Conclusion: Every tenth individual in a population of diabetes mellitus could be anemic. ... and macrovascular complications of diabetes.1 Anemia can.
Original Article
Anemia and Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Padmaja Kumari Rani1, Rajiv Raman1, Sudhir R Rachepalli 2, Swakshyar Saumya Pal1, Vaitheeswaran kulothungan 2, Praveena Lakshmipathy 3, Uthra Satagopan 3, Govindasamy Kumaramanickavel 3, Tarun Sharma 1
Abstract Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of anemia in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its role as a risk factor for the presence and the severity of diabetic retinopathy, in a population based study. Methods: In all 5999 subjects from the general population aged >40 years were enumerated for the study. A total of 1414 persons identified with diabetes underwent comprehensive eye examination, and stereoscopic digital fundus photography was used for diabetic retinopathy grading. All patients underwent hemoglobin estimation for detection of anemia. Univariate and multivariate analyses were done to determine the independent risk factors for anemia. Results: The prevalence of anemia (Hb 69 Albuminuria Normoalbuminuria Microalbuminuria Macroalbuminuria Duration of DM 5 years Blood Pressure (BP) Systolic BP 140 mm of Hg Diastolic BP 90 mm of Hg Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) Absence of DR Presence of DR Non-Sight threatening DR Sight threatening DR
Anemia Absent n=1240 (87.7%) n (%)
Anemia Present n=174 (12.3%) n (%)
663 (88.4) 577 (86.9)
87 (11.6) 87(13.1)
362 (91.9) 440 (88.4) 309 (85.8) 129 (79.6)
32 (8.1) 58 (11.6) 51 (14.2) 33 (21.4)
0.001
1017 (88.4) 194 (85.8) 29 (76.3)
133 (11.6) 32 (14.2) 9 (23.7)
0.053
745 (91.0) 495 (83.2)
74 (9.0) 100 (16.8)
0.001
616 (87.6) 624 (87.8) 848 (86.7) 392 (89.9)
87 (12.4) 87 (12.2) 130 (13.3) 44 (10.1)
0.936
1036 (89.4) 204 (80.0) 175 (81.4) 29(63.6)
123 (10.6) 51(20.0) 40 (18.6) 11 (27.5)
P Variables Age group (years) Mean age ± SD (years) 40-49 50-59 60-69 >69 Hemoglobin (g/dl) Mean Hb ± SD (g/dl) < 11 11 - 12 12 - 13 Albuminuria Normoalbuminuria Microalbuminuria Macroalbuminuria Duration of DM 5 years Blood Pressure (BP) Systolic BP < 140 mm of Hg > 140 mm of Hg Diastolic BP 90 mm of Hg
