However, grill was found to be the sole cooking method that reduced ... Moreover, microwaving, grilling or cooking in oven were the best cooking methods to.
Journal of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences Qassim University, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 83-92 (July 2011/Rajab 1432H)
Effect of Cooking Method on the Residues of Natural Sex Steroid Hormones in Local and Imported Meats and Meat Products in Al-Qassim Region Zeitoun*, M.M.(1) and Ahmed, S.M.(2) (1)
Department of Animal Production and Breeding and (2)Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition , College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine , Al-Qassim University,51452 Buraidah P.O. Box 6622, Saudi Arabia. (Received 6/ 3/2011, accepted for publication on 13/5/2011)
Abstract. Meat importation and fast food restaurant chains in Saudi Arabia have been increased in the recent decades to meet the increased demand and change of the lifestyle in the country. Public fear of the hormonal residues in imported meats and chicken has motivated the researchers to monitor the levels of the three natural sex steroid hormones in raw meats and to investigate the effect of cooking method on these residues. Thirty three fresh and processed red meat and chicken samples of local and imported origin were purchased from the local market. Six methods of cooking were applied to test their effects on the levels of estradiol 17-β (E2), progesterone (P4), and testosterone (T) residues in meat samples. Mean E2 residue was found to be higher (p0.05) in imported (1.98 ± 0.08 µg/kg) than in local (1.82 ± 0.09 µg/kg) meats. Also, P4 residues were not different (p > 0.10) in imported (3.28 ± 0.27 µg/kg) than in local (2.84± 0.08 µg/kg) meats. Cooking method exhibited significant effect on the E2 and T but not on P4 residues in meat. Cooking by grill, microwave and oven surpassed frying, boiling and pressure in reducing the hormonal residues in various meats. Grill, microwave and oven reduced T residues by 29, 23 and 19% of that found in raw non cooked meats, respectively. Also, these three methods significantly (p
