energies. $2. Experimental. Single crystals of ruby, Al2O3:Cr grown by the Vernouille technique were supplied from. Shinkosha Ltd. The nominal chromium con-.
J o u r n a 一 orTh ePh y s i c a lS o c i e t yoHa p a n 0 ,Oc t o b e r ,1 9 9 2 ,p p.3 8 0 3 3 81 1 Vo l . 61 ,No 1
M agnel i cFi el d DependenceofM agnet oei r cul ar Phot o) umi nescenceSpect rai n Ruby Kat s uakiSATO,Mas akaz uHI RAl *andTakahi koTAMAKl † Fa c u/ l yo fTe c hno/ o g y,Tok yoUni v e r s L ' l y0 /Agr i c ul t u r ea ndr e e hno/ o g y, Ko go ne i ,Tok yo1 8 4 T NHKSc l e ･ nC ea ndTe c hnt c o/Re s e a r c hLo bor al or L ' e : S , Se l a ga ya ku,Tok yol 57
( Re c e i v e dFe b r u a r y2 8 ,1 9 9 2 ) S p e c t r aort h ema g n e t o c i r c u l a rp h o t o l u in m e s c e n c e( MCPL)a swe l la st h e ma g n e t o c i r c u l a rd i c h r o i s mora b s or p t i o n( MCDA)We r eme a s u r e di ns i n g l ec r y s t a l s ofr u b ywi t hv a r i o u sc h r om) u mc o n c e n t r a t l O n Sa t a b o u t 2 5K. Di s p e r s i o n t y p eMCPL s t uc r L u r e swe r eo b s e r v e df o rb o t hRIa n dR2P h o t ol u in m e s c e n c e( PL)l i n e s . Li n e s h a p e sofMCPLs p e c t r aofR2 l i n eF o rv a r i o u sma g n e t i c丘 e J d swe r eq u l l es y mme t r i c a ) ,wh i c hc o u l db er e p r o d u c e db yat h e o r e t i c a lc a l c u l a t i o nu s l n gt h ema t r i x e l e me n t sr e p o r t e db ySu g a n oetal .Ont h eo t h e rh a n d, t h eMCPLs ec p t r aoft h eR1 1 i n ewe r ea s y mme l r i ca n dc ou l dn o tb ee x p l a i n e db yl h ec a l c u l a t i o n.Th eMCPL l i n e s h a p e sofRI We r eS t r o n g l yd e en p d e n to nt h ema g n e t i cf l e l da.Th ei n t e g r a t e di n t e n s l t yOrt h eRI MCPLs p e c t r u mwa sf ou n dt oh a v eah n i t ev a l u et a k i n gama x i mu m a r o u n d8-0. 5T.
m g n e
r c u l a rd i c h r o i s m, a t o c i r c u l a rp h o t o l u in m e s c e n c e ,A1 2 01 : Cr , ma g n e t oci l i g a n d允 e l dt r a n s i t i o n,Rl l i n e s ,N2 l i n e
昏 1. I nt r oduct i on Magne t oc i r c ul ar di c hr oi s m ofabs or pt l On ( MCDA)hasbe e n known t o pr ovi deas e ns i t i vet oolF ors t udi e sofl ocal i z e de l e c t r oni c s t at e soft r ans i t i oni onsi ns ol i ds .Oneoft he aut hor s( K.S. )hasbe e nwor ki ngwi t hMCDA ort r ans i t i onat omsi nGaAs : Cr ,bywhi c hi t hasbe e npr ove dt hatt heme t hodi sve r ymuc h eFe c t i vei nt hechar ac t e r i z at i onofCrc e nt e r s l ･ 2 ) Ho we ve r ,MCDA i nt he s e ic m onduc t or . me as ur e me nt s us ua ll yr e qul r eaS l l L hc i e nt l y t hi c ks ampl et oas s ur eanappr e c i abl eabs or pt i on i nt e ns l t y.To obs e r ve MCDA i nt hi n s ampl e si nwhi chonl yal i t t l eabs or pt l Oni se xpe c t e d,wec an us eMCPL ( magne t oc i r cul ar phot ol umi ne s c e nc e )i ns t e ad orc onve nt i onal MCDA me as ur e ment s .Char ac t e r i z at i on or e l e c t r oni cs t at e si nt r ans i t i onat omsi ns ol i ds byt heMCPL t e c hni que shavebe e nr e por t e d 2Ga , 0】 2( GSGG) : onMgO: Cr 3 日)and Gd} Sc Cr3+.4) Howe ve r ,t o our knowl e dge no de t ai l e d r e por t shav ebe e npubl i s he dont hemagne t oc i ト ● pr e s e n la d d r e s s : Mi t s u b i s h iEl e c t r i cCO.I t a mi6 6 4 .
｢■ ■ ■ ｢
c ul ardi c hr oi s m atl ow t e mpe r at ur e si nr uby c r ys t al s ,onl ye xc e pt i onbe i ngMCDA ort he e ta / . 5 )a ndr oomt e mBl i nei nr ubybyAoyagl pe r at ur eme as ur e me ntorMCPLor良l i neby a. 6 ) Mor i t We c ons t r uc t e d an MCPL appar at us e mpl oyl ngapi e z obi r er r i nge ntmodul at orand anAr十一 i onl a s e rf orphot ol umi ne s c e nc ee xc i t at i on.Us i ngt hi sappar at usweme as ur e dt he MCPL s pe c t r ai ns i ngl ec r ys t a l sofr uby.We madet heanal ys i sont hel i ne s hap e oft heR1 i ne sac c or di ng t ot he l i gand一 丘e l dt he or y. 7 ) Howe ve r ,t heana l ys i swasunabl et oe xpl ai n an anoma lousma gne t i c ie f l d de pe ndenc eof s oe va l uat e d MCPL l i ne s hapeorRトS) Weal MCDA s pe c t r af orwi de r ange ofphot on e ne r gl e S .
$ 2. Exper i me nt al Si ngl ec r ys t lsofr a uby,A l2 03 : Crgr ownby t heVe r noui l l et e c hni quewe r es uppl i e df r om Shi nkos haLt d.Thenomi nalchr omi um c on c e nt r at i onsort hes ampl e swe r e0. 05and 1 at % .The s ec r ys t a l swe r ec utpe r pe ndi c ul art o t het r i gona l( C3 )a xi soft hec or undum s t r uc t ur e.Thec ut t l ngWa spe r f or me dal i gnl ngt he -
Ka l S u a k i S A T O,Ma s a k a z uHI R A1 a n dTa k a h i k oTA MA K l
( Vo1 .61 ,
F i g ,1 .S c h e ma t i cd i a g r a mo rme a s u nn ga p p a r a t
c r ys t a la xi sbyXr a yLauephot ogr aphy.Bot h s ur f a c e swe r emi r r or pol i s he dus i ngt hedi a mo F n i g dp ur e1i a s t e. l l us t r at e san t he ma gne t oc i r c ul ar a p p h p o ar a t usus e df or ( MCPL)me as ur e me nt s .Thes a t ol umi ne s c e nc e on t he c ol df inge roft he H mp e r l e swe r es e t c r yos t a ti ns e r t e dbe t we e J lt hep f ige r r a t or t hee l e c t r oma gne twi t ol e pl e C e SOr t he m and c ool e d dh pe r f or a t i ont hr ough Magne t i che l d B upo t w on1t o a bout 25K. xi sor . pa r a l l e lt ot heC3a 3T wasa ppl i e d Wee mpl oye dt he48 8mml t he i n c r e y o s t r al s . l a s e rasaphot ol umi ne anAr +i on s our c e,wi t ht hepow s c e nc e( PL)e xc i t a t i on Thel a s e rbe a m was e r r o o c r us 1 e 0 db 0mW. y T orpl a c e di nf r ontoft hehol eo as ma l lmi ト pl e ft hepol e C e,Ont hec PLe mi r y s t als ur f a c ef r om whi c ht he Thes s l i u o mi nw ne a s s c e c n o t l l e c e t e mi d. s s t hr ought hehol eatt hepoi l o e n p goi ng Out l e c t e dbyal e ns .Thel i ghtwa s l e C eWasC O卜 t hr oughapi e z obi r e r r i nge ntm t r ans mi t t e d I nt e r na t i onl aI nc.TypePEMoC du F l 3 a t or( Hi nds byal i ne arpol ar i z e r .The )f ol l owe d l e a dt o aJ ASCO CT25 a A na g l y z e dl i ghtwas c hr omat orandde t e c t e dbyaph r a t l ng mOnO( Hamama t s uR928 ) .Theout put o t on mu l t i pl i e r s i g a l phot omul t i pl i e ri s ampl i he d by a l o o r c k t h i n e a mp l i Ac i a r e c r u . l ar l ypol ar i z e dl i ghte m r ubyc r ys t ali nt hema gne t i c缶 i e t l t e df r omt he v e r t e di nt oanampl i t ude modul at e dw d a sc ont hepha l i g h t w i t h s ede t e r mi ne dbyt hes e ns eo r c i r c ul a r pol ar i z a t i on.
u so fMCPL. s c a nort hemonoc hr omat or ,t he ewav e l e ng t h s c anne rwa sdr i v e ns t e pby wave l e ng t h mand f r om a pe r s on s t e pus l ngaC OmMCPL s i gna l sf or ba o lc t ho p mp lut e rand t he pol a r i t i e sofma gne t i cae l d,a us sw an e l d mi nus s l g na lort hePLi nt e ns l t ya tt he last he ie f l dwasr e c or de da te a c h z e r oma gne t i c a ve r a ge df orl 0t ol … r e s t e p.Dat awe r e me れt sa te a c h wav e l e ng t h.T pe h a t e dme a s ur e 一 wa sc al i br at e dwi t ht hepe akpo ew s i ta ve l e ngt h e is m s i onofr uby, whi c hc anbede i on no t e r i m e dfR pc i s e l yf ora ny t e mpe r a t ur e sus l ng r e por t r e e p e s c . t 9 ) r aormagne t oc i r c ul a v aS l u e d s or pt i on ( MCDA)we r e me rd a s i c u h r r e o d i s morabha l oge nt ung s t e I ll a mpa sawhi t el i us i ng a ghts our c e, t hebe a mofwhi c hwasl e dt ot hes a t heba c ka ndt hel i ghtt r ans mi t t e d mpl ef r om s a mpl ewa sm t hr ought he MCPLme a s uodul a t e dandde t e c t e dasi nt he Phot ol umi n r e e s m c e e n n c t ee s y x s t c e i m. t a t i o t heRl i newasme a s ur e dus i ng ns pe c t r um or pr e s s ur eXe l a mpa sal i gh as upe r hi ghwi t ht hes amemon t S our c ec ombi ne d J ASCO CT25 c mo o c n h o r c o h ma rt or .Weus e da s a me phot omul t i pl i e rf ord oma et or and t he d e r f o r me l umi ne s c e nc e.Noc or r e c t i onw t e a c sp t i on o rt h e r o√t hes pe c t r aldi s t r i but i l onort hee xc i t at i on
3 9 3 . 1 . . P Rh e s o u t ) o t / sandDi s c us s i or L i g ht s Fi gur e2i l u l u mi s t n r a e t s e c s e n p c h e ot ol umi ne Toa voi dt heambi gul t yi n
Mq gne t oc t ' r c ul q rPhot ol umi 〝e s c e nc eE ' nRu b y
I 9 92)
- OT ---1. 3T
l
( ' n. D)
( nt ) ) FJ一SUa L u Jd
0. 05v J t%
---[. Ov I † %
ご 一 SUa LUL Jd
′ ′
6920
6960
Wq v e L e n g l hは ) F i g .2. P Ls ec p t r ao fr ub yc r y s t a l swi t hc h r o mi u m c o n c e n l r a t i o norO. 05a n dI. 0a l %me a s u r e da t25K.
= l ⊂ ) ｣0
c e nt r a t i onsor0. 05a t % and la t % i nt he wav e l e ng t hr e g i onbe t we e n691 5Aand701 5A a t25K.Thel i ne sat6 91 9A and693 4A have be e nknowna sRl andR2 ,r e s pe c t i v e l y.Ana ddi t i ona lpe aki sobs e r ve da t7 0 9A i ns a mpl e s wi t hhi g hCトC OnC e nt r at i on,whi c hha sbe e n name da saN21 i nea n dbe l i e ve dt obec aus e d byt heCr pa i r .0) Th er e l at i vePL i nt e ns i t i e s a mongt wos ampl e sar enots oa c c ur a t ei nt hi s 負g ur e,be c aus et hec ondi t i onsofme a s ur e me nt ar es l i ht g l ydi fe r e ntf ore ac hr un. 3. 2 MCPLs pe c t r ao fRJa ndR2/ L ' ne sL ' n0 . 0 5
at % Cr do pe dc r ys t a l Ma gne t oc i r c ul ar phot ol umi ne s c e nc e ( MCPL)s pe c t r aorR l i ne si nt he0. 05at % c hr omi umdope dc r ys t a lwe r eme a s ur e da t25 K unde rs e v e r l magne a t i cf i e l dsf r om 0. 49t o 1 . 3T.Theobt a i ne ds pe c t r aort heRl l i neand t heRrl i near es howni nFi g.3a ndFi g.4,r e s pe c t i ve l y.I nt heuppe rpar tofe ac hf igur ewe pr e s e ntphot ol umi ne s c e nc e( PL)S pe c t r aoft he s amec r ys t alme a s ur e dwi t ht hemagne t i cf ie l d β-0and1 . 3T.Ze e mans pl i tl i ne swe r enot f ul l yr e s ol ve dwi t ht hehi ghe s tmagne t i c丘e l d appl i e di nt hepr e s e nts t udy.Ont hec ont r ar y, apr omi ne nts t r uc t ur ec oul dbeobs e r v e de ve n att hes ma l lf ie l da s0. 5T. i ne s ha pe sof s s A e e ni nFi g.4t heMCPLl R2 l i nea r ec ommonf orwhol er angeoft he ma gne t i cf ie l ds ,s how i ngat ypi c ls a ymme t r i c al di s pe r s i ont ypes pe c t r um.Ont heot he rhand, t he MCPL l i ne s hape of Rl l i ne de pe nds
( L U ≡
I
I ■ . ヽ I l t t 一 ヽRー
一一一 ′ 一J .3T L ′ . ､ ヽ ヽ -一 一 -. . 0, ヽ＼ 7 ＼ ---0. 78T : 一 ＼ ヽ -. . -. . . 0. 49T , ' I ､‥ L t . : : : I . : / . ヾ ､ ' ､ J . ､
t t 頓 V : I . I
/ ∫ . I /
､ ､
l j I :
t t ; t ! . . i l l, i ? i' ; ! '
693 髄 3
wo
i ' ! 6 ' 93 l 4 6935
l 6936
v e l e 叩† h F i g .3. P L( u p p e r h a l f )a n d( M AC )P LO o we r a l f )S t r ao fR一 一 l i n ei na0. 05a t %Cr d o p e dA1 2 h e p Cn 25冗f o rs e v e r lv a a l u e so fma 0)c r y s t la a t g
s t r ongl yont hemagr l e t i c負e l da e t i c s 丘 s e l e d . Thel i ne s ha pebe c ome ss i mpl ei n ni nFi g.3. 丘e l dappl i e d,whe r e a si ti snots i mpl t hehi ghe s t t e r me di at ema ei nt hei ng n e t i c 丘e l d s .t 3. 3 MCDA s p e c t r a o f he O. 0 5%Cr R/ I L ne L ' n Fi gur e5S ho wo ss p e c t r ao rma g d pe dA l 2 03 di c hr oi s m ofa bs or pt i on( MCDAne t oc i r c ul ar nt heRl 1 i ne. The a s ymme t r i c a ll i ne )i MCDA i squi t eS i mi l a rt ot hat s ha pe or t he s how oft heMCPL ni i g .3. Si n c enF t he MC DAi sF r e ef r om t t i on e fe c t ,t he a s y mme t r i c l l a her e abs or pma gne t oc i r c ul ar di c hr oi s m c i ne s hape i n r e l a t e dwi t ht her e a bs or pt l Ona a t n l n e ot be c oト at % Cr d a s tf or0. 05 Eve ni nt ope h ds ec a a mp s ew l e. he r eM me nti spos s i bl e ,Wec ans howCa DA me a s ur e t he MCPL me as ur e me nt : dv ant ag e sor pe r i me nt sar ee a s i e rt hanMC T D h A, e MCPL e xhi ghr e s ol ut i onme a s ur e me ntw be c a us et he
Ka t s u a k i S A T O,Ma s a k a z uHI R Al a n dTa k a h l k oTA MA K J
( Vol .61 ,
(nD)Al S .L U a l U) ｣d
wi dt hr e duc e st hel i ghti nt e ns l t y.Nowt ha t weha vec onf ir me dt hes i mi l t r a l s ha pebe t we e nMCPL ar i t yOft hes pe c e mpl oy MCPL s pe c t r uma n a d sMCDA,Wec a n ma gne t o0pt l C alme a s ur e me nti e nt a s i e h rwa y of
3 . 4 Ma g n e t t ' cPe i n v e s t i ga t i o n . ef ur t he r E e gr a t e dMCP / d Lo d f e pe nde nc eo ft heL ' nWe c a l c ul a t e dt he i n t e g r at e d va l R / / L ' n e z e r ot hmome nt )ort heMCPLs pe c t r um ue or ( t he RIl i nef ore a c hma gne t i che l doft hem he .The r e s ul t sar e pl ot t e da ga l n S t me nt e a s ur e ma g ne t i c丘e l di nFi g.6t og t he t e g r a t e dPLi nt e ns l t y. e t he rw it ht hei nde vi a t e sF r om z e r ot ot T hen hei e nt e gr at e dMCPL 丘e l di nc r e a s e sunt i li tt akg at i ves i dea st he a ar ound0. 5 5T.The ni tappr o e san e xt r e mum ma gne t i che l dr e a c he sat1 c he sz e r oa st he Weonl yr e mi ndt he T. t e r me di a t ema gne t i c f a c tt ha ti nt hei nt we e nt heZe e man- he l dt hel e v e lc r os s i ngbe i nFi g.8,whi c h s pl i tl e ve l soc c ur sass hown 96920
eng†h el A ( )
6921
w ov
69[ 8
e D1
e gth n
l d o a
一) spec h al
ower
PL(l
l R r traof PL( Fi al一) andMC upperh g 4.
2 03 C r y s t a i n ei na0 . 0 5a t %Cr d o p e dA1 l a 1
y 25Kf o rs e y e r a l
3. 5 SL ' mu/ q t t onw il lbee xpl a i ne di ni 3. 5. / t ' g a ndj i e / dt o h fMC e PLs pe c t r au s L ' n gt he l n Fi g s .7( a )a nd o 7r ( b)Weg i vea ne ne r y t i onso gy di a gr a mr e l a t e dt oRI I i net r ans i unde rt hema gne t i cf ie l 3' fCr t hec or undums xi sof t r uc t ur e.TheRl C3 a a n dR 1 umi ne s c e nc el i ne sha vebe e na s s o c i a t 2 e phot of r o ( 2 E ) t o4 A dt h a t t h et a n i t i o sf r o m dw i t h mr 2 Ås ( ヱ En ) t o4 A Z ,亘 r e s p e c t i v e l y .2 an
RL
′ . ヽ ' ヽ､ ､ ､一一 一 一0. 一 一 l . 7 0 8 0T T T ､ ､ . ､ -0. I ● _49 T
a l u e so fma g n e t i c 丘 e l d. I. S O
( N ≡ U C V ) 9 S 1 一 n D
≠ 駕 n ､ t l . i こ Jf J I J
＼∼ ､
6932
693 3
6934
6935
6936
6937
F i g .5 .MCDAs W p A e V c t E r L ao E N r GT H( A) d o edAl p 2 03 RI l i n ei na0 . 0 5a t %Crt i cf i e l d. c r y s t la a t25Kf ma g r L e o rs e v e r a lv a l u e so f
S l i t
1 992 )
Mo gne t oc i r c ul a rPhot ol umi ne s c e nc eL ' nRub y
g引 . 96 -1 ′2 ∪ u_ _
l ′ 2
3 1/ -′2 2
. 98
( a) g=F . 98
g=( ( b)
l′2
Fi g .7. E n e r g yky e ld i a g r a moft h e3 d ls t a t ei nCr J +i o ni nl r ) g O n a lc r y s t a l R e ] dw 3′2 i t hr a d i a t i v et r a n s i t i o np b a b i l i t i e sa s s o c i a t e dwi t ht h eRl i n e su n d e rma g n e t i ch e l d.( a )R)l i n ea n d( b )R2l i r o -
Thet r ans i t i on mat r i xe l e me nt sc al c ul a tal. 8 )a r egl Ye ni nTabl eI ･I nt bySuganoe e d pr e s e nt c on丘gur at i on onl yt he t r ans i t i t he de not e d as♂+and α_ ar ec ons i der e d.ons gr oundmul t i pl e t4 The A之i ss ubj e c tt ot hez e ie f l d s pl i t t i ng 60 . The magne t i c ir f ode pe nde nc eort hegr ounds t at el e ve l sdue e l d t heZe e mans pl i t t l ngl Sgl Ve ni nFi g.8.Thet o Val ueort hegr ound s t at ei sas s ume dt o g1 . 9 8 .Levelcr os s i ngsbe t we e nI +3/ 2 ) be l +1 / 2 )or I -1 / 2 )oc c ura tt hemagn e a nd 2Tand0. 丘e l dofO. t i c We t ook i nt o a 4 c T c o . unt t he Bol t z m di s t r i but i onore l e c t r onsamongt hel e ve l s ann t hec al c ul a t i onoft het r ans i t i onpr obabi l i t yi n t heb i t et e mpe r at ur e. Forl umi ne s c e nc et r n at a t i on popul at i on di s t r i but i on i nt he e xc is i mani f ol ds houl d be c ons i de r e d.Howe v t e d r e s i nc et het e mpe r at ur eor25K us e di nt hepe , r
n e . 2 t Ze e mans pl i t t i ngore xc i t e ddoubl e ti s0. he atmos t ,t hemaxi mum popul at i onr at i oome rV hi ghe s tt ot hel owe s tZe e mans pl i tl e ve l s t he 0. 9 0.The r at i o appr oac he suni t yf or i s magne t i cRe l d.The r ef or e,t heas ymme t r yl ow s e r ve di nt hel owmagne t i cae l dc annotbeobt ibut r e dt ot hepopul at i ondi fe r e nc e.Thi sw at bes howni nt her ol l owl il l Thel i ne s hapewa ss i mu ng. l at e das s umi ng Gaus s i anf unc t i on,t hel i ne wi dt hofwhi c ht he de t e r mi ne ds oast heobs e r ve dl i ne s hapeor was phot ol umi ne s c e nc e( PL)c oul dber e pr oduc t he 3. 5. 1 Si mul a t e dMCPLl L ' ne s hq peo ft hee d.
t r a n s F ' t
RJ
i o n ThePLl i ne s h ape soft heRl l i nes i mul a f orvar iousva lue soft hemagne t i che l dar e t e d l us t r at e di n Fi g.9.Thi l spr oyi de sa qui +3 i t e ′
Ta b l eL Tr a n s i t i o nma t ixe r l e me n t sb e t we e ng r o s t a t e s. A2 a n de x c i t e dmu l t i p l e t sZ E( 2 Aa n dE)f u n d o r a n dRl e is m s i o RZ
◆l ′2 2 -1 ′2
n s . 2Å I / 2〟.
3 / 2 1 / 2 -1 / 2 13 / 2
-1 / 2〟_ -1 / 2〟.亘1 /
7 r / 2 g./3
q_/ 6
g+/ 6 0_/ 3 7 r / 2
n/ 6 q./ 3 2 g_/
02〟_ 2 0+/ 7 _/ 3 r / 6
-3
s e nts t udy i se qul Val e ntt o 2me V and
Ka L s u a k iS A T O,Ma s a k a l uH】 R Al a n dTa k a h i k oT心t A K l
93569366937
( t n. 〇一二 I Su● U一｣e I 32693369546 69 li orseveral nef -tud esof magni ) wovel en9th(A Si Fi 9 spectraofR a(edPL mul g . .
691 8
691 9
6920
6921
69
22 Fi g ･I L S i mu l v v Q V e l e r ' q f h( A) a lma s e v e r a t e d C P L s p e c t r aO fRz l i n ef o r g n i t u d e sM o f m a g n e t i c i f e l d s .
3. 5 I . n 3 t e g I r n at e gr at e dMCPLt ' nt e ns L t y wa sal s oc a d lMCPL i nt e ns l t yf ort heRtl i ne i nt e ns l t yV c ul at e d.Howe ve r ,t hec a l c ul at e d magne t i cf ia e l r d i e sonl ymonot onous l ywi t ht he i t e dZ e e ma n l e v e l s c a us e a mongt hee xc d u et ot hep o p u l a t i o nd i qe r e nc e
Fi g .1 0 .S i mu l a t e m d a g M n e C t i P cL f i e l s d p s e . c t r aOr R一 s e v e r a lma g n i t u d e sor 一 l i n eF or
s at i s f ac t or yr e pr oduc m t i a o g no n e t i c r汽 e l d s . s pe c t r as howni nt heuppe rt hee xpe r i ment al t he ot he r hand, c o hal rorFi g.3.0n l i ne s hape,t hes i mul at i onc p r o v e n l ng t he MCPL me t r i c aldi s pe r s i ont ypes pe i de daqui t eS ym一 Fi g.1 0,whi c hc oul dnotac c c o t r um ass howni n me t r i c alf e at ur eort hee xp untf ort heas ym一 r angeoft hemagne t i c e r i me ntF orwhol e 3. 5. 2 St ' mu/ al e dMCP i f L e l dc / i o n s i de r e d .keR2 ne s h a p eo fE Thes t r i mu ans l L a t i t o e d nR2 l i nei s Veni nFi g.l Thi sgl Ve Saqui t eS at i s f ac t ogl l . t hee xpe r i ment all i ne s haper ye xpl anat i onof Thi sagr e e me ntmayber e l a s howni nFi g.4. t hatt he 1 t e dwi t ht her ac 上 3/ 2 )s t at e sar eno t r ans i t i onorR2 S ti nvol ve di nt he Ot hats pe c t l i n e t r a n s i t i ot n ･ nol e ve lc r os s l ngSunl i ket heRr l aa r es u b j e c t o
Bo T l t h z i ma sr e n s nd ul t i s t r i but i on. dbyt he t al mag c oul dnote xpl ai nt hee xpe r i me nt e gr at e dne t i c 丘e l d de pe ndenc e of t he i n丘e l dde pei nt e ns l t yS howi ng a c onve xs hape 1 ti sge n n e d r a e l n l y c easi l l us t r at e di nFi g.6. t e ns i t yofa ac c e pt e dt hatani nt e gr at edi nat e dwi t hac e ma r t a gne t oopt l C als pe c t r um as s oc i t hemat e r i al i nt r ans i t i onvani s he sasf aras or bi t al angu s h o ws noma g n e t i c or d e r an dt he l a r mo me nt u m i s c o mp l e t e qu T e n h c ep he di r e s nt e nhegr ounds t at e. l y s ugge s t se te xpe r i me nt alr e s ul t st he r ef or e or de rort h i t e he rt hepr e s e nc e ora magne t i c bi t alang i nc ompl e t eque nchi ngort heor armome nt um.Thef ac tt hati nt e gr at e ul t er me dd i at MC emPL t ake samaxi mum atani nopt i c al l yi ndu a gne t i cf ie l dr e i ndsust m hatt he dayefe c t )ofc e dmagne t i z at i on( i nve r s eFar analmagne tr ubywasobs e r ve dw it ht hee xt e r i cf i e l dof0. whi c ht hel 2 07and 0. 41 4T,at s i e ve lc r os s i ngOC C ur S ･‖)Ho we ver , l i n n e c s e hap we er e obs e r ve t he anomal ous MCD pr e s e nc eofgar dl e s sofl as e ri nt e ns i t y,t he s e e msl e s s opt l C al l yi nduc e d magne t i z at i on me t r i c all i np e s r h obabl easac aus eoft heas ym一 i 30 U P = I I : 6 9r け mo l a me u ang u an pt e t hant hes ur vi valoror bi t al
Mc g ne t oc i r c ul q rPJ z ot o/ umL' ne s c e nc ei nRub y
0
( . n.0) ｣4N9LS
'
VDU≡
R
Y 000 6CO
棚0
5
R
U
Ub cnd
es pe c t r a lr a n g e l n Fi g. 1 2( a) we s d ma gne t oc i r c ul ar di c hr o how a s pe c t r um of ( MCDA) f or t he wi di s m or abs or pt l On e e ne r gi e sc ove r i ngt he良e l i nr ange of phot on ,,t heUba n d( 4 T2 ) ,t he( ,t heR′ l i ne 2 E) Ybands( 4 T. ) .Thet e mpe r B2),a nd l i n me ntwa s25Kandt hemag at ur eofme as ur e T.Forc ompar i s on,wepr e s ne t i c丘e l dwa s1 . 3 me s c e nc ee xc i t at i on s pe c te ntanphot ol umi 一 e is m s i onsme as ur e d at2 r um ort he 良l i ne s howi ngt heu ba n d,t he5K i , n Fi g.1 2( b) ,Whi c hB i band abs or pt 1 0nS l i neandt heYs ameast heabs or pt i ons pe s e s s e nt i al l yt he Mc Cl ur e. 1 ヱ )Byc ompar l ngt c t r um r e por t e dby 氏nd t hatt heMCDA l i nehet woBgur e s ,we hl i g and 丘 yno me ans"s ymme t r i c l"f a ore a s c h ap e sa r eb
( 2 T)
e ( Z T
8 o 6
( a T T ｡)
4
J ll cl I _ U t J L l
2 O . o
4 ( X YX )nJ Bl 5 l ( 冗 t ) 0∩
600
0 v l o v ● l ● r T g I h( A)
7 t X ) 0
Fi g .1 2 .( a )MCDAs ec p t t b u r )ma n d(b)P s p e c t r um ofRl l i n el u m in e s c e n c el nLe x c i t a t i o n n g e a 1 2 5 K . d o p e dAl 2 0】c r y s t a lf o rwi d es p e c t r a lr a r0 . 0 5 a t % C
69 2 8
0 6 922 692 4e 6 9 2 6 of Rl 6 l 9 i n t 6 e. 69J 8 6 92 s h a e p Wqv el e n gT h(
6 952 6 93 6 Wovel engT h. ( a)
( A)
s or T p h t eMC i on. DA oft heR′ l i e l dabt ake sonl ypos i t i veval ue s , neandt heYband Uband i sc ompos e d of whi l et hatort he ne gat i ves t r uc t ur e s.Fortbot h pos i t i veand ofMCDA s t r uc t ur e sar eo heU b band,numbe r e ne r gys i de,c or r e s pondi ngs e r ve di nt hel ow t ur e sorUbandabs or pt i ont ot he丘nes t r uc a s c ibe r dt oz e r ophon ,whi c hhavebe e n ) 3 )I ti sf oundt s i de ba n ds . onh hne a nd v ibr oni c me ntofMCDA doe snotvatt hez e r ot hmot ot a le ne r gyr e gl OnOfobs e r ni s he ye nf ort he s houl dal s obet ake ni nt oac c o v u at i on.Thi sr ac 暮 l MCD a l i n s i onoft heas ymme t r i c nti n t hedi s c us -
6940
3. 6 MC DAs pe c t r at ' nawl '
Ka t s u a k iS A T O,Ma s a k a z t JHL R AI a n dTa k a h i k oTA ゝ t A K l De t ai l e da nal ys I SOrMCDA s pe c t r awi l lbe di s c us s e di nl at e rpubl i c a t i on.
l
( Vol .61,
Cr一% 28K
3. 7 PLa ndMCPLs pe c t r ai nhe a v t ' l ydo pe d
s a mpl e
6 0 996
7000
7 0 0 4 7 0 08 wc v e l e n q † h( a ) (
28K
701 2
70 1 6
A) ･ 3T
一 一 . 一一 一. 0 . 0 78 0 . 4 9
⊃ Bo ｣ i U
≡
､ I ' . ヽ y ノ t ヽ I
l と l ' ! ' 三 l 一 : ? . l : 一 ! . ･ I j i . I. . ぺ
7000
7( X) 4 7 I ¥ 0 J , 08 Wqvel engTh( A l b
(nD )
C 2r 8lK%
70I 2
701 6
)
)-I . 3 T -l . 0 -0 . 7 8 一一一 一049
一＼ l V
dU
l nhe a v i l y dope dc r y s t al s ,良l i ne sbe c ome i nea pbr oa de ra nda ddi t i ona ll i ne ss uc ha sNrl pe a r .Fi gur e s1 3 ( a )and1 3( b)pr e s e ntMCPL s pe c t r ai nt he1a t % Cr dope dA1 2 03C r ys t al f orRl -and Rrl i ne s ,r e s pe c t i ve l y.Spe c t r al s hapeofR)i sal s oa s y mme t r i cl i kei nt he0. 05 a t %s a mpl e.I naddi t i ont ot he6 93 4A s t mc t ur e,i ss e e nana ddi t i onals t r uc t ur ea r ound 6 93 8A.Ont heot he rhand,t heMCPLs pe c t r a ls ha peofR2 l i nei squi t eS ymme t r i c a las s howni n Fi g.1 3 ( b) .I nt hi ss a mpl es e v e r a la ddi t i ona lPLl i ne sar eobs e r v e dar ound7 0 00A a ss howni nFi g.1 4( a ) ,whi c hwasnotobs e Ⅳe di nt he0. 05a t %s ampl e.Thes t r onge s t l i nea t7 08A hasbe enc a l l e dt heN2 l i ne, whi c hha sbe e nbe l i e ye dt oa r i s ef r om pa i r sor Cri ons. チ ) TheMCPLs t r uc t ur e sa s s oc i a t e dwi t ht he s e PL l i ne sa r epr e s e nt e di n Fi g.1 4( b) .The s t r onge s tPLl i neat708Ag i ve sr i s et oonl ya we ak MCPL s t uc r t ur e.Thi sc an bemor e c l e a r l y unde r s t ood whe n one pl ot st he ,i . e. ,a ma gne t oc i r c ul a rpol ar i z a t i on( MCP) r a t i oort heMCPLt ot hePLi nt e ns i t y.The C ) ,i nwhi c h MCPs pe c t r aa r egi ve ni nFi g.1 4( oneandst ha tt hepe akt ope akva l ueofMCP i nt he7 ( 泊8A s t r uc t ur ei sl e s st hant ha tof T αX) As t r uc t ur e. Thi sr a c 上c ane as i l ybeunde r s t oodi fone t ake si nt oa c c ountt hef ac tt ha tonl yas mal l ma g ne t oopt l C le a fe c ti se xp ec t e df orane mi s s i onf r om t hea nt i f e r r oma gne t i c al l yc oupl e d pa l 一 ,l nWhi c ht hene tc ha nge si nt hes pl n mome nt sar ec anc e l e da tt het r ans i t i on.
q L
crl % ー l TA . t T i : l ' ＼ t t L t . / . ■ , ★ ' 1 1 l g ､ 訣
-
I . . 1
l ･ I
糾. Con c l us i or L
Weme as ur e dma gne t oc i r c ul arphot ol umi ne s c e nc e ( MCPL) and ma gne t oc i r c ul ar di c hr oi s m ofa bs or pt i on( MCDA)s pe c t r aor 】十i onsi nr uby Rl i ne sa ndpai r l i ne sorCr c r y s t a l s .TheMCPLandt heMCDAs pe c t r um or 0. 05a t % s a mpl e s how t he s i mi l ar l i ne s hape .TheMCPL oft heRle mi s s i on s howe daqul t ea s ymme t r i c a ll i ne s hapewhi c h c oul d notbee xpl ai ne d by t he s i mul at i on ba s e dont hes i mpl el i gandf i e l dt he or y.I n-
6996
! t l 7 i . 0 J 00
㌔, ′ , / 4
