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Chapter Handbook of Drug Interactions pp 625754 Date: 12 July 2011
Anabolic Doping Agents Daniel A. von Deutsch , Imad K. Abukhalaf , Rigobert LapuBula
Abstract This chapter discusses the different types of doping agents that have been used since the preChristian era, such as hallucinogenic mushrooms and alcohol, up to those currently used by athletes today. Today, articles 2.1 through 2.8 of the World Anti Doping Code, define doping as the violation of one or more of these articles through the use of prohibited substances or methods. In the present discussion on anabolic doping agents, the classes of banned substances covered include stimulants, anabolic agents, peptide hormones, and β 2adrenoceptor agonists, as well as masking and antiestrogenic agents. The pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and toxicology of these substances will be discussed along with some potential historical consequences of the use of certain doping agents by both axis and allied forces during World War II, and the terrible consequences that might be attributed to their use.
Keywords Doping Anabolic Performance enhancement Athletics
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Arzneimittelforschung. 34:1680–1684 (1984).PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi? cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=6152161) 155. Baronti A, Lelli M, Manini G, Verdiani P. Procaterol metered aerosol in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int. J.Clin. Pharmacol. Res. 7:363–368 (1987).PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi? cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=2889678) 156. Baselt RC, Cravey RH. Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemical in Man, 4th ed. Chemical Toxicology Institute Foster City, CA, (1995). 157. Beastall GH, Ratcliffe WA, Thomson M, Semple CG. Trilostane interference with steroid assays. Lancet. 1:727–728 (1981).PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi? cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=6110942) 158. Bowers LD. Analytical advances in detection of performanceenhancing compounds. Clin. Chem. 43:1299–1304 (1997).PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi? cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=9216478) 159. Brambilla G, Cenci T, Franconi F, Galarini R, Macri A, Rondoni F, Strozzi M, Loizzo A. Clinical and pharmacological profile in a clenbuterol epidemic poisoning of contaminated beef meat in Italy. Toxicol. Lett. 114:47–53 (2000).PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi? cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=10713468) 160. Brasch J, Flader S. Human androgenic steroids affect growth of dermatophytes in vitro. Mycoses. 39:387–392 (1996).PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi? cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=9009664) 161. Brown J, Clasper C, Smith T, Lomax MA. Effects of a beta 2adrenergic agonist, cimaterol and corticosterone on growth and carcass composition of male rats. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 102:217–220 (1992). 162. Byrem TM, Beermann DH, Robinson TF. The betaagonist cimaterol directly enhances chronic protein accretion in skeletal muscle. J. Anim. Sci. 76:988–998 (1998).PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi? cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=9581921) 163. Byrem TM, Robinson TF, Boisclair YR, Bell AW, Schwark WS, Beermann DH. Analysis and pharmacokinetics of cimaterol in growing Holstein steers. J. Anim. Sci. 70:3812–3819 (1992).PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi? cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=1361928) 164. Cardoso LA and Stock MJ. Effect of clenbuterol on growth and body composition during food restriction in rats. J. Anim. Sci. 74:2245–2252 (1996).PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi? cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=8880429) 165. Chance WT, Zhang X, Zuo L, Balasubramaniam A. Reduction of gut hypoplasia and cachexia in tumorbearing rats maintained on total parenteral nutrition and treated with peptide YY and clenbuterol. Nutrition. 14:502–507 (1998).PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi? cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=9646290) 166. Chikhou F, Moloney AP, Austin FH, Roche JF, Enright WJ. Effects of cimaterol administration on plasma concentrations of various hormones and metabolites in Friesian steers. Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. 8:471–480 (1991).PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi? cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=1686220)
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167. Doping notes: Kohl positive for CERA; details of Ricco’s doping; Asif’s doping appeal adjourned; Thomas gets home confinement. New York Times; Published: Monday, October 13, 2008. http:// www. nytimes. com/ 2008/ 10/ 13/ sports/ 13ihtdoping13. 16915406. html (http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/13/sports/13ihtdoping13.16915406.html) . Accessed 10 June 2010. 168. Eisen EJ, Croom WJ Jr, Helton SW. Differential response to the betaadrenergic agonist cimaterol in mice selected for rapid gain and unselected controls. Anim. Sci. 66:361–371 (1988) 169. Fischer W, Lasek R, Muller M. Anticonvulsant effects of propranolol and their pharmacological modulation. Pol. J. Pharmacol. Pharm. 37:883–896 (1985).PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi? cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=3841695) 170. Galan Martin AM, Marino JI, Garcia de Tiedra MP, Marabe JJ, Caballero Loscos MJ, Marino MM. Determination of nandrolone and metabolites in urine samples from sedentary persons and sportsmen. J. Chromatogr. B. Biomed. Sci. Appl. 761:229–236 (2001)PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi? cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=11587353) 171. Germouty J, Aubert J, Clavier J, Paramelle B, Voisin C. [Longterm tolerability of formoterol in chronic obstructive bronchopathies]. Allerg. Immunol. (Paris). 24:342–347 (1992) 172. Gleixner A, Sauerwein H, Meyer HH. Probenecid, sulfinpyrazone and pyrazinamide do not inhibit urinary excretion of the beta 2adrenoceptor agonist clenbuterol in cattle. Food Addit. Contam. 13:603–608 (1996).PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi? cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=8871117) 173. Gleixner A. Probenecid markedly reduces urinary excretion of ethinylestradiol and trimethoprim slightly reduces urinary excretion of clenbuterol. Food Addit. Contam. 15:415–420 (1998).PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi? cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=9764211) 174. Grassi V, Daniotti S, Schiassi M, Dottorini M, Tantucci C. Oral beta 2selective adrenergic bronchodilators. Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Res. 6:93–103 (1986).PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi? cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=2873108) 175. Gregorevic P, Williams DA, Lynch GS. Effects of leukemia inhibitory factor on rat skeletal muscles are modulated by clenbuterol. Muscle Nerve. 25:194–201 (2002).PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi? cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=11870686) 176. Groot MJ, Schilt R, Ossenkoppele JS, Berende PL, Haasnoot W. Combinations of growth promoters in veal calves: consequences for screening and confirmation methods. Zentralbl Veterinarmed. A. 45:425–440 (1998).PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi? cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=9793473) 177. Guentert TW, Buskin JN, Galeazzi RL. Single dose pharmacokinetics of mabuterol in man. Arzneimittelforschung. 34:1691–1696 (1984).PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi? cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=6152164) 178. Gupta MK, Singh M. Evidence based review on levosalbutamol. Indian J Pediatr. 74:161– 167 (2007).PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi? cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17337829) 179. Hamada K, Kihana T, Kataoka M, Yoshioka S, Nishio S, Matsuura S, Ito M. Urinary disturbance after therapy for cervical cancer: urodynamic evaluation and beta2agonist
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About this Chapter Title Anabolic Doping Agents Book Title Handbook of Drug Interactions Book Subtitle A Clinical and Forensic Guide Pages pp 625754 Copyright 2012 DOI 10.1007/9781617792229_15
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Print ISBN 9781617792212 Online ISBN 9781617792229 Publisher Humana Press Copyright Holder Springer Science+Business Media, LLC Additional Links About this Book Topics Forensic Science Forensic Medicine Laboratory Medicine Pharmacology/Toxicology Pharmacy Keywords Doping Anabolic Performance enhancement Athletics Industry Sectors Health & Hospitals eBook Packages eBook Package english full Collection eBook Package english Biomedicine & Life Sciences Editors Ashraf Mozayani (ID1) Lionel Raymon (ID2) Editor Affiliations ID1. Harris County Institute of Forensic Scie ID2. Authors
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Anabolic Doping Agents Springer
Daniel A. von Deutsch D.D.S., Ph.D., M.S.C.R. (1) (2) Imad K. Abukhalaf Ph.D. (3) Rigobert LapuBula M.D., Ph.D. (4) Author Affiliations 1. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, NASA Space Medicine and Life Sciences Research Center, Clinical Research Center, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA 2. Department of Respiratory Therapy, Everest Institute, Decatur, GA, USA 3. King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia 4. Department of Medicine and the Clinical Research Center, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/9781617792229_15#
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