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May 11, 2016 - An annotated checklist of oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) collected from Vanuatu is provided, which includes. 37 species from 30 genera and ...
Systematic & Applied Acarology 21(5): 681–688 (2016) http://doi.org/10.11158/saa.21.5.9 Article

ISSN 1362-1971 (print) ISSN 2056-6069 (online)

http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B3003501-3D56-496D-ABE2-09D9A4A90952

Contribution to the knowledge of oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) of Vanuatu SERGEY G. ERMILOV1 & LOUIS DEHARVENG2 1

Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia. E-mail: [email protected] Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB – UMR 7205 – CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France. E-mail: [email protected]

2

Abstract An annotated checklist of oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) collected from Vanuatu is provided, which includes 37 species from 30 genera and 19 families. All these taxa are recorded in Vanuatu for the first time; of these, 11 species and 3 genera are recorded in the Australian region for the first time. A new species of the genus Mixacarus (Lohmanniidae) is described and illustrated on the basis of adult specimens. Mixacarus (Mixacarus) vanuatuensis sp. nov. is morphologically most similar to M. (M.) quadrifasciatus Balakrishnan, 1986 from India, but differs from the latter by the presence of 10 transverse bands on notogaster, prodorsal and notogastral setae smooth or only serrate in medio-basal parts and lamellar and interlamellar setae similar in length to rostral and both pairs of exobothridial setae. Key words: Oribatida, Pacific islands, fauna, checklist, new species, systematics, Mixacarus

Introduction The oribatid mite fauna (Acari, Oribatida) of the Pacific Islands are poorly known (for example, see Sellnick 1959; Hammer 1971; Aoki 1977; Balogh & Balogh 1983; Niedbała 1998; Norton 2003; Ermilov et al. 2013). Data on oribatids of Vanuatu are practically absent (see Womersley 1945 and Wallwork 1977 in which Vanuatu is referred to as New Hebrides). Our investigation is based on material collected during an expedition in 2006. The primary goal of the paper is to present the checklist of the identified taxa with new records for Vanuatu as well as for the Australian region. In the course of taxonomic identification, we found one new species of Mixacarus (Mixacarus) Balogh, 1958 (Lohmanniidae). The secondary goal of this paper is to describe and illustrate a new species under the name Mixacarus (Mixacarus) vanuatuensis sp. nov. Currently, the subgenus comprises 23 species having aTropical distribution collectively (Subías 2004, updated 2015). The subgeneric characters (as for genus) were summarized by Balogh (1958, 1961) and Balogh & Balogh (1987).

Material and methods Material. Our results are based on oribatid mite material collected from the following localities: — SK06-03-30: Sanma Province, Santo, Sarabo, near grotte de Sarabo, forest, soil, funnel extraction, 03.IX.2006 (Vincent Prié); — SK06-05-17: Sanma Province, Santo, Boutmas, Grotte Fapon, doline 3, forest, soil, funnel extraction, 05.IX.2006 (Louis Deharveng & Anne Bedos); © Systematic & Applied Acarology Society

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— SK06-09-18/SK06-09-20: Sanma Province, Santo, Rotal, Près du gouffre de Rotal, forest, soil, funnel extraction, 09.IX.2006 (Cahyo Rahmadi); — SK06-23-12: Sanma Province, Santo, Nambel, Zone de Nambel, forest, soil, funnel extraction, 23.IX.2006 (Cahyo Rahmadi); — SK06-23-11: as SK06-23-12, but litter instead of soil; — SK06-24-13: Sanma Province, Santo, Loru, Forêt de Loru, forest, soil, funnel extraction, 24.IX.2006 (Louis Deharveng & Anne Bedos). Methods. Specimens were mounted in lactic acid on temporary cavity slides for measurement and illustration. The body length was measured in lateral view, from the tip of the rostrum to the posterior edge of the ventral plate. Notogastral width refers to the maximum width in dorsal aspect. Lengths of body setae were measured in lateral aspect. All body measurements are presented in micrometers. Formulas for leg setation are given in parentheses according to the sequence trochanter–femur– genu–tibia–tarsus (famulus included). Formulas for leg solenidia are given in square brackets according to the sequence genu–tibia–tarsus. General terminology used in this paper follows that of Grandjean (summarized by Norton & Behan-Pelletier 2009; Norton 2010). Drawings were made with a drawing tube using a Carl Zeiss transmission light microscope “Axioskop-2 Plus”.

Checklist1 Specific localities and overall known distribution2 for species3, and new records of taxa are presented. The list includes 37 species (three not identified and one new to science) from 30 genera and 19 families. All taxa are recorded in Vanuatu for the first time; of these, 11 species and 3 genera are recorded in the Australian region for the first time. Hypochthoniidae — Eohypochthonius (Eohypochthonius) crassisetiger Aoki, 1959. Localities: SK06-09-18/SK0609-20, SK06-23-11, SK06-03-30. Distribution: Australian, Oriental and Palaearctic regions. — Malacoangelia remigera Berlese, 1913. Localities: SK06-24-13, SK06-23-11. Distribution: Tropics. Lohmanniidae — Haplacarus foliatus Wallwork, 1962. Localities: SK06-09-18/SK06-09-20, SK06-23-12, SK0605-17, SK06-03-30. Distribution: Ethiopian and Oriental regions, Bermuda. First record of the species in the Australian region. — Mixacarus (Mixacarus) vanuatuensis sp. nov. Locality: SK06-24-13. Distribution: Vanuatu. First record of the genus in the Australian region. — Papillacarus cornutus (Sarkar & Subías, 1984). Locality: SK06-24-13. Distribution: Oriental region. First record of the species in the Australian region. Epilohmanniidae — Epilohmannia minuta pacifica Aoki, 1965. Localities: SK06-09-18/SK06-09-20, SK06-03-30. Distribution: Australian, Neotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic regions. 1. 2. 3. 682

Ptyctimous mites not included. See mostly Subías (2004, updated 2015). References on original descriptions for species are not presented in the “References” section. SYSTEMATIC & APPLIED ACAROLOGY

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— E. zwarti Hammen, 1986. Localities: SK06-09-18/SK06-09-20, SK06-05-17, SK06-03-30. Distribution: New Guinea. Malaconothridae — Malaconothrus dorsofoveolatus Hammer, 1979. Locality: SK06-03-30. Distribution: Oriental region. First record of the species in the Australian region. — Tyrphonothrus variosetosus (Hammer, 1971). Localities: SK06-09-18/SK06-09-20, SK06-0517, SK06-03-30. Distribution: Fiji, Vietnam. Nanhermanniidae — Masthermannia mammillaris (Berlese, 1904). Localities: SK06-09-18/SK06-09-20, SK06-24-13, SK06-05-17, SK06-03-30. Distribution: Tropics. Hermanniellidae — Hermanniella aristosa Aoki, 1965. Locality: SK06-03-30. Distribution: Australian, Oriental and Palaearctic regions. Eremulidae — Eremulus pilipinus Corpuz-Raros, 1979. Localities: SK06-23-12, SK06-23-11. Distribution: Philippines. First record of the species in the Australian region. Damaeolidae — Gressittolus marginatus Balogh, 1970. Locality: SK06-09-18/SK06-09-20. Distribution: Australian and Oriental regions. Basilobelbidae — Basilobelba retiaria (Warburton, 1912). Localities: SK06-09-18/SK06-09-20, SK06-23-11. Distribution: Tropics, Japan. Oppiidae — Arcoppia bidentata Hammer, 1979. Localities: SK06-23-12, SK06-23-11, SK06-03-30. Distribution: Oriental region. First record of the species in the Australian region. — Karenella (Karenella) lanceosetoides (Hammer, 1971). Localities: SK06-09-18/SK06-09-20, SK06-23-12. Distribution: Australian and Oriental regions. — Oppiella (Oppiella) nova (Oudemans, 1902). Locality: SK06-23-11. Distribution: Cosmopolitan. Granuloppiidae — Granuloppia stigmata (Hammer, 1979). Locality: SK06-23-12. Distribution: Java. First record of the genus and species in the Australian region. Oxyameridae — Oxyamerus sp., one specimen in bad condition. Locality: SK06-05-17. Dampfiellidae — Dampfiella dubia Hammer, 1971. Locality: SK06-03-30. Distribution: Fiji, Tonga. Otocepheidae — Dolicheremaeus damoeoides (Berlese, 1913). Locality: SK06-09-18/SK06-09-20. Distribution: Australian, Neotropical and Oriental regions. Carabodidae — Gibbicepheus (Gibbicepheus) novus Hammer, 1973. Locality: SK06-03-30. Distribution: Pacific Islands. Microzetidae — Christovizetes sp.; this species is new for science, however, we do not describe it because we have only one specimen. Locality: SK06-05-17. First record of the genus in the Australian region. Scheloribatidae — Scheloribates (Scheloribates) fijiensis Hammer, 1971. Locality: SK06-23-11. Distribution: Australian region, Philippines (pers. data).

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— S. (Scheloribates) fimbriatus Thor, 1930. Localities: SK06-09-18/SK06-09-20, SK06-03-30. Distribution: Cosmopolitan. — S. (Scheloribates) guhitanus Corpuz-Raros, 1980. Locality: SK06-23-11. Distribution: Philippines. First record of the species in the Australian region. — Tuberemaeus perforatoides Hammer, 1979. Localities: SK06-23-12, SK06-23-11, SK06-03-30. Distribution: Oriental region. First record of the species in the Australian region. Haplozetidae — Indoribates (Indoribates) quadripilus (Berlese, 1916). Locality: SK06-03-30. Distribution: Java, Fiji. — Perxylobates sp.; this species is new for science, however, we do not describe it because we have only one specimen. Locality: SK06-23-12. — P. duoseta (Hammer, 1979). Localities: SK06-09-18/SK06-09-20, SK06-24-13, SK06-23-12. Distribution: Oriental region. First record of the species in the Australian region. — Protoribates mollicoma (Hammer, 1973). Localities: SK06-23-12, SK06-23-11, SK06-03-30. Distribution: Tonga, India. — P. paracapucinus (Mahunka, 1988). Locality: SK06-09-18/SK06-09-20. Distribution: Ethiopian, Neotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic, regions. First record of the species in the Australian region. — P. triangularis (Hammer, 1971). Locality: SK06-09-18/SK06-09-20. Distribution: Pacific Islands, India. — Trachyoribates (Rostrozetes) ovulum Berlese, 1908 sensu Beck (see 1965) as Rostrozetes foveolatus Sellnick, 1925. Localities: SK06-09-18/SK06-09-20, SK06-23-12, SK06-23-11, SK0603-30. Distribution: Cosmopolitan. Galumnidae — Indogalumna sp.; this species is new for science, however, we do not describe it because we have only one specimen. Locality: SK06-24-13. — Pergalumna (Pergalumna) corolevuensis Hammer, 1971. Locality: SK06-03-30. Distribution: Fiji, India. — P. (Pergalumna) yurtaevi Ermilov & Anichkin, 2011. Localities: SK06-23-12, SK06-23-11. Distribution: Oriental region. First record of the species in the Australian region.

Description Mixacarus (Mixacarus) vanuatuensis sp. nov. (Figs 1–5) Diagnosis Body size: 979–1062 × 481–514. Body surface with sparse pseudoporose areas. Prodorsal and notogastral setae long, thickened, usually smooth, but rarely serrate in basal parts. Bothridial setae pectinate, with 9 to 10 branches. Ten transverse bands present on notogaster, of these, nine complete and one (S7) interrupted medially. Epimeral setae 4d, 1a, 1c, 2a, 3a, 4a, 4b and 4c smooth, 1b, 3b, 3c longer and barbed. Description Measurements. Very large species. Body length: 1062 (holotype: female), 979, 1062 (two paratypes: females); notogaster width: 514 (holotype), 481, 514 (two paratypes). Integument. Body color red-brownish. Body surface and legs with dense microfoveolae (length up to 2) forming micropolygonal ornamentation; macropolygonal pattern and granular/tuberculate 684

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FIGURES 1–5. Mixacarus (Mixacarus) vanuatuensis sp. nov., adult: 1—dorsal view; 2—ventral view (gnathosoma and legs except basal parts not illustrated); 3—subcapitulum, right half, without anterior part, ventral view; 4—leg I, right, antiaxial view; 5—leg IV, right, antiaxial view. Scale bar 200 μm (1, 2), 50 μm (3), 100 μm (4, 5).

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cerotegument absent. Prodorsum, epimere I, dorso-lateral and ventro-lateral parts of notogaster with sparse pseudoporose areas (diameter up to 10) represented by heavy pores. Prodorsum. Roughly triangular in dorsal view, occupying about 2/5 of dorsal length. Rostrum rounded. Rostral (ro), lamellar (le), interlamellar (in) and both pairs of exobothridial (exa; exp) setae similar in length (139–147), thickened, usually smooth, rarely with very small barbs in basal parts. Bothridial setae (bs, 135–143) pectinate, with 9 to 10 branches on one side. Postbothridial transverse band (Sb) present. Notogaster. Anterior notogastral border straight. Sixteen pairs of notogastral setae long, thickened, smooth, sometimes some posterior setae with very small barbs in medio-basal parts. Lateral (c3, d3, e2, f2) and postero-ventral (h2, h3, p1–p3) setae (164–172) longer than centro-dorsal and dorso-lateral setae (135–143). Lyrifissures im and ips distinct, other lyrifissures not visible. Ten transverse bands well-developed; of these, nine complete and one (S7) interrupted medially. Bands S7–S10 represented by numerous, divided parts. Two pairs of elongate bands located laterally to aggenito-adanal region. Gnathosoma. General morphology of subcapitulum, palps and chelicerae typical for Lohmanniidae (see Grandjean 1950; Ermilov et al. 2012). Subcapitulum longer than wide (241 × 204), with one pair of lateral tubercles. Subcapitular setae thickened, barbed; m1 (82–94) longer than m2 (69–73), a and h shortest (53–61). Three pairs of adoral setae present: or1 (36–41) very wide, lobe-shaped, smooth; or2 (49–57) thick, elongated, rounded distally; or3 (32–36) thickened, pointed distally, smooth. Palps (90) with setation 0–1–0–1–10(+ω). Distal three setae fused basally. Solenidia longer than palptarsi, thickened. Chelicerae (241) with two setae; chb of medium size (61), setiform, slightly barbed, cha short (8), needleform. Epimeral region. Anterior part of epimere IV separated medially by short, longitudinal sternal apodeme. Epimeral setal formula: 3–1–3–4. Setae 4d (20–24) and 1a, 1c, 2a, 3a, 4a, 4b and 4c (32– 36) setiform, smooth; 3b (65–73) and 1b and 3c (53–61) setiform, barbed. Anogenital region. Ten pairs of genital setae setiform, smooth; six pairs of medial setae (36–49) shorter than four pairs of lateral setae (65–73). Two pairs of anal (an1, an2, 77–86) and four pairs of adanal (ad1–ad4, 114–123) setae thickened, usually smooth, rarely with very small barbs in basal parts. Lyrifissures iad not visible. Legs. General morphology of leg segments, setae and solenidia typical for Lohmanniidae (see Grandjean 1950; Ermilov et al. 2012). Claw of each leg smooth dorsally. Femora I and II with short thumb-like ventro-posterior ledge. Formulas of leg setation and solenidia: leg I (0–5–3–4–17) [2–1– 2], leg II (0–5–3–4–13) [1–1–1], leg III (2–3–2–3–12) [1–1–0], leg IV (2–3–2–3–11) [1–0–0]; homology of setae and solenidia indicated in Table 1. Famuli (ɛ) tubercle-like, inserted between solenidia ω1 and ω2. solenidia ω1 on tarsi I, ω on tarsi II and φ on tibiae III thickened, blunt-ended; other solenidia thin, setiform. Material examined Holotype (female) and two paratypes (two females): locality SK06-24-13 (see “Material and methods” section). Type deposition The holotype is deposited in the collection of the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France; two paratypes are deposited in the collection of the Tyumen State University Museum of Zoology, Tyumen, Russia. Etymology The specific name vanuatuensis refers to the country of origin, Vanuatu. 686

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TABLE 1. Leg setation and solenidia of adult Mixacarus (Mixacarus) vanuatuensis sp. nov. Leg

Tr

Fe

Ge

Ti

Ta

I

-

d, (l), bv'', v''

(l), dσ'', σ'

(l1), l2'', v', φ

(ft), it', (tc), (p), (u), (a), s, m, n, (pv), ɛ, ω1, ω2

II

-

d, (l), bv'', v''

(l), dσ

(l1), l2'', v', φ

(ft), (tc), (it), (u), (a), s, (pv), ω

III

l', v'

d, l', ev'

l', d, σ

d, l', v', φ

(ft), (tc), (it), (u), a', s, (pv)

IV

l', v'

d, l', ev'

l', d, σ

d, l', v'

(ft), (tc), p', (u), a', s, (pv)

Roman letters refer to normal setae, Greek letters to solenidia (except ɛ = famulus), dσ — seta and solenidion coupled. Single prime (') marks setae on anterior and double prime (") setae on posterior side of the given leg segment. Parentheses refer to a pair of setae. Tr — trochanter, Fe — femur, Ge — genu, Ti — Tibia, Ta — tarsus.

Remarks Mixacarus (Mixacarus) vanuatuensis sp. nov. is morphologically most similar to M. (M.) quadrifasciatus Balakrishnan, 1986 from India (Balakrishnan 1986) in having large body size and presence of pseudoporose areas and long prodorsal and notogastral setae. However, the new species differs from the latter by the presence of 10 transverse bands on notogaster (vs. four in M. (M.) quadrifasciatus), prodorsal and notogastral setae smooth or only serrate in medio-basal parts (vs. distinctly barbed in M. (M.) quadrifasciatus) and lamellar and interlamellar setae similar in length to rostral and exobothridial setae (vs. setae le and in clearly longer than other prodorsal setae in M. (M.) quadrifasciatus).

Acknowledgements We are grateful to Dr. Elizabeth A. Hugo-Coetzee (National Museum, Bloemfontein, South Africa) and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments.The present material was collected during "SANTO 2006", an international expedition organized by the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN), Pro Natura International (PNI), and the Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD). The expedition operated under a permit granted to P. Bouchet by the Environment Unit of the Government of Vanuatu. The specimens were gathered during field work carried out by the Santo Karst team, coordinated by L. Deharveng and A.M. Semah.

References Aoki, J. (1977) Studies on Oribatei (Acarina) from the South Pacific III. Cosmohermannia monstruosa, n. sp. from New Guinea. Pacific Insects, 17 (2–3), 229–232. Balakrishnan, M.M. (1986) Two new species of oribatids (Arachnida: Acarina) from south India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 83 (3), 645–649. Balogh, J. (1958) Oribatides nouvelles de l'Afrique tropicale. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines, 58 (1–2), 1–34. Balogh, J. (1961) An outline of the family Lohmanniidae Berlese, 1916 (Acari: Oribatei). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 7 (1–2), 19–44. Balogh, J. & Balogh, P. (1983) New oribatids (Acari) from the Pacific region. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 29 (4), 303–325. Balogh, J. & Balogh, P. (1987) A new outline of the family Lohmanniidae Berlese, 1916 (Acari: Oribatei). Acta Zoologica Hungarica, 33 (3–4), 327–398. Ermilov, S.G., Anichkin, A.E. & Wu, D. (2012) Two new species of the genus Papillacarus (Acari: Oribatida: Lohmanniidae) from caves of Southern Vietnam. Zootaxa, 3593, 75–88. Ermilov, S.G., Tolstikov, A.V., Mary, N. & Schatz, H. (2013) Oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) from riverine environments of some islands in Oceania. ZooKeys, 318, 47–57.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.318.5971 Grandjean, F. (1950) Etude sur les Lohmanniidae (Oribates, Acariens). Archives de Zoologie experimentale et generale, 87 (2), 95–161. Hammer, M. (1971) On some oribatids from Viti Levu, the Fiji Islands. Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab Biologiske Skrifter, 16 (6), 1–60. Niedbala, W. (1998) Ptyctimous mites (Acari, Oribatida) of Pacific Islands. Recent knowledge, origin, descriptions, redescriptions, diagnosis and zoogeography by species. Genus, 9 (4), 431–558. Norton, R.A. (2003) Nothrolohmannia baloghi sp. n. (Acari, Oribatida) from rainforest in Papua New Guinea, and reevaluation of Nothrolohmanniidae. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 49 (1), 25–42. Norton, R.A. (2010) Systematic relationships of Lohmanniidae (Acarina: Oribatei). In: Sabelis, M.W. & Bruin, J. (Editors), Trends of acarology: Proceedings of the 12th International Congress; pp. 9–16. Norton, R.A. & Behan-Pelletier, V.M. (2009) Oribatida. Chapter 15. In: Krantz, G.W. & Walter, D.E. (Editors), A Manual of Acarology. Lubbock: Texas Tech University Press, pp. 430–564. Sellnick, M. (1959) Acarina from Southeastern Polynesia–II (Oribatidae). Occasional papers of Bernice P. Bishop Museum, 22 (9), 109–152. Subías, L.S. (2004) Listado sistemático, sinonímico y biogeográfico de los ácaros oribátidos (Acariformes: Oribatida) del mundo. Graellsia, 60, 3–305. Online version updated in March 2015, 587 pp. Wallwork, J.A. (1977) On the genus Crotonia Thorell, 1876 (Acari: Cryptostigmata). Acarologia, 19 (3), 513– 539. Womersley, H. (1945) Australian Acarina. The genera Brachychthonius Berl. and Cosmochthonius Berl. (Hypochthoniidae Oribatoidea). Records of the South Australian Museum, 8 (2), 219–223. Submitted: 23 Nov. 2015; accepted by Lizel Hugo-Coetzee: 6 Jan. 2016; published: 11 May 2016

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