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Lemanea fucina Bory, 1808 (Lemaneaceae, rhodophyta), a rare species with a. variaBLe ... european countries: France (Bory de Saint-vincent,. 1808), the ...
Arch. Biol. Sci., Belgrade, 63 (2), 511-515, 2011

DOI:10.2298/ABS1102511S

Lemanea fucina Bory, 1808 (Lemaneaceae, Rhodophyta), a rare species with A variable morphology: first record IN THE Republic of Montenegro Snežana Simić and Nevena Djordjević Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia Abstract - The genus Lemanea and a species belonging to this genus, Lemanea fucina Bory 1808, are reported for the first time in the Republic of Montenegro (southeast Europe, in the river Tara, at one locality - “Splavište” (N-43° 07’ 721”, E 019° 18 ‘609”). This is a new finding, and also the southernmost point of occurrence of this species in Europe. The species is characteristic mostly for rivers of the countries of northern and western Europe. The variable morphological characteristics of this species are described and illustrated in this work. Key words: Lemanea fucina, Rhodophyta, morphology, ecology, river Tara, Montenegro

UDC 582.273(497.16):581.5

Introduction

European countries: France (Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1808), the British Isles (John et al., 2008), Belgium (Compère, 1991), Finland (Eloranta and Kwadrans, 1996, 2007), Austria (Rott et al., 1999), Sweden (Israelson, 1942, Kwadrans et al., 2002) and Norway (Schneider and Lindstrøm, 2009). The fact that there is a similarity in morphology and anatomy with the species Lemanea fluviatilis (Linnaeus) C. Agardh (Vis and Sheath, 1992; Rott et al., 1999) adds further confusion to the knowledge concerning the distribution of the species L. fucina.

Data on the distribution of the genus Lemanea Bory in Europe show that it is very frequent and abundant in Nordic countries and in corresponding latitudes in other parts of Europe but rarer in central and southern Europe (Kwadrans and Eloranta, 2010). The distribution data of certain Lemanea species are not clear and precise enough due to the fact that there are a number of synonyms in the literature (Kumano, 2003). Identification of the species is difficult (Vis and Sheath, 1992; Sheath et al. 1996). This especially applies to the species of Lemanea fucina Bory 1808 ((syn. L. mamillosa var. fucina Kützing 1843, Sacheria fucina (Bory) Sirodot 1872, S. mamillosa Sirodot 1872, L. fucina var. subtilis (Ag.) Sirodot 1872)) and L. mamillosa Kützing 1845 ((syn. S. mamillosa Sirodot 1872, L. fucina var. mamillosa (Kützing) Atkinson 1890, L. mamillosa (Sirodot) De Toni 1897)). In works and monographs there are data that Lemanea fucina (considering all synonyms) has been found in several localities in a small number of

Data on the distribution of the genus Lemanea in the countries of southeast Europe are mostly missing in recent monographs and overview works (Kumano, 2003; Kwadrans and Eloranta, 2010). The most common species was L. fluviatilis (Vouk, 1953; Matoničkin and Pavletić, 1960; Petrovska, 1966; Simić and Ranković, 1998; Carus, 2002; Simić, 2007; Temniskova et al., 2008). L. fucina was only found in Croatia (Vouk, 1919; Golubić, 1957). Vodeničarov et al. (1991) cite that the species L. mamillosa (Sirodot) De Toni was found in Bulgaria, in the Rhodope 511

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region. The genus Lemanea has not been found in Republic of Montenegro so far. The aim of this work is to provide the latest information on the new findings of L. fucina from the Republic of Montenegro, as well as the data on the ecology and morphology of this species. Material and methods Samples of Lemanea were collected in 2007 and 2009 (May 29th) in the Republic of Montenegro, in the river Tara at one locality “Splavište” (N 43° 07’ 721”, E 019° 18 ‘609”, altitude 601m). Samples were fixed immediately in 4% formaldehyde. The following environmental variables were measured for each sampling site: temperature (°C), current velocity (cm s-1), pH, oxygen concentration (mg l-1), saturation of oxygen (%), conductivity (measured with a digital conductometer of the HANAEP–3 type and expressed in μS cm-1), depth (cm) and type of substratum. In addition, the percentage cover of the alga on the substratum was estimated for the sampling site. Preserved material is stored in the collection of the Department of Biology and Ecology in Kragujevac, Serbia. For taxa identification the material was magnified 160-640 times and analyzed with a Carl Zeiss-Amplival microscope. In the laboratory we recorded the following morphological characteristics: presence of a stalk, presence and incidence of branched plants, plant length, nodal diameter (ND), internodal diameter (ID), presence of axial cortical filaments, arrangement of spermatangial sori, length and diameter of carpospores, presence of a Chantransia stage; length and diameter of cells of Chantransia (Vis and Sheath, 1992; Sheath et al., 1996; Kumano, 2003). Results and discussion Plants of Lemanea fucina were found in sections of the river Tara where the riverbed is 10-20 m wide. Thalli were found on calcareous big stones in sunny sites, at 0.5-1 m depth, water temperature 10.9°C,

current velocity 50-70 cm s-1, pH 8.4, conductivity 202 μS cm-1, oxygen concentration 9.76 mg l-1, and saturation of oxygen 96.6%. Percentage coverage varied between 1% (May 2007) and 5% (May 2009). Samples were found in community with Nostoc coeruleum (Lyngbye) Bornet and Flahault. On a grownup thallus and the Chantransia stage, Chamaesiphon incrustans is a common epiphyte. The morphological and anatomical characteristics of the L. fucina found in the river Tara are summarized in Table 1. The plants were found growing individually or in tufts. The height was from 1.5 to 16 cm. (Fig. 1-2). Olive-green to purple-green in color. Non-branching to densely branching (up to 19 branches), thalli narrowing towards the top into thin threads of capillary appearance, whose width is only 10 μm. At the base, they have a thin cylindrical stem 1.5 -2cm wide; stalk diameter from 180 to 320 μm. The diameter of node is from 280 to 700 μm, and of the internode from 160 to 510 μm (node : internode ratio is 1.4). The number of spermatangial papillae in the node is from 2 to 7, most often 4. There is no cortex around the central axis cell. The length of carpospores is from 13.2 to 33.3, and diameter from 8 to 19.8 μm. The primary stadium (Chantransia stage) was found at the base of the stalk. Its height is from 231 to 386 μm, cloddy, branching, with no hairs on top. The cells are 39.6 to 62.7μm long and 9.9 to 19.8 μm wide (length: width ratio from 4.4 to 7.6). Monosporangia are unknown. By comparing these characteristics of L. fucina as well as the presence and appearance of the Chantransia stage on them, it was noticed that this alga shows considerable differences in morphological appearance during the same period of the year at the same locality and the same period of the life cycle (Table 1). There is congruence with the basic diagnostic characteristics of the species L. fucina Bory 1808 (Kumano 2003; John et al., 2008) and L. mamillosa Kützing 1845 (Kumano, 2003) (Table 1). Thalli were individual in May 2007 (diagnostic characteristic of L. fucina), in tufts in May 2009 (characteristic of L. mamillosa); the number of sec-

First record of Lemanea fucina from Montenegro

513

Figs. 1-2. Macroscopic view of a Lemanea fucina plant showing a ramification habit in May 2007 (1) and May 2009 (2), scale bar 3 cm.

200-250 100-140 10 1.4 Yes 23.1-33.0 16.5-19.8 Yes 297-386 52.8-75.9 9.9-16.5

Apex node diameter

Apex internode diameter Apex talus diameter Node/internode ratio Carpospores Length Diameter Chantransia Thread length Cell length

Cell diameter

13.2-19.8

100-140 10 1.4 Yes 13.2-19.8 8-10 Yes 231-280.5 39.6-62.7

200-250

290-700 160-510

190-320

280-500 160-360

180-190

Stalk diameter

Yes 2

2-7

Yes 1.5

Stalk Stalk length

0-6

2-4

0-19

Branching

Yes Yes 1.5-7

2009

The number of spermatangial papillae in the ring Node diameter Internodus diameter

Yes No 4-16

2007

Talus Individually In tufts Height (cm)

Characteristics of species

*present authors

John et al. (2008) Kumano (2003)

Lemanea mamillosa Kützing 1845

15-35

Yes 1-2 mm

final branches slender, often capillary

2-7

Yes

simple or very much branched;

Yes No 2-40

-

Yes -

-

280-700 -

3-4

-

3-23 >50%, more than 4 primary and secondary branches Yes -

Yes

final branches slender

3-4

Yes

No Yes 4-10

Synonyms: Lemanea maSynonyms: Lemanea millosa Kützing 1845, mamillosa var. fucina Synonyms: Sacheria mamillosa (Kützing) L. rigida (Sirodot ) De Toni Kützing 1843, Sirodot 1872, Lemanea fucina var. mamil1897, Sacheria fucina losa (Kützing) Atkinson 1890 L. subtilis (Bory) Sirodot 1872 C. Agardh

Kumano (2003)

Lemanea fucina Bory 1808

Table. 1. Comparison of diagnostic characteristics of Lemanea fucina Bory 1808 and L. mamillosa Kützing 1845 and their synonyms 514 SNEŽANA SIMIĆ ET AL.

First record of Lemanea fucina from Montenegro

ondary branches in 2007 was up to 19, the tops were capillary-like (characteristic of L. fucina); in 2009 there were less branches, max. 6 (characteristic of L. mamillosa), in 2007 the number of papilla in the nodes was maximum 4 (characteristic of L. mamillosa), and in 2009, maximum 7 (characteristic of L. fucina). Based on the analysis of the existing works dealing with the characteristics and taxonomic status of the species L. fucina Bory and L. mamillosa Kützing and their synonyms (Table 1), it is concluded that there are numerous problems related to the taxonomy of the entire genus and species and no clear consensus among researches. In light of available data, the authors have retained the name of this species Lemanea fucina Bory. Acknowledgments – This work was financed by the Ministry of Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (Projects III 43002 and TR 31011).

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