O r t m a n n * , Succisa pratensis. M o e n c h . ( L I S T O N & S P Ã T H , 2 0 0 6 : o b s e r v a t i o n s b y K . J . Grearson). A . fulgens: Knautia. m a x i m a * .
B u l l e t i n
d e
la S o c i é t é
e n t o m o l o g i q u e
E u r o p e a n
de
F r a n c e ,
1 1 4
(3), 2 0 0 9
:
2 6 5 - 2 7 6 .
A b i a s p e c i e s f e e d i n g o n
D i p s a c a c e a e ,
d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e l a r v a o f A . fulgens
Z a d d a c h ,
( H y m e n o p t e r a , S y m p h y t a ,
H e n r i S A V I N A *
&
A n d r e w
* Parc Majorelle, 3 3 c h e m i n d u R a m e l e t M o u n d i , bât. C * * S e n c k e n b e r g
D e u t s c h e s
E n t o m o l o g i s c h e s
w i t h 1 8 6 3
C i m b i c i d a e )
D .
L I S T O N * *
apt. 1 6 , F – 3 1 1 0 0 T o u l o u s e
Institut, E b e r s w a l d e r
Str. 9 0 , D
– 1 5 3 7 4
M ü n c h e b e r g ,
A l l e m a g n e
< A n d r e w . L i s t o n @ s e n c k e n b e r g . d e >
Abstract.
–
T h e
larva
i s Knautia e a c h a n d
a s n e w o n l y
–
k e y
of
e s p è c e s
est
U n e
nourrissant
sur
c o n n u e
p o u r
et
être
citée ici c o m m e
ses
d'Abia
s u b f a m i l y t w o
H o r m i s
les est
4
d e s o u
t h e
h a v i n g
T h e
E u r o p e a n
s p e c i e s
associations. S p e c i e s of (referred
to in this p a p e r
( m a i n l y
L o n i c e r a )
s p e c i e s
g r o u p )
c h a r a c t e r s o r
less
E a s t
t o
of
f r o m
a n d
e n a b l e
to
t h e
F o u r
b e e n
t h e
d i v i d e d
5
w h i l s t
e s p è c e s
c o n t a i n s
s p e c i e s
of
of
w i d e l y
E u r o p e
K o n o w , 1 7 6 7 )
1 8 8 7 , a n d
distributed
of
A .
&
a n d
k n o w n
t w o
habitats
m o n t r e n t
b y
f r o m
L I S T O N
v e r y
f e w
larvae
A .
candens
is provided, Abia
a s
species,
is
Macrophya
d’Abia,
d e
larve
fulgens
rapportée
pour
la
prairies première
pics d’apparition, e u r o p é e n n e s
permettant seule
d o n t
d'A.
Z a d d a c h , les
d e u x
la
la
sont
d e
e s p è c e
d ’ A b i a
séparer
d e
Dipsacus
tant se les
S y m p h y t e s
fullonum
est
of of
parasitism.
a r e
E u r o p e ,
t h e
f o u n d
b u t
t h e
i n t h e g e n u s
o t h e r
( h e r e
s p e c i e s
f e e d i n g c a n
n o t
b e l o n g
b e
of
a n d
its
l a r v a
A . c a n d e n s
( 2 0 0 6 ) .
s p e c i m e n s .
A .
to
a p p l i e d
t h e
to
spissicornis
is
clear
A .
a s
t h e
1 8 1 7
s e r i c e a
a
m o r e
N e a r c t i c ,
t h e b i o l o g y
of
A b i a
( T A E G E R ,
b y
h o s t p l a n t
m o r p h o l o g i c a l
a b o u t
first
B L A N K ,
C a p r i f o l i a c e a e
D i p s a c a c e a e
t h e
n u m b e r
L e a c h ,
t e r m e d
d e s c r i b e d
yet
their
Zaraea
1 9 0 2
w a s
w a s
It is n o t
to
1 8 6 3 , A . n i t e n s
K o n o w ,
N e a r c t i c
greatest
t o t h e g r o u p
Z a d d a c h ,
i n t h e
A l t h o u g h o n
E u r o p e a n
( T A E G E R &
a c c o r d i n g
D i p s a c a c e a e .
s p e c i e s
t h e s e
t w e l v e
g r o u p ) , a r e a t t a c h e d
A . fulgens
S P Ä T H
a d u l t
a n d
favorables
n o u v e a u x
g r o u p s ,
A . spissicornis
a n d
n i t e n s
of
or 5
d ’ A b i a
Oriental R e g i o n s
a p p r o a c h
five
t h e l a r v a
G r e e c e
t h e
this
1 8 7 5 ) . S u b s e q u e n t l y ,
of
larve
A b i i n a e
f r o m
s p e c i e s
s p e c i e s
( C A M E R O N ,
that
L a
a p p r o x i m a t e l y
u s u a l l y p l a c e d
g e n e r a
1 9 9 8 ) ,
4
description
erythrocnema,
into
l o n i c e r a e
s e v e r a l
host
D i p s a c a c e a e
O r i e n t a l s p e c i e s . F u r t h e r m o r e , v e r y little is k n o w n
( L i n n a e u s ,
m o s t
o n
é g a l e m e n t
caractères
i n t r o d u c e d
s e p a r a t i o n
( T A E G E R ,
A . c a n d e n s
A . s e r i c e a is
h o s t s ,
t h e latter r e g i o n s . I n
D i p s a c a c e a e :
s e r i c e a
a s t h e A b i a
larval
g r o u p
b e
hostplants
fois.
g r o u p , f o r m e r l y
restricted
a d u l t s
P a l a e a r c t i c
1 7 6 7 ) ,
a s
a r e
c o h e r e n t
s p e c i e s
o n e
c a n
a
f r o m
d e s larves d e s e s p è c e s
( a b o u t 2 6 species) o c c u r s in t h e E a s t e r n Palaearctic a n d 2 0 0 8 ) .
est
Macrophya
C i m b i c i d a e
Africa.
a s
D i p s a c a c e a e
A b i a , larvae, key, host plant, D i p s a c a c e a e ,
N o r t h
p r o b a b l y
q u e
o n
a v e c
L e s
maxima
clé d'identification
la p r e m i è r e
of
maxima.
L e s observations
ainsi
of its
fullonum.
C i m b i c i d a e ) .
Knautia
r e c o r d e d
feeder
D i p s a c a c e a e ,
soleil. K .
D i p s a c a c e a e
p o u r
A b i i n a e i n
S y m p h y t a ,
d u
specialist
O n e
to the sun. A d u l t s
adults. A p a r t
Dipsacus a u x
e x p o s e d
feeding
A . candens a
is described.
n e w l y
species
b e
e t A . sericea.
candens. a u x
Abia
to
i n f é o d é e s
fournie,
S y m p h y t a ,
o t h e r s
present
protégées
est
is also
a n d
est
not fully
maxima
E u r o p e a n
plantes-hôtes
d ’ A .
plante-hôte
– H y m e n o p t e r a ,
at
les larves. U n e
inféodée
1 9 7 9 ) , o n e
( S M I T H ,
p o u r
K .
for t h e first t i m e f r o m
D i p s a c a c e a e
d ’ A . fulgens
of
C i m b i c i d a e )
m e a d o w s ,
o f A . fulgens
k n o w n
relativement
q u e
adultes
s p e c i e s , w i t h
larvae
( H y m e n o p t e r a ,
d e
( S y m p h y t a :
are m o i s t
p l a n t e - h ô t e p o u r A . candens
les adultes
1 8 6 3
a b u n d a n c e .
for separation
1 8 6 3
h u m i d e s
fois c o m m e
T h e
m a t u r e
e u r o p é e n n e s
décrite.
pentes
of
S y m p h y t a
Z a d d a c h ,
K e y - w o r d s .
habitats
here recorded
L e s
1 8 6 3 ,
Z a d d a c h ,
p e a k s
to
characters
species
fulgens
p o u r
a n n u a l
A
erythrocnema, R é s u m é .
fulgens
F a v o u r e d
t w o
A . sericea.
the
Abia
maxima.
exhibit
w e l l
o u
of
t o
a t t a c h e d
( L i n n a e u s , 1 9 9 8 ) .
b e
w h e t h e r
A .
identified ( 1 9 6 0 )
K A N G A S
r e c o r d e d
of
o n l y
this
f r o m
n o m i n a l
2 6 6
t a x o n is distinct f r o m T h e
&
S A V I N A
m a i n
p u r p o s e
l a r v a of A .
A . sericea,
of
Sur
L I S T O N . –
t h e
l a r v e s d'Hyménoptères
des
a n d n o t h i n g is k n o w n
p r e s e n t
p a p e r
is
t o
A b i a
g e n r e
du
a b o u t its hostplants o r i m m a t u r e
r e c o r d
i n f o r m a t i o n
o n
t h e
o c c u r s m a i n l y in t h e m a j o r
r a n g e s of
C e n t r a l E u r o p e a n
m o u n t a i n s
A l p s , C a r p a t h i a n s : s e e l i s t o f c o u n t r i e s i n T A E G E R et
al., 2 0 0 6 ) a n d C a u c a s u s
&
o c c u r r e n c e s
1 9 9 5 ) . I n
Z I N O V J E V ,
S w a b i a n
d i s c o v e r e d
fulgens.
A . fulgens
m o u n t a i n
n e w l y
s t a g e s .
r a n g e s A l b
in
s u c h
W e s t e r n
E u r o p e , o u t l y i n g
a s t h e M a s s i f
S o u t h e r n
C e n t r a l
G e r m a n y
1 9 8 8 ) .
( p e r s o n a l c o m m u n i c a t i o n s ) , A . fulgens
is k n o w n
A c c o r d i n g
f r o m
( Z H E L O C H O V T S E V
r e c o r d e d
1 9 4 7 ) , V o s g e s
( B E R L A N D ,
( J A N S E N ,
a r e
to
( P y r e n e e s ,
for
s o m e
1 9 9 0 )
( C H E V I N ,
C h e v i n
l o w e r
a n d
N o b l e c o u r t
t h e F r e n c h d é p a r t e m e n t s of A i n ,
A l p e s
d e H a u t e - P r o v e n c e , H a u t e s - A l p e s , A r i è g e , A u d e , C a n t a l , C o r r è z e , C ô t e d ’ O r , D r ô m e , G a r o n n e ,
Isère, J u r a , L o t ,
M o s e l l e ,
P u y
d e
D ô m e ,
P y r é n é e s - O r i e n t a l e s , S a v o i e , H a u t e - S a v o i e a n d
M A T E R I A L
A l l f i e l d w o r k o n A . fulgens
P y r é n é e s - A t l a n t i q u e s ,
H a u t e -
H a u t e s - P y r é n é e s ,
V o s g e s .
A N D
M E T H O D S
a n d collection of m a t e r i a l w a s u n d e r t a k e n b y t h e first
S t u d y sites w e r e l o c a t e d in t h e P y r e n e e s , in A r i è g e . T h e 3
m a i n sites, w h e r e
w e r e
D 6 1 8 b e t w e e n
locally v e r y a b u n d a n t ,
w e r e
l o c a t e d
a l o n g
( 4 2 ° 5 4 ’ 4 5 ’ ’ N , 0 0 1 ° 1 2 ’ 2 0 ’ ’ E , altitude 4 6 5
a n d
t h e r o a d
m . : hereafter
referred
a u t h o r .
adults a n d
L a c o u r t
l a r v a e
a n d
to a s L a c o u r t ) , in
S o u e i x
B e t h m a l e
( 4 2 ° 5 1 ’ 5 6 ’ ’ N , 0 0 1 ° 0 5 ’ 3 4 ’ ’ E , altitude 1 0 0 0 m . ) a n d Aulus-les-Bains ( 4 2 ° 4 7 ’ 1 4 ’ ’ N , 0 0 1 ° 2 0 ’ 2 0 ’ ’ , altitudes
f r o m
Irazein, E r c é
7 9 0 a n d
to
1 0 6 0
U s t o u .
m . ) . B u t
m a t e r i a l
Identification
of
w a s
adult
f o u n d
a l s o
s p e c i m e n s
at
w a s
o t h e r b y
sites
t h e
s u c h
s e c o n d
a s
B o n a c -
a u t h o r ,
u s i n g
material in the collection of the S e n c k e n b e r g D e u t s c h e s E n t o m o l o g i s c h e s Institut,
M ü n c h e b e r g ,
G e r m a n y
b y
f e m a l e
( D E I )for
e m e r g e d
e m e r g e d
4
t h
c o m p a r i s o n . Identity of t h
1 1
A u g u s t
a r e p r e s e r v e d
A p r i l 2 0 0 8 2 0 0 8
f r o m
f r o m a
t h e larva of
A . fulgens
w a s
a l a r v a c o l l e c t e d at L a c o u r t
l a r v a
c o l l e c t e d
r e a r i n g :
in O c t o b e r 2 0 0 7 , 1
at B e t h m a l e . B o t h
in t h e p e r s o n a l collection of t h e first
p r o v e d
s p e c i m e n s
a n d
1
f e m a l e c o c o o n s
a u t h o r .
R E S U L T S
Hostplants
of
o b s e r v a t i o n s of A .
Knautia
O r t m a n n * , Succisa
godetii
s h o u l d b e c o n s i d e r e d
A .
n o
s e r i c e a :
( C A M E R O N ,
larva
to b e a
Scabiosa
w a s
C o u l t .
1 8 8 3 ;
B o t h Fragaria
Description a n d
of
f o u n d
f e e d i n g
( S T E I N ,
L O R E N Z
s h o r t
of
setae, d e n s e
postspiracular, subspiracular g l a n d u b a e t h e y w e r e
(fig. 9 ) . I n n o t
d a m a g e o n
w a s
Knautia
m a x i m a
a l s o
o b s e r v e d
this plant, t h e r e is n o
&
m o r e
A . f u l g e n s . – o n l y a n d
o n
l o w e r
s u r p e d a l
W a l d s t . & Knautia
K R A U S ,
1 9 5 7
laciniatus
L .
b y
( O p i z )
G r e a r s o n ) . o n
Knautia
e v i d e n c e
Kit.* ( L I S T O N & m a x i m a * ,
a n d
S P Ä T H ,
S u c c i s a
that
it
( R E C T O R et
s a t i v u s
al., 2 0 0 6 : 1 1 ) . b y
F i g . 1-10.
L e n g t h
face. Particularly l o b e s w i t h
full-grown
large, v e r y
( 1 9 0 1 ) .
F r a g a r i a ? )
w r o n g .
2 7 - 3 5 m m .
a b d o m i n a l
L .
R e c o r d s
K O N O W
arising f r o m earlier m e n t i o n of
r e c e n t w o r k s , b u t this is certainly
2 0 0 6 ) .
p r a t e n s i s
o t h e r s ) , Dipsacus
to originate in t h e publication
t h e first instar t h e s e g l a n d u b a e
d e t e c t e d .
c o n f i r m e d
2 0 0 6 : observations b y K . J .
1 8 8 3 ) ,
s p e c i e s ( l a p s u s calami
a s h o s t s in s o m e larva
S P Ä T H ,
similar
a s a h o s t s e e m
a n d Fraxinus
a r e a l s o m e n t i o n e d
p a l e
Fragaria
a s s o c i a t i o n s
1 9 6 0 ) ,
( K A N G A S ,
S o m e
( H o n c k ) ( E R M O L E N K O , 1 9 7 2 : 1 6 3 ) , Dipsacus in t h e literature of
H o s t p l a n t
* .
L . * , S . canescens
a r v e n s i s
S T E I N ,
–
host.
columbaria
Knautia
1 8 7 5 ;
w i t h a
( L . )
m a x i m a * .
but, a s
g r o u p .
M o e n c h . ( L I S T O N &
Knautia
A . nitens:
species
a r v e n s i s
pratensis
fulgens: R e u t e r ,
s e r i c e a
t h e a u t h o r s a r e m a r k e d
c a n d e n s :
A .
A b i a
a n n u l e t s
H e a d 2 , 4
c o n s p i c u o u s , p a l e
(or s p i n e s ) a r e a b s e n t , o r
s o
w i t h
a n d
7 ,
b a s i c o n i c s m a l l
that
B
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&
S A V I N A
b u t the s h a r p line of
– Sur
L I S T O N .
c h a n g e
f r o m
des
l a r v e s d'Hyménoptères
d a r k to p a l e s e e m s
du
g e n r e
to p a s s a l w a y s
A b i a
t h r o u g h
the
s t e m m a t u m .
I n t h e first instars t h e h e a d is entirely b r o w n , b e c o m i n g b r o w n - v i o l e t (fig. 6 - 8 ) . T h e a r e b r o w n
m a r k e d .
Body w i t h
a
m o u t h p a r t s
w i t h a r e g u l a r s e q u e n c e
b l a c k
s p o t
o n
d o r s a l
of b l a c k a n d
m i d l i n e , b o r d e r e d
o r a n g e m a r k i n g s
b e l o w
o n
e a c h
(fig. 1 , 2 , 9 a - b ) . A n n u l e t
s i d e b y
a
bright
o r a n g e
7
p a t c h ,
w i t h a s e c o n d l o w e r o r a n g e spot o n the spiracular line of annulet 7 of the a b d o m i n a l
s e g m e n t s .
T h e
e l o n g a t e d
p r o t h o r a x
is a l m o s t
b l a c k
streaks. O n
1
6 . T h e
a n d
c o m p l e t e l y
a b d o m i n a l
o r a n g e a n d
s e g m e n t s
m a r k i n g s
p r e s e n t
o n
all a n n u l e t s
e x c e p t
a n d 7 ( 2 parallel irregular p a t c h e s a b o v e t h e l o w e r o r a n g e spot), w i t h o t h e r s b e t w e e n
a n n u l e t s
a n d
4 / 5 . S u p r a p e d a l
b o d y
pattern of
b l a c k
m o r e
c o m p l e t e
e a c h
i n d i v i d u a l s .
G r o u n d
t h e
t h e
level
of
t i m e
t h e
c o l o u r
(mature
f r o m
A . s e r i c e a ,
fulgens
of
irregular
p a i r e d
b l a c k
is d a r k
b u t
varies
slightly
g r e y i s h - g r e e n
this. B e f o r e
m o u l t i n g
o r
in
a n d
a s
a
k n o w n
–
C o l o u r
s p e c i e s
d e s c r i b e d
t h e y a r e w h i t e a n d
M o s t
t h e g l a n d u b a e
i n t e g u m e n t . t h e d a r k
o n
c o l o u r
a r e a is m o r e
w h i t e o n g u i s h e s
D a r k
a n d
b y
of
pattern of
t h e
s e r i c e a
size of
L O R E N Z
&
t h e b o d y g r o u p
g l a n d u b a e K R A U S
(fig. 1-2)
a n d
o n
is
of
of
of
u p p e r
h e a d
T O
is similar
( r e a c h i n g b e l o w
t h e a b d o m e n
a r o u n d
t h e
larva
k n o w n
l a r v a e of
M A T U R E
and
significantly
A . n i t e n s . I n
m o r e of
t h e d o r s a l
A B I A
trunk.
s u r r o u n d i n g
A . c a n d e n s ,
t h e s t e m m a t a )
a n d
g r a d u a l l y s h a d e s t o
b u t
in
t h e s e
c o l o u r of t h e h e a d of A . n i t e n s s p e c i e s g r o u p . S e t a e
o n
u p p e r
L A R V A E
F E E D I N G
h e a d largely pale y e l l o w - b r o w n , at m o s t w i t h small b r o w n
or t e m p l e s . E a c h further
a b d o m i n a l
black m a r k i n g s
b e l o w
( f i g . 1 5 ) . H o s t p l a n t s : Scabiosa 2.
A
black patch o n
s e g m e n t
h e a d
fulgens.
O N
D I P S A C A C E A E
U p p e r h e a d with slate grey g r o u n d colour m a r k e d with black patch o n upper temples. Dorsal
U p p e r
p a l e
distin-
m i d -
line w i t h or without black spots. S u p r a p e d a l l o b e w i t h paired black m a r k i n g s , or entirely pale –
....
m a r k i n g s o n u p p e r frons
a n d
w i t h a black spot o n dorsal m i d l i n e of annulet 7 a n d
five
this e x c l u d i n g a spot or paired m a r k i n g s o n columbaria,
S . canescens
the dorsal midline of e a c h a b d o m i n a l
the suprapedal
Abia
nitens
N o
(Linnaeus,
annulet 7, s o m e t i m e s also smaller
1 7 5 8 )
spots 3
black spots o n dorsal m i d l i n e of a b d o m e n . S u p r a p e d a l lobes entirely pale. Y e l l o w patch
annulet
7
b o r d e r e d
b y
2
elongate
black
flecks. Anterior
black
m a r k i n g
placed
m o r e
3.
arvensis,
K . maxima
Abia
a n d
black
patch
reaches
across annulets
exceptionally another just b e l o w
o n l y o n annulet 7. P r o t h o r a x
7-2; o n
flank
–
candens
Dipsacus
laciniatus,
annulet
5
the stigma. D o r s a l m i d l i n e of a b d o m e n
without y e l l o w m a r k i n g s . H e a d
d a r k to b e l o w
s h a d i n g t o w h i t i s h a r o u n d m o u t h p a r t s . ( f i g . 1 3 - 1 4 ) . H o s t p l a n t s : Succisa K . maxima,
of
D . sativus
pratensis, Abia
a
(Konow,
1 8 8 7 ) large,
tiny black
spot,
w i t h a black level of
spot
s t e m m a t a ,
Knautia sericea
of
pratensis,
A n n u l e t 7 with o n e pair of y e l l o w m a r k i n g s , subdorsally. B e l o w y e l l o w m a r k i n g , a single heart-shaped
o n
dorsal
t h e y e l l o w a r e a , p o s t e r i o r b l a c k f l e c k m o r e v e n t r a l l y . ( f i g . 1 1 - 1 2 ) . H o s t p l a n t s : Succisa Knautia
2
lobe.
o n annulets 2 a n d 4 . S u p r a p e d a l l o b e m a r k e d w i t h black –
A .
c o n s p i c u o u s ,
a n d
t h e A . s e r i c e a
v e r y
v a l u e .
t o A . s e r i c e a
t h a n in A .
E U R O P E A N
is
d i a g n o s t i c differ
( 1 9 5 7 ) , A . candens
largely p a l e ( y e l l o w - b r o w n )
a r e d e n s e r i n A . s e r i c e a a n d A . candens
K E Y
to
A . fulgens
h i g h
contrast s t r o n g l y w i t h t h e d a r k p i g m e n t a t i o n
e x t e n s i v e
all o t h e r
a n d
b e t w e e n
p r e - p u p a ,
t h e d o r s a l t r u n k in t h e o t h e r s p e c i e s a r e d a r k , like t h e
l o w e r parts. T h e it f r o m
T h e
m o r e
e x t e n t
b l u i s h - g r e e n
the g l a n d u b a e are m o r e elongate t h a n in the other species a n d m u c h
of
m a r k i n g s .
g r o u n d - c o l o u r .
b e c a u s e
1 .
w i t h
(fig. 7-8),
b o d y
b e l o w
especially f o r m a s
a b d o m e n
m o u l t s
u p p e r
larvae).
o t h e r
Distribution, a n d f r o m
larva
spiracles, w h i t i s h
Diagnosis
of
m a r k i n g s , totally a b s e n t in t h e first instars (fig. 6 ) , b e c o m e s
a s s u m e s a n a l m o s t b e i g e
different
l o b e s
a n n u l e t s 2
b e a r n u m e r o u s
spiracle)
3 / 4
are o n
b l a c k
s e g m e n t s
(a large ellipsoid o n e a b o v e t h e
2 / 3 ,
m a i n b l a c k m a r k i n g s
t h e s e
all b o d y
arvensis, ( L i n n a e u s ,
A n n u l e t 7 w i t h t w o pairs of y e l l o w m a r k i n g s : o n e subdorsally (larger) a n d o n e at a p p r o x . of spiracles. B e l o w u p p e r y e l l o w m a r k i n g , a series of 6-7 attenuate black vertical streaks.
1 7 6 7 )
level
D o r s a l
B u l l e t i n de
la
Société
e n t o m o l o g i q u e
de
F r a n c e , 1 1 4 (3), 2 0 0 9 : 2 6 5 - 2 7 6
2 6 9
midline of a b d o m e n with a black spot o n annulet 7 and smaller ones o n annulets 2 and 4.
P r o t h o r a x
extensively orange. H e a d dark to level of stemmata, sharply changing to (yellowish-) white except for a subtriangular dark patch o n u p p e r frons. F i g 1-10.
H o s t p l a n t : Knautia Abia
Phenology. at
least
– R e c o r d s of m a t u r e larvae f r o m
for
altitudes
f r o m
S e p t e m b e r / O c t o b e r .
5 0 0
T h e s e
t o
p e a k s
1 1 0 0
m . ,
o n
A b i a
nitens b y
d u r i n g w h i c h
larvae of
t h e t e m p o r a l l y b u t
further
all s t a g e s o c c u r r e d
investigations
p e a k s
A . fulgens
w e r e
l a r v a e w e r e o b s e r v e d Behaviour,
in A b i a
collected
u p
distribution,
react like m o s t
b e f o r e
1 4 0 0
( Z a d d a c h ,
a b u n d a n c e ,
activity
for
adults
a l o n g p e r i o d of
a n y
c o n c l u s i o n s
o b s e r v e d
m . ,
b u t
h i g h e r
requirements
of
b e
L I S T O N
a r e a s
O c t o b e r the
in
J u n e / J u l y
a n d
in
M a y / J u n e
a n d
observations
t h e c a s e in
d r a w n &
f r o m
2 0 0 8
w e r e
n o t
w i t h
a u t u m n ,
t h e s e
o b s e r -
( 2 0 0 6 ) .
S P Ä T H
L a r v a e
p r o s p e c t e d .
S o m e
b e i n g t o u c h e d ,
l a r v a e
2 0 0 8 .
larvae. – O n
b y secreting a clear fluid f r o m
indicate,
larval activity in
especially
c a n
b y
1 8 6 3 )
localities, c o r r e s p o n d i n g
adults. T h i s w a s
at t h e v e r y e n d of
habitat
C i m b i c i d a e
of
fulgens
outside these periods. Similarly to
n i t e n s w a s
to
still f e e d i n g
of
of
together in t h e s a m e
a p p e a r a n c e
a r e n e e d e d
b e h a v i o u r
p e a k s
( 2 0 0 6 ) , t h e r e w a s
S P Ä T H
rather scattered
v a t i o n s . S i m i l a r of
&
L I S T O N
clear
w i t h
July/August, although a f e w adults c a n b e f o u n d
maxima
field observations at the A r i è g e sites
t w o
correlate
b e l o w
the lateral b o d y g l a n d s . T h i s
"reflex
b l e e d i n g " s e e m s n o t to b e repeated b y larvae disturbed several t i m e s . I n addition, active react to tactile stimuli b y
c u r l i n g u p
a n d
o r m o v e d
o n l y
falling t o t h e g r o u n d . Y o u n g
sensitive, e v e n
if t o u c h e d
s h o w
reaction, o r o n l y t h e "reflex
feed o n
n o
t o u c h
a n d rest a m o n g s t
all
parts
of
t h e
h o s t
resting, o l d e r
plant
or
leaf, o n
o n a
a
plant
l a r v a e
o r
b r a n c h ,
l a r v a e c a n t h e n b e f o u n d
( e x c e p t S P Ä T H ,
c a n
n e i g h b o u r i n g
s t e m
etc. A s
resting p l a c e o r a
n e e d
t o find
f o o d :
n o t
d e c i d e
p h a s e
at s o m e
o b s e r v e d .
L a r v a e
f l o w e r s ) .
either plant
a
l a r v a e , o r resting larvae,
y o u n g e r
l a r v a e s e e m
b y
w e r e
of
t w o - p h a s e
o b s e r v e d
of
a s
attitude, either
o n
stretched
(not
n e c e s s a r i l y &
h o s t
( 2 0 0 6 )
S P Ä T H
isolated
m a y
a r e
( w h o s e
clearly
l a r v a e
t h e
d a y
d a y
t h e
a n d O n 8
o v e r c a s t w e a t h e r , a n d m o s t
o c c a s i o n s , t h e
e v e n d e w
m a x i m u m
of
light a n d
f e e d e r s ,
a n d
activity
of
l a r v a e
field
n o t to d i s c o u r a g e
w a s
o b s e r v e d
b y
s l o p e areas, protected
d u r i n g t h e m o r n i n g . W h e n m o r e
s h a d e d
s o m e t i m e s s e r i c e a ,
f o u n d
o n e
in
t o
( c a n d e n s ,
2 0 0 8 . T h e
b e h a v i o u r
A .
a n d
s e r i c e a
l a r v a e
w e r e
of
( 1 8 8 3 ) ,
a n d
a n d
u n d e r
in t h e
r e a r i n g
A d d i t i o n a l o b s e r v e d
f r o m
f e e d
r e m a i n e d a n d
a
o r
B u t
rest, e v e n
for m o i s t a l s o
collected
m o s t l y
visible.
to
d i s t a n c e
w a s
of
h i d d e n
t h o u g h
sites s e e m s
A . candens less
d u r i n g
similar. T h e
this
c o o l
f e e d i n g .
m o r n i n g
several h o u r s of
o n e -
t o prefer
t h e m
( b e t w e e n
t h e d a y ,
l o c a t e d
e s p e c i a l l y
1 0 0
t h e
s a m e
difference
m a y
l a r v a e
m o s t l y
m e t e r s ,
w a s
in
b e
a
w e r e A .
d a m p
of
three
S e p t e m b e r
that l a r v a e
rosettes w h e r e a s n o t
in
l a r v a e
p e r i o d
difference
in t h e l o w e r
to
t o b e s h a r e d w i t h
(adults
t h a n
o n l y
resting
of c a n
t o t h e s u n , t h e l a r v a e g e n e r a l l y m o v e
p o s s i b l y
w e r e
all three s p e c i e s
e x p o s e d
t o
w i t h i n
s e r i c e a )
A . candens
m o r e
v e g e t a t i o n
( L a c o u r t ) ,
fulgens,
d u r i n g
in t h e s u n . T h i s affinity
S T E I N
locality
direct s u n s h i n e
t h e s e sites a r e e x p o s e d
d e n s e r
e x p o s e d
a c c o r d i n g
areas). A t s p e c i e s
n i c h e
f r o m
t h e
w e
a n d 1 1 a m ) . T h e m o s t favourable sites, w h e r e a b u n d a n c e of larvae w a s highest, w e r e
in w e t
older
n i g h t ) o r a
t e m p e r a t u r e , b u t t h e y s e e m
o r light rain s e e m
a
local a b u n d a n c e
field observations at night s h o u l d b e c o n d u c t e d to clarify this. L a r v a e in the field w e r e actively in v a r i o u s c o n d i t i o n s
h o s t
m o v i n g
d r i v e n
conditions, but feeding d u r i n g the night w a s o n l y o b s e r v e d u n d e r rearing conditions.
f e e d i n g
t i m e .
t h e
o r m o r e ) ,
t e m p o r a r y
f e e d in
b y
the
A . nitens,
partly b e
p l a n t s c a u s e d
nitens,
plant), u n d e r
for
a h o s t plant ( 5 0 c m b e h a v i o u r
d u r i n g
t h e
t o
f e e d i n g
A .
o r
A . fulgens
f e e d i n g
a r e ,
of
L I S T O N
f e e d e r
A . fulgens
less t h a n 3 3 %
plant. T h i s
sites, defoliation
is a
c o i l e d
of
m a y
t o prefer
significantly
d i s t a n c e f r o m
h o s t
l a r v a e
L a r v a e
feed
m a t e r i a l
d e s c r i b e d
( n e w )
A l t h o u g h
if t h i s s p e c i e s
feeder.
of
t h e
at a significant
o r t o a
w a s
b l e e d i n g " . T h e
2 0 0 6 ) a n d
h a v e
p i e c e
f r o m
l a r v a e
m a t u r e
particularly
the l o w e r rosette leaves of the host, b u t older o n e s c a n b e f o u n d
t e m p o r a r y feeders ( L I S T O N & W h e n
gently. M o r e
l a r v a e a r e
l a r v a e
A .
significant,
of
fulgens a s
t h e
2
7
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p
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p
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2 7 2
&
S A V I N A
A . sericea
a n d
1 8 0 5 ) ,
C.
concinnata
Hemichroa
fulgens
identified
f r o m
crocea
larvae, a l s o b u t
– Sur
L I S T O N .
des
p r o b a b l y
of
in
t h e
du
larvae of other S y m p h y t a :
( G e o f f r o y ,
collected
l a r v e s d'Hyménoptères
1 7 8 5 )
B e t h m a l e
f a m i l y
a n d
in
g e n r e
Craesus
Tenthredella
alniastri
livida
2 0 0 8 ,
w e r e
M e r m i t h i d a e .
F i g .
s h o w s
outline of the l o n g thin w o r m ( s ) , c a n b e s e e n inside t h e larva. S o m e (several
n e m a t o d e s
m a r k i n g s , h o s t
or
w h e n
e a c h
alteration
t h e
p a r a s i t i s m
in
of
larva
of
w a s
s a w f l y
h o s t )
t h e
b l a c k
m a t u r e ,
l a r v a e
b y
T A E G E R ,
T h e
of
1 9 9 8 )
d o
extent a n d
adults.
n o t
d e g r e e
of
b o d y
o r
pattern.
c o l o u r a t i o n ,
N e m a t o d e s
after
t h e
c o c o o n
n e m a t o d e s
h a v e
yet
b e e n
b y
a
n e m a t o d e s ,
parasitised
especially
V e r y
T h e
l a r v a e
of
o r a n g e
l e a v i n g
f e w
their
r e c o r d s
1 8 5 8 ) , a n d
( S I E B O L D ,
t h e
s p e c i m e n s
E x i s t i n g
v e r y
w e l l
d e v e l o p m e n t
e x a m i n e d
cell in t h e f o r e w i n g -
F o r e w i n g
( b o t h
k e y s for
of
t o a d u l t s of
t h e
this g r o u p
identification
surface
entirely
c e l l 3 R 1 i n f u s c a t e : A . candens - F o r e w i n g
sculpture
of
o n
1 9 4 7 ;
( G U S S A K O V S K I J ,
A . candens
the h e a d
a n d
a n d
A .
fulgens.
a b d o m i n a l
terga,
s t i g m a
b y
c a s e s
of
ratio
p a l e , at m o s t
b i c o l o u r e d ;
behaviour
c o m m u n i c a t i o n ) , b e e n
r e c o r d e d
in t h e M a s s i f a n d
8 4
m a l e s
m a r g i n s
of
f e m a l e s
a s a b u n d a n t
of of
t h e
s t i g m a
slight
d a r k e n i n g
a n d
t h e
b a s a l half
blackish, apical half
t h e lancet ( K A N G A S ,
f r o m
in
t h e
t h e
first
o n l y
m a l e 2 4
is k n o w n f e m a l e s
f r o m
A n d o r r a ) , b u t
(ration 1:12)
I n o t h e r E u r o p e a n
sp.,
c o o l
of
s p e c i e s of
Thysselinum
palustre
N o o n
large
o r
s o m e t i m e s
m a t i n g ,
t h e
a n d
( p e r s o n a l
P y r e n e e s , o n l y 1
m o r e
t h a n
in t h e F r e n c h
t h e s e r i c e a
1 5 0
m a l e
f e m a l e s ;
A l p s , 2 2
m a l e s
g r o u p , m a l e s a r e
a b o u t
tip
of
m o r n i n g ,
t h e
h a b i t s
collect
s u c h
f e e d i n g A s
n o
A . fulgens
o n
s p e c i m e n s . T h e t h e
adult m a y
sylvestris
f l o w e r
w a s differ
a n d
o n l y
l e a v e s
n e a r
to
adults
t h e
l e a v e s ) a n d
t h e
m a l e
t h e
s m a l l e r
o n
f l o w e r -
o b s e r v e d in
L . ) ,
this respect
f r o m
2 0 0 6 ) .
attacked, fall
o r
a b d o m e n . of
w h i t e - f l o w e r e d
often
g r o u n d .
in w a r m
curl
T h i s
t h e
w a s
a n d s u n n y
b o d y ,
m o v e
o b s e r v e d
b o t h
w i n g s in
situations (adults o n
to
c o o l
a n
e x t e n d e d
a n d
o v e r c a s t
f l o w e r s ) .
oviposition h a s so-far b e e n observed, e v e n t h o u g h a f e w f e m a l e s w e r e f o u n d
c o n c l u s i o n o n
s p e c i e s
1 ) .
( L . ) H o f f m . a n d Angelica
f e m a l e
w i t h
S P Ä T H ,
c o n d i t i o n s (adults o n
w a s
c o n t a c t
early
d i s t u r b e d
position, a n d
a u t h o r
b y
A . n i t e n s ( L I S T O N & W h e n
radial
f e m a l e s .
a t t a c h e d
h e a d s
y e l l o w ;
reported b y T A E G E R ( 1 9 9 8 ) a n d C h e v i n
locally in l a r g e n u m b e r s . It is e a s y t o p h o t o g r a p h
m a l e
radial
1 9 4 6 b : 8 3 , fig.
a r e rather s c a r c e . I n t h e F r e n c h
m a l e s a n d
A p i a c e a e ( e s p e c i a l l y Heracleum
b y
radial
b a s e ;
all o t h e r
I n w a r m a n d s u n n y conditions, adults (females) w e r e o b s e r v e d feeding o n
o b s e r v e d
first
c h a r a c t e r s :
at e x t r e m e
a r e easily d i s t i n g u i s h e d
– A s
A . fulgens
(ration 1:4).
a s
w i t h
of
A . fulgens
adults.
( 1 a d d i t i o n a l
Central, 2
of
( Z a d d a c h ) .
d o u b t , f e m a l e s
and
c o l o u r a t i o n
to r e p r e s e n t reliable d i s t i n g u i s h i n g
t h e distinctive s h a p e of t h e serrulae of Sex
h a s
f o u n d
t h e
fulgens.
( K o n o w ) .
c e l l 3 R 1 h y a l i n e : A . fulgens I n
s e x e s ) ,
w e r e h o w e v e r
s t i g m a
of this
often u s e d a s a m a i n character for separating these t w o species, is h i g h l y variable in A . I n
A . yet
larva.
l a c k
o b s e r v e d
m a d e .
r e p o r t e d
n o t
h e a v i l y parasitised
w e r e
w a s
S e v e r a l
s p e c i e s .
–
w o r k
a b n o r m a l
e v e n
s e e m s t o b e t h e first for a n A b i a Identification
s h o w e d
(Scharfenberg,
( L . , 1 7 5 8 ) .
parasitised 1 0
A b i a
g r o u n d ,
either
o v i p o s i t i o n b e h a v i o u r
o n
t h e
leaf
c a n b e d r a w n
e d g e f r o m
o r
n e a r
t h e s e
t h e
m i d r i b
of
t h e
positioned leaf.
N o
o b s e r v a t i o n s .
D I S C U S S I O N
T h e t h e m
attractive a p p e a r a n c e
m o r e
c l o s e l y
( m o s t
of
n o t a b l y
adult A b i a
h a s e n c o u r a g e d
s e v e r a l e n t o m o l o g i s t s
A . S e m e n o v - T i a n - S h a n s k i j
in
R u s s i a
a n d
s t u d y
E . K a n g a s
Finland). Nevertheless, e x a m i n a t i o n of their juvenile stages a n d biology h a s l a g g e d b e h i n d t h e a t t e n t i o n g i v e n t o a d u l t s . S p e c i e s o f t h e A . sericea
t o
in
considerably
g r o u p are of interest in
n o r t h e r n
B u l l e t i n de
la
Société
e n t o m o l o g i q u e
de
F r a n c e , 1 1 4 (3), 2 0 0 9 : 2 6 5 - 2 7 6
2 7 3
a n d central E u r o p e to those c o n c e r n e d w i t h nature conservation. T h e y are regionally o r g a n i s m s t o n a t u r e
a n d
their p r e s e n c e
c o n s e r v a t i o n
for
indicates a d e g r e e
t h e sites w h e r e
of
t h e y
n a t u r a l n e s s
a r e
f o u n d .
a n d
therefore
F u r t h e r m o r e ,
et
( R E C T O R
al.,
C o s t a ,
a t t a c h m e n t ( 2 0 0 6 ) s p e c i e s b y
in
1 8 5 9
to hostplants
f o u n d
Knautia
t h e
m e m b e r s
a r v e n s i s
f r o m
o f t h e Abia
( T e n t h r e d i n i d a e :
b e l o n g i n g
collection
D r . R . H i n z
o n e
" D i p s a c u s
of
to
t h e
Dipsacus
sericea
T e n t h r e d i n i n a e )
s e e m s
t o
exhibit
b e
a
h o s t
of
Z o o l o g i s c h e
fullonum.
M.
erythrocnema
a n d
S t a a t s s a m m l u n g ,
A c c o r d i n g
t w o
M u n i c h
Macrophya
a
specialised
A L T E N H O F E R
f e m a l e s
h a v e
b e e n
r e c o r d e d
i n t h e l i t e r a t u r e i s Tenthredo 1 9 5 7 ) . T h e Tenthredo ( =
m i g h t of
T.
atra
D .
K l u g ,
pratensis).
represent
a
1 8 1 7
a t r a s i m p l y
c a n
t o t h e collector’s diaries, t h e s e
it
is
traced
to w h i c h
m o d e r n
to m a n y ( 2 0 0 6 )
that
K l u g , 1 8 1 7 . T h i s
p r o b l e m s
m e n t i o n
e m e r g e d
of
t w o
( K l u g , 1 8 2 0 ) significantly
that
of
A b i a [ =
s p e c i e s
" S c a b i o s a " of
s l o w l y
result f r o m
c o n d i t i o n s , a n d
t h a n
a t r a ) f r o m
( 1 8 8 5 )
r e c o r d e d
in
t h e different
t h e
that
for
A d o x a c e a e ,
D i p s a c a c e a e ,
of
represent 4
d i v e r s e
a s s e m b l a g e
s p e c i e s
a r e
or
5
of
t h e
b e c a u s e
l o n i c e r a e
o r d e r
S y m p h y t a or
a s
a
p o s s i b l e h o s t
l a r v a e of
g r o u p
of
Tenthredo
A . candens
A . fulgens
D i p s a c a l e s
w h o s e
n a r r o w l y
of
in
T h o m s o n ,
7
A b i a
- T e n t h r e d i n i d a e
T e n t h r e d i n i n a e : 4
- T e n t h r e d i n i d a e
N e m a t i n a e : 5 of
w i t h o n
a
T h e larger
schaefferi
is
better
s p e c i e s
s l o w l y A .
t h a n a e n e a
S a v i n a
d e v e l o p e d
a p p a r e n t
difference
to (artificial)
r e a r i n g
limited a n d
s a w f l y
f a u n a
t a x o n o m i c a l l y
o n
C a p r i f o l i a c e a e
( L O R E N Z
o n
m o r e
E u r o p e a n &
K R A U S ,
a r e :
( L o n i c e r a ) ;
Hoplocampoides
L i n n a e a ) ; s p e c i e s
Macrophya
Nematus
( L o n i c e r a ) ;
s p e c i e s ( S a m b u c u s ,
( P a r a n e m a t u s )
C a p r i f o l i a c e a e
r e p r e s e n t e d
Valerianaceae
Caprifoliaceae. I n total, 1 8
s p e c i e s ( L o n i c e r a ,
B l e n n o c a m p i n a e : 1
C a p r i f o l i a c e a e
( a n d
A L T E N H O F E R
m o r e
a s
h o s t s
s p e c i e s
b y
V i b u r n u m ) ;
( L o n i c e r a ) .
s a w f l i e s
is h o w e v e r
surprising, b e c a u s e the D i p s a c a c e a e is m o s t s p e c i e s rich in t h e M e d i t e r r a n e a n t h e
f o r m s "
investigation,
1 8 7 1 , a n d
A . s e r i c e a . T h i s
E u r o p e .
o l i g o p h a g o u s
- T e n t h r e d i n i d a e
u s e
h o s t
n o m e n c l a t u r e
t h e arcuata
l a r v a e r e a r e d b y
a n d
larvae feed
s p e c i e s
- C i m b i c i d a e : a p p r o x i m a t e l y
greater
a
Tenthredo
d e v e l o p s m u c h
( A . m u t i c a
s p e c i e s , c o m p a r e s
- P a m p h i l i i d a e : 1 Pamphilius
a p p a r e n t l y
a s
F a b a c e a e .
1 9 5 7 ; L I S T O N , 1 9 9 5 ; L A C O U R T , 1 9 9 9 ) . T h e s e
T h e
dispar
investigation.
E u r o p e a n
m o n o p h a g o u s
s u c c i s a
b e a p p l i e d
T h e plant families D i p s a c a c e a e a n d Caprifoliaceae, together w i t h the smaller a n d
r e a r e d
T.
literature
h o s t p l a n t
a p a r t i c u l a r l y n e g a t i v e r e s p o n s e o f A . candens
r e q u i r e s further
K R A U S ,
S c a b i o s a
t h o u g h t
b e a n interesting subject
a r v e n s i s
l a r v a e of
m e n t i o n e d
( 1 8 7 6 : 8 9 - 9 0 ) , w h o
in the S y m p h y t a ) . P S C H O R N - W A L C H E R &
b i g e n s K a n g a s , 1 9 4 6 ] ) . T w o
m o r e
m i g h t h o w e v e r
t h e
p o l y p h a g o u s
a n d host associations of the various "colour
o n l y t o f e e d o n
of
T.
S T E I N
( 1 9 6 0 : 5 4 ) n o t e d t h a t t h e l a r v a o f A . candens
K A N G A S
G e r m a n y ,
frequently
of g e n e t i c material) c o u l d usefully
Knautia
r e a r e d
(e.g. b y L O R E N Z &
t o C A M E R O N
s y n o n y m
a t r a w o u l d
r e q u i r e s c o n f i r m a t i o n ,
g r o u p a r e o t h e r w i s e k n o w n
t h o s e
o f T.
t e c h n i q u e s ( s e q u e n c i n g
a l s o tentatively
a
M o s t
pratensis
careless interpretation
a s s y n o n y m s
similar t a x o n o m i c
Succisa b a c k
a s
u s e d at the t i m e of C a m e r o n . T h e t a x o n o m y at p r e s e n t r e g a r d e d
D i p s a c a c e a e .
interesting
s p e c i e s . N o t e
results f r o m
o n
f r o m
p l a c e d
this
fullonum).
f e e d i n g
b e
( n o w
H o w e v e r ,
distinct
a s
L . , 1 7 5 8
original o b s e r v a t i o n dispar
Succisa
=
of
( Z S M ) w e r e
the s a w f l y species m e n t i o n e d a b o v e , o n l y larvae of a f e w h i g h l y
T e n t h r e d i n i n a e
N o r t h
species g r o u p , o n l y
to t h e D i p s a c a c e a e . P S C H O R N - W A L C H E R &
s i l v e s t r i s " ( D . sylvestris
A p a r t f r o m
s p e c i e s
s p e c i e s in
f r o m several larvae collected o n 2 9 . 8 . 1 9 5 8 in a q u a r r y n e a r E i n b e c k , L o w e r S a x o n y , f r o m
v a l u e
2 0 0 6 ) .
I n the S y m p h y t a , apart f r o m erythrocnema
certain
at least
( A . s e r i c e a ) i s a c a n d i d a t e f o r u s e i n b i o l o g i c a l c o n t r o l o f i n v a s i v e Dipsacus A m e r i c a
a
e n d a n g e r e d
in
c o o l e r
r e g i o n s
w h i c h
a l s o
n o t
r e g i o n
h a p p e n
t o
v e r y
w h e r e a s
s u p p o r t
a
2 7 4
m u c h &
&
S A V I N A
larger
n u m b e r
of
s p e c i e s
( 2 0 0 6 ) , p r e d a t i o n
S P Ä T H
t h e s a w f l y
f a u n a
a t t a c h e d
s h r u b s
of
des
l a r v e s d'Hyménoptères
S y m p h y t a .
p r e s s u r e
m a y
t o t h e s e plant
g e n e r a l habitat r e q u i r e m e n t s C a p r i f o l i a c e a e :
– Sur
L I S T O N .
a l s o h a v e
o r c l i m b e r s , m a i n l y
albicincta
S a m b u c u s T h e that
in
spp.
r e s p e c t s
s h a r e Knautia
its b i o l o g y
three
large a r e a s of
A b i a
m a y
in
t h e
n u t r i e n t - p o o r
c o n d i t i o n s
o l i g o p h a g o u s
of
t h e s e
A b i a
w i t h
sericea &
( L I S T O N
s p e c i e s .
W i t h i n
et
R E C T O R
of
t h e
U k r a i n e
data are insufficient of
al.
( 2 0 0 6 )
that
o c c u r
its
fulgens a n d
2 0 0 6 ) .
A . sericea.
s a m e
A s
w a t e r
of
its
i n d i s t i n g u i s h a b l e
s p e c i e s
w h e t h e r
r a n g e ,
it
is
w h i c h
( i n c l u d i n g
( o n e
d i s t i n g u i s h A . spissicornis
of
f r o m
s p e c i e s
also u s e
Succisa
( 1 9 7 2 )
a r e
u s e d
f o u n d
a s
t h e
m o r e
n o r t h e r n
in t h e
s c u l p t u r e ,
v e r y
t h r o u g h
m o s t
m o s t
in its
n o t
of
in
B u l g a r i a available
u s e
a n t e n n o m e r e s ,
c h a r a c t e r s
w h i c h
a c c o r d i n g
A . s e r i c e a ) . P h o t o g r a p h s
of
t o
w a r m e r this a s
l a r v a e collected o n
structure
b o t h
s p e c i e s
a d u l t s
of
a n d
for
a n y
for
t h e m o m e n t
t h e
A . sericea
l a r v a e , b u t
s p e c i e s . A s
w h e t h e r
d i s c u s s e d
b y
better referred
t h e A . lonicerae
g r o u p
so-far
s t u d i e d
this r e p r e s e n t s &
L I S T O N
S P Ä T H
to a s a p o l y m o d a l
d i s p l a y
s i m p l e ( 2 0 0 6 )
t w o
b i v o l t i n i s m for
s h o u l d
Dipsacus
e m e r g e n c e
Finally,
of
h a s
pattern. B y
n o t
least
in
v i e w
of
t h e
i n v a s i v e Dipsacus
s . str.) also
m o n o p h a g o u s =
current
interest
in
b e l o n g
/ o l i g o p h a g o u s
–
A C K N O W L E D G M E N T S .
F r a n c e )
p r o v i d e d
( D E I , M ü n c h e b e r g , E n g l a n d ) Abia
species
S c h m i d t D r
a n d
D r
to t h e o n
sericea
s p e c i e s
R e c t o r
d r e w
(Montpellier, R é g i s
( Z S M ,M u n i c h ,
G e r m a n y )
m a d e
(Dingolfing,
C h e v i n
our attention
G e r m a n y )
s p e c i e s of
o n
potential
( R E C T O R et
the
a n d
b e e n
of
p r o v e d is of
( K A N G A S ,
biological
for
France) of
A . fulgens
( C a r c a s s o n n e , collection
discussions
France) a n d
kindly
diaries
u s to u s e his p h o t o g r a p h
in F r a n c e .
of
a n d
D r
Grearson
identified
o f a n A . nitens
1 8 9 6
N o b l e c o u r t
e x c h a n g e
R . H i n z
a l s o (?
1 9 4 7 .
Thierry
thank J o h n
1 9 9 5 :
p r o b a b l y
S e m e n o v ,
a n d
s e e m s
Z I N O V J E V ,
therefore
G u s s a k o v s k i j ,
distribution
interesting
a r e
c o n t r o l
al., 2 0 0 6 ) , it
A . berezowskii
to the paper b y Siebold. W e
the sawfly a l l o w e d
D i p s a c a c e a e :
(Fontenay-le-Fleury,
France)
Perich
g r o u p
A . s e m e n o v i a n a
information
g r o u p .
S p ä t h
the
H e n r i
additional
G e r m a n y )
B r i a n
D r
sericea
J o c h e n
of
n o t
(Linnaeus, 1 7 5 8 )
finding
species in N o r t h A m e r i c a
A . sericata Z h e l o c h o v t s e v , 1 9 3 5 ) a n d
Quillan,
a b u n d a n c e
contrast, s p e c i e s
w o r t h w h i l e m e n t i o n i n g that t w o E a s t e r n Palaearctic taxa ( Z H E L O C H O V T S E V & Abia
sericea.
2 0 0 1 ) .
a g e n t s to c o m b a t
u n d e r
in
A . nitens, t h e p h e n o m e n o n
g r o u p s e e m t o b e u n i v o l t i n e , e x c e p t f o r A . fasciata
1 9 4 6 a ; C H E V I N ,
p e a k s
of
extensively
B u l g a r i a revealed that the c o l o u r pattern w a s identical to Central E u r o p e a n larvae of A . A l l
a
m o r p h o -
( 1 9 0 2 )
K O N O W
in
h o s t p l a n t
is u s e d a s a host in
p r o p o r t i o n s
d r y ,
n a r r o w l y
h o s t s . U n f o r t u n a t e l y ,
d o
t h e
e x t e n s i v e
respectively
p o p u l a t i o n s
W i t h
w a r m ,
except that Bulgarian females tend to h a v e
t h e
p r e s e n t
distinctive of
t h e
t h e
to
t h r e e
nutrient s u p p l y .
a l s o is
o n l y
indicate
typically,
to
is
1 9 9 4 ) .
in Bulgaria, p r o v i d e d b y B . Rector, w e r e
l a n c e t ) f r o m C e n t r a l E u r o p e a n A . sericea, sterna
a n d
a d a p t a t i o n
P o s s i b l y
E R M O L E N K O
Dipsacus
E u r o p e , o r
A l l
s h o w n
sites, w h i c h
it
in a d d i t i o n
( H A L S T E A D ,
p e r h a p s s h o w s regional differences
a n d
a r e a s ;
H o w e v e r ,
presented a b o v e
Knautia.
to g o o d
b e c a u s e
a n d
in E u r o p e
h o s t
a n d A . sericea
o n
t h e
L .
t o a l l o w a s t a t e m e n t o n w h e t h e r o n l y Dipsacus
S o u t h e r n
a b d o m i n a l
at
E u r o p e a n
h o s t . A d u l t s p e c i m e n s r e a r e d f r o m Dipsacus
b r o w n
opulus
f o u n d
m o d e r a t e
S P Ä T H ,
association.
logically
L . a s a
of
architecture
is r e p r e s e n t e d
officinalis
A . candens
g r o u p ,
a l . , 2 0 0 6 ) , A . sericea
r e g i o n s
to
L I S T O N
t h e d e v e l o p m e n t
it o c c u p i e s , A . n i t e n s i s c l e a r l y t h e m o s t
t h e g r o u p ( T A E G E R et
parts
u s e s Valeriana
e v e n
E u r o p e , a r e m e a d o w s
s p e c i e s
b y
o r w o o d l a n d ) . I n this respect
like t h e D i p s a c a c e a e
is similar
to t h e habitat n i c h e w h i c h
E u r o p e a n
a n d
in s c r u b
h a s s o far o n l y b e e n
s p e c i e s
o n
their different
a s o n e o f t h e i r l a r v a l h o s t s , a l t h o u g h A . candens
t h e s e
a l r e a d y
plants, g r o w i n g m o s t l y in o p e n
t h e n e w l y d i s c o v e r e d l a r v a o f Abia
w h e r e a s A . fulgens
respect
of
A b i a
d i s c u s s e d
differently
( m a i n h o s t s ? ) ( C H E V I N , 1 9 7 5 ) a n d Viburnum
m a n y
s t u d y ,
f o u n d
a s
g e n r e
to support a n y m o n o - or o l i g o p h a g o u s sawflies.
( S c h r a n k , 1 7 7 6 )
observations o n
pratensis,
a c t e d
families, b e c a u s e
interesting that t h e V a l e r i a n a c e a e , w h i c h
Macrophya
F u r t h e r m o r e ,
( D i p s a c a c e a e : h e r b a c e o u s
b y h e r b a c e o u s species, is n o t k n o w n
du
the
S t e p h a n (Milton
( O N F ,
B l a n k K e y n e s ,
of information Diptera.
available larva.
for
D r
o n
Stefan
e x a m i n a t i o n .
B u l l e t i n de
la
Société
e n t o m o l o g i q u e
de
F r a n c e , 1 1 4 (3), 2 0 0 9 : 2 6 5 - 2 7 6
2 7 5
R E F E R E N C E S
L . , 1 9 4 7 . –
B E R L A N D
H y m é n o p t è r e s
P . , 1 8 7 5 . –
C A M E R O N
T e n t h r e d o i d e s . Faune
N o t e o n t h e l a r v a o f Abia
de
sericea,
France,
4 7 :
1-493.
L i n n . , H t g . Entomologist's
Monthly
Magazine,
1 2 (137): 1 1 1 . ¾
¾
1 8 7 6 . – O n
the H y m e n o p t e r a
3 [ 1 8 7 5 - 1 8 7 8 ] :
se
¾
¾
R e m a r q u e s t a x o n o m i q u e s
d é v e l o p p a n t
sur
(n. s.), 1 1 ( 2 ) :
Sambucus
de
la
Annales
de
S y m p h y t e s
d u
des
Sciences
Naturelles
M u s é u m
des
Naturalistes,
à l'inventaire d u
de
c o t o m i d i . Fauna
Ukrainii,
A . J . , 1 9 9 4 . –
H A L S T E A D
Natural
II. S y m p h y t e n in
l'Ouest
de
la
¾
–
–
die
Ü b e r
die
France,
¾
¾
(3):
J., 1 9 9 9 .
Mémoires
de
A .
D . ,
distribution,
M
Abia
Biologie 2 6 :
u n d
1 2 :
die
a
Société
1 9 9 5 .
H . &
d e s
SSSR,
2 (2):
Journal
1-235.
of
Entomology
H o l z w e s p e n für
( H y m e n o p t e r a ,
Naturschutz
S y m p h y t a ) .
und
Landschaftspflege
a n
einigen
Tenthrediniden
1 4 - 1 9 .
v o n
Tenthredinidae)
Abia
für
candens
i m
K o n .
systematische
für
Lichte
ihrer
( H y m . ,
europäischen
C i m b i c i d a e ) .
Hymenopterologie
systematische
de of
Annales
Chalastogastra
und
Hymenopterologie
J., 2 0 0 6 . –
Dipterologie,
und
Dipterologie,
Sawflies.
List
of
species,
S y m p h y t a ) .
modern
nomenclature,
Gottfrieding: C h a l a s t o s Forestry: nitens
( H y m e n o p t e r a :
A . T a e g e r ( e d s ) : Recent
Sawfly
1-190.
(Linné, 1 7 5 8 ) : a T h e r m o p h i l e
S y m p h y t a : Research:
C i m b i c i d a e ) :
Synthesis
and
S a w f l y
1 2 9 - 1 3 8 . –
Prospects.
in:
S .
Keltern:
pl.
M . , 1 9 5 7 . –
D i e Larvalsystematik
zur &
( H y m e n o p t e r a ,
1-432.
t h e B i o l o g y o f Abia
Feeding-Pattern
E v e r s , 7 0 4 p., 1 6
H .
3 :
literature.
O n
ouest-palearctiques
France,
European
identification
L a r v a l
K R A U S
Tenthredinidae
Compendium
mitteleuropäischen
Larvalsystematik
A L T E N H O F E R
P f l a n z e n w e s p e n
der Blattwespen
der
E . , 2 0 0 6 .
–
Insekten,
N e u e r e
( H y m e n o p t e r a ,
1 :
(Tenthredinoidea
M e g a l o -
1-389.
L a r v e n a u f s a m m l u n g e n
S y m p h y t a ) .
u n d
Linzer
u n d
biologische
Z u c h t e n
v o n
Beiträge,
3 8
1 6 0 9 - 1 6 3 6 . B . S . , H A R I Z A N O V A
biological
T . &
V . , S F O R Z A R . , W I D M E R
c o n t r o l o f t e a s e l s , Dipsacus
spp., a
n e w
R . N . , 2 0 0 6 .
W I E D E N M A N N
target in the U n i t e d
–
Prospects
S t a t e s . Biological
for Control,
1-14.
S I E B O L D
C . T . V O N , 1 8 5 8 . –
Zeitung,
Stettin, 1 9 :
D . R . , 1 9 7 9 .
–
U e b e r
Apocrita
S u b o r d e r
(Parasitica).
die F a d e n w ü r m e r
der Insecten (Fünfter
N a c h t r a g ) .
Entomologische
3 2 5 - 3 4 4 . S y m p h y t a :
a n d B . D . B u r k s ( e d s ) : Catalog and
2 . Fauna
7 7 - 1 2 2 .
L a r v e
entomologique
–
S P Ä T H
P S C H O R N - W A L C H E R
S M I T H
Blasti-
5 1 - 5 6 .
Répertoire
d o n t o i d e a ) . Abhandlungen
3 6 :
pil'shhiki. Tsimbitsidi.
Z ü c h t u n g s v e r s u c h e
( H y m . ,
s u b o r d o t e r t i u s ) . Zeitschrift
–
la
D i u r n a l
G o e c k e &
R E C T O R
1-4.
Systematische Z u s a m m e n s t e l l u n g der bisher b e k a n n t g e w o r d e n e n
Blank, S . S c h m i d t &
(2):
u n d
1 2 :
L e a c h
Fennici,
foodplants,
A . D . &
L O R E N Z
C i m b i c i d a e ) .
3 8 4 - 3 9 0 .
L A C O U R T
w i t h
Bulletin
1 6 1 - 1 7 6 .
2 (6):
L I S T O N
(n. s.), 5 4 ( 1 ) :
J .
1 5 - 3 6 .
( L . ) ( H y m e n o p t e r a ,
A l b . Veröffentlichungen
1 9 0 2 . – N e u e B l a t t w e s p e n . ( H y m ) . Zeitschrift
L I S T O N
d e Loire-Atlantique.
(n. s.), 1 2 ( 1 ) :
lonicerae
Blatt-, H a l m - u n d
Fennici,
G a t t u n g
Fennici,
( H y m e n o p t e r o r u m 1
département
Parisiens,
B e o b a c h t u n g e n
Entomologici
F . W . , 1 9 0 1 . –
K O N O W
France,
3 9 3 - 4 0 6 .
Entomologici
Entomologici
de
1 9 1 - 1 9 2 .
B i o l o g i s c h e
Ü b e r
A r t e n . Annales 1 9 6 0 . –
Glasgow,
Tenthredinidae]
Entomologique
s a w f l y h o s t p l a n t s n o t l i s t e d b y B e n s o n . British
6 3 :
E . , 1 9 4 6 a .
1 9 4 6 b .
of
1-203.
v o n der S c h w ä b i s c h e n
( H y m . ) . I I I . Annales ¾
Naturalistes
w ü r t t e m b e r g i s c h e n
Baden-Württemberg,
K A N G A S
Society
[ H y m .
Société
Insectes H y m é n o p t è r e s , Chalastrogastra
7 (4):
D i e
des
1 0 (2):
S o m e
History,
E . , 1 9 8 8 . –
J A N S E N
la
R o g o k h v o s t i ta pil'shchiki. T e n t r e d o p o d i b n i
V . V . , 1 9 4 7 . –
G U S S A K O V S K I J
and
Bulletin
V . M . , 1 9 7 2 . –
E R M O L E N K O
History
d'Histoire Naturelle d e N a n t e s (Collections
2 0 0 1 . – B i o l o g i e e t d e s c r i p t i o n d e l a l a r v e d e Zaraea Cahiers
Natural
2 5 3 - 2 6 0 .
et G . B r o q u e t ) . Contribution
Société
the
e t b i o l o g i q u e s s u r l e s Macrophya
[Caprifoliaceae].
1 9 9 0 . – L e s H y m é n o p t è r e s D o m i n i q u e
of
8 6 - 9 5 .
H . , 1 9 7 5 . –
C H E V I N
o f K i n g u s s i e . Proceedings
of
3 - 1 3 7
Hymenoptera
W a s h i n g t o n
–
in: K . in
V .
America
K r o m b e i n , North
of
P .
D .
Mexico.
H u r d
Jr., D . R .
S m i t h
1 ,
Symphyta
Volume
D . C . : S m i t h s o n i a n Institution Press, xvi +
1 1 9 8
p .
2 7 6
S A V I N A
S T E I N R . ,
¾
L I S T O N .
– Sur
9 (17-18):
A . ,
1 9 9 8 .
–
p t e r a , Symphyta). A . &
A . T a e g e r &
Kommentierte
B L A N K
entomologische
B e s t i m m u n g s s c h l ü s s e l
C i m b i c i d a e ) : 1 9 3 - 2 0 5 . In:
T A E G E R
l a r v e s d'Hyménoptères
du
g e n r e
A b i a
Entomologische
2 0 6 - 2 1 3 .
1 8 8 5 . – N e u e A f t e r r a u p e n . Wiener
T A E G E R
des
1 8 8 3 . – Tenthredinologische Studien. 4. N e u e oder w e n i g bekannte Afterraupen.
Nachrichten, ¾
&
der
Zeitung,
K e u l h o r n b l a t t w e s p e n
2 4 5 - 2 5 0 . D e u t s c h l a n d s
( H y m e n o p t e r a :
Deutschlands
(Hymeno-
S . M . B l a n k ( e d s ) : Pflanzenwespen
Bestandsaufnahme.
S . M . , 2 0 0 8 . –
4 (10):
E C a t S y m
Keltern: G o e c k e &
E v e r s , 3 6 4 p., 8
- Electronic W o r l d Catalog of S y m p h y t a
(Insecta,
noptera). P r o g r a m version 3.9, data version 3 4 (05.09.2008). – Digital E n t o m o l o g i c a l M ü n c h e b e r g , T A E G E R
Recent
S . M .
Checklist Sawfly
Z H E L O C H O V T S E V
H y m e -
Information,
http://www.zalf.de/home_zalf/institute/dei/php_e/ecatsym/ecatsym.php
A . , B L A N K
Species
pl.
for
Research: A . N . &
&
L I S T O N
the
A . D . , 2 0 0 6 .
Countries: Synthesis
and
Z I N O V J E V A . G . ,
–
3 9 9 - 5 0 4 . Prospects.
E u r o p e a n In:
S . M .
Sawflies Blank,
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