2 Effect of carbocisteine on acute exacerbation of COPD: a RCT study. Jin-Ping Zheng, Jian Kang, Shao-Guang Huang,. Ping Chen, Wan-Zen Yao, Lan Yang et ...
Difficulty with expectoration
-
-
NS at least increase in two symptoms including one major
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported Yes
-
-
-
NS at least increase in 2 symptoms
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported Not reported Not reported
1 9 1 10
Determinants and impact of fatigue in patients with chroninc Baghai-Ravary, Quint, Goldring, Hurst, obstrucive pulmonay disease Donaldson, Wedzicha
Repiratory medicine
2008 Cohort
no
107
12
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
-
-
-
-
-
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Symptom count
The effect of oral clarithromycin on health status and sputum bacteriology in stable COPD Effects of exacerbations and seasonality on exhaled nitric oxide in COPD Relationship between respiratory symptoms and medical treatment in exacerbations of COPD
Banerjee, Khair, Honeybourne
Repiratory medicine
1 1 11
Exacerbations in subjects with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency receiving augmentation therapy Influenza vaccination in subject with alpha1-anti-trypsin deficiency A Long-term evaluation of once-daily inhaled tiotropium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Campos, Alazemi, Zhang, Wanner, Salathe, Respiratory medicine Baier, Sandhaus Campos, Alazemi, Zhang, Wanner, Sandhaus Chest
9
Not reported Not reported Not reported Not reported Not reported Not reported Not reported Not reported Not reported Not reported Not reported Not reported NS NS
67
3 12
Yes, major
Yes, major
Yes, major
Yes, minor
Yes, minor
Yes, minor
Yes, minor
-
-
-
-
-
Calverley, Pauwels, Lofdahl, Svensson, Higenbottam, Carlsson , Stahl
2005 RCT
yes
796
12
Yes
-
-
-
Yes
-
-
-
Yes
-
Yes
-
Casaburi, Mahler, Jones, Wanner, San Pedro, European Resp J ZuWallack, Menjoge, Serby, Witlek
Not reported
2009 Cohort
no
922
12
Yes, major
Yes, major
Yes, major
Yes, minor
Yes,minor
Yes, minor
Yes,minor
No
No
No
No
No
yes
939
12
Yes, major
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes, minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
No
No
No
No
No
NS increase in two symptoms including one major
2002 RCT
yes
921
12
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
2
Withdrawel of inhaled corticosteroids in people with COPD in Choudhury, Dawson, Kilvington, Eldridge, primary care: a randomized controlled trial James, Wedzicha, Feder, Griffiths
Respiratory research
2007 RCT
yes
260
12
Yes, major
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes, minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
No
No
No
No
3
Dhein, Munks-Lederer, Worth
Pneumonologie
2003 RCT
no
21
24
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
12
1 1 1
Evaluation eines ambulanten struktureirten Schulungsprogramms fur patienten mit COPD- eine pilot studie Exacerbations and time spent outdoors in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Nog verder invullen Longitudinal changes in the nature, severity and frequency of COPD exacerbations Relationship between exacerbation frequency and lung function decline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Donaldson, Wilkinson, Hurst, Perera Wedzicha Donaldson, Seemungal, Patel, Lloyd-Owen, Wilkinson, Wedzicha Donaldson, Seemungal, Bhowmik, Wedzicha
American J Respir Crit Care med Eur Respir J
no
147
34
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
no
no
no
no
No
2003 Cohort
no
132
30
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,minor
Yes, minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
no
no
no
no
Thorax
2002 Cohort
no
109
48
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
no
no
no
no
Cohort
3
Not reported
3 day moving average below or equal to day Symtom score back to an individual -14 to -8 predefined baseline Not reported Not reported
2008 Cohort
11
14
increase in two symptoms including one major
Grade symptom score: 1) increase in symptom score >= 1 point 2) increase in mean symptom score of at least 0.5, 0.75 or 1.0 3) Increase in 3-day mean score of at least 0.5, 0.75 or 1.0 4) Mean symptom value exceeds Set level: 1.5, 2.0 or 2.5 5) Exceding mean symptom run-in scores by 0.25, 0.5 or 0.75 NS increase in two symptoms including one major Not reported
10
13
2
Not reported
Not reported Diary cards
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported Not reported 3 monthly review in the clinic Not reported Yes, Diary cards
3 monthly review in the clinic Not reported
Not reported Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported Yes
Not reported
Not reported Not reported
Number of Yes monthly phone majors calls Number of Not reported monthly phone majors calls Not reported Not reported Clinic visits
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Diary cards
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
2
increase in two symptoms including one major
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Yes, clustering exacerbations if onset within 4 weeks healthcare Yes Diary cards before or two weeks after an event-based utilization. exacerbation as one episode. Not reported Not reported Not reported Diary cards
3 day moving average below or equal to day -14 to -8 3 day moving average below or equal to day -14 to -8 3 day moving average below or equal to day -14 to -8
Symtom score back to an individual predefined baseline Symtom score back to an individual predefined baseline Symtom score back to an individual predefined baseline
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
No
2
increase in two symptoms including one major
No
2
increase in two symptoms including one major
Not reported Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
increase in two symptoms including one major
Not reported Not reported
3 monthly review in the clinic
Not reported
increase in 1 symptom
2
Not reported Not reported
Not reported
3
NS increase in 1 symptom
Handeling of missing data
Night-time awakenings
-
-
Use of blinded adjucated counting
Fatigue
-
-
Actions to enhance Diarycard reliability and compliance
Chest Tightness
-
-
98
Data registration
Fever
Yes, minor
-
no
Event based exacerbations checked
Coryzal symptoms
Yes, minor
Yes, productive
yes
Severity based on:
Sore throat
Yes, minor
Yes
2004 RCT
Clustering of excerbations
Cough
Yes, minor
Yes
2005 Cohort
Rules to distinguish isolated from recurrent exacerbations
Wheezing
MAJ
Yes
3 day moving average below or equal to day Symtom score back to an individual -14 to -8 predefined baseline
Recurrence after fixed time period of stability
Sputum purulence
MAJ
Yes
Bhowmik, Seemungal, Donaldson, Wedzicha Eur Respir J
Recovery rules based on
Sputum volume
MAJ
6
increase in two symptoms including one major
Detailed rules for recovery
Dyspnea
24
253
2
Criteri, at least...
Follow-up in months
45
yes
Eur Respir J
consecutive days
N
7 8
Farmacological involvement
6
Design
4 5
Year
no
2005 RCT
3
Journal
2007 Cohort
Chest
5
Authors
Respirology
1
2
Title article
Algorithm group label
Bacterial infections and risk factors in outpatients with acute Almoudi exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" A 2year prospective study; Treatment with the immunomodulator AM3 improves the Alvarez-Mon, Miravitlles, Morera, Callol, health-related quality of life in patients with COPD Alvarez-Sala
1
Symptom count Symptom count Symptom count
Yes,
Diary cards
Yes
Diary cards
Yes
Diary cards
Not reported Not reported
Not reported Not reported Not reported Not reported Not reported Not reported
Not reported Not reported
Not reported
Not reported Not reported
3 monthly review in the clinic 3 monthly review in the clinic 3 monthly review in the clinic
Not reported Not reported Not reported Not reported Not reported Not reported
The relationship of chronic sputum expectoration to physiologic radiologic and health status characteristics in alpha1 anti-trypsin deficiency N-isobutyrylcysteine, a donor of systemic thiols, doen not reduce the exacerbation rate in chronic bronchitis
Dowson, Guest, Stockley
Chest
2002 Cohort
no
127
60
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
no
no
no
No
1
increase in 2 symptoms
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported Not reported not reported
Ekberg-Jansson, Larsson, MacNee, Tunek, Wahlgrem, Wouters, Larsson
Eur Respir J
1999 RCT
yes
637
6
Yes, minor
Yes, minor
Yes, major
No
Yes, minor
No
No
No
no
no
no
Yes, minor
2
3 points; major symptom=2 points, minor=1 point
A score lower than 3 points for two consequitive days
Symtom count back to a fixed score
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported Not reported diary cards and 1 and 6 monthly review in 2 interviews the clinic
Not reported Not reported
1 1 1 3 1
Temporal clustering of exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Hurst, Donaldson, Quint, Goldring, RBaghaiRavary, Wedzicha
26
Yes, major
Yes, major
Yes, major
Yes, minor
Yes, minor
Yes, minor
increase in two symptoms including one major
3 day moving average below or equal to day Symtom score back to an individual -14 to -8 predefined baseline
5 days
Yes
Not reported Not reported
Hurst, Donaldson, Perera, Wilkinson, Bilello, Hagan, Vessey,. Wedzicha
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006 Cohort
no
90
3
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes, minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
No
no
no
no
No
2
increase in two symptoms including one major
3 day moving average below or equal to day Symtom score back to an individual -14 to -8 predefined baseline
Not reported
Not reported
Yes, clustering exacerbations if onset within 5 days labelled as 'relapsed' and 8 weeks after recovery labelled as 'recurrent' Not reported
by duration Yes
Use of Plasma Biomarkers at exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease Epidemiological relationship between the common cold and exacerbation frequency in COPD Underreporting Exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a longitudinal cohort Microsatellite DNA instability and COPD exacerbations
Hurst, Donaldson, Wilkinson, Perera, Wedzicha Langsetmo, Platt, Ernst, Bourbeau
Eur Respir J
2005 Cohort
no
150
34
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
No
no
no
no
No
2
increase in two symptoms including one major
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Am J respir crit care med 2008 Cohort
no
421
6
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
no
no
no
No
2
increase in 1 symptom
3 days
Not reported
22
2
Exacerbations and lung function decline in COPD: new insights in current and ex-smokers
23
1 1
Use of accelerometers to characterize physical activity
Nguyen, Steels, Benditt
Int J of COPD
2006 Cohort
no
8
4
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
No
no
no
no
No
2
increase in two symptoms including one major
Defining COPD exacerbations: impact on estimation of incedence and burden in primary care
O'reily, Williams, Holt, Rice
Respiratory journal
2006 Cohort
no
309
12
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
No
no
no
no
No
2
increase in two symptoms including one major
3 day moving average below or equal to day -14 to -8 All symptoms returned to baseline for 3 consequtive days 2 week period with the same or reduction of those present before the start of an exacerbation 2 week period with the same or reduction of those present before the start of an exacerbation No longer meeting the criteria for exacerbation onset 3 day moving average below or equal to day -14 to -8
25
1
Bronchiestasis, exacerbation indices, and inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Patel, Vlahos, Wilkinson, Lloyd-Owen, Donaldson, Wilks, Reznek, Wedzicha
Am J Crit Care Med
2004 Cohort
no
54
22
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
no
no
no
no
No
2
26
1
Relationship between bacterial colonisation and the frequency, character, and severity of COPD exacerbations
Patel, Seemungal, Wilks, Lloyd-Owen, Donaldson, Wedzicha
Thorax
2002 Cohort
no
29
18
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
no
no
no
no
No
2
27
13 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8
N-Acetylcysteine reduses the exacerbation rate in patients with modarate to severe COPD effect of tiotropium on sputum and inflammatory markers and exacerbations in COPD Relationship between depression and exacerbations in COPD
Pela, Calcagni, Subiaco, Isidori, Tubaldi, Respiration Sanguinetti Powrie, Wilkinson, Donaldson, Jones, Scrine, Eur Respir J Viel, Kesten, Wedzicha Quint, Baghai-Ravary, Donaldson, Wedzicha Eur Respir J
1999 RCT
yes
169
6
yes
yes
yes
no
yes
no
no
yes
no
no
no
No
2007 RCT
yes
142
12
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes, major
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes, minor
Yes,minor
no
no
no
no
No
2008 Cohort
no
169
12
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes, major
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes, minor
Yes,minor
no
no
no
no
No
2
increase in two symptoms including one major
Relationship between chronic nasal and respiratory symptoms in patients with COPD Long term erythromycine therapy is associated with decreased chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations Detection of rhinovirus in induced sputum at exacerbation of
Roberts, Lloyd-Owen, Rapado, Patel, Wilkinson, Donaldson, Wedzicha Seemungal, Wilkinson, Hurst, Perera, Sapsford, Wedzicha
Yes,major
Yes, major
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
no
no
no
no
No
2
increase in two symptoms including one major
15
12
16
6
17 18 19 20 21
24
28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008 Cohort
no
297
Yes,minor
No
no
no
no
No
2
3 monthly review in the clinic diary cards and Run in period + telephone phone calls check diary cards 3 monthly review in the clinic
Not reported Not reported Not reported Not reported
Yes
Not reported Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported Yes
First day not meeting the criteria
3 days
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported Not reported diary cards
Telephone review
Not reported Not reported
Symtom score back to an individual predefined baseline
Not reported
Not reported
Symptom count
Not reported
not reported Not reported
increase in two symptoms including one major
3 day moving average below or equal to day Symtom score back to an individual -14 to -8 predefined baseline
Not reported
Not reported
Yes, clustering if less than seven days elapsed between recovery and initiation of a new course of medication Not reported
by duration Not reported diary cards
3 monthly review in the clinic
not reported Not reported
increase in two symptoms including one major
3 day moving average below or equal to day Symtom score back to an individual -14 to -8 predefined baseline
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Symptom count
Not reported diary cards
3 monthly review in the clinic
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported 3 mothly visit
3 day moving average below or equal to day -14 to -8 3 day moving average below or equal to day -14 to -8 3 day moving average below or equal to day -14 to -8 Disapearence of all symptoms for at least 2 consequative days
Symtom score back to an individual predefined baseline Symtom score back to an individual predefined baseline Symtom score back to an individual predefined baseline Disappearance of all symptoms
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Symptom count Symptom count Symptom count Symptom count healthcare utilization.
66
36
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
No
no
no
no
No
2
increase in two symptoms including one major
no
102
36
Yes,Major
Yes,Major
Yes,major
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
no
no
no
No
2
increase in two symptoms including one major
Yes,major
3 monthly review in the clinic
14 days
no
2007 Cohort
18
3 monthly review in the clinic
Not reported diary cards
First day not meeting the criteria
2008 Casecontrol
Respiratory Medicine
2003 Cohort
diary cards
Not reported diary cards
Symtom score back to an individual predefined baseline
Eur Respir J
Markis, Moschandreas, Damianaki, Ntauokakis, Siafakas, Milic Emili, Tzanakis
Respiratory medicine
Symptom count and duration Symptom count and Number of majors Number of majors
Not reported Not reported
Yes, clustering if onset within 3 days after recovery; labelled as 'recurrence' Not reported
Markis, Tzanakis, Damianaki, Ntaoukakis, Neofytou, Zervou, Siafakas, Tzortzaki
Seemungal, Harper-Owen, Bhowmik, Jeffries, COPD Wedzicha Time course and recovery of exacerbations in patients with Seemungal, Donaldson, Bhowmik, Jeffries, COPD Wedzicha Effects of exacerbation on quality of life in patients with Seemungal, Donaldson, Paul, Bestall, Jeffries, COPD Wedzicha Remote daily real-time monotoring in patients with COPD- A Sund, Powell, Greenwoud, Jarad feastible study using a novel device
Symtom score back to an individual predefined baseline First day not meeting the criteria
Not reported
NS Graded symptom score; at least increase in 3 points 2 increase in two symptoms including one major
Yes
Yes
diary cards, and random home visits, visits random questionnaires
diary cards
Not reported diary cards Yes
diary cards
Yes
diary cards diary cards
Yes
diary cards
not reported Not reported
not reported Not reported 3 monthly review in the clinic 3 monthly review in the clinic 4 monthly review in the clinic 3 monthly review in the clinic
not reported Not reported not reported Not reported
n
61
Yes,minor
Yes, minor
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Am J Respir Crit care med 2008 RCT
yes
109
12
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes, minor
Yes,minor
no
no
no
no
No
2
increase in two symptoms including one major
2 days
Not reported
Not reported
Eur Respir J
2000 cohort
no
33
12
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
no
no
no
no
No
2
increase in two symptoms including one major
Not reported in this article
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998 Cohort
no
101
30
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
no
no
no
no
No
2
increase in two symptoms including one major
Not reported
73
12
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
no
no
no
no
No
2
increase in two symptoms including one major
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Respiratory Medicine ,
2009 Cohort
no
18
6
Yes, in trapjes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
2
Graded symptom score; at least increase in 1 point for 2 symptoms
Symtom score back to an individual predefined baseline Symtom score back to an individual predefined baseline First day not meeting the criteria
Not reported
no
3 day moving average below or equal to day -14 to -8 3 day moving average below or equal to day -14 to -8 No longer meeting the criteria for exacerbation onset
Not reported
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998 Cohort
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
2008 Casecontrol
no
82
6
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
No
No
No
No
No
2
increase in two symptoms including one major
3 day moving average below or equal to day Symtom score back to an individual -14 to -8 predefined baseline
2 weeks
Not reported
Yes, clustering exacerbations if onset within 2 weeks Not reported Not reported diary cards after recovery.
Not reported
Yes
1995 RCT
yes
83
48
Yes,minor
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,minor
Yes,major
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
No
Yes
No
Yes, minor
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported Not reported diary cards
Not reported
Not reported Not reported
Symptom yes count and duration Symptom Yes count Not reported Yes
diary cards
Run in period + weekly telephone check.
YES
diary cards
3 monthly review in the clinic
Not reported Not reported
Symptom count Symptom count Symptom count Not reported
Yes
Not reported Reported, retrospectively questioning patients Not reported Not reported
Yes Yes Yes
3 monthly review in the clinic diary cards 3 monthly review in the clinic diary cards 3 monthly review in the clinic electronic diary Not reported cards an visits
not reported Not reported YES
Not reported
Not reported Not reported Not reported Not reported Not reported Not reported Not reported Not reported
36
1
Impact of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease symptoms on COPD exacerbation
37
7
Continous and on demand use of broncodilators in patients with non-steroid dependent asthma and chronic bronchitis: four-year follow-up ranzomized controlled study
Terada, Muro, Sato, Ohara, Haruna, Marumo, Thorax Kinose, Ogawa, Hoshino, Nimi, Terada, Mishima van Schayck, Dompeling, van Herwaarden, British J of general Folgering, Akkermans, van den Broek, van practice Weel
38
4
Reported and unreported exacerbations of COPD
Vijayasaratha, Stockley
Chest
2007 Cohort
no
18
24
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,major
No
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
No
Yes,minor
No
No
No
2
Graded symptom scale; at least increase in 1 point in 1 major symptom
Symptom score back to baseline for at least Symtom score back to an individual 2 days predefined baseline
2 days
Not reported
Not reported
39
1 3
Early therapy improves outcomes of excerbations of COPD
Wilkinson, Donaldson, Hurst, Seemungal, Wedzicha Xu, Collet, Shapiro, Lin, Yang, Platt, Wang, Bourbeau
Am J Crit Care Med
2009 Cohort
no
128
72
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
No
No
No
No
No
2
increase in two symptoms including one major
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Am J Crit Care Med
2008 Cohort
no
491
12
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
2
increase in 1 symptom
3 day moving average below or equal to day Symtom score back to an individual -14 to -8 predefined baseline All symptoms returned to baseline for 3 First day not meeting the criteria consequtive days
3 days
Not reported
Yes, clustering if onset within 3 days after recovery; labelled as 'recurrence'
41
2
Effect of carbocisteine on acute exacerbation of COPD: a RCT Jin-Ping Zheng, Jian Kang, Shao-Guang Huang, Lancet Ping Chen, Wan-Zen Yao, Lan Yang et al. study
2008 RCT
yes
709
12
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
No
No
No
No
2
increase in two symptoms including one major
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
42
1
2006 RCT
yes
110
12
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
No
No
No
No
No
2
increase in two symptoms including one major
3 day moving average below or equal to day Symtom score back to an individual -14 to -8 predefined baseline
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
43
1
Positive benefits of theophyline in a randomized, doubleYumin Zhou, Xiaoping Wang, Xiangyi Zeng, Respirology blind, parallel-group, placebo controlled study of low-dose, Rong Qui, Jungfeng Xie, Shengming Liu, slow release theophyline in the threatment of COPD for 1 year Acute Exacerbations of COPD are accompanied by elevations Jadwiga A. Wedzicha, T.A.R. Seemungal, et al. Thromb Heama of plasma fibrinogen and serum IL-6 levels
2000 Cohort
no
93
12
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
No
No
No
No
No
2
increase in two symptoms including one major
3 day moving average below or equal to day Symtom score back to an individual -14 to -8 predefined baseline
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
diary cards
3 monthly review in the clinic
Not reported Not reported
44
1
Inflammatory changes, recovery and recurrence at COPD exacerbation.
W.R. Perera, J.R. Hurst, T.M.A. Wilkinson, R.J. Eur Respir J Sapsford, H. Mullerova, G.C. Donaldson and J.A. Wedzicha
2007 Cohort
no
73
12
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
No
No
No
No
No
2
increase in two symptoms including one major
3 day moving average below or equal to day Symtom score back to an individual -14 to -8 predefined baseline
50 days
Not reported
Yes, clustering if onset within 50 daysafter recovery; Symptom labelled as 'recurrence' count
Not reported diary cards
3 monthly review in the clinic
Not reported Not reported
45
A. Bhowmik, T. Seemungal, R. Sapsford, and J. Thorax Wedzicha
Yes, All diary cards exacerbation s where reported Yes diary cards
3 monthly review in the clinic
Not reported Not reported
3 monthly review in the clinic
Not reported Not reported
Not reported diary cards
Telephone check 4, 13 and 26 weeks
Not reported Not reported
40
Independent Effect of Depression and Anxiety on COPD exacerbations and hospitalizations
NS increase in two symptoms including one major
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported Not reported 3 monthly review in the clinic healthcare Not reported diary cards utilization.
Symptom count
Yes
1
Relation of sputum inflammatory markers to symptoms and lung function changes in COPD exacerbations.
2000 Cohort
no
57
12
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
No
No
No
No
No
2
increase in two symptoms including one major
3 day moving average below or equal to day Symtom score back to an individual -14 to -8 predefined baseline
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Symptom count
46
1
Respiratory viruses, symptoms, and inflammatory markers in Seemungal, Harper Owen, Bhownik, Moric, acute exacerbations and stable chronic obstructive Sanderson, Message, Maccaullum, Meade, pulmonary disease. Jeffries, Johnston, Wedzicha
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001 Cohort
no
83
16
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
No
No
No
No
No
2
increase in two symptoms including one major
3 day moving average below or equal to day Symtom score back to an individual -14 to -8 predefined baseline
Not reported
Not reported
Not reported
Symptom count
47
2
The (cost)-effectiveness of self-treatment of exacerbations on Effing, Kerstjens, van der Valk, Zielhuis, van the severity of exacerbations in COPD patients: the COPE-II der Palen study
Thorax
2009 RCT
yes
142
12
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,major
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
Yes,minor
No
No
No
No
2
increase in two symptoms including one major
1) All symptoms returned to baseline for 3 Symtom score back to an individual consequtive days, 2) seven consecutive days predefined baseline on which patients continuously reported no or only a slight increase in symptoms compared with baseline with no fever or change in sputum colour.
7 days
Not reported
Not reported
Symptom count
48
3
Negative impacts of unreported COPD exacerbations on HRQL Xu, Collet, Shapiro, Lin, Yang, Wangt, at 1 year Bourbeau
Eur Respir J
2009 Cohort
no
491
12
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
no
no
no
No
2
increase in 1 symptom
All symptoms returned to baseline for 3 consequtive days
3 days
Not reported
Yes, clustering if onset within 3 days after recovery; labelled as 'recurrence'
Not reported Yes
First day not meeting the criteria
monthly phone calls
monthly phone calls
Not reported
Not reported
not reported Multiple imputation using baseline characteristics and exacerbation characteristics. Not reported Not reported
Not reported
Not reported Not reported
not reported Multiple imputation using baseline characteristics and exacerbation characteristics.
