Abstracts of Presentations at the 2006 Fall Meeting ...

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Yun, Hun Dal Yoo, Hyo Sun Jang, Seong Hwan Kim, Chung Hwa Lee, Je-O ... Yoon Hee Lee, Jung Sun Lee, Hyun Guell Kim, Kyu Chan Cho, Yong Il Park, Wi.
Mycobiology

ISSN: 1229-8093 (Print) 2092-9323 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tmyb20

Abstracts of Presentations at the 2006 Fall Meeting of the Korean Society of Mycology at the Seoul Kyoyuk Munhwa Hoekwan, Seoul, Korea, October 19–20 Yong-Bo Lee, Young-Hee Na, Chae-Kyu Lim, In-Hoa Jang, Dong-Kyoung Jang, Seong-Eun Yun, Sin-Ae Park, Sung-Hee Lim, Hyeon-Na Cho, Mi-Kyeong Lee, Yue-Qin Xiao, Young Jin Koh, Jae-Seoun Hur, Kwang-Mi Lim, Yue-Qin Xiao, Young Jin Koh, Jae-Seoun Hur, Kwang-Mi Lim, Yoshikazu Yamamoto, Young Jin Koh, Jae-Seoun Hur, Young-Ah Jeon, Hyo-Jin Kim, Myoung-Sook Shin, Seung-Joo Go, Seung-Beom Hong, Duck-Hyun Cho, Jin Sung Lee, Hack Sung Jung, Jae-Gu Han, Hyeon-Dong Shin, Young-Joon Choi, Seung-Beom Hong, Hyeon-Dong Shin, Dae-Ho Kim, Young-ah Jeon, Seung-Ju Go, Jong-Kyu Lee, Seung-Beom Hong, Kab-Yeul Jang, Sun-Gyu Choi, Won-Sik Kong, Young-Bok Yoo, Gyu-Hyun Kim, Jae-Mo Sung, Jin Hee Kim, Ji Sun Lee, Ji Young Seo, HyunSu Rho, Hyun Sook Lee, Min Woong Lee, U-Youn Lee, Tae Soo Lee, Min Woo Hyun, Wook Ha Park, Ji Hye Kim, Jin Su Kim, Seung Kyu Lee, Kyung Hee Kim, Seong Hwan Kim, Imtiaj Ahmed, Jayasinghe Chandana, Hyun-Su Rho, Hyun Sook Lee, Sang Beom Kim, Tae Soo Lee, Ji Yeon Oh, Sam Nyu Jee, Hojoung Lee, Mun Il Ryoo, Ki Deok Kim, Sang Hyeon Park, Ahn Heum Eom, Narayan Chandra Paul, Won Ki Kim, Sung Kyoon Woo, Yun Woo Jang, Myung Soo Park, Seung Hun Yu, Miyeong Sim, Ahn-Heum Eom, Eun-Hwa Lee, Suk Kim, AhnHeum Eom, Yoo Mee Lee, Ahn Heum Eom, Ki Deok Kim, Eui Nam Kim, Sam Nyu Jee, Jin Hee Kim, Gun Woo Lee, Sang Beom Kim, Hyun-Su Rho, Hyun Sook Lee, Min Woong Lee, U-Youn Lee, Tae Soo Lee, VU Van Hanh, Suk Il Hong, Keun Kim, Keum Chul Shin, Jong Kyu Lee, Jong-Gab Jung, Moo-Hee Mun, Sang-Cheol Jun, Kyu-Joong Kim, Sang-Woo Kim, Young-Jae Kim, EunJung Kim, Ji-Seon Min, Youn-Su Lee, Seung-Bin Kim, Moo-Young Jung, Man-Su Yu, Dong-Jun Kim, Hak-Ro Youn, Sung-Man Han, Kye Seung Jang, Yeo Hong Yun, Hun Dal Yoo, Hyo Sun Jang, Seong Hwan Kim, Chung Hwa Lee, Je-O Lee, Sang-Kuk Han, Eun-Jeong Ham, Bhushan Shrestha, Ho-Kyoung Kim, TaeWoong Kim, Jae-Mo Sung, Won-Ho Lee, Su-Young Lee, Cheol-Soon Ko, BeomSuk Kim, Jae-Mo Sung, Beom-Suk Kim, Je-O Lee, Sang-Kuk Han, Won-Ho Lee, Bhushan Shrestha, Jae-Mo Sung, Jinju Kim, Hyun-Sook Lee, Hyeon-Su Ro, Kwang-Joon Chang, Kang-Hyeon Ka, Hyeon Hur, In-Pyo Hong, Jae-Ouk Shim, Tae-Soo Lee, Ji-Yul Lee, Min-Woong Lee, Ji Hwan Yoon, Ji Eun Park, Hyun Seok Jo, Dong Yeon Suh, Seong Hwan Kim, Seung Beom Hong, Seung Ju Ko, Heng Luo, Young Jin Koh, Jae-Seoun Hur, Heng Luo, Young Jin Koh, Jae-Seoun Hur, Mei Rong Ren, Kwon-Il Seo, Young Jin Koh, Jae-Seoun Hur, Soon-Ok Rim, JinHyung Lee, In-Joong Lee, In-Koo Rhee, Jong-Guk Kim, Sun Hwa Ryu, A Young Lee, Hee Kyoung Sohn, Myung Kil Kim, Ja-Young Yoon, Yun-Hee Park, HeeMoon Park, Joong-Keun Lee, Seung-Moon Park, Moon-Sik Yang, Tai-Boong Uhm, Dae-Hyuk Kim, Won-Sik Kong, In-Yeup Kim, Kab-Yeul Jang, Chang-

Sung Jhune, Young-Bok Yoo, Kwang-Ho Kim, Young Bok Yoo, Won Sik Kong, Kab Yeul Jang, In Yeup Kim, Se Jong Oh, Chang Sung Jhune, Hye Jin Kwon, Yong Jin Park, Young-Bok Yoo, Won-Sik Kong, Kap-Hoon Han, Yeong-Man Yu, Hyoun-Young Kim, Mi-Hee Choi, Pil-Jae Maeng, Jong Hwa Kim, Suhn-Kee Chae, Hee-Moon Park, Keon-Sang Chae, Kwang-Yeop Jahng, Dong-Min Han, Yaya Rukayadi, Jae-Kwan Hwang, Yaya Rukayadi, Jae-Kwan Hwang, DongGyu Kim, Sung-Soon Kim, Jun-Oh Choi, Hyo-kyoung Won, Hyun-Sook Lee, Ji-Young Bae, Jung-Ah Choi, Sunhwa Moon, Sang-Woo Kim, Jung-Bin Park, Eun-Hee Yang, Young-Hun Jin, Mi-Sun Lee, Mu-Seok Seo, Gun-A Kim, SeokTae Kwon, Young-Kyung Lee, Bum-Soo Hahn, Gi-Yong Kim, Beong-Yeol Sung, Jong-Bum Kim, Joo-Sung Yang, Seung Ho Lee, Sang Beom Kim, Gun Woo Lee, Mi Ja Shim, Hyun-Su Rho, Hyun Sook Lee, Min Woong Lee, U-Youn Lee, Tae Soo Lee, Gun Woo Lee, Sang Beom Kim, Seung Ho Lee, Jae Ouk Shim, Mi Ja Shim, Min Woong Lee, U-Youn Lee, Tae Soo Lee, Sang Beom Kim, Gun Woo Lee, Jae Ouk Shim, Mi Ja Shim, Min Woong Lee, U-Youn Lee, Tae Soo Lee, Yoon Hee Lee, Jung Sun Lee, Hyun Guell Kim, Kyu Chan Cho, Yong Il Park, Wi Young Lee, Jin Kwon Ahn, Youngki Park, Kang Hyeon Ka, Wi Young Lee, Jin Kwon Ahn, Youngki Park, Kang Hyeon Ka, Sang-Woo Kim, Hyun-Sook Lee, Hyeon-Su Ro, Jeong Weon Yoon, Sung Woo Choi, Hee Kuk Park, Won Jin Yu, Sung Pil Lee, Ae Kyung Juen, Won Woo Kim, Sang Mong Lee, Namsook Park, Eunju Park, Byung Rae Jin, Hong Kyu Kim, Yong Gyun Kim, Gwan Seuk Seo, Se Hyun Oh, Hong Gi Kim, Nam Gyu Kim, Sung Woo Kang, Jung Bae Kim & Hong Gi Kim To cite this article: Yong-Bo Lee, Young-Hee Na, Chae-Kyu Lim, In-Hoa Jang, Dong-Kyoung Jang, Seong-Eun Yun, Sin-Ae Park, Sung-Hee Lim, Hyeon-Na Cho, Mi-Kyeong Lee, Yue-Qin Xiao, Young Jin Koh, Jae-Seoun Hur, Kwang-Mi Lim, Yue-Qin Xiao, Young Jin Koh, Jae-Seoun Hur, Kwang-Mi Lim, Yoshikazu Yamamoto, Young Jin Koh, Jae-Seoun Hur, Young-Ah Jeon, Hyo-Jin Kim, Myoung-Sook Shin, Seung-Joo Go, Seung-Beom Hong, Duck-Hyun Cho, Jin Sung Lee, Hack Sung Jung, Jae-Gu Han, Hyeon-Dong Shin, Young-Joon Choi, Seung-Beom Hong, Hyeon-Dong Shin, Dae-Ho Kim, Young-ah Jeon, Seung-Ju Go, Jong-Kyu Lee, Seung-Beom Hong, Kab-Yeul Jang, Sun-Gyu Choi, Won-Sik Kong, Young-Bok Yoo, Gyu-Hyun Kim, Jae-Mo Sung, Jin Hee Kim, Ji Sun Lee, Ji Young Seo, Hyun-Su Rho, Hyun Sook Lee, Min Woong Lee, U-Youn Lee, Tae Soo Lee, Min Woo Hyun, Wook Ha Park, Ji Hye Kim, Jin Su Kim, Seung Kyu Lee, Kyung Hee Kim, Seong Hwan Kim, Imtiaj Ahmed, Jayasinghe Chandana, Hyun-Su Rho, Hyun Sook Lee, Sang Beom Kim, Tae Soo Lee, Ji Yeon Oh, Sam Nyu Jee, Hojoung Lee, Mun Il Ryoo, Ki Deok Kim, Sang Hyeon Park, Ahn Heum Eom, Narayan Chandra Paul, Won Ki Kim, Sung Kyoon Woo, Yun Woo Jang, Myung Soo Park, Seung Hun Yu, Miyeong Sim, Ahn-Heum Eom, Eun-Hwa Lee, Suk Kim, Ahn-Heum Eom, Yoo Mee Lee, Ahn Heum Eom, Ki Deok Kim, Eui Nam Kim, Sam Nyu Jee, Jin Hee Kim, Gun Woo Lee, Sang Beom Kim, Hyun-Su Rho, Hyun Sook Lee, Min Woong Lee, UYoun Lee, Tae Soo Lee, VU Van Hanh, Suk Il Hong, Keun Kim, Keum Chul Shin, Jong Kyu Lee, Jong-Gab Jung, Moo-Hee Mun, Sang-Cheol Jun, Kyu-Joong Kim, Sang-Woo Kim, Young-Jae Kim, Eun-Jung Kim, Ji-Seon Min, Youn-Su Lee, Seung-Bin Kim, Moo-Young Jung, Man-Su Yu, DongJun Kim, Hak-Ro Youn, Sung-Man Han, Kye Seung Jang, Yeo Hong Yun, Hun Dal Yoo, Hyo Sun Jang, Seong Hwan Kim, Chung Hwa Lee, Je-O Lee, Sang-Kuk Han, Eun-Jeong Ham, Bhushan Shrestha, Ho-Kyoung Kim, Tae-Woong Kim, Jae-Mo Sung, Won-Ho Lee, Su-Young Lee, CheolSoon Ko, Beom-Suk Kim, Jae-Mo Sung, Beom-Suk Kim, Je-O Lee, Sang-Kuk Han, Won-Ho Lee, Bhushan Shrestha, Jae-Mo Sung, Jinju Kim, Hyun-Sook Lee, Hyeon-Su Ro, Kwang-Joon Chang, Kang-Hyeon Ka, Hyeon Hur, In-Pyo Hong, Jae-Ouk Shim, Tae-Soo Lee, Ji-Yul Lee, Min-Woong Lee, Ji Hwan Yoon, Ji Eun Park, Hyun Seok Jo, Dong Yeon Suh, Seong Hwan Kim, Seung Beom Hong, Seung Ju Ko, Heng Luo, Young Jin Koh, Jae-Seoun Hur, Heng Luo, Young Jin Koh, JaeSeoun Hur, Mei Rong Ren, Kwon-Il Seo, Young Jin Koh, Jae-Seoun Hur, Soon-Ok Rim, Jin-Hyung Lee, In-Joong Lee, In-Koo Rhee, Jong-Guk Kim, Sun Hwa Ryu, A Young Lee, Hee Kyoung Sohn, Myung Kil Kim, Ja-Young Yoon, Yun-Hee Park, Hee-Moon Park, Joong-Keun Lee, Seung-Moon Park, Moon-Sik Yang, Tai-Boong Uhm, Dae-Hyuk Kim, Won-Sik Kong, In-Yeup Kim, Kab-Yeul Jang, Chang-Sung Jhune, Young-Bok Yoo, Kwang-Ho Kim, Young Bok Yoo, Won Sik Kong, Kab Yeul Jang, In Yeup Kim, Se Jong Oh, Chang Sung Jhune, Hye Jin Kwon, Yong Jin Park, YoungBok Yoo, Won-Sik Kong, Kap-Hoon Han, Yeong-Man Yu, Hyoun-Young Kim, Mi-Hee Choi, Pil-Jae Maeng, Jong Hwa Kim, Suhn-Kee Chae, Hee-Moon Park, Keon-Sang Chae, Kwang-Yeop Jahng, Dong-Min Han, Yaya Rukayadi, Jae-Kwan Hwang, Yaya Rukayadi, Jae-Kwan Hwang, Dong-Gyu Kim, Sung-Soon Kim, Jun-Oh Choi, Hyo-kyoung Won, Hyun-Sook Lee, Ji-Young Bae, Jung-Ah

Choi, Sunhwa Moon, Sang-Woo Kim, Jung-Bin Park, Eun-Hee Yang, Young-Hun Jin, Mi-Sun Lee, Mu-Seok Seo, Gun-A Kim, Seok-Tae Kwon, Young-Kyung Lee, Bum-Soo Hahn, Gi-Yong Kim, Beong-Yeol Sung, Jong-Bum Kim, Joo-Sung Yang, Seung Ho Lee, Sang Beom Kim, Gun Woo Lee, Mi Ja Shim, Hyun-Su Rho, Hyun Sook Lee, Min Woong Lee, U-Youn Lee, Tae Soo Lee, Gun Woo Lee, Sang Beom Kim, Seung Ho Lee, Jae Ouk Shim, Mi Ja Shim, Min Woong Lee, U-Youn Lee, Tae Soo Lee, Sang Beom Kim, Gun Woo Lee, Jae Ouk Shim, Mi Ja Shim, Min Woong Lee, U-Youn Lee, Tae Soo Lee, Yoon Hee Lee, Jung Sun Lee, Hyun Guell Kim, Kyu Chan Cho, Yong Il Park, Wi Young Lee, Jin Kwon Ahn, Youngki Park, Kang Hyeon Ka, Wi Young Lee, Jin Kwon Ahn, Youngki Park, Kang Hyeon Ka, Sang-Woo Kim, Hyun-Sook Lee, Hyeon-Su Ro, Jeong Weon Yoon, Sung Woo Choi, Hee Kuk Park, Won Jin Yu, Sung Pil Lee, Ae Kyung Juen, Won Woo Kim, Sang Mong Lee, Namsook Park, Eunju Park, Byung Rae Jin, Hong Kyu Kim, Yong Gyun Kim, Gwan Seuk Seo, Se Hyun Oh, Hong Gi Kim, Nam Gyu Kim, Sung Woo Kang, Jung Bae Kim & Hong Gi Kim (2006) Abstracts of Presentations at the 2006 Fall Meeting of the Korean Society of Mycology at the Seoul Kyoyuk Munhwa Hoekwan, Seoul, Korea, October 19–20, Mycobiology, 34:4, 249-261, DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2006.12016017 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/12298093.2006.12016017

© 2006 by The Korean Society of Mycology

Published online: 22 Jun 2018.

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Abstracts of Presentations

at the 2006 Fall Meeting of the Korean Society of Mycology at the Seoul Kyoyuk Munhwa Hoekwan, Seoul, Korea, October 19-20 Notes on Three Species of the Genus Euphoriomyces (Laboulbeniales) from Korea

of Environmental Education & Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540-742, Korea Recent taxonomic study on Anzia in Korean peninsula confirms that only 2 species of A. colpota and A. opuntiella are distributed in South Korea. A. opuntiellais the most common spe-

Yong-Bo Lee , Young-Hee Na , Chae-Kyu Lim , In-Hoa Jang , Dong-Kyoung Jang , Seong-Eun Yun , Sin-Ae Park , Sung-Hee Lim , Hyeon-Na Cho and Mi-Kyeong Lee 1

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Division of Science Education, College of Education, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea. Department of Herbal Medicine Resources Development, Naju College, Naju 520-713, Korea. Major in Biology Education, Graduate School of Education, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea Three species of the genus Euphoriomyces (Laboulbeniales) were found newly from Korea. E. agathidii (Maire) Tavales was collected from Agathidium sp. (Coleoptera, Leiodidae). The 1

cies and can be separated into 2 groups according to morphological difference. Although there was no anatomical difference between 2 groups, one has larger and wider thalli than the other. There was no difference in chemical analysis between 2 groups as well. Molecular analysis was attempted to figure out the separation of the species. DNA was extracted from whole thalli and the ribosomal ITS region was amplified by PCR using fungal specific primers. Resulting products were sequenced to analyze the relationship of A. opuntiella species. A total of 564 bp of rDNA sequence including ITS1 and ITS2 were determined for all specimens. Sequence analysis of A. opuntiella lichens clearly separated the species into 2 groups same as the morphological groups. It was shown that 6% sequence divergence of the ITS region was found within A. opuntiella lichen species tested. The sequence divergence was contributed to the variation of ITS regions between 2 groups, whereas only 1 base was different in 5.8S rDNA region. This sequence divergence implies that A. opuntiella currently treated as same species based on morphological and chemical characteristics can be separated into 2 groups. Further study will be needed to confirm our findings.

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characteristic traits of this species are the distal portion of the primary axis composed of 5~11 superposed layers and bearing more or less the elongated appendages. E. cybocephali (Thaxter) Thaxter was collected from Pseudocolenis hilleri Reitter. (Coleoptera, Leiodidae). The primary axis of this species composed of 5~9 superposed layers is simple, not branched and a single antheridium occurs on the apex of the secondary axis. E. sugiyamae Majewski was collected from Scaphisoma rufum Achard. (Coleoptera, Scaphidiidae). This species is very unique in having the antheridia formed as coner cells with lateral necks.

Taxonomic Studies on Myelochroa from Korea

Yue-Qin Xiao , Young Jin Koh and Jae-Seoun Hur 1

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New Record of Karoowia saxeti (Stizenb.) Hale in South Korea

Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540-742, Korea. Department of Plant Medicine, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540-742, Korea. Department of Environmental Education & Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540-742, Korea Myelochroa is typical foliose lichen characterized by having the 1

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Kwang-Mi Lim , Yoshikazu Yamamoto , Young Jin Koh and Jae-Seoun Hur

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Department of Environmental Education & Sciences, Sunchon National Univerity, Sunchon 540-742, Korea. Department of Biological Production, Faculty of Bioresources Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Japan. Department of Plant Medicine, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540-742, Korea. Department of Environmental Education & Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540-742, Korea Karoowia saxeti was recorded during the lichen field expedition 2

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in southern part of Korea in 2005. The lichen was found on the rock surface along coastal line. This species was easily recognized by chemistry (K+ yellow) and the presence of isidia. Thallus saxicolous, subcrustose, more or less lobate at the center with clearly lobed margins, 2~6 cm broad, pale yellowish green; lobes irregular, variable, upto 1.0 mm wide, not branched, flat to more or less convex, contiguous to subimbricate; upper surface continuous, emaculate, moderately isidiate, the isidia subglobose to cynlindrical, darkening at the tips, unbranched; low surface black with a spongy rhizoidal and lamellar layer. Apothecia initially aspicilioid but soon emergent and sessile, the disk brown, 0.5~0.8 mm in diameter; spore 5~6 × 9~11 ΜM. HPLC analysis proved the presence of stictic acid (K+ yellow), norstictic acid and usnic acid. ITS sequence analysis showed that Korean K. saxeti has a high homology (97%) with Tai-

Molecular Analysis of Korean Anzia opuntiella (Lichenized Ascomycota) Based on ITS-rDNA Sequences

Kwang-Mi Lim , Yue-Qin Xiao , Young Jin Koh and JaeSeoun Hur 1

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yellow-colored medulla. There are 26 species in this genus. Eleven species of Myelochroa have been reported from Korea so far. However, there have been no revisions about them. Careful examination of the specimens collected from the main mountains of South Korea and deposited in the Korean Lichen Research Institute (KoLRI) has been attempted. Nine species have been revealed to occur and confirmed. As the other three species reported by the former Korean lichenologists are not supported by Korean voucher specimens, they were not traceable for this study. A key to the species is provided. The differences among the nine species and the other related species are also presented. This is the first report on taxonomic revision of Myelochroa in Korea.

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Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540-742, Korea. Department of Plant Medicine, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540-742, Korea. Department

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Abstracts of the 2006 Fall Meeting of the Korean Society of Mycology

wanese K. saxeti (AY581063.1) registered in NCBI. This is the first record of this species in South Korea.

istered here with descriptions. supported by grants from KOSEF, RDA and BK21.

Re-identification of KACC Penicillium Strains Isolated in Korea

New Records of Helotiales and Pezizales from Korea (II)

Young-Ah Jeon , Hyo-Jin Kim , Myoung-Sook Shin , Seung-Joo Go and Seung-Beom Hong 1

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Korean Agricultural Culture Collection (KACC), National Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Suwon 441-707, Korea. School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea

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Korean Agricultural Culture Collection (KACC) holds more than 3,000 fungal strains and distributes more than 600 strains to microbial researchers every year. The accurate identification of individual strains is an essential prerequisite for applications to taxonomy and applied researches. However, traditional methods have mainly depended upon morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics, so they have limitations for accurate identification of fungal strains. We have been re-identifying fungal strains using sequence analyses of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and another genes useful for identification since 2005. We carried out re-identification of 367 KACC Penicillium strains using sequence analyses of ITS and beta-tubulin, and reported the results from 30 strains isolated in Korea and identified by scientists in domestic agricultural colleges or institutes.

Some New Species of Boletus and Cantharellus from Korea

Duck-Hyun Cho

Department of Biology, Woosuk University, Wanju 565-701, Korea

Many higher fungi were collected at Korea from 2002 to 2005 and their species were identified. As the result, three Boletus and one Cantharellus are new to world. Among them, Boletus D.H.Cho has the pileus of light yellow, stipe with yellowish rough furrow-net, and none is changed on its color when bruised. B. albopores D.H.Cho has the pileus with darkish, rugulose, tubepores, and white stipe. B. nigrriaeruginosa D.H.Cho is mixed green, negro and yellowish and stipe yellowish. Cantharellus mionr f. sp. pallid color with white at edge.

Taxonomic Study on Korean Aphyllophorales (5) - On Some Unrecorded Genera and Species Jin Sung Lee and Hack Sung Jung 1

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Polar Biocenter, Korea Polar Research Institute, KORDI, Incheon 406-130, Korea. Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea 1

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Total 149 species and 209 strains of Korean Aphyllophorales maintained in Seoul National University Fungus Collection (SFC) were analyzed by taxonomic and phylogenetic methods. Among those examined fungal specimens, nine genera Abundisporus, Antrodiella, Cyphellopsis, Dendrothele, Dichomitus, Laxitextum, Piloderma, Skeletocutis and Tublicrinis, and 23 species, Abundisporus fuscopurpureus, Antrodiella semisupina, Auriporia pileata, Cantharellus subalbidus, Clavulina cinerea, Cyphellopsis confusa, Dendrothele acerina, Dichomitus campestris, Haplotrichum aureum, Heterobasidion annosum, Hyphoderma argillaceum, Hyphodontia tropica, Inonotus dryophilus, Ischnoderma benzoinum, Laxitextum bicolor, Phanerochaete radicata, Phellinus lonicericola, Piloderma byssinum, Skeletocutis nivea, Tomentella terrestris, Trametes elegans, Trametes tenuis and Tubulicrinis accedens were confirmed as new to Korea and reg-

Jae-Gu Han and Hyeon-Dong Shin

Division of Environmantal Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea

A total of 1274 specimens of discomycetes have been collected from various localities of Korea since 2002. In the previous report, seven species were recorded new to Korea. This is a continuation of ‘New records of Helotiales and Pezizales from Korea’. In the present study, Hyaloscypha albohyalina var. albohyalina (Hyaloscyphaceae), Mollisia discolor var. discolor, Mollisia discolor var. longispora, Pezicula carpinea (Dermateaceae) in Helotiales and Otidea bufonia (Pyronemataceae), Pachyella babingtonii (Pezizaceae) in Pezizales are newly added to the mycobiota. Mollisia discolor var. longispora is distinguished from var. discolor by its longer ascospores. Pezicula carpinea collected at Jeju island has host-specificity on Carpinus laxiflora. All materials are housed at MCKU (Mushroom Collections of Korea University).

Taxonomic Concordance of Albugo Species on Brassicaceae and Capparaceae Based on Phylogenetic and Morphological Analyses Young-Joon Choi , Seung-Beom Hong and Hyeon-Dong Shin 1

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Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea. Korean Agricultural Culture Collection, National Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Korea The taxonomic positions of Albugo candida, A. capparis, and A. chardoni were molecularly and morphologically compared. The Albugo isolates infecting two genera Capparis and Cleome in the Capparaceae were originally identified as A. capparis and A. chardoni, respectively, while A. candida infects various host plants belonging to Brassicaceae. The phylogenetic tree 1

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was inferred from the Bayesian analysis of the mitochondrial COX2 sequences, and the former two species formed a wellsupported monophyletic group with A. candida and shared a high level of sequence homology of 99.8~100%. Morphological observation also confirmed conspecificity of the two species and A. candida. From these results, we propose that both A. capparis and A. chardoni should be reduced to taxonomic synonyms under A. candida.

Reidentification of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C. acutatum Isolates Stored in Korean Agricultural Culture Collection (KACC) Dae-Ho Kim , Young-ah Jeon , Seung-Ju Go , Jong-Kyu Lee and Seung-Beom Hong 1,2

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Tree Pathology and Mycology Laboratory, Division of Forest Resources, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea. Korean Agricultural Culture Collection, National Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, RDA, Suwon 441-707, Korea 1

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Korean Agricultural Culture Collection (KACC) have been reidentifying KACC fungal strains using molecular phylogenetic analyses since 2005. We carried out re-identification of KACC Colletotrichum strains, and found the interesting results from C. gloeosporioides. Therefore we studied 41 strains of C. gloeosporioides based on phylogenetic analyses of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and partial ß-

Abstracts of the 2006 Fall Meeting of the Korean Society of Mycology tubulin gene, and cultural characters on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and Benomyl-added PDA. From the result, 21 strains out of them were considered as C. gloeosporioides but the rest C. acutatum (15 strains), C. boninense (2 strains), C. coccodes (2 strains) and C. truncatum sensu lato (1 strain). We also discussed taxonomy and distribution of C. gloeosporioides and C. acutatum isolates from major crops in Korea.

Analysis of Genetic Diversity in Agaricus as Determined by RAPD Analysis

Kab-Yeul Jang , Sun-Gyu Choi , Won-Sik Kong , Young-Bok Yoo , Gyu-Hyun Kim and Jae-Mo Sung 1

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Div. of Applied Microbiology, National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, RDA, Suwon 441-707, Korea. Forest Mushroom Research Center, National Forestry Cooperatives Federation, Yeoju 469-803, Korea. Department of Horticultural Bio-Industry, Cheonan Yonam College, Cheonan 330-709, Korea. Department of Agricultural Biology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea 1

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In this study, as being differentiation of individual strains, grouping and identification of isolates, for systematics of taxonomic aggregates in Agaricus, it is to examine phylogenetic relationship of them, and to offer taxonomic data to classify species similar in shape. RAPD profiles may present several advantages for taxonomic identification and grouping of isolates in the species complex. RAPDs (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNAs) was adopted to discriminate between 7 species of Pleurotus spp, which were 36 strains. Genetic variation in Pleurotus, 36 strains (seven species), were investigated by random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) marker using eight oligonucleotide primers including the OPA08. The result of UPGMA cluster analysis using the PCR data showed that seven species are clustered into various groups. It appeared variation among isolates within genus and species and in Agaricus, and was divided small groups and tended to be classfied by each species in most of species. Agaricus edulis was close relationship with A. bitorquis. A. bisporus group except of a strain was distinguished from other species clearly. It appeared to be able identification isolates as well as being group each species within the genus through analysis of polymorphism using of RAPD.

Phylogenic Analysis of ITS Region Sequences of rDNA from Flammulina velutipes Collected from Asian Countries

Jin Hee Kim , Ji Sun Lee , Ji Young Seo , Hyun-Su Rho , Hyun Sook Lee , Min Woong Lee , U-Youn Lee and Tae Soo Lee 1

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Department of Biology, University of Incheon, Incheon 402749, Korea. Department of Microbiology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea. Department of Biology, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Korea Flammulina velutipes, one of edible mushrooms belonging to

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Tricholomataceae of Basidiomycota, has been cultivated for 25 years in Korea. Eighteen fruiting bodies of F. velutipes were collected from Korea, China and Japan. Genomic DNA were isolated from the 18 collected strains. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the ribosomal DNA gene from F. velutipes were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The base sequences in each isolate of F. velutipes were compared. The length of bases within ITS region I and II were 214~249 bp and 243~263 bp among 18 tested strains, respectively. The analysis of ITS region sequences indicated that F. velutipes in Korea, China and Japan were classified into three clusters.

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Morphological Properties of a Leptographium Species Isolated from the Roots of Pinus thunbergii Parlatore

Min Woo Hyun , Wook Ha Park , Ji Hye Kim , Jin Su Kim , Seung Kyu Lee , Kyung Hee Kim and Seong Hwan Kim 1

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Department of Microbiology, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Korea. Department of Forest Diseases and Insect Pests, Korea Forest Research Institute, Seoul 130-712, Korea Leptogrphium spp. are anamorph of Ophiostoma, Ceratocystis, Grossmania, and some of species the species are associated 1

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with serious diseases of trees and cause blue or black stain in coniferous trees. A Leptogrphium fungus was isolated from black stained area in the roots of unhealthy Japanese Black Pine in Janghang, Chungnam. In this work we examined morphological and genetic properties of the isolated fungus. The fungus grew optimally at 25 C and showed a high level of tolerance to cycloheximide (200 µg/ml). Its conidiophores are occurring singly or in group of four, arising directly from the mycelium, slightly bended at center of hyphae, occasionally erect, 81~313 µm mecronematous, mononematous with rhizoid like structure present their base. Stipes are dark brown, not constricted, 2~7 septate, 42~250 µm long and 2~8 µm wide, apical cell not swollen, basal cell not swollen. Conidiogeneous apparatus is 30~80 long, excluding the conidial mass, 3~5 series cylindrical branches. Overall this Leptographium isolate has similar morphology to that of L. pini-densiflorae described in the literature. However, this fungus has a distinct conidium apparatus, conidiogeneous cell, conidiophore shape, occasionally constricted branches, and conidia shape. Phylogenetic analysis using sequence data of the rDNA and -tubulin gene showed that this fungus diverged from L. pini-densiflorae and other known Leptographium, suggesting it is an undescribed taxon. o

Comparative Study of Environmental and Nutritional Factors on the Mycelial Growth of Edible Mushrooms

Imtiaj Ahmed , Jayasinghe Chandana , Hyun-Su Rho , Hyun Sook Lee , Sang Beom Kim and Tae Soo Lee 1,2

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Department of Biology, University of Incheon, Incheon 402749, Korea. Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh, Royal Botanic Garden, Peradenaya, Sri Lanka, Department of Microbiology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea 1

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The culture condition for the mycelial growth of 444 strains under 10 edible mushrooms species was investigated. Temperature suitable for the mycelial growth was obtained at 25 C but optimal range of temperature was 20~30 C. Mushroom has a broad pH range (5~9) for their mycelial growth and mostly favorable growth found at pH value 6 and 7. Based on mycelial growth and density Hamada, Lilly, PDA and YM were the most suitable media. On the other hand, Czapek’s, Hoppkins and Hennerberg were the most unfavorable media for radial growth of mushrooms. Among 10 different carbon sources, dextrin, fructose and sucrose were the best but lactose and galactose were the most unfavorable carbon sources. In every carbon source mycelial density was compact to somewhat compact. The most suitable nitrogen sources were glycine, ammonium acetate and calcium nitrate but most unsuitable were histidine and ammonium phosphate for mycelial growth on the culture media. In all of the nitrogen sources mycelial density was found somewhat thin to thin. o

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Morphological and Molecular Identification of Aspergillus candidus and A. flavus Isolated from Stored Rice

Ji Yeon Oh , Sam Nyu Jee , Hojoung Lee , Mun Il Ryoo and 1

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Abstracts of the 2006 Fall Meeting of the Korean Society of Mycology

Ki Deok Kim

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Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Korea. Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Korea 1

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In the previous study of fungal population and diversity in stored rice collected from 12 regions of Korea, two dominant isolates, Asp 317 and Asp 57, were observed and examined to identify. The characteristics of isolates were compared to the reference isolates Aspergillus candidus KACC 41846 and A. flavus KACC 40244 from Korean Agricultural Culture Collection (KACC), Suwon, Korea, respectively. Each isolate was inoculated on Czapek yeast agar, Czapek dox agar, malt extract agar, and Czapek yeast agar with 20% sucrose. Asp 317 showed pale yellow conidia and white mycelium which were similar to those of the reference isolate KACC 41846. However, Asp 57 showed deep green colored conidia and white mycelium which were similar to those of the reference isolate KACC 40244. Microscopic characteristics of Asp 317 seemed highly similar to those of the KACC 41846. Conidial heads are radiate, walls smooth, vesicles globose, conidia globose and smooth-walled. Isolate Asp 57 was observed to be similar to the KACC 40244 showing radiate to columnar conidial heads, globose conidia with smooth walls. For molecular identification of Asp 317, we used mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene. Primers targeting mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene amplified the same sequence between Asp 317 and KACC 41846. Therefore, these results showed that isolate Asp 317 could be identified as A. candidus while isolate Asp 57 may be A. flavus.

Effect of Endophytic Fungi and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Plant Community Structure Sang Hyeon Park and Ahn Heum Eom

Department of Biology, Korea National University of Education, Cheongwon 363-791, Korea

This study was conducted to investigate effects of foliar endophytic fungi and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on plant community structure in experimental microcosms containing an assemblage of six species of plant (Oenothera odorata, Plantago asiatica, Trifolium repens, Isodon japonicus, Aster yomena, Iris pallasii). Three species of AM fungal spores were extracted from pure cultures and the mixture of the four species was inoculated. Leaves of Sasa borealis, Potentilla fragarioides, Viola mandshurica, Arundinella hirta were collected in Chungbuk. Endophytic fungi isolated from the surface sterilized leaves were identified to species using molecular and morphological techniques. Six isolates of the endophytic fungi were inoculated to the leaves of host plants. After four months of growth in green house, effects of both symbiotic fungi on plant species diversity, community composition and productivity were examined. The plant species diversity and composition showed significant differences with inoculation of the symbiotic fungi. Results indicate that both symbiotic fungi may significantly affect plant community structure.

Plant Growth Promoting Activity of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Medicinal Plants in Korea

Narayan Chandra Paul, Won Ki Kim, Sung Kyoon Woo, Yun Woo Jang, Myung Soo Park and Seung Hun Yu

Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea

Twelve plant growth promoting fungi (PGPF) isolates were selected in vitro from 321 endophytic fungi which were isolated from different medicinal plants in Korea. On the basis of their molecular characteristics 12 isolates were identified as Cladosporium (n = 1), Diaporthe (n = 1), Leptosphaeria (n = 2), Polyporus (n = 1), Phomopsis (n = 1), Spirosphaera (n = 1) and unidentified species (n = 5). Germination rate of seed treated with isolate CNU050703 increased 5.3% more compared to the control. Three isolates significantly promoted the growth of rice in vitro. Out of selected twelve endophytic isolates, five showed cucumber growth promotion in vivo. Isolate CNU050732 significantly increased the growth of cucumber followed by CNU050726 in vivo. Little growth promotion was found by isolates CNU050605, CNU050685 and CNU050804.

Effect of Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Diversity on Growth of Pinus densiflora Miyeong Sim and Ahn-Heum Eom

Department of Biology, Korea National University of Education, Cheongwon 363-791, Korea

This study was conducted to investigate effect of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal diversity on Pinus densiflora seedlings. Total five species of ectomycorrhizal fungi were isolated from root tips of pine seedlings collected from Mt. Songni and used as inocula: Phialocephala fortinii, Cenococcum geophilum, Mollisia cinerea, Leptodontidium elatius and Lachnum pygmaeum. Single species and a mixture of five ECM fungal species were inoculated to the pots containing pine seedlings. ECM was formed on all of the seedlings except for control plants. Growth of pine seedlings responded differently on different ECM fungal species. Also, pine seedlings inoculated mixture of five ECM species showed the highest biomass. Results suggest that colonization of more diverse species of ECM fungi would increase plant productivity and the selection of suitable ECM fungal species could be important factor for the plant growth.

Diversity of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi from Pinus densiflora Seedlings in Disturbed Forests Eun-Hwa Lee, Suk Kim and Ahn-Heum Eom

Department of Biology, Korea National University of Education, Cheongwon 363-791, Korea

The purpose of this research is to investigate diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM) colonizing pine seedlings for the selection of suitable ECM fungi to restoration of disturbed forests in Korea. Three disturbed forests were selected in Korea and the pine seedlings with a ECM fungi were randomly collected at disturbed and undisturbed sites in a forest to compare ECM fungal community between sites. Tips of the roots were observed under microscope and the identity of ECM fungal taxa was determined based on morphotyping and molecular analysis through PCR with a fungal specific primer pair ITS1F/ ITS4 and sequence analysis. Diversity of ECM fungal mophotype and species composition of ECM fungal communities were various in disturbed sites. The major ECM fungal species in disturbed sites were Araricales, Pezizales, Thelephorales. In conclusion, the composition of ECM fungal communities of a disturbed site was significantly different from a undisturbed site. A possible use of ECM fungi identified in this study for the revegetation of disturbed forest was discussed.

Tolerance of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi from Coal Mining Spoil to Heavy Metals Yoo Mee Lee and Ahn Heum Eom

Abstracts of the 2006 Fall Meeting of the Korean Society of Mycology Department of Biology Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongwon 363-791, Korea

In this study, tolerance of four species of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi to heavy metals, Cu, Zn were investigated. Two species of ECM fungi, Cenococcum geophilum and Phialocephala fortinii were isolated from pine seedlings in an abandoned coal mine spoils in Korea, contaminated with high levels of heavy metals. The other two species of ECM, Pisolithus tinctorinus and Rhizoscyphus ericae were isolated from pine seedlings in soil with normal concentration of heavy metals. After 4 weeks of growth on the MMN media containing 25, 50, 75 and 100 ppm of CuSO and ZnSO , tolerance of the ECM fungi was measured as inhibition of radial growth. All four ECM fungal species showed significantly higher tolerance to both heavy metals than other fungi. However, native fungal species in coal mine spoils showed higher tolerance to the heavy metals than the other ECM fungi. The results suggest that use of native ECM fungi would be an important factor in success in establishing seedlings in heavy metal contaminated soil such as mine spoils. 4

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Genetic Diversity in Iprobenfos-Sensitive and Resistant Isolates of Pyricularia grisea Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis Ki Deok Kim, Eui Nam Kim and Sam Nyu Jee

Plant Disease and Biocontrol Lab, Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Korea

In order to study genetic variation among populations of 50 sensitive and 50 resistant isolates of Pyricularia grisea (= P. oryzae) to iprobenfos, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-based DNA fingerprinting of P. grisea was used with four primers (OPA-04, OPA-13, OPJ-06, and OPN-03) and produced 44 RAPD polymorphic bands. Cluster analysis on these bands revealed the presence of high genotypic diversity and continuous DNA fingerprint variation in the fungal population. The correlation was observed between RAPD patterns and fungicide resistance to iprobenfos. Unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) cluster analysis shows the presence of five main clusters. A similar pattern was obtained when principal coordinate analysis (PCO) was applied. Within clusters, similarity was higher than 70% except for the cluster V. When these clusters were compared in mycelial growth and sporulation as fitness components, there were closer relationships between RAPD-derived clusters and fungal fitness components. These results may indicate that isolates resistant to iprobenfos generally have higher ability in the fitness components with genetic variation.

The Optimal Culture Conditions for Mycelial Growth of

Lentinus giganteus Jin Hee Kim , Gun Woo Lee , Sang Beom Kim , Hyun-Su Rho , Hyun Sook Lee , Min Woong Lee , U-Youn Lee and Tae Soo Lee 1

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Department of Biology, University of Incheon, Incheon 402749, Korea. Department of Microbiology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea. Department of Biology, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Korea Lentinus giganteus, one of edible and medicinal mushrooms 1

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belonging to Tricholomataceae of Basidiomycota, has been known to exhibit outstanding inhibitory effect on the Sarcoma 180 of mice. As one of preliminary experiment for producing fruiting-body of L. giganteus, the culture conditions for myce-

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lial growth were carried out. The optimal conditions for mycelial growth were 25 C and pH 6, respectively. The favorable mycelial growth of L. giganteus was obtained in the Mushroom complete medium. The carbon and nitrogen sources promoting for optimal mycelial growth of L. giganteus were fructose and glycine, respectively. The favorable C/N ratio was about 40 : 1 in case that 3% glucose was supplimented to the basal medium as a carbon source. o

Selection of Entomopathogenic Fungi for the Control of Myzus persicae and Aphis gossypii

Van Hanh VU , Suk Il Hong and Keun Kim 1

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Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, The University of Suwon, Suwon 445-743, Korea. Institute of Biotechnology, Korea Bio Co., Ltd, Suwon 445-964, Korea Various strains of entomopathogenic fungi such as Lecanicillium lecanii, Paecinomyces farinosus, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Cordyceps scarabaeicola and Nomuraea rileyi were screened for the aphid control. Among all entomopathogenic fungi, L. lecanii 41185 showed the best virulent pathogenicity. The mortality of Myzus persicae and Aphis gossypii induced by L. lecanii 41185 was nearly 100% by 5 ± 1

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1 and 2 days after treatment with aerial conidia and the LT was 1.8 and 1.4 days, respectively. The mortality of aphid was drastically depended on the different concentrations of conidia 10 ~10 /ml but no significant difference was found between 10 and 10 conidia/ml in causing mortality. Almost of the tested strains of entomopathogenic fungi could grow at different temperatures at 15~30 C. L. lecanii strains showed the optimum growth at 25 C, whereas B. bassiana J57, P. farinosus J301 and C. scarabaeicola J94 exhibited optimum growth at 30 C, 20 C, and 30 C, respectively. The aerial conidia of tested entomopathogenic fungi could germinate at 15~30 C but no observed germination was found at 35 C except L. lecanii 41185. 50

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Stimulation of Mycelial Growth and Yield Increase of Lentinula edodes Fruiting Body by Treatment of Wood Vinegar from Quercus Species Keum Chul Shin and Jong Kyu Lee

Division of Forest Environment & Resources, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea

In order to find out the proper concentrations and application methods for the practical use in Lentinula edodes cultivation, mycelial growth was compared on culture media supplemented with wood vinegar from Quercus species at the different concentrations. Mycelial growth was stimulated at the concentrations of 1 and 0.5 µg/ml. Complete growth inhibition of the major pathogenic fungi such as Trichoderma spp. and Diatrype stigma was obtained at the concentration of 2 µg/ml. Fruiting body production of L. edodes from submerged wood logs under the wood vinegar solution was increased as compared to untreated control. Dry weight of harvested fruiting bodies from the logs submerged at the concentration of 10− dilution showed a significant differences. Storage test of fruiting bodies harvested from the logs submerged under the water adjusted with different concentrations, wrapped with vinyl film, and kept at 10 C for 10 days showed the best results at the treatment of 0.4 µg/ml in color, shape, and freshness. Shear force value measured by texture analyzer also showed relatively higher value than others at the treatment of 0.4 µg/ml concentration. Application of wood vinegar in wood log cultivation of L. edodes seems to be very potential for increasing yield as well as fresh2

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Abstracts of the 2006 Fall Meeting of the Korean Society of Mycology

ness of fruiting bodies if it can be used at the proper concentrations.

Detection of Mn-Peroxidase from Soil and Wood-Rot Fungi Using Antibody against Mn-Peroxidase of Trametes versicolor KN9522 Jong-Gab Jung , Moo-Hee Mun , Sang-Cheol Jun and KyuJoong Kim 1

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Dept of Biology, Kangnung National University, Kangnung 210-701, Korea. Div of Biological Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea We purified Mn-peroxidase isozyme family from Trametes versicolor KN9522. We also extracted total proteins from soil in 1

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the fired forest. Polyclonal antibody was prepared against the purified peroxidase in the rabbit. Mn-peroxidase could be detected from the samples and several types of wood-rot fungi using the antibody by western blot. From the above results, we could analyze Mn-peroxidase and the patterns of wood-rot fungi.

Effect of Nano-silver Liquid (NanoverTM) on the Mycelial Growth of Plant Pathologenic Fungi

Sang-Woo Kim , Young-Jae Kim , Eun-Jung Kim , Ji-Seon Min , Youn-Su Lee , Seung-Bin Kim , Moo-Young Jung , ManSu Yu , Dong-Jun Kim , Hak-Ro Youn and Sung-Man Han 1

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Division of Bio-resources Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea. Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, Pohang 790-784, Korea. Department of Industrial and Management Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang 790-784, Korea. Korea Chem Tech. Co., Ansan 425-130, Korea, Garisan Agri. Co., Hongcheon 250-822, Korea. Hwang-To Maul Co., Whasung 445-911, Korea 1

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Among various materials, nano-silver has been known to inhibit effectively almost all microorganism under various different concentrations. Therefore, we have conducted in vitro experiments with nano-silver liquid (Nanover ) for their effect against various plant pathogenic fungi. Different types of nanosilver liquid (Nanover ), WA-CV-WA13B, WA-AT-WB13R, and WA-PR-WB13R were used. These are classified based on different manufacturing processes. The tested nano-silver liquid (Nanover ) was produced by Bioplus Co., and provided by Korea Chem Tech., and the tested fungi were provided by KACC. As a result of the study, Nanover WA-CV-WA13B showed the highest inhibitory effect against the tested fungi as compared to other Nanover preparations. Nanover WA-ATWB13R showedthe lowest inhibitory effect. Nanover WA-PRWB13R showed inhibitory effect better than WA-AT-WB13R. At 100ppm concentration of Nanover WA-CV-WA13B, mycelial growth of F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum, F. oxysporum f. sp. lypersici, F. oxysporum, F. solani, Fusarium sp., B. cinerea, and C. gloeosporioides were inhibited slowly at first. Nanover WA-CV-WA13B inhibited the mycelial growth of Alternaria alternata, Alternaria brassicicola, Monosporascus cannonballus at concentrations of 25ppm or over. Nanover WA-CV-WA13B inhibited the mycelial growth of Sclerotinia minor, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Stemphylium lycopersici, and Stemphylium solani at concentration of 10ppm or over. TM

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Effect of Soil pH on the Microbial Density and Diversity in Relation to the Degradation of Fallen Leaves Kye Seung Jang , Yeo Hong Yun , Hun Dal Yoo , Hyo Sun Jang , Seong Hwan Kim and Chung Hwa Lee 1

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Department of Microbiology, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Korea. Department of Forest Conservation, Korea Forest Research Institute, Seoul 130-712, Korea

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To understand the role of microorganisms in the decay of fallen leave in this study we investigated the effect of soil pH on the diversity and population of bacteria and fungi in the soils where fallen leaves were subject to be degraded naturally. For the experiment, fallen leaves were put in gauze and placed on the surface of soils with pH 3, 3.5, 4.5, 5, and 5.5, respectively, in a hill at Hongneung, Seoul and let them decay for 2 years in nature. Two 2 yr later, soil samples were collected from the underneath of the decayed leaves and analyzed for microbial population and diversity. The density of bacteria seems to be increased according to the increase of pH in both the broadleaves and needle-leaves. While, the density of fungi fluctuated and was relatively high in the soil samples of pH 3 and 5.5. Commonly dominantly isolated species from all the soil samples were Burkholderia spp., Chryseobacterium spp. and Bacillus spp. in bacteria and Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp. and Trichoderma spp. in fungi. These dominant fungal species showed the ability of producing cellulase, cellobiohydrolase, and xylanase. However, there is no significant difference in the microbial diversity among soils of different pH. Overall, it seems that the degree of degradation of fallen leaves is related to the density of soil microorganisms rather than diversity of soil microorganisms.

Fruiting Bodies Formation of Cordyceps bassiana from Beauveria Isolate Using Single Conidial Isolation

Je-O Lee *, Sang-Kuk Han , Eun-Jeong Ham , Bhushan Shrestha , Ho-Kyoung Kim , Tae-Woong Kim and Jae-Mo Sung 1

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Entomopathogenic Fungal Culture Collection (EFCC), Department of Applied Biology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea. Green Energy Mission/Nepal, P.O. Box 10647, Kathmandu, Nepal. Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, Korea In general, Beauveria species produce only mycelia or synnemata in vitro. But, single conidial isolates of Beauveria sp.

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EFCC C-13188, preserved in Entomopathogenic Fungal Culture Collection (EFCC), Kangwon National University, fruiting bodies that had perithecial stromata. The specimen of Beauveria sp. EFCC C-13188 was collected from Yang-yang, Gangwon-Do in October 2005. Eight single conidial isolates derived from the original isolate of EFCC C-13188 were numbered from 131881 to 13188-8. Different combinations of single conidial isolates 13188-1x4, 13188-1x5, 13188-3x8, 13188-4x5, 13188-4x6, 13188-4x7 and 13188-5x8 produced perithecial stromata, whereas isolates 13188-2 and 13188-4 produced perithecial stromata without combination. Mycelial growth characteristics ands of perithecial stromata were like those of Cordyceps. The present study reports the formation of sexual stage of Cordyceps bassiana from Beauveria isolate. Further studies are necessary to confirm the relationship between the sexual and asexual life stages of Cordyceps species with Beauveria anamorphs.

Cultural Characteristics and Favorable Condition of Mycelial Growth by Tricholoma matsutake

Won-Ho Lee , Su-Young Lee , Cheol-Soon Ko , Beom-Suk Kim and Jae-Mo Sung 1

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Entomopathogenic Fungal Culture Collection (EFCC), Department of Applied Biology, Kangwon National University, Chun-

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Abstracts of the 2006 Fall Meeting of the Korean Society of Mycology cheon 200-701, Korea. Mushtech Co. Ltd., Chuncheon 200161, Korea. Agricultural Technology & Extension Center, Yangyang 215-821, Korea 2

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The main objectives of this research were to study the cultural and nutritional characteristics of Tricholoma matsutake and to establish its liquid culture system. Ectomycorrhizal formation of T. matsutake was also observed by inoculating liquid spawn in the pine forest. The last objective of this research was to study the possibility of fruiting induction of T. matsutake by density control, sprinkle irrigation and liquid inoculation. The optimum culture media for mycelial growth of T. matsutake were MYA and TMM. The optimum temperature for the mycelial growth was 25 C. Growth and ectomycorrhizal formation of T. matsutake could be observed up to 2~5 months after liquid inoculation in pine forest. Difference in ectomycorrhizal morphology could not be observed between naturally existing and artificially inoculated mycelia of T. matsutake. It showed survival rate of 40~50% on inoculation region. o

Band Formation and Fruiting Body Production of Cordyceps militaris from Various Regions of Single Spore Colonies Beom-Suk Kim, Je-O Lee, Sang-Kuk Han, Won-Ho Lee, Bhushan Shrestha and Jae-Mo Sung

Entomopathogenic Fungal Culture Collection (EFCC), Department of Applied Biology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea Two specimens of Cordyceps militaris EFCC 12025 and EFCC

12448 were collected in July and August 2004, respectively, from Korea. Thick mycelial bands were formed between the cultures EFCC 12025-1 and -2, -1 and -3, -1 and -4, -1 and -5, -2 and -5, -3 and -4, -3 and -5, and -4 and -5 when inoculated on opposite sides of SDAY agar plates. Later, in vitro stromata were grown by inoculating mycelial discs from the meeting line between the cultures and from the boundary line of the cultures. Only EFCC 12025-1-4 and -1-5 produced fruiting bodies by both methods. In case of single spore cultures of EFCC 12448-2, -3, -4, -5 and -6, mycelial bands were formed at the meeting line between the cultures of EFCC 12448 -2 and -3, -3 and -4, -4 and -5, and -4 and -6. Fruiting bodies were produced from 12448 -2-3, -2-6, -3-5, and -5-6. 12448-2 and -3 produced band and fruiting bodies. But, 124482 and -6, -3 and -5,and -5 and -6 did not produce band but produced fruiting bodies. 12448-4 and -5 produced band but not fruiting bodies. Thus, it was observed that band formation between the cultures had no direct relationship with the fruiting body formation. Fruiting bodies were produced from the boundary of right and left sides (Method A), from the boundary of the median regions (Method B), from single mycelial disc (Method C) and from two mycelial discs from the meeting region of 12448 cultures (Method D). In case of 12448 -2-3, fruiting bodies were produced by Methods B, C and D. In case of -2-6 and -3-5, fruiting bodies were produced from Methods C and D only. In case of -5-6, fruiting bodies were produced from all methods except Method A of culture 5. In case of -4-5, no fruiting bodies were produced at all. Hence, it was observed mostly that the mycelial discs from the meeting line between the cultures produced fruiting bodies, but not from the boundary regions.

Functional Screening of Genes from Edible Mushroom Pleurotus eryngii in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Jinju Kim, Hyun-Sook Lee and Hyeon-Su Ro

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Department of Microbiology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea Edible mushrooms including Pleurotus eryngii, P. ostreatus, Flammulina velutipes, Lentinus edodes are some of the most

important farm products worldwide. They share approx. $1 billion market in Korea already. Regardless of their commercial importance, however, few attentions have been paid to study basic features in mushroom biology such as mushroom cell division, cell-to-cell communication, fruiting body development, etc. In this work, we report construction of a genomic DNA library of P. eryngii and functional screening of mushroom genes involved in cell division cycle using various temperaturesensitive mutants of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To construct the genomic DNA library, we firstly extracted genomic DNA from the mushroom mycelia. DNA fragments corresponding to the size of 3~5 kb were generated by the treatment of a restriction enzyme Sau3AI. The fragments were ligated into the BamHI site of a yeast multicopy vector pRS425. The resulting genomic DNA library was introduced into yeast cell cycle mutant strains such as cdc5-1, cdc15-2, dbf2-2. The yeast cells outgrown at a restrictive temperature was screened. Subsequently, the recovered plasmids from the selected yeast cell cultures were subjected to sequence determination. Functional studies on the isolated genes in both S. cerevisiae and P. eryngii are under progress.

New Synthetic Medium for Germinating Fungus, Mycena

osmundicola Kwang-Joon Chang , Kang-Hyeon Ka , Hyeon Hur , In-Pyo Hong , Jae-Ouk Shim , Tae-Soo Lee , Ji-Yul Lee and MinWoong Lee 1

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Department of Life Science, Dongguk University, Seoul 100715, Korea. Department of Biology, University of Incheon, Incheon 402-749, Korea Mycena osmundicola, one of the seed germinating fungi, was cultured on oak leave for induction of seed germinating of Gastrodia elata. There was some difficulty to grow the fungi prop-

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erly in petri dish for long observation in laboratory condition. To overcome such a difficulty in laboratory, new culture media were established. The medium was prepared using oak leaves with mixture of rice bran (10 g/liter). The oak leaves were dried in oven and after that it were ground in mortar. One gram of the ground leaf material was added to PDA. The rate of new media were the same as seed germination rate comparing with leaves culture method and was much handy to spread seed on the agar plate.

Plate Assay of Cellobiohydrolase, Pectinase, and Xylanase in

Penicillium Ji Hwan Yoon , Ji Eun Park , Hyun Seok Jo , Dong Yeon Suh , Seong Hwan Kim , Seung Beom Hong and Seung Ju Ko 1

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Department of Microbiology, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Korea. National Institute of Agriculture and Biotechnology, RDA, Suwon 441-707, Korea Penicillium is very common as a food spoilage organism and also in indoor environments. Many Penicillium fungi have been 1

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isolated in Korea for several decades. But their ability of producing enzymes has not been evaluated yet. To evaluate their ability of producing enzyme in this study we performed a plate assay using a mixture of chromogenic substrates and media. A total of 119 Pencillium species including 347 isolates from Korea were testedtheir ability of degrading cellobiose, pectin, and xylan. Tests with 4 different chromogenic-dyes, congo red,

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Abstracts of the 2006 Fall Meeting of the Korean Society of Mycology

phenol red, remazol brilliant blue and tryphan blue showed that congo-red was the most useful dye in the clear detection of cellobiohydrolase, pectinase, and xylanase. The activity of cellobiohydrolase in Penicillium was generally strong in all the Penicillium isolates tested. P. citrinum, P. charlesii, P. manginii and P. aurantiacum showed the higher ability of producing cellobiohydrolase than other tested species. Pectinase activity was detected in 59 Penicillium isolates. P. paracanescens, P. sizovae, P. sartoryi, P. chrysogenum, and P. claviforme showed strong pectinase activity. In xylanase assay 113 Penicillium isolates showed activity. Strong xylanase activity was detected from P. megasporum, P. sartoryi, P. chrysogenum, P. glandicola, P. discolor, and P. coprophilum. The degree of pectinase and xylanase activity varied depending on both Penicillium species and isolates.

Determination of Antioxidative Potential of Antarctic Lichens in Vitro Heng Luo , Young Jin Koh and Jae-Seoun Hur 1

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Department of Environmental Education & Sciences, Sunchon National Univerity, Sunchon 540-742, Korea. Department of Plant Medicine, Sunchon National Univerity, Sunchon 540-742, Korea 1

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The study was aimed at evaluating the antioxidant activities of 10 antarctic lichen species such as Cladonia furcata, Cladonia scabriuscula, Himantormia lugubris, Pseudephebe pubescens, Ramalina terebrata, Sphaerophorus globosus, Umbilicaria Antarctica, Usnea Antarctica, Usnea aurantiaco-atra and Xanthoria elegans. The antioxidant activity against lipid peroxidation, reducing power, superoxide anion radical scavenging activity and free radical scavenging activity were examined. Methanol extract of some lichen species showed very strong antioxidant activity at the concentration of 0.2 to 2 mg/ml. For example, Ramalina terebrata scavenged more than 85% of DPPH at the concentration of 2 mg/ml. Sphaerophorus globosus also scavenged 98% of surperoxide anion at the same concentration. All these activities were found to be concentration-dependent. The result indicates that antarctic lichens of Himantormia lugubris, Ramalina terebrata, Sphaerophorus globosus, Usnea antarctica and Xanthoria elegans have strong antioxidant activity and they can be used as a potential bioresource for novel natural antioxidant.

Determination of Antioxidative Potential of Chinese Lichens in Vitro Heng Luo , Young Jin Koh and Jae-Seoun Hur 1

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Department of Environmental Education & Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540-742, Korea. Department of Plant Medicine, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540-742, Korea 1

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Twenty species of Chinese lichens were examined to evaluate their antioxidant activity against lipid peroxidation, reducing power, superoxide anion radical scavenging activity and free radical scavenging activity. Methanol extract of lichen thalli were used at the concentration of 1 and 2 mg/ml. Among the 20 species, Allocetraria madreporiformis, Cladonia rangiferina, Evernia mesomorpha, Peltigera canina, Thamnolia vermicularis and Umbilicaria sp. exhibited stronger antioxidant activity than other species. Gradient concentrations (0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg/ml) of these six lichens showed that all the tested activities were concentration-dependent. They effectively inhibited linoleic acid peroxidation and scavenged free radical DPPH and superoxide anion, whereas they were not effective in reducing power, com-

pared to positive control. The result suggests these six species of Chinese lichens can be used as a potential bioresource for novel natural antioxidant.

Anticancer Activity of Lethariella zahlbruckneri against Human Colon Carcinoma Cell Line HT-29 in Vitro

Mei Rong Ren , Kwon-Il Seo , Young Jin Koh and Jae-Seoun Hur 1

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Department of Environmental Education & Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540-742, Korea. Department of Food & Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540742, Korea. Department of Plant Medicine, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 540-742, Korea Highland Chinese lichen of Lethariella zahlbruckneri was firstly

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attempted to investigate biological activity of the lichen against human colon carcinoma cell line HT-29 in vitro. Effects of the lichen extract on cell apoptosis, cytotoxicity and cell growth were examined at the concentration of 10 to 200 µg/ml. Methanol and acetone extract of the lichen thalli effectively inhibited the cell growth and induced apoptosis of the cell in a dosedependent manner. Acetone extract was more effective in cell growth inhibition than methanol extract, even at the low concentration (10 µg/ml). Acetone extract showed significant cytotoxicity (IC ≤ 30 µg/ml) against the cell line, whereas methanol extract showed moderate cytotoxicity ((IC ≤ 100 µg/ml). In the cell cycle assay, neither of the extract showed significant activity, even at the high concentration (100 µg/ml). This study suggests that L. zahlbruckneri can be used as a potential bioresource to develop novel natural substances for colon cancer treatment. 50

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Optimization of Gibberellin Production by Fusarium prolifertum KGL0401 and Its Involvement in Waito-c Rice Growth Soon-Ok Rim , Jin-Hyung Lee , In-Joong Lee , In-Koo Rhee and Jong-Guk Kim 1

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Department of Microbiology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea. Department of Agriculture, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea. Department of Agriculture Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea 1

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Gibberellins (GAs) are a large family of isoprenoid plant hormones, that control many aspects of plant development, including seed germination, shoot elongation, flower formation and development, fruit-setting, seed development, sex determination, and the chlorophyll content. Fusarium proliferatum KGL0401 was previously isolated from Physalis alkekengi var. francheti plant roots and exhibited higher GA productivity than wild type Gibberella fujikuroi. aim of this work was to find out an optimal culture condition for GA production.carbon (fructose, glucose, lactose, maltose, sucrose) and nitrogen (KNO , urea, glycine, NaNO , NH Cl) sources were used for this study. GAs activities were analysed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The highest yield of GA was found in the growth medium supplemented with sucrose as carbon source and NH Cl as nitrogen source. The optimum carbon-nitrogen concentration for GA production was found to be 50 mM : 17 mM. Supernatant was prepared from the culture fluid of F. proliferatum KGL0401 cultured for 7 days at 30 C and the 10 µl supernatant was treated with 2 leaf-rice seedling. 3

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Molecular Cloning and Characterization of MnP cDNAs from Polyporus brumalis

Abstracts of the 2006 Fall Meeting of the Korean Society of Mycology Sun Hwa Ryu, A Young Lee, Hee Kyoung Sohn and Myung Kil Kim

Division of Wood Chemistry & Microbiology, Korea Forest Research Institute (KFRI), Seoul 130-712, Korea The white-rot fungus, Polyporus brumalis (KFRI 20912) strain

in Korea, has a resistance on the treatment with 250 uM DBP. In the medium containing 100 uM DBP, 90% of DBP was degraded after 12 days of incubation. The MnP activity was gradually increased in the DBP treated groups. New 6 MnP genes have cloned from Polyporus brumalis for the purpose of understanding the physiological role of MnP during the degradation of DBP by white rot fungi. In MnP proteins deduced from cDNAs, all of them have similar properties in the size of ORF (360 to 365) and the pI (4.0 to 4.8), while identities of their amino acid sequences range from 62 to 96%. This suggests that the diversity in amino acid sequences may reflect differences in enzyme properties and biological functions although the analyzed MnPs are in the same families. In RT-PCR analysis all the MnP genes were highly expressed in the shallow stationary culture (SSC) liquid medium. Further analysis of the six MnP genes will be discussed in terms of the degradation of aromatic xenobiotics.

Identification of Genes Regulated by Kns1p in Candida albicans Ja-Young Yoon, Yun-Hee Park and Hee-Moon Park

Department of Microbiology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea

Previously we have reported the role of dual-specificity LAMMER kinase in yeast morphogenesis. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, LAMMER kinase homolog, Lkh1p, acts as a negative regulator of filamentous growth and flocculation (Kim et al., 2001). Our unpublished results also showed the involvement of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae LAMMER kinase, ScKns1, in filamentous growth of the yeast cells. Based on these results, we tried to reveal the involvement of Kns1p in differentiation of the opportunistic human pathogen, Candida albicans. We cloned the CaKNS1and constructed the single- and double-disruptant of the CaKNS1. Interestingly, the CaKNS1 disruption showed significant alterations in hyphae and colony morphology in gene-dosage dependent manner on various culture conditions. In addition, the disruptants showed lower biofilmforming activity and lower level of chlamydospore-production than the wild type. With the aid of the DEG-screening method, we screened genes regulated by CaKNS1 under the condition for induction of growth and identified several genes including CaOSH4 for oxysterol binding protein. The cellular function of the CaKNS1-regulated genes in relation to themorphogenesis of the C. albicans will be discussed.

Analysis of CpPK1 Substrates Using a Proteomic Analysis Joong-Keun Lee , Seung-Moon Park , Moon-Sik Yang , TaiBoong Uhm and Dae-Hyuk Kim 1

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Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea. Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea The cppk1 gene encodes the Ser/Thr protein kinase of Cryphonectria parasitica and is transcriptionally up-regulated by

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the presence of hypovirus CHV1-EP713. The cppk1 is important for coordinating growth with development and maintaining cell wall integrity. In order to identify CpPK1-dependent substrates, we conducted kinase-assisted two dimensional (2-D)

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polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using partially purified CpPK1 and protein substrate. Among 70 fractions of cell-free extracts by HPLC using gel-filtration column, only one fraction have shown the presence of the CpPK1 protein by Western blot analysis. In order for the CpPK1-dependent substrates, fractions which were expected to contain the putative substrate of CpPK1 was obtained by HPLC using ion-exchange column. A kinase assay using CpPK1 fraction revealed CpPK1-dependently phosphorylated protein fractions containing putative substrates with estimated masses of 50 kDa and 40 kDa. In order to identify these two proteins, we conducted kinase-assisted two dimensional (2-D) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using partially purified CpPK1 and protein substrate and then the corresponding radioactive protein spots were further analyzed by using MALDI- and Q-TOF mass spectrophotometry.

Morphological Variation of Hybrids Developed from Different Mating Methods in Pleurotus ostreatus

Won-Sik Kong , In-Yeup Kim , Kab-Yeul Jang , Chang-Sung Jhune , Young-Bok Yoo and Kwang-Ho Kim 1

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Applied Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, RDA, Suwon 441-707, Korea. Department of Crop Science, Kon Kuk University, Seoul 143701, Korea 1

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The expected international disputation about mushroom commercial strains has prompted us to develop for the native ones. The main objective of this study was to develop new hybrids of Pleulotus ostreatus. Since mushroom breeding takes a great deal of time and requires technical skills, there are only few experts in this field. To simplify hybrid breeding we studied the comparison between two reproduction methods i.e. mono-mono crossing and multi-sporous random mating. The multi-sporous random mating is as simple as anyone can apply to make his own favorable mushroom strain. This method also needs no monospore isolation, mating type determination, microscopic observation and crossing between monospores. Color mutants of Wonhyeong 1-ho were used forparental strains to calculate hybrids rate in progeny populations. Four different spore mixtures from white or dark gray fruitbody were tested to compare with mono-mono crossings. Production of dikaryons by multisporous random mating took only 10 days in comparison to 28 days required by mono-mono mating. Variation range on fruitbody morphology in dikaryons derived from two methods had little difference except on fruitbody color. Dikaryons from random mating showed 25~37.7% of parental type and 62.3~75% of hybrid type according to mixed combination. These results were confirmed using DNA polymorphism.

Characterization of a New Commercial Strain “Gold” Pleurotus cornucopiae var. citrinopileatus

Young Bok Yoo, Won Sik Kong, Kab Yeul Jang, In Yeup Kim, Se Jong Oh and Chang Sung Jhune Applied Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, RDA, Suwon 441-707, Korea

A new commercial strain “Gold” of golden oyster mushroom was developed by hyphal anastomosis. It was improved with hybridization between monokaryotic strain derived from ASI 2295 and ASI 2703. The optimum temperature of mycelial growth and fruiting body development were 25~30 C and 19~24 C, respectively. The pileus was golden to brilliant yellow color. Commercial strain “Gold C was not as prolific as the more commonly cultivated Pleurotus ostreatus in the conversion of substrate mass to mushrooms. However, cultivator can o

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Abstracts of the 2006 Fall Meeting of the Korean Society of Mycology

save money for mushroom growing on summer in Korea. Since picking individual mushrooms is tedious and often damages the fragile fruiting bodies compared with other species of oyster mushrooms.

Genetic Variability of Proton Beam Irradiated Strains in Pleurotus ostreatus Hye Jin Kwon , Yong Jin Park , Young-Bok Yoo and Won-Sik Kong 1

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Doorae Institute of Environment-Friendly Agriculture, Seoul 137-850, Korea. National Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, R.D.A., Suwon 441-707, Korea. Applied Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, RDA, Suwon 441-707, Korea 1

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Proton beam had higher energy than -ray and worked with localized strength. Proton-beam radiation could be valuable tool to induce useful strains of edible mushroom for recycling the biowastes. To assess the effects of proton beam irradiation on oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus), we investigated the proton beam radiation sensitivity and germination rate of the basidiospore and the mycelium. Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among selected proton beam irradiated strains based on clustering analysis were also analysed. According to the analysis of AFLP DNA polymorphisms, all accessions were divided into four groups which coincided with dose rates. Applying the proton beam radiation, the dissimilarity among the induced strains was enhanced with the increase of dose rate. Over 400 Gy irradiation led to 46%-58% of genetic dissimilarity of the strains. The evaluation among the proton induced strains of P. ostreatus by AFLP technique might provide the mutation effect of proton beam. (Supported by the Cheorwon Agricultural Technology Center through Regional Innovation Development & Enforcement Plan).

Comparative Genomics Revealed That Hypoxic Stress Induces Sexual Development-related Genes in a Human Pathogenic Fungus Aspergillus fumigatus Kap-Hoon Han , Yeong-Man Yu , Hyoun-Young Kim , Mi-Hee Choi , Pil-Jae Maeng , Jong Hwa Kim , Suhn-Kee Chae , HeeMoon Park , Keon-Sang Chae , Kwang-Yeop Jahng and DongMin Han 1

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Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Woosuk University, Wanju 565-701, Korea. School of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea. Department of Life Science & Technology, Paichai University, Daejeon 302-735, Korea. Division of Biological Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea. Division of Life Science, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea Aspergillus fumigatus is an imperfect filamentous fungus caus1

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ing aspergillosisis an opportunistic fungal disease mainly localized in the respiratory system of human. A. fumigatus has no known sexual development process, while Aspergillus nidulans, which is a very close relative of A. fumigatus, undergoes complete sexual development process. In A. nidulans, hypoxic condition is an important environmental factor for activating fruiting body formation. Also, the hypoxic condition is important to A. fumigatus because of the environment of host cell is usually maintained as hypoxic condition. To study relationship between hypoxic condition and fungal physiology and virulence, comparative DNA microarray experiment was performed using A. fumigatus and A. nidulans microarray chips. As a result, SREBP pathway which is an important oxygen sensing system found in fission yeast was up-regulated in hypoxic con-

dition. Furthermore, several important sexual development specific genes found in A. nidulans were up-regulated by hypoxic stress in both A. nidulans and A. fumigatus, suggesting that the hypoxic stress may induce sexual development-specific pathway in A. fumigatus. Intensive comparison between A. fumigatus and A. nidulans microarray result will provide various information of shared and distinct pathway of hypoxic stress response and sexual development process. [This work was supported by KOSEF (R1-2006-000-11204-0) and KRF (KRF-2005-070-C00123).]

In vitro Antifungal Activity of Xanthorrhizol Isolated from Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. Against Opportunistic Fila-

mentous Fungi

Yaya Rukayadi and Jae-Kwan Hwang 1,2

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Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120749, Korea. Biopharmaca Research Center, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16151, Indonesia Xanthorrhizol was isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma xanthorrhiza. (Zingiberaceae) and its in vitro activity against oppor1

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tunistic filamentous fungi was evaluated by using the NCCLS (M38-A) standard method. Xanthorrhizol was found to be active against all the species tested, namely Aspergillus flavus,

Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizopus oryzae, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes: MICs were 2.0-, 2.0-, 2.0-, 4.0-, 1.0-, and 1.0 µg/ml, while MFCs were 4.0-, 4.0-, 4.0-, 8.0-, 2.0-, and 2.0 µg/ml, respectively. Susceptibility

of xanthorrhizol against 6 species of filamentous fungi was comparable to that of the commercial antifungal, amphotericin B. Xanthorrhizol also has activity to inhibit conidial germination of all tested species. The results strongly suggest that xanthorrhizol can be developed as a natural antifungal agent.

Inhibition of Bacterial Swarming by Macelignan Isolated from Myristica fragrans Houtt Yaya Rukayadi and Jae-Kwan Hwang 1,2

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Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120749, Korea. Biopharmaca Research Center, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16151, Indonesia Inhibition of growth and swarming motility of Bacillus subtilis 1

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was investigated using macelignan isolated from nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.). Macelignan was found to inhibit both the growth of B. subtilis and its swarming motility. Macelignan strongly affected the growth of B. subtilis on LA plates (no swarming) in a concentration-dependent manner and 64 mg/ cm of macelignan completely inhibited the colony growth in 48 h. The growth of B. subtilis was also completely inhibited at 40 µg/ml of macelignan in liquid medium. Colonies of B. subtilis without macelignan began to swarm at a rate of 0.28 µm/s 12 h after inoculation. In contrast the swarming speed of colonies at 16-, 32-, and 64 mg/cm of macelignan was 0.19-, 0.10-, and 0 µm/s, respectively. Macelignan at 64 µg/cm completely inhibited swarming of B. subtilis, but its growth was still present. Thus, macelignan has potential to control the multicellular behaviour of Gram-positive bacteria. 2

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A Novel Spherical ssRNA Virus in Agaricus bisporus Dong-Gyu Kim, Sung-Soon Kim, Jun-Oh Choi, Hyo-kyoung Won and Hyun-Sook Lee

Department of Microbiology, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea A novel mycovirus was isolated from cultivated Agaricus bisporus with a severe epidemic of white button mushroom

Abstracts of the 2006 Fall Meeting of the Korean Society of Mycology malformation. This novel virus was a 35~37 nm spherical virus encapsidating two single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) of about 8 and 1.7 kb with a coat protein of approximately 23 kDa. This virus was wide spread in Kyungbuk and Chungnam provinces.

DNA and Recombinant Protein Vaccines for Foot-andMouth Disease Virus Induce Antigen-specific Antibody Immune Responses

Ji-Young Bae , Jung-Ah Choi , Sunhwa Moon , Sang-Woo Kim , Jung-Bin Park , Eun-Hee Yang , Young-Hun Jin , Mi-Sun Lee , Mu-Seok Seo , Gun-A Kim , Seok-Tae Kwon , YoungKyung Lee , Bum-Soo Hahn , Gi-Yong Kim , Beong-Yeol Sung , Jong-Bum Kim and Joo-Sung Yang 1

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Department of Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea. National Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Suwon 441-707, Korea. National Live Stock Research Institute, Suwon 441-707, Korea 1

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Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a small single stranded RNA virus which belongs to the family Picornaviridae, genus Apthovirus. It is a principal cause of FMD that highly contagious disease in livestock. Among other serotypes of FMDV, type O has been extremely hard on farmers and global market economically last five years. Structural protein VP1 is involved in the neutralization of viral infectivity, and it has both B and T cell epitopes. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 3D is highly conserved among other serotypes and immunogenic. Therefore, we selected VP1 and 3D as vaccine targets. VP1 and 3D genes were cloned into pcDNA3.1 vector for DNA vaccine and into pET for recombinant protein production. Expressed VP1, 3D proteins were confirmed by Coomassie staining and Western blot analysis using Abs generated with B cell peptides. Ten g of each VP1 and 3D DNA or proteins were co-immunized into 5 weeks old BALB/C mice intradermally or intramuscularly, respectively. Ab titers in protein vaccine group were higher than those in DNA vaccine group as determined by ELISA. IgG isotyping analysis showed that Th2 type immune responses were induced following immunization with recombinant protein of VP1 and 3D. Whether theses Abs have neutralizing activities need to be determined further. Our results suggest that both intradermal DNA and intramuscular recombinant protein vaccine administration efficiently induce Ag-specific Ab immune responses.

The Immuno-modulatory and Antitumor Effects of Crude Polysaccharides Isolated from Lentinus giganteus Seung Ho Lee , Sang Beom Kim , Gun Woo Lee , Mi Ja Shim , Hyun-Su Rho , Hyun Sook Lee , Min Woong Lee , UYoun Lee and Tae Soo Lee 1

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Department of Biology, University of Incheon, Incheon 402749, Korea. Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743, Korea. Department of Microbiology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea. Department of Biology, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Korea 1

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This study was initiated to evaluate immuno-modulatory and antitumor effects of Lentinus giganteus. Neutral salt soluble (0.9% NaCl), hot water soluble and methanol soluble substances (hereinafter referred to Fr. NaCl, Fr. HW and Fr. MeOH, respectively) were extracted from the mushroom. In vitro cytotoxicity tests indicated that Fr. HW and Fr. NaCl showed cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines such as Sarcoma 180, HepG2 and HT-29. Intraperitoneal injection with Fr. HW exhibited antitumor activity with life prolongation effect of

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67.5% in ICR mice inoculated with Sarcoma 180. Fr. NaCl and Fr. MeOH improved proliferation of spleen cells and the immunopotentiating activity of B lymphocyte by increasing the number of spleen cells and alkaline phosphatase activity, respectively. The weight of spleen was increased slightly in the test group of ICR mice compared to the control.

Studies on Antitumor and Immuno-modulatory Effects of Crude Polysaccharides Extracted from Armillaria mellea

Gun Woo Lee , Sang Beom Kim , Seung Ho Lee , Jae Ouk Shim , Mi Ja Shim , Min Woong Lee , U-Youn Lee and Tae Soo Lee 1

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Department of Biology, University of Incheon, Incheon 402749, Korea. Department of Biology, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Korea. Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743, Korea Armillaria mellea, one of edible and medicinal mushroom

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belongs to Tricholomataceae of Basidiomycota, has been known to have outstanding effects on the sarcoma 180 and Erhrlich carcinoma of mice. This study was initiate to evaluate immunomodulatory and antitumor effects of Armillaria mellea. Neutral salt soluble (0.9% NaCl), hot water soluble and methanol soluble substances (hereinafter referred to Fr. NaCl, Fr. HW and Fr. MeOH, respectively) were isolated from the mushroom. Intraperitoneal injection with crude polysaccharides exhibited antitumor activity with life prolongation effect of 60~67.5% in mice inoculated with Sarcoma 180, respectively. Each of crude polysaccharide extract promote proliferation of spleen and the immunopotentiation activity by increasing the number of spleen cells. In case of Fr. NaCl, the numbers of peritoneal exudate cells and circulating leukocytes were increased by ten and two folds, respectively.

Antitumor and Immuno-modulatory Activities of Crude Polysaccharides Isolated from Oudemansiella radicata

Sang Beom Kim , Gun Woo Lee , Jae Ouk Shim , Mi Ja Shim , Min Woong Lee , U-Youn Lee and Tae Soo Lee 1

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Department of Biology, University of Incheon, Incheon 402749, Korea. Department of Biology, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Korea. Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743, Korea Oudemansiella radicata, one of edible and medicinal mushroom 1

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belongs to Tricholomataceae of Basidiomycota, has been known to exhibit outstanding curative effects on the hypertension caused by high blood pressure and inhibitory effect on the sarcoma 180. Neutral salt soluble (0.9% NaCl), hot water soluble and methanol soluble substances (hereinafter referred to Fr. NaCl, Fr. HW and Fr. MeOH, respectively) were extracted from the mushroom. Intraperitoneal injection with Fr. NaCl exhibited antitumor activity with life prolongation effect of 65~67.5% in mice inoculated with Sarcoma 180. Fr. NaCl and Fr. HW improved proliferation of spleen cells and the immunopotentiating activity of B lymphocyte by increasing the number of spleen cells and alkaline phosphatase activity by 1.7~2.4 and 2.2~8.7 folds, respectively. Intraperitoneal injection with Fr. NaCl increased the numbers of peritoneal exudate cells and circulating leukocytes by ten and two folds, respectively.

In vitro Antivirus and Immunostimulation Activities of the Hot Water Extracts from Alaskan Ganoderma applanatum and Phellinus pini Yoon Hee Lee , Jung Sun Lee , Hyun Guell Kim , Kyu Chan Cho and Yong Il Park 1

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Department of Biotechnology and Biomaterials Engineering Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 420-743, Korea. Hwajoo Communications Co., Seoul 135-010, Korea The crushed Alaskan Ganoderma applanatum and Phellinus pini fruiting bodies were extracted in boiling water for 4 h with

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the yield of 4.5 g/100 g and 20.5 g/100 g, respectively, in dry mass. Antiviral activity was examined by measuring the degree of inhibition of cytopathic effect of Coxsackie virus B3 (CVB3) on the host cells, HeLa, using MTT assay and crystal violet staining. Five mg each of the extracts of Ganoderma applanatum and Phellinus pini showed antiviral activity up to 60% and 30%, respectively. The immunostimulating activity of both extracts was determined by measuring TNF-a secretion from a mouse macrophage, Raw 264.7 cell, using an ELISA Reader at 450 nm. 500 µg of the Ganoderma applanatum extract and 31 of the Phellinus pini extract induced TNF-α secretion up to 31% and 15%, respectively. β-Glucans are well known to enhance the immune system. The crude β-glucans were obtained from the Ganoderma applanatum and Phellinus pini hot water extracts by ethanol precipitation with the yield of 0.525 g/4.5 g extract and 0.985 g/20.5 g extract, respectively, in dry mass. The primary structures of both β-glucan preparations were determined by enzymatic hydrolysis and TLC analysis. After the treatment of both β-glucans with laminarinase for 48 h, the TLC chromatograms showed only glucose and gentiobiose spots, clearly indicating that the β-glucans of Alaskan Ganoderma applanatum and Phellinus pini are those of β-1,3-glucans having β-1,6-linked glucose residues.

Submerged Culture Conditions for the Production of Water Souble Exo- and Endo-polysaccharides by Lentinus

Wi Young Lee , Jin Kwon Ahn , Youngki Park and Kang Hyeon Ka 1

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Division of Biotechnology, Korea Forest Research Institute, Suwon 441-350, Korea. Division of Wood Chemistry & Microbiology, Korea Forest Research Institute, Seoul 130-712, Korea Lentinus lepideus, a Basidomycete fungus, is an edible mush-

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room and belongs to the family of Pleurotaceae. The water-soluble glycan extract from L. lepideusis known as strong immunomodulating substance which is induces a variety of cytokines in the human peripheral lymphocyte system and hematopoiesis of granulocyte lineage in vivo. Submerged cultures of fungus using bioreactors has been used to produce mycelial biomass as bioactive compounds from the culture. However, despite their potential usefulness, L. lepideus has not been extensively tested for their production of potential polysaccharides in submerged culture. In the present study, we tested various culturing factors that might influence the production of mycelial biomass, water soluble endopolysaccharides (PPS) and water soluble exopolysaccharides (EPS) from L. lepideus and determined optimal conditions for the PPS and EPS production. High yield of the EPS required moderate culture temperature (25 C) and long culture period (16~20 days). In contrast, PPS production required higher temperature (35 C) and short culture period (8 days). The most suitable bioreactor for the production of cell biomass and polysaccharides was balloon type air bubble bioreactor. In the optimal conditions, 8 g/l of mycelial biomass, 9% of PPS and 1.6 g/l of EPS could be obtained from submerged culture of L. lepideus. o

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The Influence of Submerged Culture Conditions of Lentinuson Immunomodulating Activities of Endo- and Exopolysaccharides Obtained from Them

Wi Young Lee , Jin Kwon Ahn , Youngki Park and Kang Hyeon Ka 1

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Division of Biotechnology, Korea Forest Research Institute, Suwon 441-350, Korea. Division of Wood Chemistry & Microbiology, Korea Forest Research Institute, Seoul 130-712, Korea Polysaccharides of Lentinus lepideushave strong immunomod-

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ulating activities. As the production of polysaccharide from mycelia is more efficient than that from fruit bodies, the influence of culture conditions from submerged cultures of mushroom has drown much attention. This study deal with culturing factors affecting immunomodulating activities of endo-polysaccharides (PPS) and exo-polysaccharides (EPS) obtained from submerged cultures of L. lepideus. The mycelia were cultured under various culture conditions. PPS and EPS were extracted and their immunomodulating activities were compared by measuring level of TNF-α. TNF-α level by EPS varied depending on mycelial cell lines, carbon sources or culture periods. Highest amounts of TNF-was produced when glucose was used as a carbon source and cultured for 4 days by EPS. Meanwhile, PPS derived from culture under various culture conditions except for culture period did not give any difference in TNFα amounts. PPS obtained from 16 days culture induced highest level of TNF-α. The results suggest that immunomodulating activitiy of PPS is less affected by culture conditions than that of EPS in L. lepideus.

Screening of Monoclonal Antibodies Against a Viral Protein Using Protein Chip Technology Sang-Woo Kim, Hyun-Sook Lee and Hyeon-Su Ro

Department of Microbiology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea

Oyster mushroom spherical virus (OMSV) is a causative agent of Die-back disease in oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus. Biochemical characterization of OMSV has revealed that it consisted of a single-stranded RNA genome that encodesat least 7 open reading frames including a viral coat protein and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP). RDRP is the crucial and specific catalytic enzyme for viral replication. To further study the viral replication process in its host mushroom cells, we have produced monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against a fragmented RDRP protein. For the rapid screening of MAb, a protein chip technology based on Alexa-488 (A488) dye labeling method was introduced. Eighty seven monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the fragmented RDRP protein (F7) were generated from mouse hybridoma cells. The F7 protein was chemically coupled onto an amine-modified slide glass. The MAbs were spotted onto the F7-coupled slide glass. The amounts of bound MAbs were measured by binding of A488modified secondary antibody using a fluorescent image scanner. Five out of 87 MAbs have chosen by the signal intensity. The specificity of the selected MAbs in detecting OMSV RDRP was further justified by an immunoblot analysis and a surface plasmon resonance biosensor assay.

The Effect of Auricularia auricula Fruiting Body on Oral Microorganisms and Helicobacter pylori Jeong Weon Yoon, Sung Woo Choi, Hee Kuk Park, Won Jin Yu, Sung Pil Lee, Ae Kyung Juen and Won Woo Kim

Department of Bioengineering and Genetic Engineering, College of Natural Science, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong 445-743, Korea Helicobacter pylori is an important cause of chronic gastric and peptic ulceration, infected 82% on Korean. Helicobacter pylori

Abstracts of the 2006 Fall Meeting of the Korean Society of Mycology probably does not in itself induced gastric cancer, but it may promote either the production of carcinogens or mutagenic events and WHO regards it as first grade carcinogens. The effect of Auricularia auricula fruiting body extracts on oral microorganisms and Helicobacter pylori were examined using a Muller-Hinton agar diffusion method. The diethyl ether extracts of Auricularia auricula fruiting body showed highest as 19 mm inhibition zone among chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol. The top spot after TLC analysis (Aa1) from Auricularia auricula fruiting body showed high inhibition activity against H. pylori. The effect of Auricularia auricula fruiting body extracts on Streptococcus mutans an oral microorganisms was as MIC 0.33 mg from diethyl ether extracts of 1 g mushroom, and Aa1 fraction after purified by TLC was identified in two bands from 4 bands.

Antitumorigenic Activity of Paecilomyces spp. Cultivated on Soybean on DMH-Induced Colon Carcinogenesis in F344 Rat

Sang Mong Lee , Namsook Park , Eunju Park and Byung Rae Jin 1

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Department of Life Science & Environmental Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea. Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyungnam University, Masan 631-701, Korea. College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Korea 1

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Soybean Dongchunghacho supplementation induced antigenotoxic effect on DMH induced DNA damage in the colon cell (% fluorescence in tail : 68.5 ± 2.3 vs. 55.1 ± 3.4), but no antigenotoxic effect was observed in the blood cell. DMHinduced colon tumors had significantly greater COX-2, iNOS, -GCS, GST-P and GST-M2 gene expression than the corresponding normal mucosa. However, treatment with Soybean Dongchunghacho induced inhibitory effect on the colon tumor overexpression of COX-2, iNOS, γ-GCS, GST-P and GST-M2. Our results provide evidence that Soybean Dongchunghacho has a protective effect on the process of colon carcinogenesis, suppressing the development of preneoplastic lesions, possibly by modulating COX-2, iNOS, γ-GCS, GST-P and GST-M2 gene expression in tumors, suggesting that Soybean Dongchunghacho has chemotherapeutic activity.

Effects of Gingko Leaf Meal on Growth and Change of Ginkgo Flavon Glycosides in Pleurotus eryngii

Hong Kyu Kim , Yong Gyun Kim , Gwan Seuk Seo , Se Hyun Oh and Hong Gi Kim 1

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Chungnam Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Yesan 340-861, Korea. Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305764, Korea 1

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A mushroom cultivation medium containing gingko leaf meal and its manufacturing process was proposed in this study. Leaves of gingko tree containing ginkgo flavon glycosides were dried and ground to the meal. In this work, gingko meal (10~30% v/v) added to the mixture of sawdust and wheat bran was considered to help the production of mushroom fruiting body. Mushroom yields were increased 3 to 12% when the mushrooms were cultivated with this medium. Also the hardness of fruiting body was increased, therefore it was useful for storage and distribution of this mushroom. Furthermore mushroom cultivated with this medium may contained ginkgo flavon glycosides (GFG) such as kaempferol, isorhamnetin and quercetin having the effect of improving blood circulation.

Essential Oils are Effective to Control Storage Disease Caused by Botrytis cinerea on Strawberry Fruits

Nam Gyu Kim, Sung Woo Kang, Jung Bae Kim and Hong Gi Kim Department of Agricultural Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea

Importance of substances extracted from natural resources including plants is enhancing based on the demand of consumers and scientists who know well side-effects of agrochemicals in foods as well as crops. This research was performed for environmental-friendly control of gray mold, Botrytis cinerea, using natural products during storage of harvested strawberry fruits. Antifungal substance was isolated and identified from Asarum sieboldii selected among 31 medicinal plants, and formulation and novel method were considered for agricultural application practically. Antifungal substance extracted from Asarum sieboldii was identified to be methyl eugenol, a kind of essential oils. Emulsification of essential oils at 300 ppm concentration with tween 20 and 600 ppm concentration with ethanol, enhanced the control effect even at low concentration and, in contrast, reduced phytotoxity. Achieving 76.1% control value with 100 ppm of methyl eugenol, period of storage for the strawberry fruit was prolonged by treatment one day before harvest. It should be possible to control several plant diseases caused by B. cinerea concerning storage environmental-friendly, throughout formulation which enhances a control efficacy of essential oils for agricultural application based on determining available concentration, and on developing various application methods.