a new journal for a new era. launching

Weberbauerella 1(1): 1 – 10

ISSN 2414-8814

A NEW JOURNAL FOR A NEW ERA. LAUNCHING “WEBERBAUERELLA. A JOURNAL ON BOTANICAL CURIOSITIES” Carlos SÁNCHEZ OCHARAN1, Eduardo Antonio MOLINARI-NOVOA1, Frank ARROYO RODRÍGUEZ2, José ÁVILA PELTROCHE3, Jessica CARPIO-LAU4, Luis Fernando MAYTA ANCO5, Rubén SIERRA TINTAYA6 & Juan Diego CALVO-PÉREZ RODÓ7 1 “Augusto Weberbauer” Herbarium (MOL), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, “La Molina” National Agrarian University. Lima, Peru. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 2 Forestry Herbarium (MOL-F), Faculty of Forestry Sciences, “La Molina” National Agrarian University. Lima, Peru. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Laboratorio de Biología Marina y Continental, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Ricardo Palma. Lima, Peru. E-mail: [email protected] 4 Laboratory of Applied Botany (LBA), “Alberto Cazorla Talleri” Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy, Cayetano Heredia University. Lima, Peru. E-mail: [email protected] 5 Escuela de biología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín. Arequipa, Peru. Email: [email protected] 6 Ecosymbiosis SRL & Escuela Académico Profesional de Biología, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco. Cusco, Peru. E-mail: [email protected] 7 Centro de Investigación Pesquera (CINPIS), Postgraduate School, Faculty of Fishery, “La Molina” National Agrarian University. Lima, Peru. E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT In the present work, we introduce “Weberbauerella”, a new online journal focused in South American botany. A brief revision on how plant sciences have been developing in Peru, emphasizing on taxonomy, is given, as well as a warm invitation to all scientists interested on botany to work and/or publish with us. General information is provided, as a context of the launching. Key words: Andean flora, e-publishing, plant systematics, research.

RESUMEN Una nueva revista para una nueva era. Presentando “Weberbauerella. Una revista de curiosidades botánicas”. En este trabajo, se presenta “Weberbauerella”, una nueva revista científica enfocada en la botánica sudamericana. Se ofrece una pequeña revisión de la evolución de las ciencias vegetales en Perú, con énfasis en la vegetal; al mismo tiempo, se hace un cálido llamado a todos aquellos científicos interesados en botánica a trabajar o publicar con nosotros. Asimismo, se provee de información general en el contexto del lanzamiento. Palabras clave: Flora andina, publicación digital, sistemática vegetal, investigación.

RESUMO Um novo jornal para uma nova era. Apresentando “Weberbauerella. Um jornal de curiosidades botânicas”. Neste trabalho, “Weberbauerella” é apresentada, um novo jornal científico com foco na botânica sul-americana. É oferecida uma pequena revisão da evolução das ciências vegetais no Peru, com enfase na taxonomia; ao mesmo tempo, é feita uma chamada amigável a todos aqueles científicos interessados na botânica para trabalhar ou publicar conosco. Finalmente, informações gerais são dadas no contexto do lançamento. Palavras chave: Flora andina, publicação digital, sistemática vegetal, pesquisa

© The author(s), 2016/II/12

Sánchez Ocharan, et al.: Introducing “Weberbauerella”

INTRODUCTION A keen reader of botanic literature may ask: “Another journal of botany? Aren’t there already paid, free, open access, paid access, print, online?” Indeed, almost every scientific institution around the World that is focused on natural sciences has a journal that covers at least some subjects related to plants, fungi or algae. If Scott Russell’s e-journal list is to be believed, then over 1200 journals publish, exclusively or partially, articles on phytology, phycology and mycology (Russell, 2016). However, Peru has not a journal exclusively dedicated to organisms covered by the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN, McNeill, et al., 2012), even if with over 20000 species (Dawson, Acleto, & Foldvik, 1964; Acleto, 1973; Zúñiga, 1988; Brako & Zarucchi, 1993; Ulloa, Zarucchi, & León, 2004; Smith, et al., 2005; Churchill, 2009; Gazis & Chaverri, 2010; Rivas Plata & Lücking, 2013) and a high percentage of endemism (León, Pitman, & Roque, 2007), the country is amongst the richest in botanical diversity. So, why not create one? We believe it is imperative to provide a botanical journal for a plant-rich country, surrounded by plant-rich, diverse and unique neighbours (cf. Marticorena & Quezada, 1985; Zuloaga, Morrone, Belgrano, Marticorena, & Marchesi, 2008; Callejas Posada & Idárraga Piedrahíta, 2011; Idárraga Piedrahíta, Ortiz, Callejas Posada, & Merello, 2011; Jørgensen & León-Yáñez, 1999; Jørgensen, Nee, & Beck, 2014), including the country with the richest flora in the World (Forzza, et al., 2010a; 2010b). In order to promote the botanical diffusion, facilitate effective publication of nomenclatural novelties and cover this “ecological niche” within the scholarly Peruvian journals, “Weberbauerella” is launched. This journal will provide a channel to communicate and prevent the loss of information about important, actual issues on Neotropical botany.

BOTANY IN PERU Peru has a long botanical history, which started with the expeditions of Hipólito Ruiz and José Pavón in the 18th century (Ruiz & Pavón, 1794; 1798a; 1798b; 1799; 1802; 1822; 1958). After this expedition, which explored also parts of modern Ecuador and Chile (Steele, 1964), the next major scientist who travelled around the country with scientific purposes was Antonio Raimondi, who left his botanical impressions in study material for his undergraduate students (Raimondi, 1857) and his magnum opus, “El Perú” (Raimondi, 1874). Later, his work will reverberate in the books of his colleague and assistant Miguel Fernández de Colunga (cf. Colunga, 1878a; b), who succeeded after him as professor in the Faculty of Medicine. Also, his rich herbarium is mostly conserved in the USM Herbarium (Baldeón, pers. comm.), available for researchers. His studies on Peruvian flora, seasoned with personal impressions and anecdotes, marked the path for the next European who studied thoroughly the flora of Peru. Indeed, after Raimondi, the German-born August Weberbauer (better known as “Augusto”, the Spanish form of his name) put the foundations of Peruvian botany with his monumental work (cf. Weberbauer, 1923; 1945) and his botanical heirs: Ramón Ferreyra, Emma Cerrate, Óscar Tovar, Ángel Díaz, and many others. Most of, if not all, Peruvian botanists can trace their academic genealogy back to Weberbauer, the father of Botany in Peru. So important was his impact on the development of the biological sciences in Peru that the National Day of the Peruvian Biologist finds its origins in the party in his honour the students from National University of San Marcos organised each year a day after his birthday (Aguilar Fernández, 2008). For further 2


remarks on the life of this outstanding botanist, please refer to the work of Baca de García (1949) and the biographical page of the “Augusto Weberbauer” Herbarium of La Molina National Agrarian University from Lima (goo.gl/b7Lq7I). Contemporary to Weberbauer, was Fortunato Herrera, professor of Sciences at the Cusco University. His contributions on the flora of Cusco (1921, 1941) constitute the very first floristic catalogues made by a Peruvian scientist for an extensive territory within the national borders of the country. His colleague and botanical heir, César Vargas, contributed greatly to our knowledge of Andean flora, too (Vargas, 1948). An eximious field botanist, he is recognised as a major founder of Peruvian botany (León, 2007). Further efforts and advances in Peruvian botany were made by James Francis Macbride (Macbride & Dahlgren, 1936) and his collaborators, in an enterprise renewed successively by Charles Schweinfurth (1958), with his revision of the orchids of Peru; by Alwyn Gentry (Gentry, Dillon, & Jones, 1980), who renewed it within the new series of “Fieldiana”; and Rolla Tryon and Robert Stolze (1989), who published the treatments for ferns. Other groups have received less attention but have been monographed by well-known botanists such as Marshall Avery Howe (1914), or Robert Statham Williams (1927). Modern works have been focused mainly in the registry of species and floristic studies (Brako & Zarucchi, 1993; Churchill, Griffin, & Muñoz, 2000; Ulloa Ulloa, et al., 2004) or their threat assessment (cf. León, et al., 2007). Other works on floristics are the purely scientific writings of Beltrán (1998) and Bennett & Christenson (1993, 1995, 1998, 2001); and the divulgation books of Ferreyra (1979), Cassinelli del Sante & Huamán Chang (2011), Lleellish (2013), or Ostolaza Nano (2014), amongst others. It is our intention, with the launching of “Weberbauerella” to encompass taxonomical contributions, nomenclatural discussions and systematic proposals, especially focused on the diversity of South America. Regrettably, few contributions covering other areas have been produced in Peru, and while descriptive aspects of the botanical sciences are abundant, their number fade in comparison with the amount of taxonomical works. Notable works about economic botany have been produced by Acleto (1986), Chacón de Popovici (2001, 2007), Gamarra Gómez (2003), Torres Guevara & Parra Rondinel (2008), León, Huamán, Roque, la Torre, & Cano (2012) and Arfini & Antonioli (2013). On ethnobotany, we have the writings of Soukup (1985), Vásquez Martínez (1989), Reynel, Albán, León, & Díaz (1990) and Odonne, Bourdy, Ochoa Siguas, & Albán Castillo (2014). Ecological aspects of plants were treated by Ono (1986) and Kalliola, Salo & Mäkinen (1987); and algae by Chacón Roldán (1980a, b). Fisiological and anatomical aspects have been developed mostly by phycologists, as Acosta Polo (1972) or Acleto & Zúñiga (1998). The agricultural sciences deserve to be mentioned apart. Closely related with the botanical sciences, and despite having a long tradition in Peru (cf. García y Merino, 1878), few books are published within the national borders regarding related issues, like pest control (cf. Julca Otiniano, et al., 2013), agroclimatology (cf. García Villanueva, 1994) or genetic improvement (Sociedad Peruana de Genética, 2002). “Weberbauerella” is open to any contribution regarding these and many other subjects. We pretend to be a source of information on the most diverse areas of knowledge regarding ICNcovered organisms. Since no page limit is set, authors can write as specifically as they want, put many colour or black and white images such as photographs or drawings, free of any boundaries. Also, although mainly focusing in the tropical South America, any contribution regarding 3


any part of the World will be welcomed, as we believe that in a global World, regionalisms are hurdles that will not contribute to the development of botanical sciences.

NEW PUBLISHING FOR A NEW TAXONOMY With the changes approved by the Eighteenth International Botanical Congress in July, 2011, e-publishing was approved as a valid medium for nomenclatural novelties (Knapp, McNeill, & Turland, 2011). Effective publication occurs provided that the nomenclatural novelty is published as a PDF file in an online publication with an International Standard Serial Number and accessible through the World Wide Web (art. 29), after January 1st, 2012, and if it is considered a version of record (art. 30, McNeill, et al., 2012). “Weberbauerella” is such a journal. We are launching the journal with already five articles, in order to comply with the demands of the ISSN International Centre (2014). After publication, nomenclatural novelties will be communicated within a week to the proper indices in order to communicate it to the whole World through Internet connection. With the Internet, the collections of exsiccates and books from the foremost institutions around the Globe have become available to a wide public, as well as databases concentrating highquality information (Penev, Kress, Knapp, Li, & Renner, 2010). This impacts on the velocity of article production and therefore on the review process. “Weberbauerella” pretends to satisfy the requirements to be a linked, open journal with small fees to the authors. Albeit they are currently needed to maintain our server, we hope that, eventually, we will be able to waive all fees in order to publish gratis, both for authors as for readers. It is important to remark, as well, that all the articles copyrights stay with our authors, for full transparency. We do not want to limit our authors and readers: their ideas remain theirs, and can be used freely as long as the authors are acknowledged. For further insights, please refer to the cited bibliography, or visit other e-journals that have served as inspiration for us, like “Phytotaxa” (www.biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa), “PhytoKeys” (www.phytokeys.com), “Richardiana en libre accès” (richardiana.com/?rub=libreacces, which beautiful aesthetics shaped ours) or our primary source, “Phytoneuron” (www.phytoneuron.net), of the professor Guy Nesom.

NOT ONLY TAXONOMY AND NOMENCLATURE However, it must be noted that “Weberbauerella” is not a journal exclusively dedicated to systematic publications. We have reviewers with experience on numerical and descriptive ecology, ethnobotany and economic botany, plant and algal physiology, environmental sciences, genetics, etc. We will gladly accept the results of any worker provided it is clearly related to any organism covered by the International Code of Nomenclature (pre. 8, McNeill, et al., 2012). Also acceptable are correspondences regarding biographical sketches of people related to plant, fungal or algal sciences; historical works, obituaries, opinion articles on current topics, etc.

WHO ARE WE? Young, Peruvian botanists from the major research centres of our country. That will do it. We commit to collaborative work for free in order to assure high-quality publications after quickbut-thorough revisions. Most of us have already had experience with scientific publishing or industry (cf. Arroyo & Pérez, 2013; Ávila & Llanos, 2014; Carpio-Lau, Mendoza-Tincopa, & Molinari-Novoa, 2015; Mayta & Molinari-Novoa, 2015; Molinari-Novoa, 2008; Calvo-Pérez Rodó & Molinari-Novoa, 2015), and some have been convoked as reviewers by international journals. Please, navigate through our ResearchGate profiles (www.researchgate.net) in order 4


to know more about our research, or contact us through the “Contact” page of the journal, and ask for our personal webpages, our publications, our work. We will try to answer any demand of our readers as soon as possible.

WHY “WEBERBAUERELLA”?

Weberbauerella (Fabaceae; Faboideae; Dalbergiae, according to Lavin, et al., 2001 and Cardoso, et al., 2013) is a genus of desert plants with three species native to the “Lomas” formations of Southern Peru and the Andes of Northern Chile (Saldivia & Faúndez, 2014). Erected as a monotypic genus, containing only W. brogniartioides, by Ulbrich (1906), it was expanded by Ferreyra (1951) with the addition of W. raimondiana and was considered an endemic genus from Peru (Baldeón, Flores, & Roque, 2007) until the recent addition of W. chilensis Saldivia & Faúndez (2014). They are small shrubs and herbs with pinnate leaves and yellow-orange flowers. Weberbauerella is a genus which members thrive and grow in the harshest environments of our continent: the dry coastal deserts and the inclement elevations of the Andes. As those plants, we pretend to thrive and progress against adversity. We are already looking for sponsors that will help us to maintain this dream. Also, Weberbauerella is an homage to those brilliant botanists that are our scientific forefathers. This name relates closely with Weberbauer, Ferreyra and Raimondi, to whom each Peruvian botanist owes their formation. Our official logo (Fig. A) is based on a Weberbauerella raimondiana leaflet, and every article bears it, as a watermark in the abstract page. The banner of the flower as drawn in the original article of Ulbrich (1906) is in the top of the first page, too.

Fig. A Our logo. Designed by María Celeste Sánchez Ocharan. Used under CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 license.

We think “Weberbauerella” is a word that will stick on the minds of our readers. Properly pronounced as /vebeɾbaɯeɾ'ella/, it is a six-syllables words, easy to remember in most languages, that represent our origins and our history as Peruvian botanists. Our subtitle, “a journal on botanical curiosities”, tries to reflects our creed that there are not minor contributions. A curiosity is something “that arouses interest especially for uncommon or exotic characteristics” according to the Merriam Webster (http://www.merriam-webster.com) and “that is interesting because it is rare and unusual” according Cambridge Dictionary (http://dictionary.cambridge.org/). It is not a “great, big” thing. It is interesting. We do not expect to only receive papers that will revolutionise the field (but would be glad if that happens!), 5


but we do expect curious things, that may excite our imagination and our desire to learn about plants. Please, take it into account when submitting and reviewing. Saying it concisely, if our papers are not only scientifically rigorous, but also a tool of learning and attractive to our readers, our mission is accomplished.

PARTICIPATE! Our real presentation cards are our articles. Visit our page (weberbauerella.org) and read them. If you are interested and wish to participate of this academic adventure as author, reviewer or sponsor, please, contact us. We offer facilities for everybody who are fond of participating with us. Everybody is welcome in our project.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The team is indebted to Fernanado Loayza (PUCP) for his gratuitous and uninterested economical and legal advice. A former fellow school student of the second author and an outstanding young lawyer (cf. Loayza Jordán 2014a, 2014b, 2014c, 2015, 2016), his compromise with truth and progress had been instrumental in organising the journal.

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