5th International Symposium

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11th International Symposium Communication in the Millennium

CIM 2013

Organized by Association of Turkish and American Communication Scholars

In Cooperation with University of Texas at Austin (U.S.A.) Anadolu University (Turkey) Istanbul University (Turkey)

Hosted by St. Cloud State University,College of Liberal Arts, St. Cloud, Minnesota, U.S.A.

www.stcloudstate.edu

Dates May 20-24, 2013

Location St.Cloud, Minnesota (U.S.A.)

e- mail: [email protected]

The Association of Turkish and American Scholars (ATACS) The international symposium Communication in the Millennium has been organized since 2003 by scholars in Turkey and the United States, and each year the symposium organizers have noticed increasing interest in this academic event. Because of this interest, the co-founders and the organization committee of this symposium decided to form an association where both countries’ scholars are represented. The mission of the ATACS is to advance the communication profession in both countries through well-grounded academic research and to foster communication academics’ cooperation. The Communication in the Millennium is the established ATACS project, but the association will be working on different projects to serve its mission in the near future.

ISBN 978-975-98560-6-9

Copyright © 2013

HOW TO CITE PAPERS INCLUDED IN THE SYMPOSIUM CD? Please use this form: Yüksel, E., & Uçar, F. (2013). What do people think about the health content of Turkish press? Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium Communication in the Millennium, p.25–37. Pdf file, CD.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any from or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

The publisher has no responsibility for the content of the papers. The papers contained in this symposium book have been provided by authors. Authors are responsible for the contents of their own papers and they are also responsible for copyrighted materials in their studies in terms of legal issues.

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e-Book

ISBN 978-975-98560-6-9

CIM 2013 11th International Symposium Communication in the Millennium

The Association of Turkish and American Scholars (ATACS)

Symposium web page: http://cim.anadolu.edu.tr

e-mail: [email protected]

Adress: Anadolu Üniversitesi İletişim Bilimleri Fakültesi Yunusemre Kampusu 26470 Eskişehir, Türkiye

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Communication in the Millennium Co-Founders / Co-Chairs:   

Maxwell E. McCombs, Ph.D. , University of Texas at Austin, U.S.A. Erkan Yuksel, Ph.D, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, TURKEY Serra Gorpe, Ph.D., APR, Istanbul University, Istanbul, TURKEY

The Association of Turkish and American Communication Scholars (ATACS) Board Members:         

President: Maxwell E. McCombs, Ph.D. , University of Texas at Austin, U.S.A. Erkan Yuksel, Ph.D., Anadolu University, Turkey Serra Gorpe, Ph.D., APR, Istanbul University, Turkey Donald L. Shaw, Ph.D., University of North Carolina, U.S.A. Brad Hamm, Ph.D., University of Indiana, U.S.A. David Weaver, Ph.D., University of Indiana, U.S.A. Christine l. Ogan Ph.D., University of Indiana, U.S.A. Amy Schmitz Weiss, Ph.D., San Diego State University, U.S.A. Roseanna Gaye Ross, Ph.D.,St. Cloud State University , U.S.A.

Advisory Board:        

Judith K. Litterst , Ph.D., St. Cloud State University , U.S.A. Werner Severin, Ph.D., Austin, Texas, U.S.A. Ugur Demiray, Ph.D., Anadolu University, Turkey Suat Gezgin, Ph.D., Istanbul University, Turkey Sezen Unlu, Ph.D., Anadolu University, Turkey Nejdet Atabek, Ph.D., Anadolu University, Turkey Nazli Bayram, Ph.D., Anadolu University, Turkey Nezih Orhon, Ph.D., Anadolu University, Turkey

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CIM 2013 Organization Committee           

PRESIDENT: Roseanna Gaye Ross, Ph.D.,St. Cloud State University, U.S.A. Judith K. Litterst , Ph.D., St. Cloud State University, U.S.A. Diana L. Rehling, Ph.D., St. Cloud State University, U.S.A. Roger Rudolph, Ph.D., St. Cloud State University, U.S.A. Gail M. Ruhland, Ed. D., St. Cloud State University, U.S.A. Molly R. McAlister, Communication Studies Public Relations Student Assistant, St. Cloud State University, U.S.A. Maxwell E. McCombs, Ph.D., University of Texas at Austin, U.S.A. Amy Schmitz Weiss, Ph.D., San Diego State University, U.S.A. Erkan Yüksel , Ph.D., Anadolu University, Turkey Serra Görpe, Ph.D., İstanbul University, Turkey Also thanks to Charlotte Kastanek, Linda Kappes, Jyotindra Acharya, Sworup Vaidya, and Yue Li from St. Cloud State University, U.S.A.

CIM 2013 Invited Referees and Scientific Committee                                  

Ahmet Kalender, Ph. D. Selcuk University, Turkey Ahmet Şahinkaya, Ph.D. Marmara University, Turkey Ahmet Tolungüç, Ph.D. Baskent University, Turkey Ahmet Haluk Yuksel, Ph.D. Anadolu University, Turkey Amy Schmitz Weiss, Ph.D. San Diego University, U.S.A. Arne Westermann, Ph.D. Quadriga Hochschule Berlin, Germany Asker Kartari, Ph.D. Kadir Has University, Turkey Aysel Aziz, Ph. D. TBC Aysun Yuksel, Ph.D Anadolu University, Turkey Brad J. Hamm, Ph.D. Indiana University Bloomington, U.S.A. Christine L. Ogan, Ph.D. Indiana University Bloomington . U.S.A. Corey Hickerson, Ph.D. James Madison University, USA David H. Weaver, Ph.D. Indiana University Bloomington, U.S.A. Deniz Taşçı, Ph. D. Anadolu University, Turkey Diana Rehling, Ph.D. St. Cloud State University . U.S.A. Don Stacks, Ph.D. University of Miami, U.S.A. Donald Shaw, Ph.D. University of North Carolina . U.S.A. Eli Avraham, Ph.D. Haifa University, Israel Emin Doğan Aydın, Ph.D. Marmara University, Turkey Erkan Yüksel, Ph.D. Anadolu University, Turkey Frank Kalupa, Ph.D. James Madison University, U.S.A. Funda Savaş Gün, Ph. D. Marmara University, Turkey Gary Kreps, Ph.D. George Mason University, USA H. Ibrahim Gurcan, Ph.D. Anadolu University, Turkey Haluk Gurgen, Ph.D. Bahcesehir University, Turkey Homero Gil de Zuniga, Ph.D. University of Texas Austin, U.S.A. Joseph E. Phelps, Ph.D. The University Of Alabama, USA Judith K. Litterst, Ph.D. St. Cloud State University . U.S.A. Karin G. Wilkins, Ph.D. University of Texas Austin. U.S.A. Konca Yumlu, Ph.D. Ege University, Turkey Lance Holbert, Ph.D. Ohio State University, U.S.A. Laura Smith, Ph.D. University of Texas at Austin, U.S.A. Maxwell McCombs, Ph.D. University of Texas Austin. U.S.A. Michael Goodman, Ph.D. Baruch College/CUNY, USA v

                    

Mircea Constantinescu, Ph.D. University of Bucarest, Romania Murat Ozgen , Ph.D. Istanbul University, Turkey Nejdet Atabek, Ph.D. Anadolu University, Turkey Neşe Kars, Ph.D. Istanbul University, Turkey Nezih Orhon, Ph. D. Anadolu University, Turkey Ozden Cankaya, Ph.D. Galatasaray University, Turkey Peter Blokhuis, Ph.D. Christelijke Hogeschool Ede, The Netherlands Peyami Celikcan, , Ph.D. Marmara University, Turkey Ramesh C. Sharma, Ph.D. Indira Gandhi National Open University, India R. Ayhan Yılmaz, Ph.D. Anadolu University, Turkey Roger Rudolph, Ph.D. St. Cloud State University, U.S.A. Roseanna Ross, Ph.D. St. Cloud State University, U.S.A. Sermin Tekinalp, Ph. D. Girne American University TRNC Serra Görpe, Ph.D. Istanbul University, Turkey Sevda Alankuş, Ph.D. İzmir Ekonomi University, Turkey Sezen Ünlü, Ph.D. Anadolu University, Turkey Sezer Akarcalı, Ph.D. Kyrgyzstan-Turkey Manas University Süleyman İrvan, Ph.D. Eastern Mediterranean University, TRNC Ugur Demiray, Ph.D. Anadolu University, Turkey Yasemin Giritli İnceoğlu, Ph.D. Galatasaray University, Turkey Zeynep Tül Akbal, Ph.D. Bahcesehir University, Turkey

Editors of the symposium e-book Erkan Yüksel, Ph.D., Anadolu University, Turkey R. Assist. Fatma Uçar, Anadolu University, Turkey

CD Cover Designer: Burcu Üçok, Anadolu University, Turkey

Webmaster: Inst. Huseyin Altunlu, Anadolu University, Turkey

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CONTENT Co-Founders & Co-Chairs …………………………………………………………………………… The Association of Turkish and American Communication Scholars……………………………….. Organization Committee ……………………………………………………………………………. Referees and Scientific Committee ………………………………………………………………….. Introduction

iv iv v iv

1-2

Abstracts / Papers

3-270

Instructor Can Cemal CİNGİ, İpek EMEKSİZ Anadolu University, TURKEY Design analysis of mobile operator websites operating in Turkey

3-17

Asli SEZGİN (Ph.D. Candidate) Gazi University, TURKEY The new media dimension of political communication: shares with political content- a research about Facebook users

18-24

Prof. Dr. Erkan YUKSEL, R. Asist. Fatma UÇAR Anadolu University, TURKEY What do people think and do with the health content of Turkish press?

25-37

Assistant Professor Dr. Gamze CILIZOĞLU, Assistant Professor Dr. Kerim KARAGÖZ Kocaeli University, TURKEY Perception of Risk Creation in Societies by Printed Media In Process Of Globalization, an Analysis over Immigration/Immigrant Phenomenon

38-45

Çiğdem ÇALAPKULU (Ph.D. Candidate) Anadolu University, TURKEY Communication Process in Turkish Family Relations

46-63

Chuan-wei HU (Ph.D. Candidate) University of Sheffield, UK; National Taiwan University, TAIWAN The Coming Age of “Rhetorical Democracy”

64-83

Assistant Professor Dr. A. Fulya ŞEN 84-92 Fırat University, TURKEY The Media Representation of the Student Protests: A Case Study on the Anti-Government Protest Movements of Middle East Technical University Students in Turkish News Media Assistant Professor Dr.Rengin OZAN Istanbul University, TURKEY An Analysis of Arab Spring News from the Perspective of S. Halls’s Critical Reading Assistant Professor Soumia BARDHAN St.Cloud State University, U.S.A. Phenomenological structure of governance-Egypt

93-96

97-116

Assistant Professor Dr. William SCHULTE 117-130 Winthrop University, U.S.A. Newsroom Social Controls: An Ethnographic Study of the Modern News Worker, Policy, and Organizational Dynamics

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Erdem ONGUN (Ph.D.), Feride Z. GUDER (Ph.D.), Askın DEMIRAG (Ph.D.) Kadir Has University, Kultur University, Yeditepe University, TURKEY A Comparative Study on the Transformation of Istanbul Memes in the Millennium

131-138

Associated Professor Dr. Davut Alper ALTUNAY, Meltem Cemiloğlu ALTUNAY Anadolu University, TURKEY The representation of the foreigner in the series of “The Magnificent Century”

139-152

Professor Barbara Ruth BURKE University of Minnesota, U.S.A. 21st Century Media Litaracy

153-163

Assistant Professor Dr. Elif Gizem UĞURLU Anadolu University, TURKEY Tracing the Impact of Surveillance and New Communication Technologies on Turkish TV Series

164-173

R. Assistant Çiğdem Yasemin ÜNLÜ Anadolu University, TURKEY An Audience Research about Representation of Violence in Breaking Bad

174-186

Serra GORPE, Chang Wan WOO, Frank KALUPA Istanbul University, Madison University Professional Perspectives: An International Study of Professionalism, Ethics, and the Social Value of Public Relations

187-188

R. Assistant Gülcan ŞENER, R. Assistant İçten Duygu ÇALLI, Ph.D. Anadolu University, Yaşar University, TURKEY Nudity as a Sex Appeal in Magazine Advertisements: Gender Differences in Turkish Consumers’ Responses “A Comparison between Men’s and Women’s Magazines”

189-202

R. Assistant İçten Duygu ÇALLI, Ph.D. Yaşar University, TURKEY Speaking the same language: Turkish emigrants’ attitudes towards Turkish television advertising in Germany

203-214

Assistant Professor Dr. Mine DEMIRTAŞ, Dr. Ayşe Zafer BAŞKAYA Maltepe University, TURKEY Reality TV: A Case Study on Viewing Motives of 'The Voice of Turkey' In Light of Media Effects Theories

215-225

Meltem Cemiloğlu ALTUNAY, Associated Professor Dr. Davut Alper ALTUNAY Anadolu University, TURKEY The representation of main characters in Turkish television series

226-238

Assistant Professor Dr. Hakan UGURLU Anadolu University, TURKEY The Reflection of Information Society Effect to Visual Narrative Structures: What If Detective Columbo Had Owned a Smart Phone

239-243

Assistant Professor Dr. Hasret AKTAŞ, Associated Professor Dr. Bünyamin AYHAN, Associated Professor Dr. Hüseyin ALTUNBAŞ Kyrgyzstan-Türkiye Manas University, Selçuk University, KYRGYZSTAN, TURKEY Internet and the Youth: Internet Addiction among University Students in Kyrgyzstan

244-250

Professor Dr. Wendy L. BJORKLUND, Prof. Dr. Diana L. REHLING St. Cloud State University, U.S.A. Students Unplugged: Fish out of Water?

251-262

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Associated Professor Dr. Bünyamin AYHAN, Assistant Professor Dr. Hasret AKTAŞ, Associated Professor Dr.Mehmet Nejat ÖZÜPEK Kyrgyzstan-Türkiye Manas University, Selçuk University, KYRGYZSTAN, TURKEY Addiction or Necessity: Mobile Phone Using Among University Students in Kyrgyzstan

263-264

Assistant Professor Dr. Besim YILDIRIM Atatürk University, TURKEY Conversion of Professional Identity in the Context of New Communication Technologies

265-270

Schedule

271-274

CIM 2013 Best Paper Awards

275

CIM 2013 Best Presentation Awards

275

News Article

276-277

Photo

278

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INTERNET AND THE YOUTH: INTERNET ADDICTION AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN KYRGYZSTAN Hasret AKTAŞ, Assist. Prof. Dr. Kyrgyzstan-Turkey Manas University, Kyrgyzstan [email protected] Bünyamin AYHAN, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kyrgyzstan-Turkey Manas University, Kyrgyzstan [email protected] Hüseyin ALTUNBAŞ, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Selçuk University, Türkiye [email protected] Hasret Aktaş graduated from the Faculty of Communication at Marmara University in 1990. For his Master's degree, awarded in 1996, he conducted research on the ‘Political Communication’. His Ph.D. research tested the “Communication Politic in Example of the Election Campaigns of Parties” in 2004. He is working as assistant professor for Selcuk University Communication Faculty; in 2012-2013 semestre he was work as guest assistant professor for Kyrgyzstan-Turkey Manas University Communication Faculty. Bünyamin Ayhan graduated from the Sociology Department of Literature Faculty at Selcuk University in 1998. For his Master's degree, awarded in 2001, he conducted research on the ‘Globalisation and Communication’. His Ph.D. research tested the “Mass Media” in 2005. He is working as associated professor for Selcuk University Communication Faculty; in 2012-2013 semestre he was work as guest associated professor for Kyrgyzstan-Turkey Manas University Communication Faculty. Hüseyin Altunbaş is Associate Professor in Faculty of Communication, Selçuk University in Konya. Altunbaş have studied in marketing communications, media planning, brand and advertising campaign processing. Altunbaş is therewithal chairman of association of advertising in Konya.

Abstract Internet, the next millenniums communications medium, is far beyond other mediums. It is more advanced and widespread than others. The development and proliferation speed cannot compare to any other mediums. Thanks to World Wide Web, in a short period of time, the entire world has been surrounded by the dynamics of fiber optic cables. Mc Luhan’s global village has come alive. In the Web 2.0 era, the interactivity aspect became fairly different compared to other mediums. The passive audience in front of the mass media became interactive. One way communication surpassed even two way and became multi-dimensional communication. In this era, people are both content creators and consumers of the content created and shared by others. Time and space restrictions have been disappeared in the internet. Internet craze that started among youth also addicted them in a short period of time. Prior research in the addiction field explores the addictive qualities sustaining drug and alcohol addictions, pathological gambling, and even video game addiction. However, given the relative newness of the disorder, little exists that clearly outlines the habit-forming nature of the Internet and its consequences.

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Addiction of any kind is traditionally associated with an uncontrollable urge, often accompanied by a loss of control, a preoccupation with use, and continued use despite problems the behavior causes. Abuse is considered a milder form of addiction that can also preoccupy and create problems for the user, but the user has more control over the behavior and is better able to set limits and regulate use. Both addiction and abuse of the Internet can result in consequences. For example, a student who obsessively chats with friends at school takes away from valuable study time resulting in poor academic performance. This study research the internet addiction among university students in Kyrgyzstan. Data will gathered from a probability sample of 320 students in Bishkek. Data will collect through self-report questionnaires, and analyzed using the SPSS program.

INTERNET AND THE YOUTH: INTERNET ADDICTION AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN KYRGYZSTAN

INTRODUCTION In the first 10 years of the millennium, the world probably witnessed the most exiting developments in human history. The mobile phones that we saw in science-fiction movies; which are wireless, are small enough to fit our pockets, and which we can’t live without; are a part of our daily lives today. The global network system called internet made information, news and entertainment common property for all the people of the world. The global village that Mc Luhan predicted came into life through internet. Internet bring interactivity to unprecedented levels among communication mediums. This periods most obvious web 2.0 applications are sharing sites like youtube, and social networking sites like twitter, myspace and facebook. Especially social networking, which started among university students, have reached children today. At the internet, letters are sent to the receivers in just a few seconds using e-mail; ordinary people become publishers; celebrities are born in the internet; people that never see each other in person are chatting and falling in love in the internet. This progress is happening so fast that in the last 10 years, some parts of our real lives are getting equivalents in the virtual world. One of this is the friendship, and our friends. But, this friendship is more than a friendship, it’s look like an addiction. ADDICTION AND INTERNET ADDICTION Broadly speaking, addiction is defined as a “compulsive, uncontrollable dependence on a substance, habit, or practice to such a degree that cessation causes severe emotional, mental, or physiological reactions.”(Byun et al. 2009) Although some argue that the term “addiction” should be applied only cases involving chemical substances, similar diagnostic criteria have been applied to a number of problematic behaviors such as pathological gambling. Popular use of the term may associate “addiction” with almost any substance or activity. People are said to be “addicted” to food, smoking, gambling, shopping, work, play, and sex. Early research, such as that conducted by shotten (1991), studied the “computer addiction” of some computer scientists and technicians. The typical research participant was a young “solitary male loner” with a long-standing interest in technology and science. The explosive growth of the Internet over the past decade has almost certainly changed the profile of the “computer addict”(Chou et al., 2005) A perusal of the literature revealed various names for Internet addiction, including cyberspace addiction, Internet addiction disorder, online addiction, Net addiction, Internet

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addicted disorder, pathological Internet use, high Internet dependency, and others. Among these terms, Internet addiction is most popular. However, while Internet addiction has received attention from studies in various fields, no clear definition currently exists. Some researchers have adapted substance use disorder, while others reference pathological gambling, resulting in an inconsistent definition of Internet addiction. Many researchers, due to the complex nature of the topic, do not provide a clear definition of Internet addiction(Byun et al. 2009) But “Internet Addiction” is still the most popular name for the academicians and the researchers(Thatcher, Goolam, 2004). We have chosen to use "internet addiction" in this study. LITERATURE VIEW Internet Addiction was first researched in 1996a, and findings were presented at the American Psychological Association. The study reviewed over 600 cases of heavy Internet users who exhibited clinical signs of addiction as measured through an adapted version of the DSM-IV criteria for pathological gambling. It was ‘Internet Addiction Diagnostic Questionnaire (DQ) and had 8 Y/N questions(Young, 1996b). Studies among college populations showed slightly higher prevalence rates than found in the general population of Internet users. Using various versions of the DSM-based criteria, at the University of Texas, Scherer (1997) found 13% of 531 campus students surveyed exhibited signs of Internet dependency. Sherer’s questionnaire (Clinical Semptoms of Internet Dependency) included 10 Y/N questions. Greenfield (1999) partnered with ABCNews.com to survey Internet users. From 17,000 responses, the study estimated that 6% of Internet users fit the profile of Internet addiction. While this study relied on self-reported data, it did include a cross-sectional population and was considered one of the largest psychological surveys conducted solely on the Internet. Another well-known U.S. study, conducted by a team of researchers at Stanford University Medical Center, found that one in eight Americans suffered from one or more signs of Internet addiction(Aboujaoude et al., 2006). Morahan-Martin and Schumacher (1999) found that 14% of students at Bryant College in Rhode Island met the criteria, and Yang (2001) estimated that 10% of students met the criteria at the University of Taiwan. Conclusions suggested that college students had easier access to the Internet and it was more encouraged, contributing to the higher prevalence of addictive use on campuses(Young et al., 2011). In 2003, Whang, Lee, and Chang investigated the prevalence of Internet overuse in Korea. They used a modified version of Young’s Internet Addiction Prevalence Estimates and Etiologic Models of Internet Addiction 5 Scale, and 13,588 users (7,878 males, 5,710 females), out of 20 million from a major portal site in Korea, participated in this study. Among the sample, 3.5% had been diagnosed as Internet addicts (IAs), while 18.4% of them were classified as possible Internet addicts (PAs)(Young et al. 2011). In2005, Cao and Su investigated addiction of internet in Changsha city in China. They used Diagnostic Questionnaire for Internet Addiction (YDQ), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (the edition for children, EPQ), Time Management Disposition Scale (TMDS) and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) for high school student(Cao and Su, 2006).

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A study, I-Cube 2006, conducted by the Internet & Mobile Association of India, covering 65,000 individuals by household survey in 26 cities in India, says that about 38% of Internet users in that country have shown signs of heavy usage (about 8.2 hours per week). Young males, especially college students, form the major chunk of Internet user base. Indians go online for a number of activities, including e-mail and instant messaging (98%), job search (51%), banking (32%), bill payment (18%), stock trading (15%), and matrimonial search (15%) (Young et al. 2011). There are so many research about Internet Addiction. It proves to us, Internet Addiction is real and growing problem.

METHODOLOGY There are 52 universities and over 120.000 students in Kyrgyzstan. 30 of these universities are in Bishkek, in the capital of Kyrgyzstan. Data of the research are collected from the university students studying in the city Bishkek. Five important universities in Bishkek have been chosen as a sample. Data have been collected by face to face survey technique from the students of these universities selected by quota sampling method1. While data were being collected the construction of the universities, socio-demographic characteristics were taken into consideration, data were collected in May in 2013. The Cronbach’s Alpha’s scale has been ,867. Frequency analysis has been used as a descriptive statistics in the research. Variance analysis (F) (Anova) has been used for more than two groups, t test has been used for differentiation between two groups The questions used in the research Kimberly S. Young’s (2004) IAT test. These test has got 20 six-point scales questions, and they are Rarely, Occasionally, Frequently, Often, Always and Does Not Apply. Scoring: 0 points Does Not Apply 1 point Rarely 2 points Occasionally 3 points Frequently 4 points Often 5 points Often

Generally speaking, the higher your score, the more impact internet usage may be having on your life. Very high scores (above 80) indicate that internet usage is causing significant

1 The higher education system of Kyrgyzstan represents a network of 52 higher education institutions and amount 240.00 students, including 35 public and 17 private institutions. In addition, eight universities are intergovernmental and their activities are overseen by Ministries of Education of different states (e.g. Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University, Kyrgyz-Uzbek University, Kyrgyz-Turkish University ‘Manas’ or some non-public universities such as the American Universities in Central Asia, the Kyrgyz-Russian Academy of Education, the Kyrgyz-Kuwait (East) University, the International University Alatoo, the University Agakhana.

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problems in your life, and you may benefit from evaluating the impact of the internet on your life and addressing the problems directly caused by your internet usage. Screening test scoring ranges: 0 to 19, Below Average Range 20 to 49, Average Range 50 to 79, Above Average 80 to 100, Significantly Above Average

FINDINGS In our study, The findings of field research have been started primarily with examining the socio-demographic characteristics of the university students participating in the study. 43,8 % of the respondents participating in the questionnaire are males and 56.2 % are female in terms of gender. Ratios are at the level where comparison can be made with regard to gender. Gender

Valid

Female Male Total

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

180 140 320

56,3 43,8 100,0

56,3 43,8 100,0

Cumulative Percent 56,3 100,0

From 50.9 % of the participants 5.9 % live with their family, 11.3% of them stay with their friends, 25.6 of them live with their relatives, 6.3 % of them live alone. What is the way you reside?

Valid

With Family Dormitory With Friends With Relatives Alone Total

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

163 19 36 82 20 320

50,9 5,9 11,3 25,6 6,3 100,0

50,9 5,9 11,3 25,6 6,3 100,0

Cumulative Percent 50,9 56,9 68,1 93,8 100,0

Monthly average expenditure of the participants is  =5945 som= 123, 85 dollars (1 U.S. $ is 48 Kyrgyz som) Score average according to the scale of addiction to internet of the participants is 33.22 %. Accordingly, the rest of addition, social need score comes to the light. When level of participants addiction is studied, 12.5 % of them are between 0-19, 63.4 % of them are between 20-49, 23.8 % of them are between 50-79. 80 and above it became addicted, there is only one samples that need treating process. Most of the participants use internet as a social and individual need. However, 23.8 % of them are under the risk.

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Internet addiction level

Valid

0 to 19, Below Average Range 20 to 49, Average Range 50 to 79, Above Average 80 to 100, Significantly Above Average Total

Frequency 40 203 76 1 320

Percent 12,5 63,4 23,8 ,3 100,0

Valid Percent 12,5 63,4 23,8 ,3 100,0

Cumulative Percent 12,5 75,9 99,7 100,0

There is no difference between gender and the level of use internet and addiction score. (t -257 p=, 797 >0.05) There is no difference between the accommodation and level of addiction and use average. (F= 1.617, p= ,156> 0.05) There is tiny positive relation between income and level of addiction. There is tiny positive relation between income and score of addiction. There isn’t seen any differentiation between level of addiction and variables in terms of score of addiction. Accordingly, necessity fact can be said to come out.

İnternet addiction scale…

Valid Mean

Std. Deviation

Do you find that you stay online longer than you intended?

320

2,888

1,46853

Do you neglect household chores to spend more time online?

320

2,063

1,37231

Do you prefer excitement of the Internet to intimacy with your partner?

320

1,084

1,26531

Do you form new relationships with fellow online users?

320

1,7

1,35905

Do others in your life complain to you about the amount of time you spend online?

320

1,453

1,37977

Does your work suffer (e.g., postponing things, not meeting deadlines, etc.) because of 320 the amount of time you spend online?

1,897

1,45744

Do you check your e-mail before something else that you need to do?

320

2,678

1,6981

Does your education performance or productivity suffer because of the Internet?

320

1,813

1,59618

Do you become defensive or secretive when anyone asks you what you do online?

320

1,606

1,59779

Do you block disturbing thoughts about your life with soothing thoughts of the Internet?

320

1,678

1,51879

Do you find yourself anticipating when you go online again?

320

2,022

1,51155

Do you fear that life without the Internet would be boring, empty and joyless?

320

1,975

1,65505

Do you snap, yell, or act annoyed if someone bothers you while you are online?

320

1,584

1,59517

Do you lose sleep due to late night log-ins?

320

1,956

1,6847

Do you feel preoccupied with the Internet when off-line or fantasies about being online?

320

1,447

1,50558

Do you find yourself saying “Just a few more minutes” when online?

320

2,109

1,63731

Do you try to cut down the amount of time you spend online and fail?

320

1,878

1,56595

Do you try to hide how long you’ve been online?

320

1,234

1,32189

Do you choose to spend more time online over going out with others?

320

1,234

1,34307

Do you feel depressed, moddy, or nervous when you are offline, which goes away once 320 you are back online?

4,119

2,06287

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CONCLUSION Kyrgyzstan located in Central Asia, on the path of historic Silk Road with an area of 198,500 sq km. 925 km distance between the eastern and western parts of the country, the distance between north and south is 453 km. Kyrgyzstan is a landlocked country in Central Asia, bordering Kazakhstan, China, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. The total population is 5.3 million (2009) The Capital of Kyrgyzstan is Bişkek and The capital population’s about 1 million. According to ITU (International Telecommunication Union) 1,101,725 internet users in Kyrgyzstan and according to the population ratio of around 20%. This young and developing republic has got to many universities and students. There are 30 universities in Bishkek. As a result, in this study conducted on 320 participants from 5 different universities in Bishkek, the capital of Kyrgyzstan, it has been revealed that there is no internet users who became addicted, but there are some groups under the risk. The factors creating this risk are to be studied. REFERENCES ABOUJAOUDE, E., KORAN, L. M., GAMEL, N., LARGE, M. D., & SERPE, R. T. (2006). Potential markers for problematic Internet use: A telephone survey of 2,513 adults. CNS Spectrum. The Journal of Neuropsychiatric Medicine, 11 (10), pp: 750–755. BYUN, S., RUFFINI, C., MILLS, J. E., DOUGLAS, A. C., NIANG, M., STEPCHENKOVA, S., LEE, S.K., Loutfi, J., Lee, J-K., Atallah, M. and Blanton, M. (2009). Internet Addiction: Metasynthesis of 1996–2006 Quantitative Research. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 12 (2), pp: 203-208. CAU, F. and SU L. (2006). Internet addiction among Chinese adolescents: prevalence and psychological features. Child: Care, Health and Development, 33 (3), pp: 275–281. CHOU, C., CONDRON, L., BELLAND, J. C. (2005). A Review of the Research on Internet Addiction. Educational Psychology Review, 17 (4), pp: 363-388. GREENFIELD, D. N. (1999). Psychological characteristics of compulsive Internet use: A preliminary analysis. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 2, pp: 403–412. MORAHAN-MARTIN, J., and Schumacher, P. (2003). Loneliness and social uses of the Internet. Computers in Human Behavior, 19, pp: 659–671. THATCHER, A. and GOOLAM, S. (2004). Development and Psychometric Properties of The Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire. South African Journal of Psychology, 35 (4), pp: 793-809. YANG, S. (2001). Sociopsychiatric characteristics of adolescents who use computers to excess. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 104 (3), pp: 217–222. YOUNG, K. S. (1996a). Psychology Of Computer Use: xl. Addictive Use Of The Internet: A Case That Breaks The Stereotype. Psychological Reports, 79, pp. 899-902. YOUNG, K. S. (1996b). Internet addiction: The emergence of a new clinical disorder. Poster presented at the 104th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association in Toronto, Canada, August 16, 1996. YOUNG, K. S. (2004). Internet Addiction A New Clinical Phenomenon and Its Consequences, American Behavioral Scientist, 48 (4), pp: 402-415. YOUNG, K. S. (2011). Clinical Assessment of Internet-Addicted Clients, edt. Young, K. S. and de ABREU, C. N. Internet Addiction A Handbook and Guide to Evaluation and Treatment. Hoboken, New Jersey.

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