Effects of Pressure Gradients and Resistance on Blood Flow to Organs
Flow varies due to differences in resistance
Blood flow changes when resistance changes
Figure 14.11b&c AHS Physiology - Cardiovascular System 11-12
Extrinsic Factors Influencing Vascular Tone 17
Extrinsic factors Autonomic
nerves (Sympathetic NS)
Constriction
Hormones
(e.g. epinephrine induces vasoconstriction
AHS Physiology - Cardiovascular System 11-12
9
Intrinsic Factors Affecting Vascular Tone 18
Intrinsic Factors Metabolism Increased
Changes
in blood flow
Reduced
blood flow causes dilation
“Reactive Hyperaemia”
Stretch High
metabolism decreases O2, causing dilation
“active hyperaemia”
of arteriolar smooth muscle
perfusion pressure leads to contraction
“Myogenic response”
Locally
secreted chemical messengers
Vasodilators:
NO, prostacyclin, adenosine Endothelin-1
Vasoconstrictors:
AHS Physiology - Cardiovascular System 11-12
Central Venous Pressure (CVP) 19
CVP: pressure in the large veins of the thoracic cavity that lead into the heart Pressure gradient between central veins and atria drives blood back to heart Venous
pressure – atrial pressure = 5 - 10 mm Hg
A decrease in venous pressure decreases driving force for venous return Decrease in venous return decreases end- diastolic volume decreases stroke volume decreases cardiac output decreases blood flow to organs