1. A course on Basic Immunology,with emphasis on immunologic diseases and
therapeutic strategies. Abul K. Abbas, MD. University of California San Francisco.
A course on Basic Immunology,with emphasis on immunologic diseases and therapeutic strategies Abul K. Abbas, MD University of California San Francisco
Developed as an education program of the Federation of Clinical Immunology Societies (FOCIS)
2
Themes of the course • Introduction to the nomenclature of immunology • Basic principles: mechanisms underlying immune responses • Emerging concepts, and their potential clinical and therapeutic implications
1
3
Why the great interest in Immunology? • Basic science: understanding a complex biological system • Impact on many aspects of human disease • Immunization is the ONLY approach for eradicating a disease • New therapies based on biology • Potential for major role in emerging therapies (gene therapy, stem cell therapy)
4
What does the immune system do? • Defense against infections • Defense against some tumors • Barrier to transplantation, gene therapy • Cause of disease (“immune-mediated inflammatory diseases”)
2
5
Innate immunity: always present (ready to attack); many pathogenic microbes have evolved to resist innate immunity Adaptive immunity: stimulated by exposure to microbe; more potent
6
Cells of the immune system • Lymphocytes: the cells of adaptive immunity; recognize antigens and develop (differentiate) into cells that perform the defense functions • Antigen-presenting cells: cells that capture antigens and display them to lymphocytes • Effector cells: leukocytes (white blood cells) that eliminate microbes (the “effect” of the immune response); may be lymphocytes, but are often other leukocytes
3
Classes of lymphocytes
7
Helper T cells are master controllers of immune responses (the “conductors of the immunologic orchestra”) The CD nomenclature for lymphocytes and other cells
8
Types of adaptive immunity
Different types of immune responses are mediated by different classes of lymphocytes and defend against different types of microbes
4
The CD nomenclature
9
• CD = “cluster of differentiation”, a cumbersome definition referring to a molecule that marks a differentiated (specialized) cell type and can be identified by a group (cluster) of antibodies • More simply refers to surface molecules on leukocytes and other cells that are often expressed on particular cell types and may be involved in the functions of these cells
A summary of adaptive immune responses10
5
11
The immune system can cause disease • Failure to limit responses against infectious pathogens (collateral damage) • Inappropriate responses against self antigens may cause injury to normal tissues, resulting in disease • Importance of defining control mechanisms in the immune system
12
08:30. INTRODUCTION TO THE IMMUNE SYSTEM (Abbas) 09:00. INNATE IMMUNITY, ANTIGEN PRESENTATION (Lichtman) 10:00. T CELL ACTIVATION AND COSTIMULATION (Abbas) 11:00. BREAK 11:15. T CELL SUBSETS, CYTOKINES (Lichtman) 12:15. LUNCH BREAK 13:00. B CELLS AND ANTIBODIES (Lichtman) 14:00. TOLERANCE AND IMMUNE REGULATION (Abbas) 15:00. BREAK 15:15. AUTOIMMUNITY AND IMMUNOLOGICAL DISEASES (Abbas)
