Ameroid mites (Acari; Oribatida) from northwest of Iran with ... - BioOne

Systematic & Applied Acarology 22(1): 74–84 (2017) http://doi.org/10.11158/saa.22.1.8 Article

ISSN 1362-1971 (print) ISSN 2056-6069 (online)

http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:526431CA-24BF-4040-9CCD-6172699C89E3

Ameroid mites (Acari; Oribatida) from northwest of Iran with description of a new species of Ctenobelba Balogh, 1943 MANSOUREH AHANIAZAD1,4, MOHAMMAD BAGHERI1, MOHAMMAD ALI AKRAMI2 & ELIZABETH A. HUGO-COETZEE3 1

Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran; [email protected]. 2 Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. [email protected] 3 National Museum, P.O. Box 266; Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa; E-mail: Lhugo@ nasmus.co.za 4 Corresponding author

Abstract This study deals with ameroid mites (Acari: Oribatida: Ameroidea) from East Azerbaijan province, northwest of Iran. Also, a new species Ctenobelba (C.) mikaeeli sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on adult specimens. A table with selected characters of all known species of the subgenus Ctenobelba (Ctenobelba) Balogh, 1943 is provided. Key words: Sarcoptiformes, new species, oribatid mites, Ctenobelba, Iran.

Introduction The oribatid superfamily Ameroidea, comprises several families, but is not very species-rich. Members of this group are mostly found in temperate and tropical regions of the world (Norton & Behan-Pelletier 2009). There are different opinions amongst authors as to the number of families in Ameroidea (see Woas 2002; Norton & Behan-Pelletier 2009; Subías 2004, online version 2016); We follow Norton & Behan-Pelletier (2009) who recognized 14 families: Ctenobelbidae, Amerobelbidae, Eremulidae, Damaeolidae, Eremobelbidae, Ameridae, Heterobelbidae, Basilobelbidae, Hungarobelbidae, Staurobatidae, Spinozetidae, Oxyameridae, Rhynchoribatidae and Caleremaeidae. In this taxonomic study we found six species from five families and six genera [Ctenobelbidae (Ctenobelba), Ameridae (Amerus), Amerobelbidae (Amerobelba), Damaeolidae (Damaeolus, Fosseremus), Eremulidae (Eremulus)], of which Ctenobelba (C.) mikaeeli sp. nov. is a new species. The genus Ctenobelba was erected by Balogh (1943) with Eremobelba pectinigera Berlese, 1908 as the type species. Ctenobelba contains five subgenera: Ctenobelba (Ctenobelba) Balogh 1943, C. (Aokibelba) Subías & Shtanchaeva 2013, C. (Berndamerus) Mahunka 1977, C. (Bifurcobelba) Subías & Shtanchaeva 2010 and C. (Caucasiobelba) Subías & Shtanchaeva 2010. Members of this genus are collectively distributed in the Palaearctic and Oriental regions (Subías 2004, 2016). Prior to this study there was only one record for this genus from Iran (Akrami 2015). The main goal of the present work is to describe and illustrate a new species, Ctenobelba (C.) mikaeeli sp. nov. from northwestern Iran and to present a table of selected differential characters for identifying all known species of this subgenus. Notes on other Ameroidea species found in this study are also provided.

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Materials and methods Mites were collected from soil and litter samples in 2015, extracted by using a Berlese funnel apparatus and collected in AGA solution. Specimens were cleared in lactophenol and mounted in Hoyer's medium on glass microscope slides for identification. The slides were placed in an oven at 45°C for 20–40 days. Specimens were examined by using a phase-contrast microscope (Olympus BX41). Illustrations were done with a drawing tube attached to the phase contrast microscope and Adobe Illustrator CS17. All measurements are given in micrometers (μm). The body length was measured from the tip of the rostrum to the posterior edge of the ventral plate. Notogastral width refers to the maximum width in dorsal aspect. Formulas for leg setation are given in parentheses according to the sequence trochanter–femur–genu–tibia–tarsus (famulus included). Formulas for leg solenidia are given in square brackets according to the sequence genu–tibia–tarsus. Terminology used in this paper mostly follows that summarized by Grandjean (1965) and Norton & BehanPelletier (2009). Results Superfamily Ameroidea Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1957 Diagnosis. Cerotegument well-developed, covering the whole body. Body size varies from 300 to more than 1000. Prodorsum without lamellae. Costulae present or absent. Lamellar setae originating near to rostral setae (except in Staurobatidae where lamellar setae originate nearer to interlamellar setae). Subcapitulum diarthric, eupathidium acm separate from solenidion, chelicerae with 0–2 setae. Sejugal region or region of epimere IV with constriction. Prodorsum and notogaster fused or not. Notogaster with 8–11 pairs of setae. Humeral apophysis present or absent. Pedotectum I present or reduced; pedotectum II present or absent. Epimeral setae formula 3-1-3-3 (rarely 3-1-3-4 or 3-1-44). Six pairs of genital setae and two pairs of anal setae present. Aggenital and adanal neotrichy present or absent. On legs proral (p) setae of tarsus II–IV spiniform (Woas 2002; Norton & BehanPelletier 2009; Ermilov et al. 2014). Family Ctenobelbidae Grandjean, 1965 Ctenobelba Balogh, 1943 Type species: Eremobelba pectinigera Berlese, 1908 Generic diagnosis. Prodorsum with one pair of long, parallel costulae. Rostrum rounded or dentate. Lamellar setae inserted apically on costulae. Sensilli bifurcate or setiform with cilia or long branches unilaterally. One pair of tubercles at anterior margin of notogaster. Ten pairs of notogastral setae present. Pedotecta I and II well developed. Three to seven pairs of aggenital and three pairs of adanal setae present. Lyrifissures iad located posterior to setae ad3. Legs monodactylous (Ermilov et. al. 2014).

Species description Ctenobelba (Ctenobelba) mikaeeli sp. nov. (Figs. 1–19) Diagnosis. Body length 544–577 × 294–324. Rostrum conical, with two tooth-like projections. Prodorsal setae setiform, barbed and similar in length. Sensilli with 12 or 13 short branches. Ten pairs of notogastral setae present, nine pairs leaf-shape, distinctly barbed; seta p1 widened and dilated distally; three pairs of marginal posterior setae (p1–p3) shorter than the other notogastral setae. Dorsal and ventral sides of the body densely punctate and covered with star-like cerotegumental

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granules; the granules on notogaster larger than those on the ventral side and prodorsum; lateral sides of hysterosoma covered with small tubercle-like cerotegument.

FIGURES 1–10. Ctenobelba mikaeeli sp. nov. (female) 1, Dorsal view; 2, Ventral view; 3, Sensillus; 4, Lamellar seta (le); 5, Rostral seta (ro); 6, Exobothridial seta (ex); 7, Interlamellar seta (in); 8, Notogastral seta lm; 9, Notogastral seta p1; 10, Epimeral seta 4b.

Measurements. Measurements of holotype (measurements of five paratypes in parentheses): length of body 547 (544–577); width 298 (294–324).

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FIGURES 11–14. Ctenobelba mikaeeli sp. nov. (female). 11, Leg I (left, femur to tarsus); 12, Leg II (right, femur to tarsus); 13, Leg III) left, trochanter to tarsus); 14, Leg IV (right, trochanter to tarsus).

Integument (Figs. 1, 2, 15, 16). Body color yellow-brownish. Dorsal and ventral sides of the body (except genital plates) densely punctate, covered with small and dark star-like cerotegumental granules scattered irregularly between dots. Lateral sides of the hysterosoma covered with small tubercle-like cerotegument (Fig. 15). Prodorsum (Figs. 1, 3–7, 17). Rostrum conical, with two tooth-like projections (Fig. 17). Costulae distinctly visible, thin, long, strongly chitinized, parallel in anterior part, divergent in posterior part. Transcostular line absent. Rostral setae (ro: 39–42) setiform, curved, smooth (Fig. 5). Lamellar setae (le: 42–48) setiform, thinner than rostral setae, serrated (Fig. 4). Interlamellar setae (in: 48–56) long, curved, barbed (Fig. 7). Exobothridial setae (ex: 19–22) setiform, serrated (Fig. 6). Bothridial setae (ss: 121–132) long, with 12-13 short branches inserted unilaterally, length of branches varies (longest branch: 15, shortest branch: 5) (Fig. 3). Notogaster (Figs. 1, 8–9). Dorsosejugal furrow straight, with one pair of triangular and bluntended tubercles (opposite to each bothridium). Ten pairs of notogastral setae present, nine pairs leafshape, strongly barbed, large; seta p1 widened, dilated distally; three pairs of marginal posterior setae (p1–p3) shorter than the other notogastral setae. Lyrifissure im developed, oblique. Setal measurements as follows: c 50 (45–52), la 50 (47–51), lm 43 (40–43), lp 51 (49–52), h1 41 (39–42), h2 43 (43–45), h3 56 (55–58), p1 30 (30–32), p2 31 (28–31), p3 26 (24–27). Setae p3 shortest, setae h3 longest. Gnathosoma (Figs. 2, 18, 19). Subcapitulum diarthric, longer than wide (137–130 × 70–77). Subcapitular setae setiform and distinctly barbed; a 21–24, m 34–35, h 26–30. Adoral setae setiform, smooth (Fig. 19). Palps (length 71–77) with setation 0-2-1-3-8(+ω). Solenidion thickened, recumbent on surface of the palptarsus, separated from eupathidium acm (Fig. 18). Chelicerae with two setiform and barbed setae; cha (25–29) longer than chb (19–22). Epimeral region (Fig. 2, 10). All epimeral setae setiform, covered with dilated membranes (Fig. 10), length of epimeral setae varies (17–45), setae 1b longest, setae 3c inserted on tubercles Sp. Two pairs of developed and triangular tubercles (Sa and Sp) present between epimere II and III.

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FIGURES 15–20. Ctenobelba mikaeeli sp. nov. (female). 15, Tubercle-like cerotegument laterally on notogastral edge; 16, Star-like cerotegumental granules on notogaster; 17, Rostrum; 18, Palp (right); 19, Subcapitulum; 20, Notogastral setae (After Mahunka 1977).

Anogenital region (Figs 2). Six pairs of genital (g1–g6 14–16), three pairs of aggenital (ag1–ag3 13–17), two pairs of anal (an1–an2 19–21) and three pairs of adanal (ad1–ad3 18–22) setae present, ad1 in postanal position. All setae setiform and smooth. Lyrifissures iad distinct, located parallel to anal aperture. Legs (Figs. 11–14). All legs monodactylous, claw thick and smooth, setae p of legs II–IV spinelike, lateral to claws. Formulae of leg setation and solenidia as follows: Leg I: 1-5-3-4-20 [1-2-2]; leg II: 1-5-3-4-16 [1-1-2]; leg III: 2-3-1-3-15 [1-1-0]; Leg IV: 1-2-2-3-12 [0-1-0] (see Table 1 for setation detail). TABLE 1. Leg setation and solenidia of Ctenobelba mikaeeli sp. nov. Leg Trochanter Femur

Genu

Tibia

Tarsus

I

v’

d, (l), v”, bv”

(l), v’, σ (l), (v), φ1, φ2 (ft), (tc), (it), (p), (u), (a), s, (pv), v,’ (pl), l”, ε, ω1, ω2

II

v’

d, (l), v”, bv”

(l), v’, σ (l), (v), φ

(ft), (tc), (it), (p), (u), (a), s, (pv), l”, ω1, ω2

III

l’, v’

d, l’, ev’

l’, σ

l’, (v), φ

(ft), (tc), (it), (p), (u), (a), s, (pv)

IV

v’

d, ev’

d, l’

l’, (v), φ

ft”, (tc), (p), (u), (a), s, (pv)

Roman letters refer to normal setae, Greek letters refer to solenidia and ε to the famulus, parentheses indicate pairs of setae. Setae on the anterior side of a leg segment are indicated with a single accent (‘) and setae on the posterior side with a double accent (“).

Type material. Holotype and five paratypes were collected from soil of walnut (Juglans regia L.; Juglandaceae(. Ashan Village (37°30' N, 46°17'E), Maragheh, East Azerbaijan province, Iran. 09 August 2013, by Mansoureh Ahaniazad. Type deposition. Holotype (female) and two paratypes (females) deposited in the Acarological Collection, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran; one paratype (female) deposited in the Acarological Collection, Department of Plant 78


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Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran and two paratypes (females) deposited in the Acarological Collection, Jalal Afshar Zoological Museum, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran. Etymology. This species is named in honor of Mr. Mikaeel Ahaniazad, father of the senior author. Remarks (see Table 2 for comparison to all Ctenobelba species) Ctenobelba mikaeeli sp. nov. resembles C. pilosella Jeleva, 1962 in having broadened notogastral setae, but can be distinguished from each other by the following characteristics: 1-Number (12–13) and length (5–15) of branches on the sensillus of C. mikaeeli sp. nov. are different than those of C. pilosella [(7–8 medium size, Mahunka 1977), (6–10 different sizes, long branches 40, Miko 1990)]. 2-Notogastral setae of the new species are phylliform, strongly barbed and without an elongated tip (Figs. 8 and 9) vs. slightly broadened and elongated to the sharp tip in C. pilosella (Fig. 20). 3-All of the notogastral setae with the same shape in C. pilosella but seta p1 is widened in the new species. 4-Sigillae absent in the interbothridial region in new species, but six pairs are present in C. pilosella. 5-Setae le (serrated) and in (barbed) are different in the new species, but not in C. pilosella (both barbed). 6-Epimeral setae of the new species are covered with dilated membranes which are absent in C. pilosella. Ctenobelba mikaeeli sp. nov. is also similar to C. foliata Hammer, 1961 and C. parafoliata PérezIñigo Jr, 1991 in having phylliform notogastral setae, but is distinguishable from them by a combination of the following characteristics: 1-Notogastral setae of C. foliata (phylliform, with smooth edges and long flagelliform tip) and C. parafoliata (phylliform, with serrated edges and long flagelliform tip) are different than those of the new species. 2-The number and length of branches on the sensillus of the new species (12–13 medium) differ from those in C. foliata (five long) and C. parafoliata (6–8 long).

Family Ameridae Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1957 Amerus Berlese, 1896 Type species: Belba troisi Berlese, 1883 Generic diagnosis. Costulae absent. Sensilli flagellate or setiform. Notogaster and prodorsum fused, dorsosejugal furrow absent. Ten pairs of notogastral setae of varying length. Pedotectum I well developed, pedotectum II relatively small. Epimeral setae not branched. Six pairs of genital, two pairs of anal and three pairs of adanal setae, aggenital neotrichy present (3–15 pairs of setae) (Balogh & Balogh 1992; Weigmann 2006; Baran & Kiliç 2013).

Amerus (Amerus) polonicus Kulczynski, 1902 Diagnosis. Rostral setae laterally, lamellar setae dorsally and near to rostral setae. Bothridium tubeshaped. Notogastral setae la, lm and h1 longer than the others, c2 and la arch-shaped. Setae p1–p3 shortest. Remarks. The characters of the Iranian specimens are very similar to those of the original description of Kulczynski (1902) and supplementary descriptions of Weigmann (2006) and Baran & Kiliç (2013), but there are variation in the length of notogastral setae in our specimens and previously known specimens (100–200 by Weigmann 2006; 53–145 by Baran & Kiliç 2013; 60–180 in our specimens).

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TABLE 2. Selected characters of adults of the subgenus Ctenobelba (Ctenobelba) and their distribution. Species

Body length

Sensillus

Notogastral setae

C. apatomorpha 440–480 with 8–13 long branches Iturrondobeitia et al., 1998

Interbothridial region

Important character

setiform, smooth, without sigillae medium length (30)

in le

Distribution

smooth smooth

Spain

C. ayyildizi Baran, 2012

340–369 with 13–15 branches

short setiform, medium

smooth, without sigillae

smooth smooth

Turkey

C. brevipilosa1, 2, 3, 7 Mahunka, 1964


short setiform, short (15)

smooth, with 4–6 pairs of sigillae

smooth smooth

South-central Europe

C. csiszarae Mahunka, 1977

320–354 with 9–10 short branches setiform, smooth, without sigillae medium (30–40)

smooth smooth

Western Palearctic

C. foliata 2, 4,5 Hammer, 1961

420– 435 with 5–6 long branches

pairs

of Cerotegumental smooth granules in the smooth form of dark stars on the notogaster

C. foveolata 395–435 with 7–11 short branches setiform, short Subías & Shtanchaeva, 2013


with foveolate smooth prodorsum smooth

Spain

C. grancanariae sensillus divided into two setiform, Pérez-Íñigo & Peña, 454–489 branches basally, vary in size 1997 posterior branch with 3–4 branches distally

smooth, ?

posterior end of smooth lamella bifurcate smooth

Canary Islands

C. heterosetosa Murvanidze Weigmann, 2007

&

leaf-like (with long with 5 flagelliform tips), sigillae smooth, medium

375–410 with 9–11 short branches different form (c2, la, without sigillae lm, lp phylliform, widened, strongly barbed; h1–h3 bacilliform, pointed; p1–p3 setiforn, smooth), vary in size 430–445 with 6 long branches

seiform, barbed, long

C. martyanensis Ermilov et al., 2012

498–564 with 4–5 long branches

widely dilated without sigillae distally, smooth, or with lines, medium (24–32)

C. mahnerti Mahunka, 1974


C. mikaeeli sp.nov.


C. obsoleta 1 (Koch, 1841)

with 5–8 medium setiform, smooth, vary with five pairs of in size (25–50) sigillae 355–520 branches (20–30)

smooth smooth

Germany

C. parafoliata Pérez-Íñigo, 1991


barbed smooth

Spain

side flagella like) without without sigillae dilated membrane), smooth, long short nine pairs of setae without sigillae leaf-like, p1 widended distally, barbed, vary in size (26–58)

leaf like (with short with three pairs of flagelliform tips), sigillae serrate, medium

seven pairs of serrated aggenital setae barbed present

Caucasus

C. marcuzzii Mahunka, 1974

long

without sigillae

serrated ?

Southern Europe

barbed barbed

notogaster polygonal sculpture

with serrated serrated barbed serrated

South-eastern Europe Crimea

Southern Europe

Iran

C. parapulchellula 400–450 with 5–6 long branches Subías & Shtanchaeva, 2013

flagellate (with without sigillae hyaline), serrated in basal part, long

prodorsum with barbed translamella barbed

Iberian Peninsula

C. pulchellula 456 Gil-Martín & Subías, 1997

with 5 branches

flagellate (with without sigillae hyaline), serrate, long

smooth smooth

Iberian Peninsula

C. perezinigoi Moraza, 1985

526

sensillus divided in 2–3 setiform, barbed, long without sigillae branches basally, anterior 1–2 branches more developed, posterior branch with four short branches distally

barbed barbed

Western Mediterranean

C. pectinigera 2, 4,6,7 (Berlese, 1908)

440–500 with 5–8 medium setiform, smooth, long with three pairs of branches (15–25) (35) sigillae

smooth smooth

South-central Europe

barbed barbed

Western Mediterranean

barbed barbed

Mediterranean

C. pseudomahnerti 475–525 with 5–6 long branches Subías & Shtanchaeva, 2013

flagellate) without without sigillae dilated membrane), smooth, long (?)

C. pilosella 1,4 485–560 6–10 medium to long feathered (elongated with six pairs of Jeleva, 1962 (Csiszár branches (40 Miko 1990) distally), barbed, sigillae & Jeleva 1962) medium (35-57)

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TABLE 2. (Continued) Species

Body length

Sensillus

C. serrata Mahunka, 1964


C. simplex (Willmann, 1940)

480

C. translаmеllаta Iordansky, 1990

516–521 with 13 short branches

with 10–11 branches

Notogastral setae setiform, medium

serrate, with four pairs of sigillae

short setiform, (?), short

setiform, medium

Interbothridial region

?


Important character

in le

Distribution

serrated smooth

Southern Europe

lamella weak and ? short (1/3 of ? prodorsal length)

BosniaHerzegovina

prodorsum with smooth translamella smooth

Eastern Mediterranean

Lengths in micrometers, in = interlamellar seta, le = lamellar seta; distribution from Subías (2004, 2016); see also 1 Miko (1990), 2 Mahunka (1977), 3 Subías & Shtanchaeva (2013), 4 Mahunka (1964), 5 Murvanidze & Weigmann (2007), 6 Woas (1986), 7 Iturrondobeitia et al. (1998).

Material examined. Litter and soil of golden delicious apple orchards; Mordagh village (37°20'30.8"N, 46°23'15.6"E;), Maragheh city, Iran. 20 July 2013 (five specimens), by Mansoureh Ahaniazad.

Family Amerobelbidae Grandjean, 1961 Amerobelba Berlese, 1908 Type species: Amerobelba decedens Berlese, 1908 Generic diagnosis. Rostrum conical in dorsal view. Prodorsum without costulae; lamellar lines absent. Sensilli setiform and covered by cilia. Anterior margin of notogaster straight. Pedotecta I and II well developed. Notogastral tubercles in humeral region absent. Ten pairs of notogastral setae smooth or ciliated. Epimeral setae not branched. Three pairs of aggenital setae present (Şimşek & Baran 2012, Balogh & Balogh 1992, Weigmann 2006).

Amerobelba decedens Berlese, 1908 Diagnosis. Setae in shorter than setae le and smooth. Sensilli thin, setiform, with five short cilia. All notogastral, aggenital, genital and epimeral setae smooth. Remarks. The characters of the Iranian specimens are similar to those of the previously known specimens but differs in length of the body (730 in Weigmann & Schwalbe 1994; 840–850 in PérezInigo 1970; 600–745 in Şimşek & Baran 2012; 725–850 in Weigmann 2006 and 786–800 in present study) and leg chaetotaxy [leg chaetotaxy in our specimens is the same in Şimşek & Baran 2012 and Weigmann & Schwalbe 1994 but differs from Perez-Iñigo 1970 and Pérez-Iñigo & Pena 1997 (see Şimşek & Baran 2012)]. Material examined. Soil of apple (Malus domestica; Rosaceae) and Apricot (Prunus armeniaca; Rosaceae(. Agajari village (37°29'44.0"N, 45°59'20.4"E), Azarshahr city, Iran. 08 September 2013 (13 specimens). Litter and soil of apple orchards; Mordagh village (37°20'30.8"N, 46°23'15.6"E), Maragheh city, Iran. 20 July 2013 (8 specimens), by Mansoureh Ahaniazad.

Family Damaeolidae Grandjean, 1965 Damaeolus Paoli, 1908 Type species: Damaeolus asperatus (Berlese 1904) Generic diagnosis. Rostrum rounded, pointed or straight. Lamellar lines present or absent. Lamellar setae dorsally, close to rostral setae. Sensilli fusiform, flagellate apically. Dorsosejugal furrow straight or arched. Notogaster without four semicircular depressions. Notogastral setae long, flagelliform or setiform. Three pairs of aggenital and three pairs of adanal setae present (Baran et al. 2010). 2017


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Damaeolus ornatissimus Csiszár, 1962 Diagnosis. Rostrum pointed. Lamellar lines present. Rostral setae originate laterally. Interlamellar setae on tubercles. Eleven pairs of notogastral setae setiform, short, curved and sheathed in cerotegument. Cerotegumental granules in polygonal form on notogaster. Remarks. The characters of the Iranian specimens are the same to those of the original description of Csiszár (1962) (in Csiszár & Jeleva 1962). Material examined. Soil of grape (Vitis vinifera; Vitaceae); Varjoui village (37°20'16.4"N, 46°14'18.6"E), Maragheh city, Iran. 09 August 2013 (three specimens). Wheat (Triticum durum; Poaceae) soil; Mihmandar village (37°30'51.8"N, 45°56'51.7"E.), Ajabshir city, Iran. 21 May 2014, by Mansoureh Ahaniazad

Fosseremus Grandjean, 1954 Type species: Fosseremus laciniatus (Berlese 1905) Generic diagnosis. Rostrum pointed, rounded medially or widely rounded. Lamellar lines or costulae present. Lamellar setae on dorsal side and close to rostral setae. Sensilli fusiform. Dorsosejugal furrow arcuate. Notogaster with four semicircular depressions. Notogastral setae setiform, sheathed in cerotegument. Three pairs of aggenital, three pairs of adanal setae present (Baran et al. 2010).

Fosseremus laciniatus (Berlese, 1905) Diagnosis. Rostrum widely rounded. Rostral setae smooth and inserted laterally. Short and curved lamellar lines present. Interlamellar setae small. Sensilli fusiform with a triangular head. Twelve pairs of notogastral setae present. Remarks. The characteristics of the Iranian specimens are the same to those of F. laciniatus described by Grandjean (1965) (as F. quadripertitus). Material examined. Soil of walnut and almond (Amygdalus scoparia, Rosaceae); Tazeh Kand village (37°19'42.8"N, 46°17'57.6"E), Maragheh city, Iran. 21 May 2014. (three specimens), by Mansoureh Ahaniazad.

Family Eremulidae Grandjean, 1965 Eremulus Berlese, 1908 Type species: Eremulus flagellifer Berlese, 1908 Generic diagnosis. Rostrum rounded or pointed. Costulae well developed; transcostula present or absent. Sensilli usually flagelliform. Anterior part of notogaster with transverse foveolate band. Ten to 11 pairs of notogastral setae present. Notogastral, anal and adanal setae simple; genital, aggenital and epimeral setae usually branched (1с often setiform). Three pairs of adanal and usually three pairs of aggenital setae present (Ermilov & Hugo-Coetzee 2012).

Eremulus flagellifer Berlese, 1908 Diagnosis. Rostrum weakly protruding. Costulae long and narrow, transcostula absent. Prodorsal setae smooth and inserted on tubercles, interlamellar setae shorter than lamellar and rostral setae and inserted close together. Sensilli flagelliform and covered by short cilia. Eleven pairs of notogastral setae smooth, setiform and without flagellate tips. Three pairs of aggenital setae with two to five 82


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branches, three pairs of adanal setae smooth and setiform. Seta 1c long, setiform and smooth. All other epimeral setae with two to five branches. Remarks. The characteristics of the Iranian specimens are the same to those of the supplementary descriptions of the South African specimens (see Ermilov & Hugo-Coetzee 2012 for comparison to other descriptions). Material examined. Soil of black cherry (Prunus cerasus; Rosaceae) and almond; Germez Gol village (37°43'18.6"N, 46°04'39.6"E), Azarshahr city, Iran. 27 August 2014 (nine specimens). Litter and soil of golden delicious apple orchards; Mordagh village (37°20'30.8"N, 46°23'15.6"E), Maragheh city, Iran. 20 July 2013 (six specimens), by Mansoureh Ahaniazad.

Acknowledgements The authors want to express their sincere appreciation to Saeid Paktinat-Saeij (University of Maragheh, Iran) for his valuable help. We greatly appreciate the support for this project provided by the Research Divisions of University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran.

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