1 Tornar and volver: The interplay of frequency and

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taking the near1synonymous verbs tornar and volver (Gto returns) in 16th century as examples. There is a .... en aquella primera noche delas bodas que el and in that first night of.the ...... online at http://www.corpusdelespanol.org. Last access: ...
Rosemeyer, Malte. 2013. Tornar and volver: The interplay of frequency and semantics in compound tense auxiliary selection in Medieval and Classical Spanish. In Van Gelderen, Elly, Jóhanna Barðdal and Michela Cennamo (eds.), Argument Structure in Flux. The Naples-Capri Papers, 435-458. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins.

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