5th International Symposium forFarming Systems ...

5th International Symposium forFarming Systems Design7-10 September 2015, Montpellier, France ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Integrated Farming System for Sustainable Rural Livelihood of small and marginal farmers of North Eastern Transitional Zone (Zone-1) and North Eastern Dry Zone (Zone-2) of Hyderabad Karnataka Region U. K. Shanwad*± 1, R. L. Jadhav2, Santiago Lopez-Ridaura3, M. L. Jat4, Ivan Ortiz-Monasterio5 and A. G. Sreenivas6 1

Scientist (Agronomy), Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka State, India Subject Matter Specialist (Agronomy), Krishi Vigyana Kendra, Bidar, Karnataka State, India 3 Principal Scientist, Global Conservation Agriculture Program, CIMMYT, El-Bation Mexico 4 Sr. Agronomist, CIMMYT-INDIA Program, NASC Complex, New Delhi, India 5 Principal Scientist (Nutrient Division), CIMMYT, cd. Obregon, Mexico 6 Associate Professor, Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka State, India 2

∗ ±

Speaker Corresponding author: [email protected]

1 Introduction Integrated Farming System (IFS) is a complex interrelated matrix of soil, plants, animals, implements, power, labour, capital and other inputs controlled in part by farming families and influence to varying degree by political, economic, institutional and rest factors that operate at farm level. Under the existing agrarian structure, most of the rural farm families are of small and marginal in nature that are living below the poverty line with the continued threats to their livelihood security characterized by low in food security and income, unemployment, health problems, education etc. Due to this reason, these categories of farmers are poorly adopted to the changed farming scenario especially in rainfed areas (Lal and Miller, 1990). Further, this section of farming community is very much susceptible to the natural vagaries (drought & flood) and resulting in large scale migration to urban areas for seeking livelihood opportunities. Keeping in view of these problems, the innovation on IFS developed by University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur (UASR) addresses the following major constraints have been demonstrated on farmer’s farms in Zone 1&2 of Karnataka state during the year 2010 and 2011. To ensures the consolidation of the natural resource base at farm level and offers better opportunities for adoption of improved technology/ies with the target of enhancement of overall production and productivity of the farm. To provides an opportunity to arrive at appropriate combination of the enterprise through interlinking of different farm enterprises for the effective use of natural resources available at farm level and for recycling of nutrients on the farm. And this technique ensures in the creation of better awareness on the adoption of technology/ies which can lead to sustainable production process with on-farm employment creation to support livelihood of the rural farm families. 2 Materials and Methods On farm demonstrations (80 farm families) on integration of different components with crop in Integrated Farming system mode and recycling of resources within the system were organized in Zone 1 and 2 of northern Karnataka during 2010-2011. Villages and Farmers in the zone were randomly selected and rational information from Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA).This information was used for redesigning the farming activities to develop tailor made IFS modules for different farming situations. The ToT centers under identified agro-climatic zone had selected the farmers having 1 to 2 ha of agriculture land. Based on the PRA analysis suitable action plan was prepared and executed on the farms during 2010-11 and 2011-12. Based on need, choice and resources available on the farm, different allied activities such as horticulture, dairy and vermi compost pits were suitably incorporated into the production system with an aim of generating income and employment for the farm family through economically friendly model to get regular income, employment and livelihood security. The crop and animal residues were recycled for vermi composting for use in the crop field. Budgeting and accounting of all the farm activities were calculated using standard procedures. 3 Discussion North Eastern Transitional Zone (Zone-1) and North Eastern Dry Zone (Zone-2) of Karnataka cover Bidar, Gulbarga and Raichur districts with moderate climatic conditions. Looking to the agro-climatic zone 1 & 2 features, to improve the productivity levels of the farm, the farmers were advised to follow the action plan in which the technologies involved laid greater emphasis on the cultivation of pulses followed by cereals, oilseeds and vegetables. Sustainable Value Index for Net returns as influenced by IFS interventions in Zone 1 & 2 (n=80)

Susutainable Yield Index of Pulse crops as influenced by IFS interventions in Zone 1&2 (n = 47) 1.2

0.68

0.68 0.66

Redgram

0.64 0.62

Sustainable Yield Index

Sustainable Yield Index

0.7

Bengalgram

0.61

0.6

0.6

0.6

Blackgram Greengram

0.58

1

0 .97 0 .85

Redgram

Bengalgram

Blackgram

n = number of farme rs

277

0.75

0.75

Agri + Ho rti +AH

Agri + Horti +AH+OE

0.4 0.2 0

A gr i= A gri c ult ure H o r t i= H o rt ic ul tur e A H = A ni ma l H us bandr y O E = O t her E nt e r pr is e s n= num ber o f fa r me r s

Greengram

0.81

0.6

Agriculture

0.56

0.98

0.81

0.8

Horticulture

Anim al Husbandry

Other enterpris es

Ag ri. + Horti

IFS Components and their integration


The productivity enhancement after intervention and stability in crop productivity was noticed as indicated by higher sustainable yield index in crops adopted in all farms. In zone 1, 2 among cereals bajra recorded higher (0.60) sustainable yield index (SYI). Bengalgram recorded higher SYI than other pulses. The significant increase in productivity was recorded during the assessment year (2011) over the bench mark year in different food crops, commercial crops and vegetables grown. The increase in yield with different interventions in food grains mainly in bajra, sorghum, wheat was 41, 84, 80 per cent in zone 1 and 2, The change in productivity is variable and in constraint farming situations the interventions have greater impact and brought greater increase in yield (38 to 80 per cent) and stability in yield was noticed. This shows the impact of whole farm demonstration of IFS is significant because of improvement in natural resource base of the farmer and risk reduction. The tangible benefits of introduced vegetables production system were noticed in all the farm families and varied with crops and farming situations. In zone 1 and 2, brinjal, onion and cucumber noticed 36, 26 and 20 per cent higher productivity during 2011-12 as compared to benchmark year 2009-10. Sustainable yield index was higher with technological innovations in different vegetable crops. The new vegetable crops and varieties introduction in to the farms was one of the important interventions which enhanced the income of farm families, increased the cropping intensity, employment generation and nutritional security among farm families and surrounding rural house holds. Gill et al., (2009) also opined that, horticultural and vegetable crops can provide 2-3 times more energy production than cereal crops on the same piece of land and will ensure the nutritional security on their inclusion in the existing system. The whole farm analysis was done for different farming situations. The emphasis was given for the incremental changes with seasonal crops and with the other activities, with the introduction of new technologies, forced the farmers to re-organize substantial portions of their activities. Economic analysis was done by recording and the cost and income involved in crop production activities and for other farm enterprises. The monitory values used for comparing the alternatives that includes only those outputs sold for cash are those inputs purchased with cash. The sustainable value index in zone 1 & 2 ranges from 0.75 to 0.97. Higher sustainable value index were observed due to yield stability obtained with IFS interventions. Similar higher sustainable value index due to integrated farming system was also reported by Barik et al.,2010 and Jayanthi et. al., 2010. Table 1. Productivity and Sustainable Yield Index in field crops as influenced by IFS interventions in Zone 1 & 2 Zone 1 & 2 Food grains Wheat

Before intervention (BI) BI 5.00

2010 0.00

2011 9.00

2010 -

2011 80.00

Standard Deviation SD 1.80

After intervention (AI)

% Increase over BI

SYI SYI 0.32

Bajra

4.60

6.25

6.50

35.87

41.30

1.86

0.60

Sorghum Pulses Redgram

3.90 BI 4.90

7.03 2010 7.72

7.19 2011 8.00

80.26 2010 57.55

84.36 2011 63.27

1.82 SD 1.98

0.59 SYI 0.61

Bengalgram

7.40

9.44

9.60

27.57

29.73

2.32

0.68

Blackgram

4.70

5.26

5.70

11.91

21.28

1.82

0.60

Greengram

0.60

4.30

5.00

5.10

16.28

18.60

1.74

Oilseeds

BI

2010

2011

-

-

SD

SYI

Soybean

0 BI

10.06 2010

11.2 2011

2010

2011

1.537 SD

0.496 SYI

Cotton

17.5

24.5

36

40.00

105.71

3.81

0.62

Sugarcane

99.27

115

23

15.85

-76.83

7.71

0.62

Commercial crops

4 Conclusions The adoption of IFS results in reduction in the expenditure on external inputs namely, chemical fertilizers and plant protection chemicals along with the adoption of Integrated Crop Management Practices. In addition to this with the judicious use of critical inputs, the ill effects due to indiscriminate use of chemicals could be reduced to protect the environment. The IFS therefore refers to the farm as an entity with firm binding of inter departmental farming enterprises combination achieved to attain the overall development of the farm. In this regard IFS creates an opportunity to fine tune the agricultural technologies suiting to the farm situations. References Gill,M.S., Singh,J.P., and Gangwar,K.S. (2009). Integrated Farming System and Agriculture sustainability. Indian Journal of Agronomy54(2):128139. Lal, R. and Miller, F. P. (1990). Sustainable farming system for tropics. In: Sustainable agriculture: Issues and Prospective. Vol.I (Ed.) R. P.Singh.pp.68-89, Indian Society of Agronomy, IARI, New Delhi Jayanthi, C., Vennila, C., Nalini, K. and Myanavathi, V. S. (2010). Farmer participatory integrated farming sytem.In :XIX National symposium on ‘Resource Management Approaches Towards Livelihood Security”2-4 December,2010.pp.175. Barik, K. C., Mohanty, D., Nath, S. K., Sahoo, S. K. and Laba Soren. (2010). Assessment of integrated farming system for rainfed ecosystem in Deogarh district of Orissa. In.XIX National symposium on ‘Resource Management Approaches Towards Livelihood Security”2-4 December, 2010.pp.172.

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