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functioning scores among patients from admission to discharge from hospital. This study ... interdisciplinary rehabilitation treatment is focused on preventing ...
Journal of American Science, 2011;7(7)

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Correlates of Physical and Psychosocial Functioning Among Burn Patients Salwa A. Mohamed*1 and Hanan Soliman2 1

Medical Surgical Department, Faculty of Nursing, Fayoum University Adult Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University *[email protected]

2

Abstract: The burn injury can one of the most serious and devastating injuries among people of all ages. The aim of the study was to identify correlates of physical and psychosocial functioning among burn patients. The study was conducted at the burn units of El-Mansoura University Hospital. Design: descriptive correlational design was used. Tools which were used for data collection: 1) Sociodemographic data and clinical data. 2) Brief Burn Specific Health Scale is adopted from (Kildal et al., 2001), to assess physical and psychosocial function in individual suffering from burn injury. The results of this study showed a statistically significant improvement in the physical and psychological functioning scores among patients from admission to discharge from hospital. This study concluded that Patients with burn injury suffer from a multitude of physical problems that alter their physical and psychosocial functional. Consequently, regular and comprehensive nursing intervention for follow up of these patients is necessary for life saving. Burn patients experience low functional outcome on the admission of hospital, which slightly improves during, by the discharge from hospital. This study recommended replication of the study on a larger probability sample from different geographical areas, to achieve more generalizable results. [Salwa A. Mohamed and Hanan Soliman. Correlates of Physical and Psychosocial Functioning Among Burn Patients. Journal of American Science 2011; 7(7): 313-318].(ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.americanscience.org. Key words: Burn injury, Physical, Psychological functioning Burns represent an extremely stressful experience for both the burn victims as well as their families. An extensive burn profoundly affects the patient's physical, psychological, economic and family. Patients who suffer from extensive burn injuries frequently die, while others suffer from painful physical recovery. In addition to their dramatic physical effects, burn injuries frequently cause deleterious psychological complication (Hosseini et al., 2007 , Jaiswal et al., 2007). The aims of the present study were to identify correlates of physical and psychosocial functioning among burn patients.

1. Introduction: The burn injury can one of the most serious and devastating injuries among people of all ages. Burn injury resulting in tissue loss or tissue damage. This tissue injury occurs when energy from heat source is transferred to the tissues of the body, as a result of direct contact or exposure to any thermal, chemical, electrical, or radiation are termed burns (Gomez and Cancio, 2003). Burns severity depends on its depth and the body surface affected. Burn care classified according to the depth of tissue destruction and identified superficial, partial thickness and full thickness injuries (Edelman, 2007). Burn injuries cause significant physical and psychological complications that require comprehensive rehabilitation treatment and coordination with the acute care burn team. This interdisciplinary rehabilitation treatment is focused on preventing long-term problems with scarring, contractures, and other problems that limit physical function. Adequate pain management and recognition of psychological issues are important components of treatment after burn injuries (Esselman,2007). Kildal et al. (2002) showed that perceived health problems after burn injury can persist for several decades. In addition, between 13% and 23% of patients develop depression, and 13–45% develops posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after hospital discharge (Van Loey & Van Son, 2003).

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2. Subjects and Methods Research design: The research design used is a descriptive correlational design. This design allows the researcher to describe and summarize data obtained from empirical observation. Study setting: This study was carried out at the Burn Units of ElMansoura University Hospital. Subjects of study: The subjects of the present study were selected as a convenience sampling. They consisted of fifty patients with burn; the following inclusion criteria were included in this study: Age were 18- 60

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Journal of American Science, 2011;7(7)

http://www.americanscience.org

psychosocial status. At the first alert stage and pre discharge from hospital.

years old, both sex, post emergency (the patient was first able to respond to the questionnaire, and the pre discharge stage), willing to participate in the study and free from any chronic disease.

Statistical Analysis: Data entry and analysis were done using Statistical Package of Social Sciences SPSS version 18.0 appropriate statistical methods were applied. Frequency, mean, and standard deviation, Pearson correlations, t tests, chi-square analyses, and analyses of variance were used to examine associations between demographic and medical factors and key study variables. P value of .05 was considered significant for all statistics.

Tools of data collection: The data for this study were collected using three different types of tools: Demographic and clinical data: Demographic data and medical information sheet was designed by the researcher to elicit subjects, patient’s name, age, sex, and level of education, marital status, occupation, number of family members, length of hospital stay, site of burn, total body surface area, depth of burn, causative agent, & place of burn. Brief Burn Specific Health Scale (BSHS-B): It is adopted from Kildal et al.(2001). To assess physical and psychological functioning in individual suffering from burn injury. This scale was constructed to identify more specifically the morbidity and other sequelae of burn injury. It consists of 40 items and is used to measure dysfunction and distress across four domains of health physical, mental, social, and general. The physical domain has sub domains of simple ability, hand function, heat sensitivity, and treatment regimens. The mental domain has sub domains of body image and affective status. The social domain has sub domains of interpersonal relationship, sexuality, and work. Overall the instrument measures perceived psychosocial and physical status. It using a 4-point rating scale ranging from 0 (extreme(ly)) to 4 (not/none at all). For each category to give a total scores ranging from 0-160, higher indicated better physical and psychosocial status. Procedure: Permission was obtained from the Director of ElMansoura University Hospital for conducting the study in the burn unit. Informed patients consents were obtained before data collection after explaining the purpose and nature of study to them. Subjects were informed about their voluntary right to accept or refuse participation in the study, and confidentiality was assured. At the beginning of the study demographic data were collected by interviewing subjects individually, while medical information was obtained from patients medical records. Brief Burn Specific Health Scale was measured by BSHS-B that was filled by the investigator through a structured interview for each subject within 20-30 minutes to measures physical and

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3. Results: Table 1: showed the demographic characteristics of patients involved in the study. The highest percentages of the studied were less than 25 years old. Also more than third (36%) were secondary school. The same table illustrated that more half (54%) were men and half (50%) stayed in the hospital for less than 15 days. Table (2) revealed the frequency and percentage distribution of sample in relation to degree of burns and location of burns. It points that nearly two thirds (60%) of TBSA were (21-25%). Nearly one fourth incurred (24%) were (15-20%). While (16%) of TBSA were (26-30%). As regard location for burns is not mutually exclusive so that percentages add to more than 100%. The most common location for burns was arms (80%), while the burn location with the least occurrence was buttock (2%). Table (3) showed distribution of patient’s physical and psychosocial status scores on BSHS-B over two times of treatment. It indicates that there is an increase of mean scores of subject total physical and psychosocial status from (73.31) from admission to (88.70) before discharge. There was highly statistically significant difference between admission and pre discharge from hospital regard each domains of physical and psychosocial status (p