Systematic & Applied Acarology 17(1): 67–73.
ISSN 1362-1971
Article
A new species of Neophyllobius (Acari: Raphignathoidea, Camerobiidae) from southeast Iran MOHAMMAD KHANJANI1, AREZOO ASADABADI2, HAMZEH IZADI2 & SALIH DOĞAN3 1. Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Bu Ali-Sina University, Hamedan, I. R. Iran, email:
[email protected]; 2. Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Vali-e-Aser University, Rafsanjan, Iran; 3. Department of Biology Education, Kâzım Karabekir Education Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
Abstract A new species, Neophyllobius bamiensis sp. nov. is described herein. The new species was collected from the bark of date trees (Phoenix dactylifera L.) (Arecaceae) in the vicinity of Bam city, Kerman province, southeast Iran. A key to the Iranian species is provided. Key words: Acari, Neophyllobius bamiensis, predatory mite, Bam, southeast Iran
Introduction Members of the genus Neophyllobius are usually predators on spider mites, false spider mites, eriophyid mites, unarmored scale insects and the first nymphal stages of some Hemiptera (Meyer (Smith), 1962; Richards, 1962; Bolland, 1986, 1991; Bolland & Mehrnejad, 2001; Gerson & Smiley, 1990; Khanjani & Ueckermann, 2002, 2006; Khanjani et al., 2010). Neophyllobius is widely distributed and found in different habitats, such as the aerial parts of plants, soil, grasses, straw, moss, leaf litter and bark (Gerson, 1973; Chaudhri et al., 1974; Gerson & Smiley, 1990; Du Toit et al., 1998). Up to now seven species were collected and described from Iran, namely: Neophyllobius persiaensis Khanjani & Ueckermann from litter under Sophora pachycarpa Schrenk (Fabaceae); N. camelli Khanjani & Ueckermann from litter under tea bushes; N. astragalusi Khanjani & Ueckermann from soil under Astragalus sp. bushes; N. pistaciae Bolland & Mehrnejad from bark, leaves and twigs of pistachio trees; N. asalii Khanjani & Ueckermann, from grass litter; Neophyllobius zolfigolii Khanjani et al. from soil under wild rose bushes and Neophyllobius kamalii Khanjani et al. from pomegranate leaves infested with Cenopalpus irani Dosse (Acari: Tenuipalpidae). In this paper the eighth species was collected from the bark of date trees (Phoenix dactylifera L.) (Arecaceae) infested with Phoenicoccus marlatti Cookerell (Homoptera: Phoenicoccidae) in the vicinity of Bam city, Kerman province, southeast Iran.
Materials and methods The collected mites were picked up under the stereomicroscope and mounted directly in Hoyer’s medium. An Olympus BX51 compound microscope with a drawing tube was used for initial pencil drawings at a magnification of 400-1000X. These drawings were scanned and imported as templates for final illustrations in Adobe Illustrator (Adobe System incorporated, San Jose, California, USA). Specimens were measured with an ocular micrometer. Measurements are presented in micrometers © 2012 Systematic & Applied Acarology Society
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(µm). Idiosoma length excludes the gnathosoma, but includes the areas with soft cuticle (base of stylet) and posterior to the opisthosoma; width is measured at the widest point of the body, just behind coxa III. Chaetotaxy follows Lindquist (1985) and Khanjani et al. (2010).
Genus Neophyllobius Berlese Type species: Neophyllobius elegans Berlese, 1886: 19.
Diagnosis: Dorsal setae usually long and strongly serrated; dorsocentral setae pdx, c1, d1, e1, f1 and h1 close to each other; two pairs of eyes. Coxisternal setae 1a on coxa I, 3a on soft cuticle between coxae III and 4a behind the level of coxae IV; anogenital area with one pair of aggenital setae (ag), genito-anal area with one pair of genital setae (g) and three pairs of pseudoanal setae (ps1–3). Coxae I–II and coxae III–IV are grouped together; genual setae usually very long and whip like; genua I and II with solenidia k. Setal formula of tibiae I–IV: 9-9 or 8-8-7; each tibia of female with a solenidion but tibia I of male with two solenidia (φ); tarsi III and IV of female without solenidia; tarsi 10(ω)-10 or 9(ω)-8-8. Tarsi I–IV with one or two mid-ventral setae (Khanjani et al., 2010).
Neophyllobius bamiensis sp. nov. (Figs. 1–8) Type material. Holotype female and one paratype female were collected from the bark of date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) (Arecaceae), in association with Phoenicoccus marlatti (Cookerel) (Homoptera: Phoenicoccidae), Bam city, Kerman province, Iran )29° 07' 26'' N, 58° 16' 01'' E, 1148 m a.s.l.), 3 May 2010, Arezoo Asadabadi. The type materials are preserved as slide mounted specimens and the holotype female is deposited in the Acari collection of department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bu-Ali Sina, Hamedan, Iran and the paratype female will be deposited in the Arachnida Collection of ARC-Plant Protection Research Institute, Pretoria, South Africa. Descrription. FEMALE (n = 2). Dimensions (measurements of paratype in parenthesis): Length of body excluding gnathosoma 325 (328), width 270 (275). Gnathosoma (Figs. 3, 4): Gnathosoma 62 (70) long (from base of infracapitulum to tip of palp) and 80 (77) wide. Infracapitulum only with setae m 28 (29) and two pairs of adoral setae (or1–2), or1 7(7), or2 9 (7); m–m 28 (30) (Fig. 2). Palp (Fig. 3) five segmented with following setal distribution: tarsus with one eupathidium, two simple setae, one small solenidion; tibia with three tactile setae, one blade like seta; genu with one long, slender, serrated seta 31 (27); femur with two serrated setae 24 (26), 32 (30), trochanter bare and coxae with spine like seta 3 (4) (Fig. 4). Dorsum (Fig. 1). With 15 pairs of long serrated setae set on tubercles (Fig. 1), all setae longer than distance to setae next behind. Length of prodorsal setae (paratype in parenthesis): v1 53 (52), v2 55 (56), sc1 40 (42), sc2 45 (40), pdx 42 (47), opisthosomal setae: c1 48 (52), c2 63 (65), d1 55 (58), d2 44 (48), e1 63 (65), e2 52 (55), f1 65 (68), f2 49 (55), h1 35 (30), h2 48(45). Distances between setae: v1–v179 (78), v2 –v2 105 (107), v1– v2 35 (33), v1–pdx 57 (60), v2–pdx 45 (49), pdx–pdx 22 (23), pdx– c1 23(25), c1–d1 60 (62), d1–d1 10 (9), d1–d2 75 (70), d1–e1 60 (63), sc1–sc1 115 (113), v2–sc1 12 (17), sc2–sc2 152 (153), sc1 –sc2 40 (38), sc2–sc2148 (150), sc2–c1 59 (64), sc2–c2 52 (55), c1–c1 20 (18), c1–c2 96 (95), c2–c2 167 (165), d2–d2 155 (150), e1–e110 (11), e1–f1 54 (56), f1–h1 58 (60), e1–e2 72 (75), d2–e2 30 (30), f1–f1 10 (11), f1–f2 71 (74), f2–f2 127 (130), e2–f2 77 (70), h1–h1 7 (8), h1–h2 20 (20), h2–h2 50 (50), c2–d2 45 (55), d2–e2 33 (33), f1–h2 80 (83). Two pairs of eyes, posterolateral to sc2. 68
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Venter (Fig. 2). Coxae smooth and setae mostly long, slender and slightly serrate; setae 1c, 2c, 3c and 4c are longer than others. Anogenital area with one pair of aggenital seta (ag), two pairs of genital setae (g1–2) and three pairs of anal setae (ps1–3) (Fig. 2). Ventral setae length as follows: Setae 1a 30 (33), 1b 43 (49), 1c 67 (73), 2c 60 (63), 3b 35 (46), 3c 63 (66), 4a 44 (45), 4b 15 (20) 4c 50 (53). Anogenital setae: ag 27 (30), g1 18 (20), g2 12 (13), ps1 8 (9), ps2 10 (11), ps3 13 (17); distances ag–ag 56 (58), g1–g1 28 (30), g2–g2 28 (29), g1–g2 45 (47), ps1 –ps1 12 (12), ps2 –ps2 18 (19), ps3– ps3 16 (16).
FIGURES 1–4. Neophyllobius bamiensis sp. nov. (female): 1. dorsum, 2. venter, 3. palp, 4. subcapitulum.
Legs (Figs. 5–16). Leg measurements: I 555 (562), leg II 477 (525), leg III 530 (537), leg IV 577 (580), leg IV longer than others. Chaetotaxy of leg segments as follows (specialized setae in parentheses and not included in setal counts): coxae 3-1-2-2, trochanters 1-1-1-1, femora 4-3-2-1, genua 1(κ)-1(κ)-1-1, tibiae 9(φ)-8(φ)-8(φ)-7(φ), tarsi 10(ω)-10(ω)-8-8. Leg setae as indicated in Figs 5–12. Genual setae III–IV longer than I–II (Figs. 5–8). Genual setae length as follows: I–IV 215 (230) - 205 (243) - 278 (300) -310 (295). Coxae I with supra coaxal seta 4 (5) (Fig. 2). Length of solenidion (φ) on tibia I–IV 12 (13), 10 (12), 8 (10), 9 (9). MALE. Unknown. 2012
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FIGURES 5–8. Neophyllobius bamiensis sp. nov. (female): 5. femur & genu I, 6. femur & genu II, 7. femur & genu III, 8. femur & genu IV.
Etymology. This species is named for its location where it was collected, Bam city, Kerman province, Iran. Remarks. Neophyllobius bamiensis sp. nov. is closely related to N. fissus De Leon, 1967 in having one seta on femur IV, e1 setae not reaching bases of h1 setae and distance between bases e1– f1 = d1–e1. However, it differs from the latter by: 1) length genual setae I–IV 215 (230) – 205 (243) - 278 (300) -310 (295) versus 190 - 193 - 208 -253 in N. fissus; 2) dorsocentral setae, pdx 42 (47), c1 48 (52), d1 55 (58), e1 63 (65), f1 65 (68), h1 35 (30) whereas pdx 38, c1 37, d1 49, e1 41, f1 51, h1 38 in N. fissus; 3) dorsolateral setae sc1 40 (42), sc2 45 (40), c2 63 (65), d2 44 (48), e2 52 (55), f2 49 (55), h2 48(45) in the former opposed to sc1 33, sc2 38, c2 38, d2 42, e2 38, f2 33, h2 28 in the latter; 4) palp genual seta of N. fissus much longer than N. bamiensis; 5) both setae of palp femur do not reach to end of palp genu in new species but one of palp femoral seta passes end of setal palp tarsus N. fissus; 6) long setae of genu I–III not reaching end of respective legs in N. bamiensis but reaching to or beyond end of respective legs in N. fissus. Also the new species closely resembles N. camelli Khanjani & Ueckermann, 2002 in general appearance but differs from the latter by: coxal pattern reticulate vs. smooth; femora 4-3-2-1 in the former vs. 4-3-2-2 in the latter; length dorsal setae pdx 42 (45), c1 48 (52), d1 55 (58), d2 44 (48), e1 63 (65), e2 52 (55), h2 48 (45) in N. bamiensis opposed to pdx 54 , c1 74 , d1 69 , d2 46 e1 69, e2 46 h2 34 in N. camelli; and genual seta I–IV 215 (230) - 205 (243) - 278 (300) -310 (295) respectively in the former whereas 112-85-177-231 in the latter. More details are given in Table 1. 70
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Length of setae
N. bamiensis sp. nov.
N. zolfigoli
N. kamalii
N. pistaciae
N. camelli
N. astragalusi
N. asalii
N. persiaensis
TABLE 1. Dimensions of dorsal and genual setae of Iranian Neophyllobius.
v1
53 (52)
75
63
85
49
92
82.5
88
v2
55 (56)
59
68
80
54
85
60
69
sc1
40 (42)
53
67
85
46
85
75
62
sc2
45 (40)
56
69
85
46
85
76
54
pdx
42 (47)
53
79
110
54
108
88
49
c1
48 (52)
59
95
125
74
208
195
62
c2
63 (65)
80
77
110
69
162
125
103
d1
55 (58)
113
88
125
69
223
163
143
d2
44 (48)
50
66
70–78
46
92
67.5
69
e1
63 (65)
102
75
125
69
223
173
116
e2
52 (55)
60
46
70
46
100
80
72
f1
65 (68)
72
52
95
62
178
128
100
f2
49 (55)
34
38
50
39
77
53
36
h1
35 (30)
25
12
35
34
46
38
31
h2
48(45)
25
37
45
34
62
48
33
Ge I
215 (230)
73
175
145
112
266
238
77
Ge II
205 (243)
101
200
202
85
285
288
123
Ge III
278 (300)
151
255
261
177
324
313
185
Ge IV
310 (295)
224
283
277
231
Broken off
363
262
Key to Iranian species of Neophyllobius (following Khanjani et al. 2010 with addition of a new species) Tarsi formula 10(ω)-10(ω)-8-8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Tarsi formula 10(ω)-9(ω)-8-8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Setae c1, d1 and e1 equal to subequal in length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Setae c1 (62) less than half length of d1 (143) and e1 (116) . . . . . . N. persiaensis Khanjani & Ueckermann Setae v1 49, f2 39 and h2 34; genual setae I–II about half length of tibiae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N. cameli Khanjani & Ueckermann - Setae v1 52–63, f2 50–55 and h2 45–48; genual setae I–II longer than tibiae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4. Setae v2 80, sc2 85, pdx 110, (c1, e1, d1 125), c2 110 and f1 95 . . . . . . . . N. pistaciae Bolland & Mehrnejad - Setae v2 55, sc2 45, pdx 47, c1 52, c2 65, d1 58, e1 65 and f1 68 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .N. bamiensis sp. nov 5. Setae c1 59, e1 ≤128, f1 ≤105 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .N. zolfigolii Khanjani et al. - Setae c1 ≥165, e1 ≥152, f1 ≥118 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 6. Setae c1 95 less than three times length of than h2 37 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N. kamalii Khanjani et al. - Setae c1 more than three times length of h2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1. 2. 3.
2012
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7. Seta d on femur I as long as or slightly shorter than distance to articulation facet with genu; setae c1 208, d1 and e1 223 long; c1 extends past posterior margin of body . . . . . . N. astragalusi Khanjani & Ueckermann - Seta d clearly shorter than distance to articulation facet; setae c1 195, d1 163 and e 173 long, c1 extends beyond f1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N. asalii Khanjani & Ueckermann
FIGURES 9–12. Neophyllobius bamiensis sp. nov. (female): 9. tibia I, 10. tibia II, 11. tibia III, 12. tibia IV.
Acknowledgement The authors wish to thank Dr. Owen Seeman, Collection Manager of Arachnida and Myriapoda, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Australia for editing and valuable comments on the manuscript.
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FIGURES 13–16. Neophyllobius bamiensis sp. nov. (female): 13. tarsus I, 14. tarsus II, 15. tarsus III, 16. tarsus IV.
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