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AN OUTLINE OF ETHNOBOTANICAL RESEARCH IN INDIA. (1).ANDHRA .... Folk medicinal plants in M.P. State and 233 flowering plans reported. (11).
AN OUTLINE OF ETHNOBOTANICAL RESEARCH IN INDIA (1).ANDHRA PRADESH (7.8%) Sr. No.

Author

Year

Remarks

1.

Kaplan and Kapoor

1980

Karimnagar Dist.

2.

Singh et al.

1981

Mannaur Forest

3.

Hemadri et al.

1987

A.P. State and listed 211species.

4.

Reddy and Sudarsanam

1987

Chittor Dist.

5.

Reddy et al.

1989

Annantpur and Chittor Dist. 64 plants

6.

Chetty and Rao

1989

Sarakallu and Adjecent areas of Chittor Dist.

7.

Aruneekumar et al.

1990-91

Kakinada Dist. And listed 188 spp.

8.

Hemadri

1990-91

Karimnagar, Warangal & Kakulam Dist.

9.

Nagaraju and Rao

1990

A.P. State and listed 131 Speies.

10.

Vedavathy et al.

1991

Rayalseema and Listed 25 Species

1

Binu,S. et al. 1992

(2). ARUNACHAL PRADESH (69.8%) Sr. No.

Author

Year

Remarks

1.

Hajra

1977

Kameng Dist.

2.

Tiwari et al.

1978

Tirap Dist.

3.

Mudgal and Jain

1980

Mishmees tribes

4.

Dam and Hajra

1981

Monpas tribes of Kameng Dist.

5.

Singh and Anand

1983

Subansiri Dist. And listed 14 plant species

6.

Pal

1984

Subansiri Dist. And listed 129 plant species

7.

Nath and Bordoloi

1989

Tirap Dist. And noted 50 plant species

8.

Gangwar and Ramakrishnan

1990

Nishis, Hill Miris, Sulungs and Apatanis of Subansiri Dist.

2

Binu,S. et al. 1992

(3). ASSAM Sr. No.

Author

Year

Remarks

1.

Guha

1939

Assam State

2.

Paul

1956

Assam State

3.

Das and Sharma

1958-59

Mikirs tribes

4.

Bortakur

1976

Mikirs tribes and 43 plant species reported

5.

Bhattacharjee and Nair

1978

Assam and Meghalaya State

6.

Tiwari et al.

1980

Assam state

7.

Hajra and Baishya

1980

Miris tribe

8.

Bhattacharjee et al.

1980

Kamrup Dist.

9.

Boissya and Majumdar

1980

Brahmaputra valley

10.

Jain and Borthakur

1980

Mikirs tribes.

11.

Borthakur

1981

Karbis Hill tribes and reported 350 plants

12.

Hajra and Baishya

1980

Miris tribes.

13.

Borthkur

1981

Karbis (Mikirs) tribes

14.

Puri

1987

Texpur Dist. And reported 171 Medicinal plants

15.

Mahanta and Gogi

1988

Sonitpur Dist. Mentioned 72 species.

3

Binu,S. et al. 1992

(4).BIHAR (8.3%) Sr. No.

Author

Year

Remarks

1.

Bodding

1898, 1925 & 1927

Santals tribes

2.

Roy

1915

Oraon tribes of Chotanagpur Dist.

3.

Mitra

1920

North Bihar

4.

Vidyarthi

1963

Hill tribes of Bihar

5.

Jain and Tarafder

1970

Santhal tribes

6.

Upadhyaya

1970

North Bihar

7.

Pal

1972

Megido-religious plants of Bihar

8.

Pal and Srivastava

1976

Singhbhum Dist.

9.

Tarafder

1978

Vitex negundo as Insect repellent

10.

Sharma and Sinha

1980

Ranchi Dist.

11.

Sriwastawa and Verma

1981

Santhal Pargana and reported 110 spp.

12.

Tarafder and Raichaudhuri

1981

Hazaribagh Dist.and reported 50 plants

4

Binu, S. et al. 1992

Conti.

5

Sr. No.

Author

Year

Remarks

13.

Gupta

1981 a, b.

Mundas tribe of Chotanagpur and Asurs of Netarhat Dist.

14.

Tarafder

1983 a,b,c; 1984 a, b.

Ethnogynaecology of tribals in Bihar State.

15.

Tarafder

1983, 1984

Ranchi and Hazirabagh Dist.

16.

Goel et al.

1984

55 Tribal localities in Santhal Pargana.

17.

Goel et el.

1987

Birth control in Santhal Parganas.

18.

Singh

1987

Curing animal Diseases in Chotanagpur Dist.

19.

Chandra et al.

1989

Rajgiri Dist.

20.

Jain

1989

Saranda Forest

21.

Jha et al.

1989

Madhubani Dist.

22.

Prasad et al.

1990

Tharu tribes Champaran North Bihar

Binu,S. et al. 1992

(5). GUJARAT (14.2%) Sr. No.

Author

Year

Remarks

1.

Nath

1960

Bhills in Ratanmahal

2.

Shah

1964

Tribal of Gujarat State

3.

Bedi

1978

Ratan Mahal Hills

4.

Shah et al.

1981

Saurashtra Region and noted 133 plant species

5.

Joshi and Audichya

1981

Rajpipla Forest

6.

Shah and Gopal

1982

Ethnobotanical profiles of Dangies 145 species recorded

7.

Shah and Gopal

1985

Bhills, Gharasias, Dublas tribe in North Gujarat

8.

Shah and Gopal

1986

Folklore medicine

9.

Bhatt and Sabnis

1987

Khedbrahma region and 41 mentioned 41 species

10.

Joshi

1988

Reported 139 medicinal species in Gujarat State

11.

Kiran Dabas et el.

1990

Tribals in Dangs.

6

Binu,S. et al. 1992

(6.)HARYANA Sr. No.

Author

Year

Remarks

1.

Jain

1984

Haryana State. Morni and Kabser Hills in Ambala Dist. Reported 40 plant species.

2.

Lal and Yadav

1983

Kurukshetra Dist. Reoorted 69 species and 66 Prescriptions.

(7). HIMACHAL PRADESH (4.6%) Sr. No.

Author

Year

Remarks

1.

Gupta

1964

Chamba Forets Division

2.

Uniyal and Chauhan

1971

Uhal Valley in Kangra Forest Division

3.

Chauhan and Chauhan

1988

Transgiri region of Sirmour Dist.

4.

Kapahi

1990

Lahaul Dist.

7

Binu,S. et al. 1992

(8). JAMMU & KASHMIR Sr. No.

Author

Year

Remarks

1.

Raghunathan

1976 a.

Ladakh

2.

Srivastava et al.

1980

Kailash area

3.

Pathak and Karnik

1980

Sudh- Mahadeo region

4.

Gupta et al.

1980,1981

Phytochemical screening in Ladakh

5.

Gupta

1981

Jammu & Kashmir state

6.

Atal and Kapur

1982

Imp. Medicinal plant in Jammu & Kashmir state

7.

Dar et al.

1984

Kashmir- Sind Valley and Reported 57 species

8.

Virjee et al.

1984

Rajouri Dist. Noted 36 Medicinal plants

9.

Issar

1988

Ladakh region

10.

Singh and Sharma

1989

North West and Trans Himalaya

11.

Kumar and Nakshi

1990

Pirpanjal range of Banihal and Reported 52 plants

12.

Bhattacharya

1991

Ladakh region and Reported 57 species

13.

Kapur

1991

Dudu Valley and Reported 71 species

14.

Sharma

1991

Different Ethnic groups i.e. Phaaris, Gujjars, Bakarwals, Dards and Ladakhis.

8

Binu,S. et al. 1992

(9). KARNATAKA (4.9%) Sr. No.

Author

Year

Remarks

1.

Nayak

1965

Karnataka State

2.

Rao

1977, 1978

Medicobotany of Myssore

3.

Yoganarasimhan et al.

1982

Medicobotany of Thumkur Dist.

4.

Pushpalata et al.

1990

Banglore Dist. And enumerated 40 wild Medicinal Plants.

(10). KERALA (1%) Sr. No.

Author

Year

Remarks

1.

Pisharoti

1935

Kerala State

2.

Gnanambal

1952

Kerala State

3.

Mukherjee

1953

Kerala State

4.

Manilal

1981

Malabar region and Recorded 26 varities of Rice

5.

Manilal

1981

North Kerala (Hallucinogic Mashroom)

6.

Ramachandran and Nair

1981

Cannanore Dist. And Mentioned 93 species.

7.

Nagendra Prasad & Abraham

1984

Nayadis tribe of North Kerala

8.

Pushpangandan & Atal

1984

Western Ghat Kerala and Reported 79 species

9.

Pushpangandan & Atal

1986

Different Tribals in Kerala State

10.

Pushpangandan et al.

1988

Trichopus zeylanicus

11.

Pushpangandan et al.

1990

Jankia arayalpatra

12. 9

Rajsekharan et al.

1989

Aristolochia indica & Aristolochia tagala for Kani tribes of Agastyar Hills.

(11). MADHYA PRADESH (23%) Sr. No.

Author

Year

Remarks

1.

Roy et al.

1956

Baigas and Gonds Tribes of M.P. State

2.

Jain

1963

M.P. State and recorded 50 wild plants

3.

Jain

1965 a

Musical instruments of Gonds

4.

Jain

1965 b

Bastar Dist.

5.

Jain

1965 c

M.P. State

6.

Parmar

1978

Musical instruments in M.P. State

7.

Patel

1978

Gonds of Sagar Dist.

8.

Singh et al.

1980

Ujjain Dist.

9.

Bhalla et al.

1982

Discussed 98 medicinal plants

10.

Sahu

1982

Various disorder in woman tribal in M.P. State

11.

Mishra and Sahu

1984

Ethnomedicine planta in M.P. State

12.

Brijalal et al.

1985

Ethnobotanical uses of Lichen among Tribals.

13.

Rai

1987 a, b

16 species for Rheumatism and 22 species for tonic used by Gond and Bharia tribe

14.

Saxena

1988

88 species for Folk uses

15.

Oommachan and Masih

1989

Important medicinal plants recorded from Jabalpur Dist.

16

Shah and Singh

1990

Phytochemical uses of 24 plants

17.

Oommachan et al.

1990

61 Plants species from Pachmarhi

18.

Pandey et al.

1991

Folk medicine of Baiga tribes in Mandla Dist. And 25 species Mentioned

10 19.

Oommachan

1991

Folk medicinal plants in M.P. State and 233 flowering plans reported.

(12). MAHARASHTRA (9.2%) Sr. No.

Author

Year

Remarks

1.

Vartak and Gadgil

1981

Sacred groves in Maharashtra state

2.

Vartak

1959

Medicinal plants from Hilly region of Pune and satara Dist.

3.

Janardhanan

1963

Enumarated 65 species of Medicinal plants from Khed taluka.

4.

Malhotra and Mishara

1973

126 Medicinal plants from Chandrapur Dist.

5.

Vartak and Rekha

1975

Wild edible plants in Karnal Bird Sanctuary

6.

Kamble and Pradhan

1980

Ethnobotany of Korkus tribe of Akola Dist. And gave 13 species used by them.

7.

Vartak

1981

120 wild edible plants from Hilly region of Maharashtra and Goa

8.

Anandkumar, Kulkarni & Singh

1981

Medicinal and Economic plants from Pune

9.

Vartak and Mandavgane

1981

Medicinal plants from Karnala area of kolaba Dist.

10.

Gunjatkar and vartak

1982

Wild edible legumes of Pune Dist. 33 species recorded

11.

Vartak

1982

Ethnobotany of Maharashtra and Goa

12.

Shah et al.

1983

114 wild medicinal plants mentioned from Dahanu Forest Division

13.

Sharma and Malhotra

1984

Medicinal plants and its uses of 52 species

14.

Ved Prakash and Mehrotra

1987

Ethnobotanical uses 20 species of Khandala region

15.

Kumbhojkar and Vartak

1988

Sacred Groves of Western Maharashtra

16.

Yadav and Bhamare

1989

Ethnomedico-botany of Dhuke Forests and mentioned 46 species

17.

Sadhale et al.

1991

Sacred Goves at Ajiwali, Pune Dist. and reported 43 plant drugs

11

Binu,S. et al. 1992

(13). MANIPUR(27%) Sr. No.

Author

Year

Remarks

1.

Singh and Singh

1985

Wild Edible Plants sold in Marekt

2.

Elangbam et al.

1989

Recorded 36 medicinal plants by Tangkul Naga tribe of Ukhrul Dist.

3.

Sinha

1987

Botanical uses of 931 medicinal plants for 28 Diseases

(14). MEGHALAYA ( 80.6%) Sr. No.

Author

Year

Remarks

1.

Arora

1973

Adlay crop (Coix) in Meghalaya state

2.

Jain et al.

1977

Wild edible plants sold in market in Meghalaya

3.

Joseph and Kharkongor

1980

100 species ethnobotnically used by Khasi and Jaintia tribes

4.

Kumar et al.

1980

54 medicinal plants among Garo people around Balphakrah Sanctuary

5.

Rao and Neogi

1980

Ethnobotany of Garo and Khasi tribes in Meghalaya state

6.

Rao and Shanpru

1981

Reported different uses of plants species.

7.

Rao

1981

Ethnobotany of Garo and Khasi tribes and uses of 31 species.

8.

Yogendrakumar et al.

1987

Ethnobotany of State and reported 74 species used by jaintia tribes around Sohkha village.

9.

Neogi et al.

1989

65 weed species used by Khasi, Garo & Jaintia tribes in Meghalaya

10.

Rao

1989

30 herbal medicine species used by Garo tribes in Meghalaya.

12

Binu,S. et al. 1992

(15). NAGALAND (84%) Sr. No.

Author

Year

Remarks

1.

Rao and Jamir

1982

Ethnobotany of state and recorded 54 species used by Nagas

2.

Megoneisto and Rao

1983

Ethnobotany of state and recorded 62 Medicinal species used by Angami subtribe of Nagas in Kohima Dist

3.

Jamir and Rao

1990

50 Medicinal species used by Naga’s subtribe- Zealeng

4.

Jamir

1990

54 Medicinal species used by Nagas

5.

Rao and Jamir

1990

Ethnobotany of AO and Angami subtribe in Nagaland

(16). PUNJAB Sr. No.

Author

Year

Remarks

1.

Bhatnagar and Lall

1965

Tree symbol worship in Punjab

2.

Kakar

1973

Primitive Folks and Modern medicines

3.

Koelz

1979

Ethnobotany of Lahul

4.

Lal and Lata

1980

Plants used by Bhat community for regulating fertility.

13

Binu,S. et al. 1992

(17). ORISSA (22.4%) Sr. No.

Author

Year

Remarks

1.

Bhattacharya

1955

Plant remedies by Hill Sora(sawra) of Orissa

2.

Bebrta

1959

Concept of diseases and therapeutic prctices among Hill Saroes.

3.

Panigrahi

1963

Botanical survey of Gandhamardan Parbat

4.

Jain

1971

Megico-religious beliefs amomg tribals of Orissa state

5.

Rai Chaudhari et al.

1975

Ethnobotanical uses of 38 species from Orissa state

6.

Saxena and Dutta

1975

81 plant species used by rural folk

7.

Mudgal and Pal

1980

Medicinal plants used by tribals in Mayurbhanj

8.

Pal

1980

Explored folklore details of plants used in Veterinary medicine

9.

Saxena et al.

1981

Ethnobotany of 83 plants species

10.

Tribedi et al.

1982

Medicinal plants in Mayurbhanj

11.

Paul and Mudgal

1985

unreported medicinal uses of 22 plants used by Koraput tribals

12.

Sharma et al.

1986

Reported 72 plants for Gastro-intestinal disorder

13.

Das and Misra

1987

35 Medicinal plants used by tribals of Deomali and Adjcent areas in Koraput

14.

Das and Kant

1988

Ethnobotanical survey in Korapur Dist.

15.

Das and Misra

1988

Ethnobotanical informartion of Plant species

16.

Saxena et al.

1981

Ethnobotany of Similipahar forests of Mayurbhanj Dist.

17.

Brahamam and saxena

1990

Ethnobotany of Gandhamardan Hills amd reported 200 spp.

14 18.

Mukherjee and Namhata

1990

Medicinal plantlore in Sundargarh Dist.

(18). RAJASTHAN (12.2%) Sr. No.

Author

Year

Remarks

1.

Carstairs

1955

Medicine and Faith in Rural areas in Rajasthan

2.

Bhandari

1974

Famine foods in Rajasthan Desert

3.

Dixit and Mishra

1976

Medicinal plants of Ajmer forest division

4.

Billore and Bhatt

1978

Ethnobotanical lores of Ajmer area

5.

Singh and Pandey

1980

123 species in Medicinal plantlore in Eastern Rajasthan

6.

Joshi

1982

Preliminary ethnobotannical survey of the Bhills and 34 species Medicinal values

7.

Singh and Pandey

1982

42 species used in tribal’s Social life

8.

Sebastain and Bhandari

1984

Medico-ethobotany of Mount Abu

9.

Sebastine

1984

Plants used as Medicine by Different Tribals in Rajasthan

10.

Joshi

1985

Plants used by Tribals for weather indicators in Southern Rajasthan

11.

Sharma and Vyas

1989

Ethnobotany of 16 species reference to tribes in Rajasthan

12.

Sebastine and Bhandari

1988

Medicinal plantlore of Udaipur Dist. Recorded 73 species

13.

Joshi

1989

62 Medicinal plants for Herbal drug in Rajasthan

14.

Joshi

1991

19 species used in Guinea disease in Southarn Rajasthan

15.

Sharma

1990

Ethnometeorology of 10 species from Rajasthan

16.

Sharma

1991

Solanum surettense used in Hernia disease.

15

Binu,S. et al. 1992

(19). TAMIL NADU (1.1%) Sr. No.

Author

Year

Remarks

1.

Raghunathan

1976 b

Medicinal flora in Nilgiri region of tribal pockets

2.

Ramachandraa and Nair

1981

Ethnobotany of 138 species in Tamil Nadu

3.

Janki Ammal and Nagendra Prasad

1984

Ethnoboyany of Costus specious reference to Kannikkars tribes in Tamil Nadu

4.

Anandan and Veluchamy

1986

Folk medicine claim from North Arcot Dist

5.

Chelladuri

1987

Folk Medicinal value of Dolicus falcatus among Adivasis

6.

Laxmanan and Narayanan

1988

Folklore Medicine at Dhoomanoor and Chempakarari areas of Anaikatty Hills in coimbtore

7.

Vishwanathan

1989

Ethnobotany of Malayalis in Yelagiri hills of North Arcot Dist.

8.

Lakhamanan and Sankara Narayanan

1990

35 medicinal plants used as a Antifertility in Anaikatty hills

16

Binu,S. et al. 1992

(20). UTTAR PRADESH (0.23%) Sr. No.

Author

Year

Remarks

1.

De

1962

Folklore medicinal plants of Bhagirathi valley

2.

Nayar

1964

Medicinal plants of commercial in Uttar Pradesh

3.

Arya

1965

Plantlore of Western Uttar Pradesh

4.

Shaw and Joshi

1971

Ethnobotny of Kumaon region

5.

Shah

1975

Botanical drugs in Hills Dist.

6.

Mathela et al.

1979

Medicinal flora of Pitorgarh Dist

7.

Maheshwari et al.

1981

Ethnobotany of tharus tribes of Kheri Dist.

8.

Saxena and Vyas

1981

20 Species used by tribals of Banda Dist

9.

They

1983

60 medicinal plants of Dahan Valley

10.

Singh and Maheshwari

1983

Traditional Phytotherapy of Varanasi Dist. And 53 species recorded.

11.

Gaur and Semwal

1983

Wild Edible fruits from Garhwal

12.

Maheshwari and Singh

1984

Ethnobotany of Boxa tribe of Binjor and Puri in Garhwal Dist.

13.

Singh et al.

1985

Helicteres isora species for Tharus tribes in Kheri Dist.

14.

Singh and Maheshwari

1985

Forest life and Economy of Tribals of Varanasi Dist. And recorded 77 wild plants.

15.

Singh et al.

1987

Ethnomedicinal plants of Terai in Gorakhpur Dist. 34 species recorded.

16.

Pandey and Pangtey

1987

Described ferns from Kumaun Himalaya

17 17.

Rawat and Pangtey

1987

Ethnobotanical value from Alpine region of Kumaun.

Conti. Sr. No.

Author

Year

Remarks

18.

Maheshwari and Singh

1988

60 Medicinal plants for Herbal remedies in Allahabad Dist.

19.

Balodi

1988

Ethnobotany of Gori valley in Uttar Pradesh 12 plants noted

20.

Siddiqui et al.

1989

50 species of Pteridophytes and Angiosperms in skin diseases

21.

Harish Singh

1989

Urtica diocia used by Bhotias Chamoli-Garhwal.

22.

Mishra et al.

1989

Mediinal plants among Tharus tribes in Bahraich Dist.

23.

Singh and Dakre

1989

Medicinal Plants from Mathura Dist.

24.

Singh et al.

1989

Rural folk of Manipuri fosrests

25.

Singh and Maheshwari

1989

40 plants used for traditional herbal remedies by Tharus tribes of Bahraich Dist.

26.

Saxena and Tripathi

1989, 1990

Ethobotany of Bundelkhand Dist. 42 medicinal plants and 35 herbs reported.

27.

Harish Singh et al.

1990

Ethnobotanical importance of Gymnosperms in garhwal Himalaya

28.

Jain and Puri

1990

50 species used in Jaunsar-Bawar area of Uttar Pradesh

29.

Paliwal and Badoni

1990

Ethnobotany of Hill tribes of Uttarkashi and 170 spp. uses

30.

Singh and Maheshwari

1990

Botanical wealth of life and Economy of Tharus tribes of Nainital Dist. 200 species for their use.

18

Binu,S. et al. 1992

(21). WEST BENGAL (5.6%) Sr. No.

Author

Year

Remarks

1.

Ray

1922

Tree cult in Midanpur and Dinajpur Dist.

2.

Majumdar and Mitra

1925

Tree cult in Midanpur and Dinajpur Dist

3.

Bhattacharya

1950

Etnhogeographiacal significance in West Bengal

4.

Sanyal

1955

Toto tribs , Sub- Himalayan tribe

5.

Karan

1956

Tusu rituals and songs of extremes in West Bengal

6.

Mukherjee

1962

Santals tribes of West Bengal

7.

Jain and De

1964

Plants used as Foods in Purulia.

8.

De

1965

Plnts used as Fibres in Purulia

9.

Jain and De

1966

210 plants etnobotanically used by Tribals

10.

Pal

1970

Plants associated in Durga Pooja Ceremony.

11.

Gupta and Benerjee

1972

Plants used as Antifungal in West Bengal

12.

Chattopadhyay and Maji

1975

Medicinal trees of Bankura Dist.

13.

Cahaudhari and Pal

1975

Magico-religious plants among Lodhas of Midanpur Dist.

14.

Chaudhari Rai and Tribedi 1976

19

39 Medicinal plants used by tribal in 24 Paragans

Conti. Sr. No.

Author

Year

Remarks

15.

Dixit et al.

1978

Ferns edible and Mrdicinal value usedby tribals of Darjeeling.

16.

Dasgupta and Sarkar

1979

Ritual value of Paddy (Oryza sativa)

17.

Rai Chaudhari et al.

1982

Plants used in traditional medicine tribals of Jalpaiguri Dist.

18.

Das et al.

1983

84 species of Angiosperms from Totapora in Jalpaiguri Dsit.

19.

Mulla and Roy

1985

Medicinal plants used by Rabba tribals in various Diseases in Jalpaiguri

20.

Ghosh

1986

Ethnoboatnical survey in Cooch-Behar Dist.

21.

Mukherjee

1989

Herbal medicine in Bankura Dist.

22.

Pal and Jain

1989

40 species used in ehrbal remedies by Lodh tribes of Midanpur Dist.

23.

Sur et al.

1990

Ethnobotany fo West Malda in Dinajpur Dist., 59 species recorded for variuos diseases

24.

Thothatri et al.

1990

Ethnobotany of oil yielding plants in West Bengal

20

Binu,S. et al. 1992

(22). UNION TERRITORY (11.9%) Sr. No.

Author

Year

Remarks

1.

Thothathri

1966

Tonyoge plant (Orophea katchallica) used by Onges while Honey collection from forests

2.

Sangal

1971

Forest food of tribal population in Andaman and Nicobar Islands

3.

Bhargava

1981

Plants in folklore of Andaman and Nicobar .

4.

Bhargava

1983

Ethnobotany of Onges and reported 40 plants

5.

Dagar

1986

Plants used by Nicobarese for the Canoe and also mentonedTaboos and Totems

6.

Dagar and Dagar

1987

Ethnobotanical importance of 8 Gymnosperms species in A&N.

7.

Chakrabarty and Rao

1988

Ethnootany of shompens of great Nicobar and 79 species recorded used by Shompens

8.

Dagar

1989 a

Ethnobotany of Nicobarese and 10 Pteridophyte used by them.

9.

Dagar

1989 b

Folk medicine of Niobarese of Car Nicobar and 73 sepcies for therapuetic applications

11.

Dagar and Chagthai

1989

Tricosanthes bracteta usedny Nicobarese for Veterinary medicine

12.

Awasthy

1991 a

39 Poisonous plants from A & N used as Medicine

13.

Awasthy

1991 b

Ethnobotany of Negritos of Andaman & Nicobar and 89 species reported

14.

Dagar and Dagar

1991

Folk medicine of Nicobarese of Katchal and listed 65 species used as Therapuetic application

21

Binu,S. et al. 1992

OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE PUBLISHED IN ETHNOBOTANY IN INDIA

TABLE. 11. METHODOLOGY Sr. No.

22

Major Contributors with Author

Year

1.

SchulteS, R. E

1962

2.

Jain, S. K.

1964 b & 1967

3.

Raghavaiah, V.

1956

Jain, S. K. 1995

TABLE. 12. LARGE OR SMALL GEOGRAPHICAL AREA

23

Sr. No.

Major Contributors with Author

Year

1.

Bal, S. N.

1942

2.

Jain, S. K.

1963 a, b

3.

Shah, N. C. & Joshi, M. C.

1971

4.

Banerajee, D. K.

1974

5.

Bedi, S. J.

1978

6.

Bennet, S. S. R.

1978

7.

Koelz, W. N.

1978

8.

Boissya, C. K. & Majumdar, R.

1980

9.

Shah et al.

1981

10.

Issar, R. K.

1981

11.

Srivastava , D. K. & Verma, S. K.

1981

12.

Goel et al.

1984

13.

Dar et al.

1984 Jain, S. K. 1995

TABLE. 13. SELECTED TRIBES

24

Sr. No.

Major Contributors with Author

Year

1.

Bodding, P. O.

1925,1927 & 1940

2.

Hajra, P. K. and Baishya, A. K.

1980

3.

Kamble, S. Y. and Pradhan, S. G.

1980

4.

Jain, S. K. and Borthakur, S. K.

1980

Jain, S. K. 1995

TABLE. 14. INDIVIDUAL PLANTS AND PLANT GROUPS

25

Sr. No.

Major Contributors with Author

Year

1.

Hassan, I.

1967

2.

Neher, R. T.

1968

3.

Mishra, R. and Dixit, R. T.

1973

4.

Jain, S. K. and Banerjee, D. K.

1974

5.

Shah, N. C. and Kapoor, L. D.

1977

6.

Mudgal, V. and Jain, S. K.

1980

7.

Raju, D. C. S.

1980

8.

Chandler et al.

1982

9.

Dixit, R. D.

1982

10.

Sen et al.

1983

11.

Janki Ammal, E. K. and Prasad, P.

1984

12.

Mudgal et al.

1984 Jain, S. K. 1995

TABLE. 15. WILD PLANT FOOD, DRINKS.

26

Sr. No.

Major Contributors with Author

Year

1.

King, G.

1869

2.

Behura, N. K.

1962

3.

Jain, S. K.

1964d

4.

Bhandari, M. M.

1974

5.

Pal, D. C. and Banerjee, D. K.

1971

6.

Chaudhari et al.

1977

7.

Gaur, R. D.

1977

8.

Sengupta, P. N.

1956

9.

Roy, J. K.

1978

10.

Devbarman, M .

1976 Jain, S. K. 1995

TABLE. 16. MEDICINAL PLANTS, HALLUCINOGENS, POISONOUS PLANTS, DYES

27

Sr. No.

Major Contributors with Author

Year

1.

De, A. C.

1962

2.

Jain ,S. K.

1965b

3.

Kapoor et al.

1971

4.

Rao, R. R.

1977

5.

Majumdar et al.

1978

6.

Mudgal, V. and Pal, D. C.

1980

7.

Rao, R. R.

1981

8.

Rao, R. R. and Jamir, N. S.

1982 a,b

9.

Lal, S. D. and Lata, K.

1980

10.

Tewari et al.

1982

11.

Tarafdar et al.

1983 a,b

12.

Thothathri et al.

1985

13.

Pal, D. C.

1980 Jain, S. K. 1995

TABLE. 17. DISEASE WISE

28

Sr. No.

Major Contributors with Author

Year

1.

Menon, C. K.

1919

2.

Biswas, K.

1956

3.

Das, M. B. and Sharma, T. C.

1958-59

4.

Pal, D. C.

1973

5.

Goel, A. K .and Bhattacharya, U. C.

1981

6.

Hemadri, K.

1981

7.

Saxena, A. P. and Vyas, K. N.

1981

8.

Khan, S. S. and Chagatai, S. A.

1982 Jain, S. K. 1995

TABLE. 18. SCRUTINY OF LITERATURE/ HERBARIA Sr. No.

Major Contributors with Author

Year

1.

Jain, S. K. and Tarafdar, C. R.

1970

2.

Keng, H.

1974

3.

Chaudhari et al.

1977, 1980

4.

Manilal, K .S.

1981

5.

Sensarma, P.

1982 & 1984

TABLE. 19. ARTS AND CRAFTS

29

Sr. No.

Major Contributors with Author

Year

1.

Mani, S. B.

1964

2.

Jain, S. K.

1964 a, c

3.

Jain, S. K.

1965

4.

Mehra et al.

1975

5.

Parmar, S.

1978 Jain, S. K. 1995

TABLE. 20. NOMENCLATURE AND VERNACULAR NAMES Sr. No.

Major Contributors with Author

Year

1.

Jain. S. K.

1963 c

2.

Berlin, B.

1971

3.

Manilal, K. S.

1980

TABLE. 21. CONVERSATIONAL PRCTICES

30

Sr. No.

Major Contributors with Author

Year

1.

Gadgil, M. & Vartak, V. D.

1973 & 1976

2.

Pal, D. C. & Mudgal, V.

1985

Jain, S. K. 1995

TABLE. 22. PALAEOETHNOBOTANY Sr. No.

Major Contributors with Author

Year

1.

Sithole, R. V.

1976

TABLE. 23. BIBLIOGRAPHY AND DICTIONARY

31

Sr. No.

Major Contributors with Author

Year

1.

Sengupta, S. and Parmar, S.

1967

2.

Anonymous

1984

Jain, S. K. 1995

FIG. 2. ETHNOBOTANICAL PUBLICATIONS W.R.T TO SPECIFIC MAJOR DISEASES IN PERCENTAGE

PERCENTAGE PUBLICATIONS ON DISEASE WISE ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDIES

17% 34%

Family Planning Skin Diseases Intestinal Infections

21%

Liver Disorders

28%

32

Jain, S. K. & Sumita Srivastava, 2001

FIG. 4. PERCENTAGE OF ETHNO BOTANICAL PUBLICATIONS ON SELECTED TRIBES OF INDIA (1990-2010) PERCENTAGE OF ETHNO BOTANICAL PUBLICATIONS ON SELECTED TRIBES OF INDIA (1990-2010) Khasi Mikir 5% 5% Gond 5% Sahariya Bhoxa 12% Bhil 6% 11% Irulars Naga 6% 11%

Garo 7%

33

Baiga 6%

Tharu 11% Nicobarese 7%

Santhal 8%

Jain, S. K. & Sumita Srivastava, 2001

FIG. 6. PERCENTAGE CONTRIBUTION OF INDIAN STATES IN ETHNO BOTANICAL LITERATURES PERCENTAGE CONTRIBUTION OF INDIAN STATES IN ETHNO BOTANICAL LITERATURES Kerala 4%

Tamilnadu 5% Assam 6%

U.P 15%

Maharashtra 7%

M.P 11%

J&K 8% Bengal 8%

34

Rajasthan 11% Bihar 8% Orissa 8%

Andhra Pradesh 9%

Jain, S. K. & Sumita Srivastava, 2001

FIG. 8. TOP FAMILIES WITH MAXIMUM SPECIES USED IN EVP MEDICINES PERCENTAGE BREAK UP - 1 TOP FAMILIES WITH MAXIMUM SPECIES USED IN EVP MEDICINES - PERCENTAGE BREAK UP - 1 RANUNCULACEAE 5% SOLANACEAE 5%

VERBENACEAE 5%

CUCURBITACEAE 5%

FABACEAE 28%

ARACEAE 7% ASTERACEAE 11%

LAMIACEAE 7% RUBIACEAE 7%

35

POACEAE 10% EUPHORBIACEAE 10%

Jain, S. K. 2003

FIG. 9. TOP FAMILIES WITH MAXIMUM SPECIES USED IN EVP MEDICINES PERCENTAGE BREAK UP - 2 TOP FAMILIES WITH MAXIMUM SPECIES USED IN EVP MEDICINES PERCENTAGE BREAK UP - 2 POLYGONACEAE 8% ASCLEPIADACEAE 8%

APIACEAE 12%

APOCYNACEAE 12%

RUTACEAE 9% ROSACEAE 9% ACANTHACEAE 9%

MORACEAE 12% MALVACEAE 11%

ZINGIBERACEAE/SCI TAMINACEAE 10%

36

Jain, S. K. 2003

FIG. 10. LARGEST FAMILIES IN HUMAN ETHNO MEDICINES WITH MAXIMUM SPECIES - PERCENTAGE BREAK UP - 1 LARGEST FAMILIES IN HUMAN ETHNO MEDICINES WITH MAXIMUM SPECIES - PERCENTAGE BREAK UP - 1 POLYGONACEAE 4% RANUNCULACEAE 5% APIACEAE 5% ACANTHACEAE 5% ROSACEAE 6% LAMIACEAE 7% RUBIACEAE 7% POACEAE 9%

37

CUCURBITACEAE 4%

FABACEAE 23%

ASTERACEAE 15%

EUPHORBIACEAE 10%

Jain, S. K. 2003

FIG. 11. LARGEST FAMILIES IN HUMAN ETHNO MEDICINES WITH MAXIMUM SPECIES -PERCENTAGE BREAK UP - 2 LARGEST FAMILIES IN HUMAN ETHNO MEDICINES WITH MAXIMUM SPECIES -PERCENTAGE BREAK UP - 2 ZINGIBERACEAE/SCI TAMINACEAE 10% LILIACEAE 13% RUTACEAE 10% CONVOLVULACEAE 10%

MALVACEAE 12%

MORACEAE 12% ASCLEPIADACEAE 10%

SOLANACEAE 11%

38

VERBENACEAE 12%

Jain, S. K. 2003

FIG. 12. LARGEST 10 GENERA USED IN EVP MEDICINES BY NO. OF SPECIES PERCENTAGE BREAK UP LARGEST 10 GENERA USED IN EVP MEDICINES BY NO. OF SPECIES PERCENTAGE BREAK UP Prunus 8% Curcuma 8% Euphorbia Crotolaria 15% 8% Ficus 14% Arisaema 8% Solanum 9% Polygonum 9% 39

Cassia 10%

Acacia 11%

Jain, S. K. 2003

FIG.TABLE. 12. LARGEST 10 GENERA USED IN HUMAN ETHNO MEDICINES BY NO. OF SPECIES - PERCENTAGE BREAK UP LARGEST 10 GENERA USED IN HUMAN ETHNO MEDICINES BY NO. OF SPECIES - PERCENTAGE BREAK UP Arisaema 5%

Curcuma 6%

Crotolaria 7%

Polygonum 18%

Solanum 7%

Ficus 17%

Prunus 8% Cassia 7%

40

Acacia 10%

Euphorbia 15%

Jain, S. K. 2003

FIG. 14. 10 LARGEST GENERA USED IN HUMAN ETHNO MEDICINES PERCENTAGE BREAK UP 10 LARGEST GENERA USED IN HUMAN ETHNO MEDICINES Acacia 8% Syzygium 8%

Polygonum 14% Rubia 8% Ficus 13%

Piper 8%

Euphorbia 12%

Ipomoea 9%

Dioscorea 9%

41

Solanum 11% Jain, S. K. 2003

FIG. 15. TOP SPECIES USED IN EV MEDICINES IN > 5 DISEASES PERCENTAGE BREAK UP - 1 TOP SPECIES USED IN EV MEDICINES IN > 5 DISEASES PERCENTAGE BREAK UP - 1

9%

Tinospora cordifolia

14%

Azadirachta indica

9%

Cucruma longa

14%

10%

Phyllanthus emblica Zingiber officinale

10%

12% 11%

42

Abrus precatorius

Calotropis gigantea Asparagus racemosus

11%

Trachyspermum ammi

Jain, S. K. 2003

FIG. 16. TOP SPECIES USED IN EV MEDICINES IN > 5 DISEASES PERCENTAGE BREAK UP - 2 TOP SPECIES USED IN EV MEDICINES IN > 5 DISEASES PERCENTAGE BREAK UP - 2 Allium sativum

12%

Mucuna pruriens/Mucuna prurita

14%

Cassia fistula

11%

14%

Vitex negundo Alstonia scholaris

11% 14%

11%

43

Datura metal Madhuca longifolia

13%

Piper nigrum

Jain, S. K. 2003

FIG. 17. TOP SPECIES USED IN HUMAN ETHNO MEDICINES IN > 5 DISEASES: PERCENTAGE BREAK UP - 1 TOP SPECIES USED IN HUMAN ETHNO MEDICINES IN > 5 DISEASES: PERCENTAGE BREAK UP - 1 Vitex negundo

8% 8%

Calotropis gigantea

13%

Azadirachta indica Abrus precatorius

9%

13%

Cassia fistula Datura metal

10% 13%

13%

13%

Cucruma longa Phyllanthus emblica Mucuna pruriens/Mucuna prurita

44

Jain, S. K. 2003

FIG. 18. TOP SPECIES USED IN HUMAN ETHNO MEDICINES IN > 5 DISEASES - PERCENTAGE BREAK UP - 2

TOP SPECIES USED IN HUMAN ETHNO MEDICINES IN > 5 DISEASES - PERCENTAGE BREAK UP - 2

6%

11%

Asparagus racemosus

16%

Zingiber officinale Tinospora cordifolia

14%

12%

Alstonia scholaris Madhuca longifolia Allium sativum

13%

14%

Trachyspermum ammi Piper nigrum

14%

45

Jain, S. K. 2003

FIG. 19. TOTAL SPECIES USED AS ETV MEDICINES TO CURE MAJOR DISEASES - PERCENTAGE BREAK UP - 1 TOTAL SPECIES USED AS ETV MEDICINES TO CURE MAJOR DISEASES PERCENTAGE BREAK UP - 1

WOUNDS

GALACTAGOGUE

6%

DIARRHOEA

7% 27%

7%

BONE FRACTURE

7%

SORE

8%

11% 8% 9%

46

DYSENTERY

10%

FEVER POISON SWELLINGS ULCER

Jain, S. K. 2009

FIG. 20. TOTAL SPECIES USED AS ETV MEDICINES TO CURE MAJOR DISEASES - PERCENTAGE BREAK UP - 2 TOTAL SPECIES USED AS ETV MEDICINES TO CURE MAJOR DISEASES PERCENTAGE BREAK UP - 2 STOMACH DISORDERS

8% 8%

INDIGESTION

14%

ANTHELMINTIC

FOOT & MOUTH DISEASE

8%

13%

THROAT INFECTIONS LICE

9% 11%

COUGH CUTS

9%

10%

10%

DYSPEPSIA EYE DISEASES

47

Jain, S. K. 2009

FIG. 21. TOTAL SPECIES USED AS ETV MEDICINES TO CURE MAJOR DISEASES - PERCENTAGE BREAK UP - 3 TOTAL SPECIES USED AS ETV MEDICINES TO CURE MAJOR DISEASES PERCENTAGE BREAK UP - 3

SKIN DISEASES

8%

LACTATION

13%

8%

LIVER INFECTION

11%

9%

GASTRIC PROBLEMS

11%

9%

INJURIES RINDERPEST TONIC

9%

11%

11%

48

CONSTIPATION

MOUTH DISEASES SCABIES Jain, S. K. 2009

FIG. 22. TOTAL SPECIES USED AS ETV MEDICINES TO CURE MAJOR DISEASES - PERCENTAGE BREAK UP - 4 TOTAL SPECIES USED AS ETV MEDICINES TO CURE MAJOR DISEASES PERCENTAGE BREAK UP - 4 BRONCHITIS

9%

MASTITIS

11%

RHEUMATISM

9% 11%

APPETIZER

9% 11%

VERMIFUGE DISLOCATED BONE

9% 11%

10% 10%

49

URINARY DISEASES

EXTERNAL PARASITE SNAKE BITES ANTHRAX

Jain, S. K. 2009

FIG. 23. TOTAL SPECIES USED AS ETV MEDICINES FOR MAJOR DISEASES - PERCENTAGE BREAK UP - 5 TOTAL SPECIES USED AS ETV MEDICINES FOR MAJOR DISEASES PERCENTAGE BREAK UP - 5

ANTISEPTIC 10%

COLIC

10%

10%

DELIVERY

10%

EXPEL FOETUS INFLAMMATION

10%

10%

INSECTICIDE

RABIES 10%

10% 10%

10%

ANTIDOTE

BOILS REMOVAL PLACENTA

50

Jain, S. K. 2009

FIG. 24. TOTAL NO. OF SPECIES USED FOR MAJOR HUMAN DISEASES BY TRIBALS PERCENTAGE BREAK UP 1 TOTAL NO. OF SPECIES USED FOR MAJOR HUMAN DISEASES BY TRIBALS PERCENTAGE BREAK UP 1 Edible

5%

Intestinal diseases

5%

Boils

17%

5%

Fever

7%

Skin diseases

10%

7%

Pain relievers

10%

8%

8% 9%

51

Injuries

9%

Lung diseases

Joint diseases Digestive problems Snake bite

Swellings

Jain, S. K. 2011

FIG. 25. TOTAL NO. OF SPECIES USED FOR MAJOR HUMAN DISEASES BY TRIBALS PERCENTAGE BREAK UP -2 TOTAL NO. OF SPECIES USED FOR MAJOR HUMAN DISEASES BY TRIBALS - PERCENTAGE BREAK UP -2

6% 10% 6% 7%

10%

8%

10%

8% 9%

8% 9%

52

9%

Eye diseases Tonic Veneral diseases Urinary complaints Liver complaints Dental problems Asthma Child birth Abortifacient Bronchitis Menstrual complaints Anthelmintic Jain, S. K. 2011

FIG. 26. TOTAL NO. OF SPECIES USED FOR MAJOR HUMAN DISEASES BY TRIBALS PERCENTAGE BREAK UP 3 TOTAL NO. OF SPECIES USED FOR MAJOR HUMAN DISEASES BY TRIBALS PERCENTAGE BREAK UP 3

7%

9%

8%

9%

8% 9%

8% 9%

8% 8%

53

9% 8%

Purgative Piles Vermifuge Burns Antifertility Bone fractures Eruptions Malaria Bites Blood purifier Dropsy Leprosy Jain, S. K. 2011

FIG. 27. TOTAL NO. OF SPECIES USED FOR MAJOR HUMAN DISEASES BY TRIBALS PART 4 TOTAL NO. OF SPECIES USED FOR MAJOR HUMAN DISEASES BY TRIBALS - PART 4

7%

9%

8%

9%

8%

9% 8%

9%

8% 8%

54

9% 8%

Vomiting Antidote Ear complaints Refrigerant Throat infections Hair care Spleen complaints Epilepsy Oedema Scorpions bites Tuberclosis Small pox

Jain, S. K. 2011

FIG. 28. TOTAL NO. OF SPECIES USED FOR MAJOR HUMAN DISEASES BY TRIBALS PART 5 TOTAL NO. OF SPECIES USED FOR MAJOR HUMAN DISEASES BY TRIBALS - PART 5 Haemostat

8% 8%

Diuretic

12%

Kidney problems

10%

8%

Cancer

Lactation problems

10%

8%

Convulsions and Fits Nervine diseases

9%

9% 9%

9%

Blood Sugar Masticatory Mental diseases Astringent

55

Jain, S. K. 2011

FIG. 29. TOTAL NO. OF SPECIES USED FOR MAJOR HUMAN DISEASES BY TRIBALS PERCENTAGE BREAK UP - PART 6 TOTAL NO. OF SPECIES USED FOR MAJOR HUMAN DISEASES BY TRIBALS -PERCENTAGE BREAK UP - PART 6 Paralysis

8%

12%

Sprains

8%

Leucorrhoea

12%

9%

Impotence

11%

9%

Cardiac complaints Hysteria

11%

9%

11%

56

Whooping cough

Leucoderma Fistula Stimulants

Jain, S. K. 2011

FIG. 30. TOTAL NUMBER OF PLANTS USED BY TRIBALS FOR NON MEDICINAL USES PERCENTAGE BREAK UP TOTAL NUMBER OF PLANTS USED BY TRIBALS FOR NON MEDICINAL USES - PERCENTAGE BREAK UP

Insecticidal 7%

Wood 6%

Aromatics 8%

Symbolic 30%

Fish Poison 10%

Ornaments 10%

57

Dyes 12%

Fibre 17%

Jain, S. K. 2011