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Typhoid. Decoction of a mixture of the roots and leaves is taken orally. ..... kamerunensis is orally. Raphia hookeri Man. & Wendl. Arecaceae Kho. Sap. Induces.
Additional file 1: Medicinal plants used in Babungo for treating different diseases. Botanical name

Family

Local name

Part used

Use

Preparation and administration

Gekbou

Voucher specimen number DS 127

Acanthus montanus (Nees) T. Anders.

Acanthaceae

Leaves

Malaria

Zingiberaceae

Iswo

DS 193

Seeds

Afrostyrax kamerunensis Perk and Gilg.

Huaceae

Fulong

DS 135

Seeds

Component of many herbal remedies Venereal diseases

Concoction with the leaves of Senna alata is taken orally. Used in combination with other herbs.

Aframomum melegueta K. Schum

Agave sisalana Perrine

Agavaceae

Nseng

DS 187

Leaves

Ageratum conyzoides L.

Asteraceae

Ndobovensi

DS 169

Stem, leaves and flowers Leaves

Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.

Liliaceae

Aloe vera

DS 202

Leaves

Local analgesic and antiinflammatory Bronchitis/ Fevers Infantile diarrhoea Gastritis/ Stomachache Malaria

Latex

Wounds/ Skin diseases

Allium sativum L.

Alliaceae

Garlic

DS 175

Leaves

Hypertension

Amaranthus hybridus L.

Amaranthac eae

Fih

DS 183

Leaves

Antiinflammatory

Amaranthus lividus L.

Amaranthac eae

Flower bai DS 166

Leaves

Aneamia

Annanas comosus (L.) Merr.

Bromeliacea Pineapple e

Leaves

Malaria

DS 170

1

Concoction with the roots of Raphia hookeri is taken orally. The paste from ground leaves is applied topically on affected parts. An infusion of the aerial part of the plant is taken orally. Maceration of the young leaves is taken orally. Leaves are chewed and the leaf juice is swallowed. Maceration is taken orally. Latex from the leaves is applied on affected parts. The bulbs are added to a decoction of the leaves of Lantana camara and taken orally. Paste from ground leaves are applied on affected parts. Leaves are squeezed and the leaf juice taken orally. Concoction of the leaves A. comosus and

Aspilia africana (Pers) C. D. Ada

Asteraceae

Wowoh

DS 172

Leaves

Wounds

Gastritis

Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anders.

Acanthacea e

Formenshi DS 148

Leaves

Aneamia

Basella alba L.

Basellaceae

Luii

DS 180

Bersama abyssinica Fresen.

Melianthace ae

Fuaveti

DS 131

Stem and leaves Stem bark

Strengthen neonates Stomachache

Bidens pilosa L.

Asteraceae

Shoctesuc

DS 176

Whole plant

Malaria

Insecticide Leaves

Wounds

the stem bark of Spathodea campanulata is taken orally. Leaf juice from crushed leaves is applied on wounds. Young leaves are chewed and the leaf juice is swallowed. The leaves are squeezed and the leaf juice is taken orally. Decoction is taken as an enema. Decoction of the stem bark is taken orally. Concoction with the leaves of Cymbopogon citratus is taken orally. Whole plant is burnt to keep away insects. Leaves are crushed and leaf juice applied on wounds. Leaves are warmed and the leaf juice is squeezed into the ears.

Bryophylum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken

Crassulacea e

Juteweh

DS 225

Leaves

Painful ear

Caladium sp.

Araceae

Lala

DS 161

Leaves

Malaria

Decoction taken orally.

Canarium schweinfurthii Engl.

Burseraceae

Tibew

DS 226

Root

Venereal diseases/ Aphrodisiac

Concoction with the roots of Vernonia amygdalina, Capsicum frustesens and the bracts of Musa paradisiaca is taken orally.

Capsicum annuum L.

Solanaceae

Nyanta

DS 125

Fruit

Restorative after delivery

Capsicum frutescens L.

Solanaceae

Nyantafesu cse

DS 186

Fruit

Gastritis

Fruits are added to soups in large quantities. Added to a concoction to treat gastritis.

2

Carica papaya L.

Caricaceae

Pawpaw

Roots

Venereal disease/ aphrodisiac

Leaves

Malaria Gastritis

Jaundice

Wounds

Cassia hirsuta L.

Caesalpiniace Tulushine ae

Celosia globosa Schinz.

Amaranthac eae

Mumeben g

DS 182

Roots and leaves

Typhoid

Leaves

Skin diseases

Leaves

Athlete’s foot

Navel pains

Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.

Apiaceae

Nid

DS 218

Leaves

Diabetes

Chenopodium ambrosioides L. Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King and H. Robinson

Chenopodiac eae

Fulunfu

DS 209

Leaves

Convulsion

Asteraceae

Twigi

DS 149

Leaves

Wound dressing/skin diseases

3

Concoction with the bracts of M. paradisiaca and the roots of C. schweinfurthii, V. amygdalina, and C. frutescens is taken orally. Leaf juice is squeezed and taken orally. Leaf juice is mixed with grated Allium sativum bulbs and the fruit juice of Citrus limon and taken orally. Concoction with the yellowing leaves of M. paradisiaca is taken orally. Leaf juice is applied on fresh wounds. Decoction of a mixture of the roots and leaves is taken orally. Decoction is taken orally. Leaves are squeezed and the leaf juice applied on affected parts. A paste made from a mixture of ground leaves and palm oil and taken orally. Infusion of the leaves is taken orally. Leaf juice administered orally. Leaf juice is applied on wounds and on skin diseases. A poultice made from the crushed leaves is used to cover wounds.

Citrus aurantium L.

Rutaceae

Orange

DS 143

Roots and leaves

Malaria/jaund ice

Decoction of the roots and leaves is taken orally. The fruit juice is added to C. papaya leaf juice and taken orally. Infusion taken orally.

Citrus limon (L.) Burm.f.

Rutaceae

Lemon

DS 147

Fruit

Gastritis

Clematopsis scabiosifolia (D.C) Hutch. Cola acuminata (P. Beauv.) Schott & Endl.

Ranunculac eae

Nyantatoh

DS 141

Stem and leaves

Stimulant

Sterculiacea e

Ibi

DS 221

Seeds Leaves

Stimulant Diarrhoea

Cola nitida (Vent.) Schott & Endl. Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott.

Sterculiacea e Araceae

Ibi

DS 184

Ndai

DS 161

Same as above Tubers

Same as above Whitlow

Commelina benghalensis L.

Commelinace Wiwih ae

DS 227

Latex

Ring worm

Leaves

Headache

DS 178

Young leaves Leaves

Cough and tuberculosis Conjunctivitis

DS 192

Leaves

Convulsion

Paste from ground leaves is mixed with palm oil and taken orally.

The seeds are chewed. Leaves are squeezed and leaf juice taken orally. Same as above Paste from grated tubers is applied on affected parts and tied with a band. Latex is applied on affected parts. Poultice made from the warm leaves is pressed and rubbed on the forehead. Decoction is administered orally. Juice from the crushed leaves is dropped into the infected eye.

Cordia platythyrsa Barker Crassocephalum rubens (Juss. Ex.Jacq.) S. Moore.

Boranginace Ibokwing ae Asteraceae Ndoboven si

Crotalaria mucronata Desv.

Papilionace ae

Croton macrostachyus Hochst. ex Del. Cymbopogin citratus (DC.) Stapf.

Euphorbiace Njang ae

DS 133

Root

Purgative

Decoction is administered orally.

Poaceae

Fever grass

DS 216

Leaves

Fever/Malaria

Dichrocephalla integrifolia

Asteraceae

Ndobeven si

DS 181

Stem and leaves

Headache

Concoction of the leaves with the leaves of B. pilosa is taken orally. Warmed leaves are pressed on the

Nekbaba

4

(L.f.) Kuntze Elaeis guinensis Jacq. Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.

forehead. Palm oil made from the fruit is taken orally. Pounded leaves are mixed with palm oil and taken orally. Fractures Paste from pounded leaves is applied on broken parts and tied with a bandage. Gastritis Leaves are chewed and leaf juice swallowed. Wounds Leaves are crushed and leaf juice is applied on wounds. Suppuration Leaves are warmed and of the ears leaf juice is squeezed into the ears. Mental illness Decoction is taken orally. Malaria Decoction is taken orally. Aneamia/Sto Leaves are squeezed machache and leaf juice taken orally. Gastritis/mens Young leaves are trual pains chewed and the leaf juice is swallowed.

Arecaceae

Iteh

DS 190

Fruits

Poaceae

Woh

DS 207

Leaves

Emilia coccinea (Sims.) G. Don

Asteraceae

Nsefouse Femefous e

DS 152

Leaves

Ensete gilletii (De Wild.) Cheesman Entada abyssinica Steud. Ex. A. Rich. Eremomastax speciosa (Hochst.) Cufod. Erygeron floribundus (H.B. and K.) Sch.Bip

Musaceae

Ngomeke

DS 126

Roots

Mimosaceae Fundung

DS 146

Stembark

Acanthacea e

Nsebai

DS 223

Leaves

Asteraceae

Ndoboven si

DS 156

Leaves

Eryngium foetidium L.

Apiaceae

DS 184

Leaves

Irregular heart beat

Erythrina senegalensis DC.

Papilionace ae

Tinyao

DS 196

Stem bark

Jaundice

Eucalyptus spp.

Myrtaceae

Forest guide

DS 128

Young leaves

Fevers and colds

Infusion of the young leaves is taken orally.

Euphorbia hirta L.

Euphorbiace Femenven ae si

DS 132

Stem, leaves and flowers

Gastritis Stomachache Nausea

Stem, leaves are flowers are chewed and juice swallowed.

Ficus exasperata Vahl.

Moraceae

Ngwase

DS 204

Fruit

Female infertility

Decoction of the fruit is taken orally.

Ficus thonningii

Moraceae

Ngung

DS DS

Stem bark

Malaria

Concoction with the

5

Poison antidote Side pains

Leaves are squeezed and the juice taken orally. Decoction of the stem bark is taken orally.

Blume Gossypium hirsutum L.

127 Malvaceae

Meh

Leaves Roots

Venereal diseases Malaria

leaves of C. citratus is taken orally. A decoction of the leaves is taken orally. Decoction of the roots is taken orally. Leaves are crushed and leaf juice applied on affected parts.

Harungana madagascariensis Lam. ex Poir.

Hypericacea e

Febai

Leaves

Filaria

Hemizygia welwitschii (Rolfe.) M. Ashby

Lamiaceae

Yengong

Stem, leaves and flowers

Malaria

Decoction of the stem, leaves and flowers is taken orally.

Hibiscus cannabinus L.

Malvaceae

Viguala

Leaves

Aneamia

Leaves are squeezed and the leaf juice taken orally.

Hilleria latifolia (Lam) H. Walt.

Phytolaccac eae

Bibe

Strengthen neonates

Hydrocotyle bonariensis Lam.

Apiaceae

Itomau

Stem, leaves and flowers Whole plant

Decoction is used as enema and also for a bath. Decoction of the whole plant is taken orally.

Jateorhiza macrantha Menispermac Gaiko eae (Hook.f.) Exell & Mendoca

Leaves

Venereal disease

Jetropha curcas L.

Roots

Venereal diseases

Latex

Wounds

Latex from cut stem applied on wounds.

Skin diseases

Latex from cut stem applied on affected parts. Decoction of the stem and leaves is taken orally. Decoction of the leaves is taken orally. Leaves are chewed and the leaf juice is swallowed. Decoction of the leaves

Euphorbiace Medjai ae

Navel pains

Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth.

Bignoniacea e

Thai

Stem bark and leaves

Rheumatism

Lactuca capensis Thunb.

Asteraceae

Nsefouse/ Femeh

Leaves

Cerebral malaria Gastritis

Hypertension

6

Concoction of the bark with the seeds of A. melegueta is taken orally. Decoction of the roots is taken orally.

Lannea schimperi (Hochst. ex. A.Rich.) Engl.

Anacardiace ae

Nkwelegit o

Stem bark

Toothache

Lantana camara L.

Verbenacea e

Flower

Leaves

Typhoid Hypertension

Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br.

Lamiaceae

Fulong

Leaves

Side pains

Mangifera indica L.

Anacardiace ae

Mango

Stem bark and leaves

malaria

Markhamia lutea (Benth.) K.Schum. ex Engl. Mikania cordata (Burm.f.) B.L. Robinson

Bignoniacea e

Bengtifua/ Tibeng

Stem bark and leaves

Rheumatism

Asteraceae

Shobise

Leaves

Stomachache

Abortifacient

Mimosa invisa L.

Mimosaceae Kwiteweh

Leaves

Whitlow

Mimosa pudica L.

Mimosaceae Kwiteweh

Leaves

Palpitation

Mormodica cissoides Planche. ex. Benth.

Cucurbitace ae

Leaves

Navel pains

Woteh

Constipation Musa paradisiaca L.

Musaceae

Nkwili

7

Bracts

Aphrodisiac/ Venereal disease

Leaves

Jaundice

is taken orally. Decoction of the stem bark is used as a mouth wash Decoction of the leaves is taken orally. A. sativum bulbs are added to a decoction of the leaves and taken orally. Decoction of the leaves is taken orally. Concoction of the stem bark and the leaves of C. citratus and Psidium guajava is taken orally. Decoction of the stem and leaves is taken orally. Leaves are squeezed and leaf juice taken orally. Leaves are squeezed and leaf juice taken orally. Crushed leaves are applied on affected parts. Leaves are chewed with palm kernels. Decoction of the leaves is used for enema. Decoction of the leaves is used for enema. Concoction of the bracts, the roots of C. Schweinfurthii, V. amygdalina and C. frutescens is taken orally. Concoction with the yellowing leaves of C. papaya taken orally.

Musa sapientum L.

Nicotiana tabacum L.

Musaceae

Solanaceae

Yuck

Ndobo

Bracts

Filaria

Fruit

Cough

Leaves

Toothache

Stimulant Ocimum basilicum L.

Lamiaceae

Zwitefua

Leaves

Constipation

Ocimum gratissimum L.

Lamiaceae

Fulungfu

Leaves

Stomachache

Convulsion in children

Oxalis corniculata L.

Oxalidaceae

Ithomau

Stem and leaves

Navel pains

Paspalum conjugatum Berg.

Poaceae

Shocsi

Whole plant

Venereal diseases

Physalis angulata L.

Solanaceae

Batetoh

Fruits

Piliostigma thonningii (Schum.) Milne-Redhead. Piper umbellatum L.

Caesalpiniace Bing ae

Stem bark

Restorative after delivery Malaria

Piperaceae

Mumbua

Leaves

Piles

Lamiaceae

Nsebai

Leaves

Aneamia

Plactranthus glandulosus Hook.f.

Diarrhoea

Platycerium stemaria (P. Beauv.) Desv.

Polypodiace ae

Isocnekai

Leaves

8

Stomachache

Decoction of the bracts is taken orally. The rind is burnt and the resulting ash is mixed with palm oil and administered orally. Dried leaves are ground into a fine powder and put on painful tooth. Dried leaves are smoked. Infusion of the leaf is taken orally. Leaves are squeezed and the leaf juice taken orally. Leaves are squeezed and the leaf juice are dropped into the eyes and rubbed all over the body. Decoction of the stem and leaves is taken orally. Concoction of the whole plant, Stelleria media,and Spilanthes filicaulis is taken orally. Ripe fruits are eaten fresh Decoction of the stem bark is taken orally. Leaf juice is rubbed around the anus. Leaves are squeezed and the leaf juice is taken orally. Leaves are squeezed and the leaf juice is taken orally. Leaves are dried in a hot pot, ground into a

Polyscias fulva (Hiern.) Harms

Araliaceae

Polystachya odorata Lindl.

Orchidaceae

Portulaca oleracea L.

Portulacace ae

Prunus africana (Hook.f.) Kalkman

Rosaceae

Vai

Leaves

Rheumatism

Whole plant

Stomachache

Ngekbaba

Stem and leaves

Venereal diseases

Pygeum

Stem bark

Mental illness Fever

Psidium guajava L.

Myrtaceae

Guava

Leaves

Diarrhoea

Malaria

Raphia hookeri Man & Wendl.

Arecaceae

Kho

Rauvilfia vomitoria Afzel.

Apocynacea e

Ricinus communis L.

Euphorbiace Medjai ae

Sanseviera liberica Ger. & Labr.

Agavaceae

Nseng

Scoparia dulcis L.

Scrophulariace ae

Fornyui

Senna alata (L.)

Thauveng o

Roots

Venereal disease

Sap

Induces lactation High blood pressure/ Mental illness Vermifuge

Roots

Seeds

DS 164

Caesalpiniace Forgwinan

Leaves

Antiinflammation

Leaves

Poison antidote

Leaves

9

Traditional elixir Malaria

fine powder, mixed with palm oil and taken orally. Decoction of the leaves is taken orally. Whole plant is dried in a hot pot, ground into a fine powder, mixed with palm oil and taken orally. Concoction with the seeds of A. melegueta is taken orally. Decoction of the stem bark is taken orally. Decoction of the stem bark is taken orally. Young leaves are chewed and the leaf juice swallowed. Concoction with the leaves of M. indica, the leaves of C. citratus is taken orally Concoction with the fruits of A. kamerunensis is orally. Fermented sap from the tree is drunk. Decoction of the roots is taken orally. Castor oil extracted from the seeds is administered orally to expel intestinal worms. Leaves are ground into a paste which is applied on affected parts. Leaves are chewed and the leaf juice is swallowed. Dried in a hot pot and ground into a powder. Concoction of the

Roxb.

ae

ase

Sida rhombifolia L.

Malvaceae

Nsengneb ew

Young leaves

Sida veronicifolia L.

Malvaceae

Mbuase

Leaves

Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.

Poaceae

Saigini

Stem and leaves

Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv.

Bignoniacea e

Siale/Tibai bai

Stem bark

Spilanthes filicaulis (Schum. and Thonn.) C.D. Ada.

Asteraceae

Nyantany ui

Flower

Toothache

Stem, leaves and flowers

Stomachache/ Gastritis

leaves with those of A. montanus is administered orally. Drowsiness Leaves are chewed and the leaf juice is swallowed. Eases delivery Leaves are squeezed and the leaf juice taken orally. Filaria Decoction of the stem and leaves is taken orally. Malaria/ Decoction of the stem Venereal bark is taken orally. diseases

Malaria

Stellaria media (L.) Vill.

Caryophyllac eae

Fotofoteye se

Leaves and stem

Coccidiosis

Venereal diseases

Thevetia neriifolia Juss.

Apocynacea e

Thau

Leaves

Local analgesic

Trema orientalis (L.) Blume

Ulmaceae

Fai

Irregular heart beat

Vernonia amygdalina Delile

Asteraceae

Ying

Leaves and stem bark Leaves

10

Jaundice/mala ria

A flower is chewed using the painful tooth. Stem, leaves and flowers are chewed and the leaf juice is swallowed Stem, leaves and flowers are a component of a mixture of plants used to treat malaria. The leaves are crushed and the leaf juice is feed to birds. Concoction of the stem, leaves and flower combined with S. filicaulis and P. conjugatum is taken orally. Leaves are ground into a paste which is applied on affected parts. Decoction taken orally.

Concoction with the leaves of C. papaya is taken orally.

Wound dressing

Vernonia calvoana var microcephala C.D. Adams

Asteraceae

Ndoboven si

Leaves and stem

Voacanga africana Stapf.

Apocynacea e

Thau

Stem bark and roots

Zea mays L.

Poaceae

Sai

Silk

Zehneria scabra (L.f.) Sond.

Cucurbitace ae

Gi

Leaves

11

Poultice made from the crushed leaves is used to cover wounds. Venereal Concoction with the diseases/aphro roots of C. disiac schweinfurthii and C. frutescens is taken orally. Headache Leaves and stems are warmed over a fire and pressed on the forehead.

Mental illness

Concoction of the stem bark and the roots is taken orally. Malaria Infusion of the silk and the fruit juice of C. limon is taken orally Cryptorchidism Decoction of the leaves is used for enema.