Recent origin and semi-permeable species boundaries in the scleractinian coral genus Stylophora from the Red Sea
Roberto Arrigoni1, Francesca Benzoni2,3, Tullia I. Terraneo1, Annalisa Caragnano3 & Michael L. Berumen1
1
Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal
23955-6900, Saudi Arabia. 2 Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, Milano 20126, Italy. 3 Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR227 Coreus2, 101 Promenade Roger Laroque, BP A5, 98848 Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to R. A. (email:
[email protected])
Supplementary information accompanies this paper at http://www.nature.com/srep
Data S1. List of Stylophora specimens analysed for this study with voucher number, Stylophora molecular clade, sampling locality and geographic coordinate, collector, and EMBL accession number of each of the seven sequenced loci. Voucher number SA1172 SA1242 SA2041 SA2050 SA2051 SA2052 SA2066
Genus Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora
Species
Molecula r clade
wellsi
4
wellsi
4
wellsi
4
wellsi
4
wellsi
4
wellsi
4
wellsi
4
Sampling locality Shaybarah, Red Sea Thuwal, Red Sea Thuwal, Red Sea Thuwal, Red Sea Thuwal, Red Sea Thuwal, Red Sea Thuwal, Red Sea
Coordinates N 25°21.694', E 36°54.754' N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173' N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173' N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173' N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173' N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173' N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173'
Collect or Benzoni F Caragna no A Terrane o TI Terrane o TI Terrane o TI Terrane o TI Terrane o TI
COI LT16 0970 LT16 0971 LT16 0972 LT16 0973 LT16 0974 LT16 0975 LT16 0976
CR LT16 1079 LT16 1080 LT16 1081 LT16 1082 LT16 1083 LT16 1084 LT16 1085
ORF LT16 1188 LT16 1189 LT16 1190 LT16 1191 LT16 1192 LT16 1193 LT16 1194
ITS1 LT161297LT161298 LT161299LT161300 LT161301LT161302 LT161303LT161304 LT161305 LT161306LT161307 LT161308LT161309
ITS2 LT161458LT161459
HSP70
LT161460 LT161461LT161462 LT161463LT161464 LT161465LT161466 LT161467LT161468 LT161469LT161470
LT161640
LT161639
psbA LT16 1813 LT16 1814
LT161641 LT161642 LT161643LT161644 LT161645LT161646 LT161647LT161648
LT16 1815
LT16 1816
SA2067 SA2068 SA2069 SA2075
Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora
5581
Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora
SA093
Stylop hora
SA235 SA371 SA372 SA667 SA731
SA094 SA1176 SA1178 SA1230 SA1243 SA2027 SA2028 SA2030 SA2039 SA2054 SA2056 SA2057
Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora
wellsi
4
wellsi
4
wellsi
4
wellsi
4
wellsi
4
wellsi
4
wellsi
4
wellsi
4
wellsi
4
mamillata
4
mamillata
4
mamillata
4
mamillata
4
mamillata
4
mamillata
4
mamillata
4
mamillata
4
mamillata
4
mamillata
4
mamillata
4
mamillata
4
mamillata
4
mamillata
4
Thuwal, Red Sea Thuwal, Red Sea Thuwal, Red Sea Thuwal, Red Sea Farasan Banks, Red Sea Thuwal, Red Sea Thuwal, Red Sea Al Wajh, Red Sea Ras Al-Ubayd, Red Sea Thuwal, Red Sea Farasan Banks, Red Sea Farasan Banks, Red Sea Shaybarah, Red Sea Shaybarah, Red Sea Thuwal, Red Sea Thuwal, Red Sea Thuwal, Red Sea Thuwal, Red Sea Thuwal, Red Sea Thuwal, Red Sea Thuwal, Red Sea Thuwal, Red Sea Thuwal, Red Sea
N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173' N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173' N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173' N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173'
Terrane o TI Terrane o TI Terrane o TI Terrane o TI
LT16 0977 LT16 0978 LT16 0979 LT16 0980
LT16 1086 LT16 1087 LT16 1088 LT16 1089
LT16 1195 LT16 1196 LT16 1197 LT16 1198
N 20°07.690', E 40°12.513' N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173' N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173' N 25°23.515', E 36°41.035' N 26°44.167', E 36°02.659' N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173'
Benzoni F Benzoni F Benzoni F Benzoni F Benzoni F Baird AH
LT16 0981 LT16 0982 LT16 0983 LT16 0984 LT16 0985 LT16 0986
LT16 1090 LT16 1091 LT16 1092 LT16 1093 LT16 1094 LT16 1095
LT16 1199 LT16 1200 LT16 1201 LT16 1202 LT16 1203 LT16 1204
N 20°07.690', E 40°12.513'
Benzoni F
LT16 0987
LT16 1096
N 20°07.690', E 40°12.513' N 25°21.694', E 36°54.754' N 25°21.694', E 36°54.754' N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173' N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173' N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173' N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173' N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173' N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173' N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173' N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173' N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173'
Benzoni F Benzoni F Benzoni F Caragna no A Caragna no A Terrane o TI Terrane o TI Terrane o TI Terrane o TI Terrane o TI Terrane o TI Terrane o TI
LT16 0988 LT16 0989 LT16 0990 LT16 0991 LT16 0992 LT16 0993 LT16 0994 LT16 0995 LT16 0996 LT16 0997 LT16 0998 LT16 0999
LT16 1097 LT16 1098 LT16 1099 LT16 1100 LT16 1101 LT16 1102 LT16 1103 LT16 1104 LT16 1105 LT16 1106 LT16 1107 LT16 1108
LT161310 LT161311LT161312 LT161313
LT161471LT161472 LT161473LT161474 LT161475LT161476
LT161649 LT161650LT161651 LT161652LT161653 LT161654
LT161315 LT161316LT161317 LT161318LT161319 LT161320LT161321 LT161322LT161323
LT161477LT161478 LT161479LT161480 LT161481LT161482 LT161483LT161484 LT161485LT161486 LT161487LT161488
LT161655LT161656 LT161657LT161658 LT161659LT161660 LT161661LT161662 LT161663LT161664 LT161665LT161666
LT16 1205
LT161324LT161325
LT161489LT161490
LT161667
LT16 1206 LT16 1207 LT16 1208 LT16 1209 LT16 1210 LT16 1211 LT16 1212 LT16 1213 LT16 1214 LT16 1215 LT16 1216 LT16 1217
LT161326LT161327 LT161328LT161329
LT161314
LT161330 LT161331LT161332 LT161333LT161334 LT161335LT161336 LT161337LT161338 LT161339LT161340 LT161341LT161342 LT161343LT161344 LT161345LT161346 LT161347
LT161491 LT161492LT161493 LT161494LT161495 LT161496LT161497 LT161498 LT161499LT161500 LT161501LT161502 LT161503 LT161504LT161505 LT161506LT161507 LT161508LT161509 LT161510LT161511
LT161668 LT161669 LT161670 LT161671 LT161672LT161673 LT161674 LT161675LT161676 LT161677LT161678 LT161679 LT161680LT161681 LT161682LT161683 LT161684
LT16 1817 LT16 1818 LT16 1819 LT16 1820 LT16 1821 LT16 1822
LT16 1823 LT16 1824 LT16 1825
LT16 1826 LT16 1827 LT16 1828 LT16 1829
LT16 1830 LT16 1831
LT16 1832 LT16 1833 LT16 1834 LT16 1835
SA2058 SA2065 SA2070 SA2071 SA2072 SA2073 SA432 SA433 SA447 SA680 MY033 MY165 PFB077 PFB112 PFB113 PFB251 SA1012 SA1022 SA1081 SA1118 SA1119 SA1133 SA1164 SA1173
Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora
mamillata
4
mamillata
4
mamillata
4
mamillata
4
mamillata
4
mamillata
4
mamillata
4
mamillata
4
mamillata
4
mamillata "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex
4
Thuwal, Red Sea Thuwal, Red Sea Thuwal, Red Sea Thuwal, Red Sea Thuwal, Red Sea Thuwal, Red Sea Thuwal, Red Sea Thuwal, Red Sea Thuwal, Red Sea Al Wajh, Red Sea
2
Mayotte
3
Mayotte Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea Shaybarah, Red Sea Shaybarah, Red Sea Shaybarah, Red Sea Shaybarah, Red Sea Shaybarah, Red Sea
1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173' N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173' N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173' N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173' N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173' N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173' N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173' N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173' N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173' N 25°23.515', E 36°41.035'
N 28°11.077', E 34°38.287' N 28°11.077', E 34°38.287' N 28°11.077', E 34°38.287' N 25°21.694', E 36°54.754' N 25°21.694', E 36°54.754' N 25°21.694', E 36°54.754' N 25°21.694', E 36°54.754' N 25°21.694', E 36°54.754'
Terrane o TI Terrane o TI Terrane o TI Terrane o TI Terrane o TI Terrane o TI Benzoni F Benzoni F Benzoni F Benzoni F Benzoni F Benzoni F Benzoni F Benzoni F Benzoni F Benzoni F Caragna no A Caragna no A Caragna no A Caragna no A Caragna no A Caragna no A Caragna no A Benzoni F
LT16 1000 LT16 1001 LT16 1002 LT16 1003 LT16 1004 LT16 1005 LT16 1006 LT16 1007 LT16 1008 LT16 1009 LT16 1010 LT16 1011 LT16 1012 LT16 1013 LT16 1014 LT16 1015 LT16 1016 LT16 1017 LT16 1018 LT16 1019 LT16 1020 LT16 1021 LT16 1022 LT16 1023
LT16 1109 LT16 1110 LT16 1111 LT16 1112 LT16 1113 LT16 1114 LT16 1115 LT16 1116 LT16 1117 LT16 1118 LT16 1119 LT16 1120 LT16 1121 LT16 1122 LT16 1123 LT16 1124 LT16 1125 LT16 1126 LT16 1127 LT16 1128 LT16 1129 LT16 1130 LT16 1131 LT16 1132
LT16 1218 LT16 1219 LT16 1220 LT16 1221 LT16 1222 LT16 1223 LT16 1224 LT16 1225 LT16 1226 LT16 1227 LT16 1228 LT16 1229 LT16 1230 LT16 1231 LT16 1232 LT16 1233 LT16 1234 LT16 1235 LT16 1236 LT16 1237 LT16 1238 LT16 1239 LT16 1240 LT16 1241
LT161348LT161349
LT161512LT161513
LT161685LT161686
LT161350 LT161351LT161352 LT161353LT161354 LT161355LT161356 LT161357LT161358 LT161359LT161360 LT161361LT161362
LT161514 LT161515LT161516 LT161517LT161518 LT161519LT161520
LT161687 LT161688LT161689
LT161521 LT161522LT161523 LT161524LT161525 LT161526LT161527 LT161528LT161529
LT161692 LT161693LT161694 LT161695LT161696 LT161697LT161698
LT161363 LT161364LT161365
LT161690 LT161691
LT161699 LT161700 LT161701LT161702 LT161703 LT161704 LT161705LT161706 LT161707LT161708
LT161366LT161367
LT161368LT161369 LT161370LT161371 LT161372LT161373 LT161374 LT161375LT161376 LT161377LT161378
LT161530LT161531 LT161532LT161533 LT161534 LT161535LT161536 LT161537LT161538 LT161539LT161540 LT161541 LT161542
LT16 1836 LT16 1837 LT16 1838
LT16 1839 LT16 1840 LT16 1841 LT16 1842 LT16 1843 LT16 1844 LT16 1845 LT16 1846 LT16 1847 LT16 1848 LT16 1849
LT161709 LT161710 LT161711LT161712 LT161713 LT161714LT161715 LT161716LT161717 LT161718 LT161719LT161720
LT16 1850
LT16 1851
SA1248
Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora
"pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex
SA130
Stylop hora
"pistillata" complex
4
SA131
Stylop hora
"pistillata" complex
4
SA132
Stylop hora
"pistillata" complex
4
SA1450
Stylop hora
"pistillata" complex
4
SA1457
Stylop hora
"pistillata" complex
4
SA1500
Stylop hora
"pistillata" complex
4
Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora
"pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex
SA1220 SA1229 SA1234 SA1241 SA1244 SA1245 SA1247
SA1501 SA1527 SA1546 SA1580 SA1743 SA1746 SA1749
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Thuwal, Red Sea Thuwal, Red Sea Thuwal, Red Sea Thuwal, Red Sea Thuwal, Red Sea Thuwal, Red Sea Thuwal, Red Sea Thuwal, Red Sea Farasan Banks, Red Sea Farasan Banks, Red Sea Farasan Banks, Red Sea Farasan Banks, Red Sea Farasan Banks, Red Sea Farasan Banks, Red Sea Farasan Banks, Red Sea Farasan Island, Red Sea Farasan Island, Red Sea Farasan Island, Red Sea Farasan Island, Red Sea Farasan Island, Red Sea Farasan Island, Red Sea
N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173' N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173' N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173' N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173' N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173' N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173' N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173' N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173'
Benzoni F Caragna no A Caragna no A Caragna no A Caragna no A Caragna no A Caragna no A Caragna no A
LT16 1024 LT16 1025 LT16 1026 LT16 1027 LT16 1028 LT16 1029 LT16 1030 LT16 1031
LT16 1133 LT16 1134 LT16 1135 LT16 1136 LT16 1137 LT16 1138 LT16 1139 LT16 1140
LT16 1242 LT16 1243 LT16 1244 LT16 1245 LT16 1246 LT16 1247 LT16 1248 LT16 1249
N 20°07.690', E 40°12.513'
Benzoni F
LT16 1032
LT16 1141
N 20°07.690', E 40°12.513'
Benzoni F
LT16 1033
N 20°07.690', E 40°12.513'
Benzoni F
N 20°07.690', E 40°12.513'
LT161379LT161380 LT161381 LT161382LT161383 LT161384LT161385 LT161386LT161387
LT161543LT161544 LT161545LT161546 LT161547LT161548 LT161549LT161550 LT161551LT161552
LT161721LT161722 LT161723LT161724 LT161725LT161726 LT161727
LT16 1852
LT161389 LT161390LT161391
LT161553 LT161554LT161555 LT161556LT161557
LT161728 LT161729LT161730 LT161731LT161732 LT161733LT161734
LT16 1853
LT16 1250
LT161392
LT161558LT161559
LT161735LT161736
LT16 1142
LT16 1251
LT161393LT161394
LT161560LT161561
LT161737
LT16 1034
LT16 1143
LT16 1252
LT161395
LT161562LT161563
LT161738LT161739
Benzoni F
LT16 1035
LT16 1144
LT16 1253
LT161396LT161397
LT161564LT161565
LT161740LT161741
N 20°07.690', E 40°12.513'
Benzoni F
LT16 1036
LT16 1145
LT16 1254
LT161398
LT161566LT161567
LT161742LT161743
N 20°07.690', E 40°12.513'
Benzoni F
LT16 1037
LT16 1146
LT16 1255
LT161399
LT161568
LT161744
N 20°07.690', E 40°12.513' N 16°45.286' E 41°29.552' N 16°45.286' E 41°29.552' N 16°45.286' E 41°29.552' N 16°45.286' E 41°29.552' N 16°45.286' E 41°29.552' N 16°45.286' E 41°29.552'
Benzoni F Benzoni F Benzoni F Benzoni F Benzoni F Benzoni F Benzoni F
LT16 1038 LT16 1039 LT16 1040 LT16 1041 LT16 1042 LT16 1043 LT16 1044
LT16 1147 LT16 1148 LT16 1149 LT16 1150 LT16 1151 LT16 1152 LT16 1153
LT16 1256 LT16 1257 LT16 1258 LT16 1259 LT16 1260 LT16 1261 LT16 1262
LT161388
LT161400 LT161401 LT161402LT161403 LT161404 LT161405 LT161406 LT161407
LT161569LT161570 LT161571LT161572 LT161573LT161574 LT161575LT161576 LT161577LT161578 LT161579LT161580 LT161581LT161582
LT161745 LT161746LT161747 LT161748LT161749 LT161750 LT161751LT161752 LT161753LT161754 LT161755LT161756
LT16 1854 LT16 1855 LT16 1856 LT16 1857
LT16 1858
SA1751 SA1752 SA1755 SA1757 SA1758 SA2033 SA2034 SA2035 SA2037 SA2043 SA2044 SA2046 SA2048 SA2074 SA2076 SA271 SA272 SA273 SA318 SA319 SA729 SA730 SA791 SA792
Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora
"pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Farasan Island, Red Sea Farasan Island, Red Sea Farasan Island, Red Sea Farasan Island, Red Sea Farasan Island, Red Sea Thuwal, Red Sea Thuwal, Red Sea Thuwal, Red Sea Thuwal, Red Sea Thuwal, Red Sea Thuwal, Red Sea Thuwal, Red Sea Thuwal, Red Sea Thuwal, Red Sea Thuwal, Red Sea Farasan Island, Red Sea Farasan Island, Red Sea Farasan Island, Red Sea Farasan Island, Red Sea Farasan Island, Red Sea Ras Al-Ubayd, Red Sea Ras Al-Ubayd, Red Sea Jaz'air Silah, Red Sea Jaz'air Silah, Red Sea
N 16°45.286' E 41°29.552' N 16°45.286' E 41°29.552' N 16°45.286' E 41°29.552' N 16°45.286' E 41°29.552' N 16°45.286' E 41°29.552' N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173' N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173' N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173' N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173' N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173' N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173' N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173' N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173' N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173' N 22° 32.2077', E 39° 04.173' N 16°45.286' E 41°29.552' N 16°45.286' E 41°29.552' N 16°45.286' E 41°29.552' N 16°45.286' E 41°29.552' N 16°45.286' E 41°29.552' N 26°44.167', E 36°02.659' N 26°44.167', E 36°02.659' N 27°38.302', E 35°18.369' N 27°38.302', E 35°18.369'
Benzoni F Benzoni F Benzoni F Benzoni F Benzoni F Terrane o TI Terrane o TI Terrane o TI Terrane o TI Terrane o TI Terrane o TI Terrane o TI Terrane o TI Terrane o TI Terrane o TI Benzoni F Benzoni F Benzoni F Benzoni F Benzoni F Benzoni F Benzoni F Benzoni F Benzoni F
LT16 1045 LT16 1046 LT16 1047 LT16 1048 LT16 1049 LT16 1050 LT16 1051 LT16 1052 LT16 1053 LT16 1054 LT16 1055 LT16 1056 LT16 1057 LT16 1058 LT16 1059 LT16 1060 LT16 1061 LT16 1062 LT16 1063 LT16 1064 LT16 1065 LT16 1066 LT16 1067 LT16 1068
LT16 1154 LT16 1155 LT16 1156 LT16 1157 LT16 1158 LT16 1159 LT16 1160 LT16 1161 LT16 1162 LT16 1163 LT16 1164 LT16 1165 LT16 1166 LT16 1167 LT16 1168 LT16 1169 LT16 1170 LT16 1171 LT16 1172 LT16 1173 LT16 1174 LT16 1175 LT16 1176 LT16 1177
LT16 1263 LT16 1264 LT16 1265 LT16 1266 LT16 1267 LT16 1268 LT16 1269 LT16 1270 LT16 1271 LT16 1272 LT16 1273 LT16 1274 LT16 1275 LT16 1276 LT16 1277 LT16 1278 LT16 1279 LT16 1280 LT16 1281 LT16 1282 LT16 1283 LT16 1284 LT16 1285 LT16 1286
LT161408LT161409 LT161410 LT161411LT161412 LT161413 LT161414
LT161583LT161584 LT161585LT161586 LT161587LT161588 LT161589LT161590 LT161591LT161592
LT161415 LT161416LT161417 LT161418LT161419 LT161420LT161421 LT161422LT161423 LT161424LT161425
LT161593 LT161594LT161595 LT161596LT161597 LT161598LT161599 LT161600LT161601
LT161426 LT161427LT161428
LT161603 LT161604LT161605 LT161606LT161607 LT161608LT161609 LT161610LT161611
LT161429 LT161430LT161431 LT161432 LT161433 LT161434 LT161435 LT161436 LT161437 LT161438LT161439 LT161440LT161441 LT161442LT161443
LT161602
LT161757LT161758 LT161759LT161760 LT161761LT161762 LT161763LT161764 LT161765LT161766 LT161767LT161768 LT161769LT161770 LT161771LT161772 LT161773LT161774 LT161775LT161776 LT161777LT161778 LT161779 LT161780 LT161781LT161782 LT161783 LT161784LT161785
LT161612 LT161613LT161614
LT161786 LT161787LT161788
LT161615 LT161616LT161617
LT161789
LT161618 LT161619LT161620 LT161622 LT161623LT161624
LT161790 LT161791LT161792 LT161793LT161794 LT161795LT161796 LT161797LT161798
LT16 1859
LT16 1860 LT16 1861
LT16 1862 LT16 1863
LT16 1864 LT16 1865 LT16 1866 LT16 1867
LT16 1868 LT16 1869 LT16 1870 LT16 1871 LT16 1872
SA796 SA844 SA861 SA896 SA950 SA955 SA978 SA991 SA995 SA998
Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora Stylop hora
"pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex "pistillata" complex
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Jaz'air Silah, Red Sea Jazirat Burcan, Red Sea Jazirat Burcan, Red Sea Jazirat Burcan, Red Sea Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea
N 27°38.302', E 35°18.369' N 27°54'35.6", E 35°03'55.5" N 27°54'35.6", E 35°03'55.5" N 27°54'35.6", E 35°03'55.5" N 28°11.077', E 34°38.287' N 28°11.077', E 34°38.287' N 28°11.077', E 34°38.287' N 28°11.077', E 34°38.287' N 28°11.077', E 34°38.287' N 28°11.077', E 34°38.287'
Caragna no A Benzoni F Caragna no A Caragna no A Caragna no A Caragna no A Caragna no A Caragna no A Caragna no A Caragna no A
LT16 1069 LT16 1070 LT16 1071 LT16 1072 LT16 1073 LT16 1074 LT16 1075 LT16 1076 LT16 1077 LT16 1078
LT16 1178 LT16 1179 LT16 1180 LT16 1181 LT16 1182 LT16 1183 LT16 1184 LT16 1185 LT16 1186 LT16 1187
LT16 1287 LT16 1288 LT16 1289 LT16 1290 LT16 1291 LT16 1292 LT16 1293 LT16 1294 LT16 1295 LT16 1296
LT161444LT161445 LT161446LT161447 LT161448LT161449 LT161450LT161451
LT161625 LT161626LT161627
LT161452
LT161628 LT161629LT161630 LT161631LT161632 LT161633LT161634
LT161453
LT161621
LT161454 LT161455LT161456
LT161635
LT161457
LT161636 LT161637LT161638
LT161799 LT161800LT161801 LT161802LT161803 LT161804
LT16 1873 LT16 1874 LT16 1875
LT161805 LT161806 LT161807LT161808 LT161809LT161810 LT161811 LT161812
LT16 1876
Table S1. List of molecular loci sequenced in this study with their targeted taxon, PCR primer name and sequence, PCR annealing temperature, and the sources used. Refer to Table 1 for more details on individual loci. Locus
Targeted taxon
Primer name
Sequence (5’ – 3’)
COI (mitochondrial)
Stylophora
GTCAACAAATCATAAAGATATTGG
CR (mitochondrial)
Stylophora
ORF (mitochondrial)
Stylophora
ITS1 rDNA (nuclear)
Stylophora
ITS2 rDNA (nuclear)
Stylophora
LCO1490 HCO2198 HCO2198 FNAD5.2deg RCOI3deg FATP6.1 RORF F18S1 ITSc1-3 ITSc2-5
Annealing temperature (°C) 51
TAACTTCAGGGTGACCAAAAAATCA GCCYAGRGGTGTTGTTCAAT CGCAGAAAGCTCBARTCGTA TTTGGGSATTCGTTTAGCAG SCCAATATGTTAAACASCATGTCA CGATYGAAYGGTTTAGTGAGGC CATTTGCGTTCAAAGATTCG AGCCAGCTGCGATAAGTAGTG
51 51.5 51.5 53 53 61 61 55
HSP70 (nuclear)
Stylophora
R28S1 HSP70A-F
GCTGCAATCCCAAACAACCC CCTGGTTCAATCCGACAGA
55 59
HSP70A-R
TGTTCAGCTGTTTTCCTTCG
59
HSP70B-F
CTATCCAGGCAGCGGTCTT
59
HSP70B-R
TGGTGAACACACTTGCTGTAG
59
psbAFor_1
GCAGCTCATGGTTATTTTGGTAGAC
64
psbARev_1
AATTCCCATTCTCTACCCATCC
64
psbA (plastid)
Symbiodinium
Source
Folmer et al. (1994) Folmer et al. (1994) Flot et al. (2008a) Flot et al. (2008b) Flot et al. (2008) Flot et al. (2008) Flot et al. (2011) Flot et al. (2011) Flot and Tillier (2006)Flot and Tillier (2006) Flot and Tillier (2006) Schmidt-Roach et al. (2012) Schmidt-Roach et al. (2012) Schmidt-Roach et al. (2012) Schmidt-Roach et al. (2012) LaJeunesse and Thornhill (2011) LaJeunesse and Thornhill (2011)
Figure S1. Mitochondrial haplonets of Stylophora morphospecies belonging to clade 4. (A) Control RegionR, (B) Open Reading FrameRF. Each circle represents a haplotype and its size is proportional to its total frequency. Small grey circles represent missing haplotypes, small orange circles represent a single nucleotide change, and black cross-bars represent greater than one change (as indicated below them). Colours denote Stylophora species as indicated by the embedded key.
Figure S2. Bayesian phyogenetic reconstruction of the genus Stylophora based on the nuclear HSP70 gene. Values at branches represent posterior Bayesian probabilities (> 0.7), ML SH-like support (> 70%), and MP bootstrap values (> 70%), respectively. Dashes (-) indicate nodes that are statistically unsupported. Sequences obtained in this study are indicated in bold. Colours denote Stylophora species as indicated by the embedded key. Clade numbers refer to20.
