Harmonizing Biodiversity Conservation and Agricultural Intensification through Integration of Plant, Animal and Fish Genetic Resources for Livelihood Security in Fragile Ecosystems (NAIP Component 3: SRLS) CONSORTIUM PARTNERS (NBAGR Karnal, NBFGR Lucknow, CSKHPKV Palampur, MPUAT Udaipur, Seva Mandir, Udaipur, ANGRAU, Hyderabad and APSBDB, Hyderabad)
DISTRICTS (Chamba, HP; Udaipur, Rajasthan, and Adilabad, Andhra Pradesh)
Adilabad Andhra Pradesh LEAD INSTITUTE
National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (Indian Council of Agricultural Research) New Delhi-110 012 2012
Adilabad district is situated between 770.47’ and 800.00’ of the eastern longitudes and 180.40’ and 190.56’ of northern latitudes. It
is surrounded by Yeotmal and Chandrapur districts of Maharashtra in the North, Chandrapur in the East, by Karimnagar and Nizamabad in the South and by Nanded district in the West. The district stands fifth with a total geographical area of 16,128 sq.km. in Andhra Pradesh. The Satpura (Satnala) range traverses the district from north-west to south-east for about 280 Km. The most important river that traverses district is the Godavari with Penganga,Wardha, Pranahita Kadem and Peddavaagu as the tributaries and the rivulets flowing through are Satnala, Swarna and Suddavaagu. The average annual rainfall ranges between 700 to 1,200 mm. and the temperature between 5 to 480C. The district is inhabited by varied ethnic groups to an extent up to 17.8 % of the total population with Gond, Naikpod, Kolam (PTG), Pardhan, Koya, Manne, Andh, Thoti (PTG), Lambada and Yerukala as the major groups.
Adilabad is unique and a rich abode with respect to tribal groups, climate, natural resources and in having a great spectrum of inter
and intra specific diversity in the components of agriculture viz. crops, animals and fishes. However, due to lopsided developmental efforts, there is erosion of Agri-biodiversity with the landraces/ traditional cultivars of crops being replaced by HYVs/ hybrids and the traditional knowledge and indigenous practices and culture perfected and practiced for centuries are no longer in vogue leading to overall imbalance and insecurity in the agriculture that is being practiced.
Keeping in view the above scenario, with the operation of an NAIP Research Project, special efforts are being contemplated to
ameliorate the situation in the district to bring in more vibrancy, harmony and livelihood security by integrating crop, animal and fish components in the farming practices which are eco-friendly, sustainable and also facilitate significant increase in the net income generation from land holdings especially for the small and marginal tribal farmers. In this regard, under the auspices of this Project, special efforts are being made to collect and salvage the existing genetic diversity in local landraces and traditional cultivars in different Agri-horticultural crops, their wild relatives and also medicinal plants from the district for conservation and sustainability before they are wiped out from nature. Utilization and integrating the existing native diversity that is currently present in the agricultural system under practice is the crux of the Project.
OBJECTIVES Assessment, documentation and valuation of On-farm Agro-biodiversity for livelihood and food security.
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Assessment of economic potential of target species vis-à-vis cost and effect of conservation.
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Development of an information management system to facilitate planned interventions for conservation, sustainable utilization of targeted species/ population and enhanced market access.
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Adding value to targeted species/ population through technological interventions for enhancing rural livelihood security.
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Capacity building in Agro-biodiversity management of livelihood security.
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Identification of targeted Mandals for technological interventions Out of 52 Mandals in the district, four Mandals/ clusters viz. Bheemini, Indravelly, Kerameri and Khanapur, which represent the overall climate and agro-ecological situation of the district, were identified for the technological interventions.
Technological Interventions Planned in the District Plant genetic resources Reintroduction and improvement of sorghum (Maldandi- used as a parent in most of the improved varieties of rabi sorghum crop), cotton (Gossypium arboreum- Mudhole/ Gaorani/ Erra paththi having less risk of pest incidence compared to G. hirsutum varieties including the Bt cotton), black gram (Barre minumulu, Konda minumulu, Lal urad, Nalla minumulu, Saadaa minumulu, Teega minumulu, Toppa minumulucharacterized by unconventional green/ red coloured seed, twining habit and bold seed etc. with local preference), green gram (Balinta pesalu, Dodda pesalu, Kitki pesalu, Konda pesalu, Mentem pesalu, Nalla pesalu, Sanna pesalu- variability includes cultivars which are given to lactating mothers (Balinta pesalu), genotypes having yellow and black coloured seed, big bold and small seeded) and rice landraces (Chitti mutyalu, Kaki rekkalu (scented)- seed which is short bold, kernels having red colour and scented genotypes) through participatory breeding.
Making available good quality seed of indigenous (well adapted to high altitude areas capable of withstanding moisture stress under rain fed situations)/ improved varieties of sorghum, black gram, green gram and rice through participatory breeding.
Establishment of ex-situ and in-situ diversity conservation parks (with BMC & Panchayat Raj Institutions).
Crop diversification through introduction of silkworm hosts, lac insect hosts, vegetables (brinjal, cucurbits)/ local wild edibles (Canavalia ensiformis) & high value medicinal/ aromatic plants (Withania somnifera, Curculigo orchioides, Boswellia serrata etc) as incentives for market support.
Vermi-composting by utilizing local plant refuge and animal waste.
Strengthening and modernization of traditional water harvest systems.
Empowering farmers to establish cooperatives/ self help groups for marketing of farm and non-timber forest produce.
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Animal genetic resources
The diversity of domesticated animals include cows, ox (Mudhole/ Red Kandhari/ Ongole mix) buffaloes, sheep (Deccani/ Nondiscript), goats (Non-discript/ Osmanbadi) and poultry (Naatukodi/ Non-discript). The technological interventions are envisaged to ameliorate and integrate the animal component with agriculture and fisheries for overall development and net increase in the farm income to the farming community as follows. Genetic up-gradation of local livestock through use of superior germplasm (bulls/ rams) of indigenous livestock (Non-descript sheep, local cattle (Mudhole) & buffalo) breeds.
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Health coverage through prophylactic vaccination (Foot and Mouth, Haemorrhagic septicaemia, Pestis de petits ruminants) and deworming.
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Improved breeding and housing management practices for livestock and poultry for enhancing productivity and quality of milk and other animal products.
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Nutrient enrichment of locally available crop residues (paddy, sorghum, maize, black gram and green gram) for balanced feeding of livestock.
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Post harvest processing for value addition and marketing of milk and other animal products.
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Fish genetic resources The fish genetic resources include Baol, Bar-eyed goby, Butter fish, Calabans, Catla, Chela, Dwarf Catfish, Fresh water Pawns, Gar fish, Giant Cat fish, Glass fish, Knife fish, Mirgal, Rohu, Sand eel, Silver nugget, Tyre track eel and Vaccha. The technological interventions envisaged to ameliorate and integrate the fish component with agriculture and animal husbandry especially in the back yard rearing of suitable species including ornamental ones for overall development and net increase in the farm income to the farming community as follows. Propagation of indigenous species (Carps/ Cat fish/ Murrel/ Feather back) for aquaculture, ornamental trade and conservation.
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Use of derelict water bodies for aquaculture enhancement.
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Intensive fish culture practices in micro watersheds.
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Integrated aquaculture (fish and prawn) with agriculture, livestock and poultry.
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Rearing of ornamental fish in the backyards of resources poor farmers for generating additions support income.
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Capacity building Grass root level training for awareness and technology backup
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Providing post harvest and marketing support for agriculture, livestock and fisheries through creation of self-help and cooperative groups.
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Institutes associated with the Adilabad Centre l l
National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa Campus, New Delhi-110 012. National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Regional Station, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030, Andhra Pradesh.
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National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal-132 001, Haryana.
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National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow-226 002, Uttar Pradesh.
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Acharya N.G.Ranga Agricultural University, Krishi Vigyana Kendra, Adilabad-504 001, Andhra Pradesh. Andhra Pradesh State Biodiversity Board, 626, Aranya Bhavan, Saidabad, Hyderabad-500 004, Andhra Pradesh.
Composed and Edited by S.R. Pandravada, N. Sivaraj, N. Sunil, R. Jairam, S.K. Chakrabarty, P. Ramesh, S.N. Jadhav, I.S. Bisht and K.C. Bansal
National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources Regional Station Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030, Andhra Pradesh Tel: 040-24015478, Fax: 040-24014072, E-mail:
[email protected]
