Acari, Oribatida, Euphthiracaridae - BioOne

Systematic & Applied Acarology 20(8): 887–906 (2015) http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.20.8.5 Article

ISSN 1362-1971 (print) ISSN 2056-6069 (online)

http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:64FC1CF4-2D26-4B9C-A12F-2E2CDE57ADC0

Review of the genus Acrotritia (Acari, Oribatida, Euphthiracaridae) with a world checklist, a key to known species of the Neotropical Region, and a description of a new species from Colombia DONG LIU Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, P. R. China; E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract The oribatid mite genus Acrotritia Jacot, 1923 (Euphthiracaridae) is reviewed. Seven species of Acrotritia from Colombia, including a new species, Acrotritia colombianus sp. nov., are identified. A checklist of all known species and a key to known species of the Neotropical Region are provided to facilitate the further study on this group. Key words: Soil mites, ptyctimous mites, Rhysotritia

Introduction Jacot (1923a) proposed the genus Acrotritia with Phthiracarus americanus Ewing, 1909 as typespecies. Märkel & Meyer (1959) erected the genus Rhysotritia, designating Hoplophora ardua C. L. Koch, 1841 as its type species. Jacot (1930) first considered Phthiracarus americanus to be a Euphthiracarus, however, he later studied specimens (in the Cornell University collection) identified by Ewing as P. americanus and found them to be Rhysotritia ardua C.L. Koch, 1841 (Jacot, 1938b). It, therefore, appears that Acrotritia Jacot, 1923 is a synonym of Rhysotritia Märkel and Meyer, 1959 and not of Euphthiracarus Ewing, 1917 as indicated by Balogh (1972). However, the name Rhysotritia has been used in a vast amount of literature, until Subías (2004) reinstated the name Acrotritia, treating it as a junior subjective synonym of Rhysotritia. Niedbała (2006a) supported his view and suggested that all acarologists accept Subías’s proposal. The Acrotritia species has a cosmopolitan distribution. According to my tally, about 57 valid species have been reported prior to this work. In this study, seven species of Acrotritia from Colombia are identified, including a new species. In order to facilitate the further study on this group, a world checklist of the genus Acrotritia and a key to known species of the Neotropical Region are provided.

Material and methods Measurements and descriptions are based on specimens mounted in temporary cavity slides that were studied using a light microscope equipped with a drawing attachment. Terminology generally follows Niedbała (2000, 2011). The unit of measurement is micrometre (μm).

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Specimen depositories and reference numbers are cited using the following abbreviations: BMOC—B.M. OConnor reference number. UMMZ—Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA. NIGA—Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China.

Taxonomy Acrotritia Jacot, 1923 Acrotritia Jacot, 1923a, p. 162. Rhysotritia Märkel & Meyer, 1959, p. 329; Subías, 2004, p. 45. Rhysotritia Märkel & Meyer: Märkel, 1964, p. 54; Ghilarov & Krivolutsky, 1975, p. 375; Aoki, 1980, p. 18; Balogh & Mahunka, 1983, p. 177; Balogh & Balogh, 1987, p. 12; Mahunka, 1990, p. 63; Marshall et al., p. 73; Niedbała, 2000, p. 151; 2001a, p. 302; 2001b, p. 87; 2002a, p. 61; 2003, p. 283; 2004a, p. 49. Acrotritia Jacot, 1923: Subías, 2004, p. 45; Niedbała, 2006a, p. 19; 2008a, p. 125; 2011, p. 84; Liu & Chen, 2015, p. 129. Type species: Hoplophora ardua C. L. Koch, 1841 (= Phthiracarus americanus Ewing, 1909).

Diagnosis. Surface of body mostly finely punctuate or porose. Prodorsum without median crista, but with 1 or 2 pairs of lateral carinae; bothridial scales situated above the bothridia; posterior median apodeme present; setae in median (paraxial) position; exobothridial setae minute and fine; comparative lengths: in–in>le–le>ro–ro, in>le>ro>ex, in–le>le–ro. Notogaster with 14 pairs of setae, c1ss>le>ro>ss, in–le/ro–le≈1.25. Notogaster (Fig. 1A). Notogastral setae rigid and fairly short (c1/c1–d1≈0.43), sparsely barbed in distal half; vestigial setae f1 positioned nearly at level of setae h1. Ventral region (Figs. 1A, D). Six pairs of genital setae (g) arranged with formula: 6:0; two pairs of minute aggenital setae located longitudinally; anal, adanal setae (an and ad) and location of lyrifissures iad typical of genus. Legs. Setal counts for leg segments: I: 1-3-4(2)-5(1)-17(3); II: 1-3-3(1)-4(1)-14(2), III: 2-2-2(1)3(1)-11, IV: 2-1-1-2(1)-10; all tarsi of legs monodactylous. Material examined. Holotype: adult (NIGA, in alcohol, 76-0713-008), Colombia, Magdalena, Quebrada Guacoche near Don Diego, 11°14'28″N, 73°42'52″W, from litter and humus (degraded coastal rainforest), 22 vi 1976, leg. Brown and Kugler. Paratypes: 5 adults (NIGA, in alcohol, 760713-008), same data as holotype; 5 adults (NIGA, in alcohol, 76-0713-010), Colombia, Magdalena, Rio Don Diego, 25 m a.s.l., 11°14'17″N, 73°41'51″W, from litter, 18 vi 1976, leg. Brown and Kugler; 1 adult (NIGA, in alcohol, 76-0713-006), Colombia, Magdalena, Quebrada Guacoche near Don Diego, 11°14'28″N, 73°42'52″W, from litter, 22 vi 1976, leg. Brown and Kugler. Etymology. The new specific name “colombianus” refers to the type locality of Colombia. Remarks. This new species is similar to A. clavata (Märkel, 1964) in having a single pair of lateral carinae on prodorsum, similar shape of sensilli, similar shape and length of prodorsal and notogastral setae, six pairs of genital setae, and tarsi of legs monodactylous, but can be distinguished by the sculpture of body surface (body with polygonal sculpture, especially of notogaster with reticulate ornamentation versus punctate in A. clavata), and formula of genital setae (6:0 versus 5:1). Compared with species with reticulate surface or polygonal sculpture, A. furcata (Bayoumi & Mahunka, 1979), A. reticulata (Mahunka, 1988), A. parareticulata (Niedbała, 2002), A. hallasanensis (Niedbała, 2002), A. ornata (Niedbała, 2002), and A. koreensis Mahunka, 1997, it can be distinguished by the following combination of features: 1) prodorsum with one pair of lateral carinae, and not forked; 2) sensilli with spindle shaped head; 3) formula of genital setae: 6:0; 4) tarsi of legs monodactylous.

Acrotritia ardua (C. L. Koch, 1841) Measurements. Prodorsum: length 250–265, width 165–190, height 95–107, setae: ss 85, ro 55, in 120, le 70, ex 11; notogaster: length 520–600, width 340–405, height 355–410; c1 70, d1 60, e1 65, h1 72, ps1 70; genito-aggenital plate 165×75, ano-adanal plate 260×55. Colour yellowish to light brown. Prodorsum with one pair of long lateral carinae; sensilli with dilated head covered with small spines; other prodorsal and notogastral setae thick, rigid and barbed in distal half, except exobothridial setae minute and fine; in>ss>le>ro>ex; formula of genital setae

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8:1; two pairs of minute aggenital setae located longitudinally; tarsi of legs I bidactylous, tarsi II–IV heterotridactylous. Material examined. 5 adults (BMOC 76-0713-001), Colombia, Magdalena, Cuchilla San Lorenzo, El Campano, 1340 m elev., 11°05'34″N, 74°05'02″W, from leaf litter in rainforest, 16 vi 1976, leg. Brown and Kugler.

Acrotritia curticephala (Jacot, 1938) Measurements. Prodorsum: length 205–215, width 145–150, height 90–97, setae: ss 45, ro 40, in 85, le 48, ex 10; notogaster: length 365–380, width 255–262, height 260–275; c1 42, d1 40, e1 45, h1 48, ps1 45; genito-aggenital plate 135×45, ano-adanal plate 170×35. Colour yellowish. Prodorsum with one pair of long lateral carinae; sensilli with narrow pedicel and swollen head, obtuse distally and covered with small spines; other prodorsal and notogastral setae rigid and barbed in distal half, except exobothridial setae minute and fine; in>le>ss>ro>ex; formula of genital setae 7:2; two pairs of minute aggenital setae located longitudinally; all tarsi of legs monodactylous. Material examined. 2 adults (BMOC 76-0713-001), Colombia, Magdalena, Cuchilla San Lorenzo, El Campano, 1340 m elev., 11°05'34″N, 74°05'02″W, from leaf litter in rainforest, 16 vi 1976, leg. Brown and Kugler. Remarks. The specimens from Colombia with genital formula 7:2 same as specimens from Pacific Islands (versus 6:3 in cotypes).

Acrotritia dikra Niedbała & Schatz, 1996 Measurements. Prodorsum: length 300–325, width 210–225, height 105–118, setae: ss 78, ro 65, in 125, le 72, ex 12; notogaster: length 620–650, width 425–450, height 455–465; c1 75, d1 70, e1 75, h1 80, ps1 82; genito-aggenital plate 205×70, ano-adanal plate 295×45. Colour yellowish to light brown. Prodorsum with one pair of long lateral carinae, forked medially; sensilli, notogastral and other prodorsal setae setiform, sparsely barbed in distal half, except exobothridial setae minute and fine; in>ss>le>ro>ex; formula of genital setae 7:2; two pairs of minute aggenital setae located longitudinally; tarsi of legs I heterobidactylous, tarsi II–IV heterotridactylous. Material examined. 3 adults (BMOC 76-0713-006), Colombia, Magdalena, Quebrada Guacoche near Don Diego, 11°14'28″N, 73°42'52″W, from litter, 22 vi 1976, leg. Brown and Kugler; 13 adults (BMOC 76-0713-008), Colombia, Magdalena, Quebrada Guacoche near Don Diego, 11°14'28″N, 73°42'52″W, from litter and humus (degraded coastal rainforest), 22 vi 1976, leg. Brown and Kugler; 1 adult (BMOC 76-0713-010), Colombia, Magdalena, Rio Don Diego, 25 m a.s.l., 11°14'17″N, 73°41'51″W, from litter, 18 vi 1976, leg. Brown and Kugler.

Acrotritia ischnos (Niedbała, 2004) Measurements. Prodorsum: length 235, width 155, height 100, setae: ss 75, ro 55, in 90, le 65, ex 8; notogaster: length 450, width 315, height 326; c1 52, d1 55, e1 55, h1 58, ps1 55; genito-aggenital plate 145×70, ano-adanal plate 220×52.

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Colour yellowish. Prodorsum with one pair of long lateral carinae, forked distally; sensilli with narrow, barbed and fusiform head; other prodorsal and notogastral setae rigid and sparsely barbed in distal half, except exobothridial setae minute and fine; in>ss>le>ro>ex; formula of genital setae 8:1; two pairs of minute aggenital setae located longitudinally; tarsi of legs I heterobidactylous, tarsi II– IV heterotridactylous. Material examined. 1 adult (BMOC 76-0713-006), Colombia, Magdalena, Quebrada Guacoche near Don Diego, 11°14'28″N, 73°42'52″W, from litter, 22 vi 1976, leg. Brown and Kugler. Remarks. Specimens from Colombia have shorter forks of lateral carinae on prodorsum than the holotype.

Acrotritia monodactyla (Niedbała, 2002) Measurements. Prodorsum: length 235, width 160, height 90, setae: ss 55, ro 50, in 100, le 65, ex 10; notogaster: length 465, width 310, height 315; c1 65, d1 63, e1 65, h1 69, ps1 65; genito-aggenital plate 162×60, ano-adanal plate 205×46. Colour yellowish to light brown. Prodorsum with one pair of long lateral carinae; sensilli with dilated head covered with small spines; other prodorsal and notogastral setae thick, rigid and barbed in distal half, except exobothridial setae minute and fine; in>ss>le>ro>ex; formula of genital setae 8:1; two pairs of minute aggenital setae located longitudinally; all tarsi of legs monodactylous. Material examined. 1 adult (BMOC 76-0713-005), Colombia, Magdalena, Quebrada Guacoche near Don Diego, 11°14'28″N, 73°42'52″W, from leaf litter and humus, 22 vi 1965, leg. Brown and Kugler. Remarks. Compared with A. ardua, they have nearly same shape and size, and other morphological characters, except presence of monodactylous tarsi of legs (versus tarsi of legs I bidactylous, tarsi II–IV heterotridactylous in A. ardua).

Acrotritia peruensis (Hammer, 1961) Measurements. Prodorsum: length 195–215, width 165–175, height 85–95, setae: ss 80, ro 35, in 95, le 45, ex 10; notogaster: length 500–525, width 410–425, height 405–415; c1 65, d1 62, e1 68, h1 70, ps1 72; genito-aggenital plate 175×50, ano-adanal plate 225×30. Colour yellowish. Prodorsum with two pairs of lateral carinae, upper ones shorter, but more than half the length of the lower ones; sensilli with narrow, barbed and fusiform head; other prodorsal and notogastral setae rigid and barbed distally, except exobothridial setae minute and fine; in>ss>le>ro>ex; formula of genital setae 9:0; two pairs of minute aggenital setae located longitudinally; tarsi of legs I heterobidactylous, tarsi II–IV heterotridactylous. Material examined. 3 adults (BMOC 76-0713-001), Colombia, Magdalena, Cuchilla San Lorenzo, El Campano, 1340 m elev., 11°05'34″N, 74°05'02″W, from leaf litter in rainforest, 16 vi 1976, leg. Brown and Kugler.

Key to species of Acrotritia known from Neotropical Region 1 2 -

Prodorsum with two pairs of lateral carinae. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Prodorsum with one pair of lateral carinae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Tarsi of legs I bidactylous, tarsi II–IV tridactylous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A. peruensis All tarsi of legs monodactylous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

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3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 -

Lateral carinae of prodorsum parallel, upper ones shorter than half the length of the lower ones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. parallelos Lateral carinae of prodorsum divergent, upper ones longer than half the length of the lower ones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. refracta Lateral carinae of the prodorsum forked distally. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Lateral carinae of the prodorsum not forked distally. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Surface of body reticulate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. ornata Surface of body punctate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Tarsi of legs I bidactylous, tarsi II–IV tridactylous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 All tarsi of legs monodactylous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Dorsal prodorsal setae nearly similar in length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. meristos Interlamellar setae considerably longer than other dorsal prodorsal setae. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Sensilli setiform without head.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. dikra Sensilli with fusiform head. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Bifurcation shorter than 1/3 of length of lateral carinae, formula of genital setae: 8:1 . . . . . . . . . A. ischnos Bifurcation slightly longer than 1/3 of length of lateral carinae, formula of genital setae: 9:2 . . . . A. vestita Sensilli setiform without head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. brasiliana Sensilli with dilated head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. dixa Surface of body reticulate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. colombianus sp. nov. Surface of body punctate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Some tarsi of legs monodactylous, some bidactylous and some tarsi tridactylous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 All tarsi of legs monodactylous or tarsi I bidactylous, tarsi II–IV tridactylous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Most of tarsi bidactylous and some tarsi monodactylous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. ardua neotropicalis Tarsi I bidactylous , tarsi II and III tridactylous, tarsi IV monodactylous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. diaphoros Tarsi of legs I bidactylous, tarsi II–IV tridactylous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 All tarsi of legs monodactylous.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Sensilli setiform without head.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. bacula Sensilli with rounded or fusiform head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Sensilli with fusiform head. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. ardua Sensilli with rounded head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. dinota Sensilli setiform without head.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. ejuncida Sensilli with dilated head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Head of sensilli with obtuse distal end. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. curticephala Head of sensilli fusiform or spindle shaped, pointed distally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Sensilli with rough and spindle shaped head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. clavata Sensilli with fusiform head covered with small spines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. monodactyla

Note. This key does not include the species Acrotritia similis (Sellnick, 1923) which is treated as species inquirenda, because the type is lost, and it cannot be excluded that this species belongs to the genus Euphthiracarus.

Acknowledgements I am very grateful to all of those who collected specimens mentioned above. This work was supported by the Funds for The Excellent Youth Scholars of “IGA, CAS” (DLSYQ2012004), the Knowledge Innovation Programs of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KSCX2-EW-Z-8), the Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China—Fauna Sinica (31493021), the key research program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZZD-EW-TZ-16), the Scientific and Technological Developing Scheme of Jilin Province (No. 20130206073), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31101617), and the State Key Program of National Natural Science of China (Grant No. 41430857).

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