Helix of. DNA can also be represented as simple linear strands. Dr. H.K. GARG ... The sticky ends bind both the DNA together ... Nucleosome (Solenoid model).
An Overview of
Genetics (B.Sc. III Semester, Paper - I)
Dr.H.K.Garg Professor Sarojini Naidu Govt. Girls Post Graduate Autonomous College, Bhopal
An Overview of Genetics
Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
An Overview of Genetics
Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
An Overview of Genetics Chromatids
Chromonemeta
Micro-fibrils & Sub-fibrils
Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
An Overview of Genetics
Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
An Overview of Genetics
The Double Helix of DNA can also be represented as simple linear strands
DNA
Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
An Overview of Genetics
One of these two strands will act as a template
Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
An Overview of Genetics
Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
An Overview of Genetics Translation
Chain of Amino Acids is called Protein Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
An Overview of Genetics •
Both target DNA and the Vector are cut with a RE
•
The Restriction Enzyme leaves sticky ends
•
The sticky ends bind both the DNA together
•
Ligase seals the DNA
Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
An Overview of Genetics •
DNA is taken up by the Host Cells
•
As the Host Cells grow, DNA also grow simultaneously.
Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
An Overview of Genetics •
Therapeutic Cloning is performed to harvest embryonic stem cells. These cells are found inside the developing embryo and they can be used to develop tissues & organs.
Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Hereditary & Variation, Gene and Genetic Material Unit - I (1) TOPIC
CONTENT
Chromosomes - The physical basis of hereditary and transmitters of hereditary. •
Structure of Chromosomes.
•
Types of Chromosomes.
•
Chemical Composition of Chromosomes.
Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Hereditary & Variation, Gene and Genetic Material Unit - I (2) TOPIC
CONTENT
Types of Chromosomes •
Lampbrush Chromosomes.
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Salivary Gland or Polytene Chromosomes.
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B or Beta Chromosomes.
Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Hereditary & Variation, Gene and Genetic Material Unit - I (3) TOPIC
CONTENT
Nucleocytoplasmic Interactions •
Ultrastructure of Nucleus & Nucleolus.
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Role of Nucleus & Nucleolus in N-C Interactions.
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Synthesis & Export of RNA, Transport of Proteins. Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Hereditary & Variation, Gene and Genetic Material Unit - I (4) TOPIC
CONTENT
Hereditary& Variation •
Mendel’s 3 Laws of Hereditary.
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Kinds of Variations.
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Genetic Basis of Variations.
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Sources of Variations, Genotype, Phenotype and Environmental Variations.
Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Hereditary & Variation, Gene and Genetic Material Unit - I (5) Gene & Genetic Material TOPIC
CONTENT
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Chemistry of Gene - Nucleic Acids & their Structure.
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Concept of DNA Replication.
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Nucleosome (Solenoid model).
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Split Genes, Overlapping Genes & Pseudo Genes.
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Genetic Code.
Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Cytoplasmic Inheritance Gene Expression & Regulation Unit - II (1) Cytoplasmic Inheritance TOPIC
CONTENT
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Shell coiling in Limnea.
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CO2 Sensitivity in Drosophila.
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Kappa particles in Paramecium.
Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Cytoplasmic Inheritance Gene Expression & Regulation Unit - II (2) TOPIC
Gene Expression •
Protein Synthesis - I.
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Transcription in Prokaryotes.
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Transcription in Eukaryotes.
CONTENT
Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Cytoplasmic Inheritance Gene Expression & Regulation Unit - II (3) TOPIC
Gene Expression •
Protein Synthesis - II.
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Translation in Prokaryotes.
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Translation in Eukaryotes.
CONTENT
Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Cytoplasmic Inheritance Gene Expression & Regulation Unit - II (4) TOPIC
Gene Regulation •
Induction & Repression.
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Inducer & Co-repressor.
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The Operon Model.
CONTENT
Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Linkage & Chromosomal Aberrations Unit - III (1-2) TOPIC
Gene Linkage & Recombination •
Theories of Linkage.
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Significance of Linkage.
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Mechanism of Genetic Recombination.
CONTENT
Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Linkage & Chromosomal Aberrations Unit - III (3) TOPIC
Sex Determination •
Sex Chromosome System.
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Sex Differentiation.
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Chromosome Theory of Sex Determination.
CONTENT
Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Linkage & Chromosomal Aberrations Unit - III (4) TOPIC
Sex Linked Inheritance •
Haemophilia.
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Colour blindness.
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X-linked & Y-linked Characters.
CONTENT
Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Linkage & Chromosomal Aberrations Unit - III (5) TOPIC
Structural Changes in Chromosomes •
Deficiency or Deletion.
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Duplication.
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Translocation.
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Inversion.
CONTENT
Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Linkage & Chromosomal Aberrations Unit - III (6) TOPIC
Numerical Changes in Chromosomes •
Aneuploidy Increase or decrease in one or more individual
CONTENT
chromosome(s). •
Polyploidy Increase or decrease in one or more entire set of chromosomes.
Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Mutation & Applied Genetics Unit - IV (1-3) TOPIC
Mutations •
Types of Mutation On the basis of Cell-type, Size, Origin and
CONTENT
Phenotypic Effect. •
Mutagens Physical - Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiations; Chemical - Alkylating and Deamination Agents.
Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Mutation & Applied Genetics Unit - IV (4) TOPIC
Gene Therapy •
Germ line Gene Therapy
•
Somatic Cell Gene Therapy
CONTENT
Augmentation; and Targeted Gene Transfer.
Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Mutation & Applied Genetics Unit - IV (5) TOPIC
CONTENT
DNA Finger printing •
Isolation of DNA
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Digestion of DNA with Restriction Enzyme
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Gel Electrophoresis of DNA
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DNA transfer to Nylon Membrane
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Radio-labeling of DNA Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Human Genetics & Genetic Engineering Unit - V (1-2) TOPIC
CONTENT
Human Chromosomes •
Human Karyotype
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Common Genetic Disorders
•
Human Genome Project
Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Human Genetics & Genetic Engineering Unit - V (3) TOPIC
CONTENT
Multiple Factors & Blood Groups •
Antigens & Antibodies
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Blood Group or ABO System
•
Rh Factor
Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Human Genetics & Genetic Engineering Unit - V (4) TOPIC
CONTENT
Twins - Physical & Mental Traits •
Fraternal or Dizygotic Twins
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Maternal or Monozygotic Twins
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Siamese Twins
Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Human Genetics & Genetic Engineering Unit - V (5) TOPIC
CONTENT
Recombinant DNA Technology •
Restriction Endonuclease Enzymes
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Vectors, Linkers & Adapters
•
Chimeric DNA
Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Human Genetics & Genetic Engineering Unit - V (6) TOPIC
CONTENT
Gene Cloning & Gene Library •
Gene, Genomic & cDNA Libraries
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Construction of Genomic Library
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Gene Isolation, Sequencing and Synthesis.
Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Human Genetics & Genetic Engineering Unit - V (7) TOPIC
CONTENT
PCR & Hybridization Techniques •
Polymerase Chain Reaction
•
Gel Electrophoresis
•
Southern & Northern Blotting.
Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY