An Overview of

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Helix of. DNA can also be represented as simple linear strands. Dr. H.K. GARG ... The sticky ends bind both the DNA together ... Nucleosome (Solenoid model).
An Overview of

Genetics (B.Sc. III Semester, Paper - I)

Dr.H.K.Garg Professor Sarojini Naidu Govt. Girls Post Graduate Autonomous College, Bhopal

An Overview of Genetics

Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

An Overview of Genetics

Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

An Overview of Genetics Chromatids

Chromonemeta

Micro-fibrils & Sub-fibrils

Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

An Overview of Genetics

Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

An Overview of Genetics

The Double Helix of DNA can also be represented as simple linear strands

DNA

Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

An Overview of Genetics

One of these two strands will act as a template

Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

An Overview of Genetics

Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

An Overview of Genetics Translation

Chain of Amino Acids is called Protein Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

An Overview of Genetics •

Both target DNA and the Vector are cut with a RE



The Restriction Enzyme leaves sticky ends



The sticky ends bind both the DNA together



Ligase seals the DNA

Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

An Overview of Genetics •

DNA is taken up by the Host Cells



As the Host Cells grow, DNA also grow simultaneously.

Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

An Overview of Genetics •

Therapeutic Cloning is performed to harvest embryonic stem cells. These cells are found inside the developing embryo and they can be used to develop tissues & organs.

Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Hereditary & Variation, Gene and Genetic Material Unit - I (1) TOPIC

CONTENT

Chromosomes - The physical basis of hereditary and transmitters of hereditary. •

Structure of Chromosomes.



Types of Chromosomes.



Chemical Composition of Chromosomes.

Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Hereditary & Variation, Gene and Genetic Material Unit - I (2) TOPIC

CONTENT

Types of Chromosomes •

Lampbrush Chromosomes.



Salivary Gland or Polytene Chromosomes.



B or Beta Chromosomes.

Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Hereditary & Variation, Gene and Genetic Material Unit - I (3) TOPIC

CONTENT

Nucleocytoplasmic Interactions •

Ultrastructure of Nucleus & Nucleolus.



Role of Nucleus & Nucleolus in N-C Interactions.



Synthesis & Export of RNA, Transport of Proteins. Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Hereditary & Variation, Gene and Genetic Material Unit - I (4) TOPIC

CONTENT

Hereditary& Variation •

Mendel’s 3 Laws of Hereditary.



Kinds of Variations.



Genetic Basis of Variations.



Sources of Variations, Genotype, Phenotype and Environmental Variations.

Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Hereditary & Variation, Gene and Genetic Material Unit - I (5) Gene & Genetic Material TOPIC

CONTENT



Chemistry of Gene - Nucleic Acids & their Structure.



Concept of DNA Replication.



Nucleosome (Solenoid model).



Split Genes, Overlapping Genes & Pseudo Genes.



Genetic Code.

Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Cytoplasmic Inheritance Gene Expression & Regulation Unit - II (1) Cytoplasmic Inheritance TOPIC

CONTENT



Shell coiling in Limnea.



CO2 Sensitivity in Drosophila.



Kappa particles in Paramecium.

Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Cytoplasmic Inheritance Gene Expression & Regulation Unit - II (2) TOPIC

Gene Expression •

Protein Synthesis - I.



Transcription in Prokaryotes.



Transcription in Eukaryotes.

CONTENT

Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Cytoplasmic Inheritance Gene Expression & Regulation Unit - II (3) TOPIC

Gene Expression •

Protein Synthesis - II.



Translation in Prokaryotes.



Translation in Eukaryotes.

CONTENT

Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Cytoplasmic Inheritance Gene Expression & Regulation Unit - II (4) TOPIC

Gene Regulation •

Induction & Repression.



Inducer & Co-repressor.



The Operon Model.

CONTENT

Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Linkage & Chromosomal Aberrations Unit - III (1-2) TOPIC

Gene Linkage & Recombination •

Theories of Linkage.



Significance of Linkage.



Mechanism of Genetic Recombination.

CONTENT

Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Linkage & Chromosomal Aberrations Unit - III (3) TOPIC

Sex Determination •

Sex Chromosome System.



Sex Differentiation.



Chromosome Theory of Sex Determination.

CONTENT

Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Linkage & Chromosomal Aberrations Unit - III (4) TOPIC

Sex Linked Inheritance •

Haemophilia.



Colour blindness.



X-linked & Y-linked Characters.

CONTENT

Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Linkage & Chromosomal Aberrations Unit - III (5) TOPIC

Structural Changes in Chromosomes •

Deficiency or Deletion.



Duplication.



Translocation.



Inversion.

CONTENT

Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Linkage & Chromosomal Aberrations Unit - III (6) TOPIC

Numerical Changes in Chromosomes •

Aneuploidy Increase or decrease in one or more individual

CONTENT

chromosome(s). •

Polyploidy Increase or decrease in one or more entire set of chromosomes.

Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Mutation & Applied Genetics Unit - IV (1-3) TOPIC

Mutations •

Types of Mutation On the basis of Cell-type, Size, Origin and

CONTENT

Phenotypic Effect. •

Mutagens Physical - Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiations; Chemical - Alkylating and Deamination Agents.

Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Mutation & Applied Genetics Unit - IV (4) TOPIC

Gene Therapy •

Germ line Gene Therapy



Somatic Cell Gene Therapy

CONTENT

Augmentation; and Targeted Gene Transfer.

Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Mutation & Applied Genetics Unit - IV (5) TOPIC

CONTENT

DNA Finger printing •

Isolation of DNA



Digestion of DNA with Restriction Enzyme



Gel Electrophoresis of DNA



DNA transfer to Nylon Membrane



Radio-labeling of DNA Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Human Genetics & Genetic Engineering Unit - V (1-2) TOPIC

CONTENT

Human Chromosomes •

Human Karyotype



Common Genetic Disorders



Human Genome Project

Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Human Genetics & Genetic Engineering Unit - V (3) TOPIC

CONTENT

Multiple Factors & Blood Groups •

Antigens & Antibodies



Blood Group or ABO System



Rh Factor

Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Human Genetics & Genetic Engineering Unit - V (4) TOPIC

CONTENT

Twins - Physical & Mental Traits •

Fraternal or Dizygotic Twins



Maternal or Monozygotic Twins



Siamese Twins

Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Human Genetics & Genetic Engineering Unit - V (5) TOPIC

CONTENT

Recombinant DNA Technology •

Restriction Endonuclease Enzymes



Vectors, Linkers & Adapters



Chimeric DNA

Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Human Genetics & Genetic Engineering Unit - V (6) TOPIC

CONTENT

Gene Cloning & Gene Library •

Gene, Genomic & cDNA Libraries



Construction of Genomic Library



Gene Isolation, Sequencing and Synthesis.

Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Human Genetics & Genetic Engineering Unit - V (7) TOPIC

CONTENT

PCR & Hybridization Techniques •

Polymerase Chain Reaction



Gel Electrophoresis



Southern & Northern Blotting.

Dr. H.K. GARG PROFESSOR OF GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY