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Acceptable symbiont cell size differs among cnidarian species and may limit symbiont diversity.
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Biquand E, Okubo N, Aihara Y, Rolland V, Hayward DC, Hatta M, Minagawa J, Maruyama T, Takahashi S show author affiliations
ISME J. 2017 Jul; 11(7):1702-1712
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Recommendations: 24 Jul 2017
Exceptional
Andrew Baird
Joana Figueiredo
F1000 Ecology
F1000 Ecology
James Cook University, Townsville, QLD,
Nova Southeastern University, Dania
Australia.
Beach, Florida, USA.
CONTROVERSIAL | INTERESTING HYPOTHESIS | NEW FINDING
DOI: 10.3410/f.727433365.793534515 This highly significant work throws a rather large spanner into the research on the mechanism of symbiont acquisition in cnidarians. Reef-building corals are an obligate symbiosis between a coral animal host and alga of the genus Symbiodinium. Most corals must acquire their symbionts anew in each generation, either as larvae or shortly after settlement. Until now, most researchers have assumed that the process of symbiont uptake was controlled by a highly complicated cell surface recognition processes. In this elegant experimental study, first using the model organism Aiptasia and subsequently confirming the result with two scleractinian coral species, Biquand et al. suggest the process of uptake is actually remarkably simple. The authors demonstrate that the infectivity of different symbiont types was related to cell size, a result they confirmed using artificial fluorescent microspheres. In addition, different hosts had different preferences for cells of a given size. Nonetheless, the high specificity of most adult colonies with symbionts of a given type for a give coral species suggests that there must be a winnowing process post-uptake whereby the host chooses symbionts. Furthermore, the research indicates a much greater role for the host in controlling the symbiosis than is often recognised. Disclosures None declared Add a comment
Abstract: ABSTRACT
Reef-building corals form symbiotic relationships with dinoflagellates of the genus Symbiodinium. Symbiodinium are genetically and physiologically diverse, and corals may be able to adapt to different environments by altering their dominant Symbiodinium phylotype. Notably, each coral species associates only with specific Symbiodinium phylotypes, and consequently the diversity of symbionts available to the host is limited by the species specificity. Currently, it is widely presumed that species specificity is determined by the more » combination of... cell-surface molecules on the host and symbiont. Here we show experimental evidence supporting a new model to explain at least part of the specificity in coral-Symbiodinium symbiosis. Using the laboratory model Aiptasia-Symbiodinium system, we found that symbiont infectivity is related to cell size; larger Symbiodinium phylotypes are less likely to establish a symbiotic relationship with the host Aiptasia. This size dependency is further supported by experiments where symbionts were replaced by artificial fluorescent microspheres. Finally, experiments using two different coral species demonstrate that our size-dependent-infection model can be expanded to coral-Symbiodinium symbiosis, with the acceptability of large-sized Symbiodinium phylotypes differing between two coral species. Thus the selectivity of the host for symbiont cell size can affect the diversity of symbionts in corals. DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2017.17 PMID: 28323278 Abstract courtesy of PubMed: A service of the National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health.
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Acceptable symbiont cell size differs among cnidarian species...
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