Bulletin UASVM Animal Science and Biotechnologies, 66 (1-2)/2009 Print ISSN 1843-5262; Electronic ISSN 1843-536X
Researches Concerning the Possibilities to Improve the Quality of the Carcasses of the Sheep Obtained through Cross-Breeding Constantin PASCAL, Mihaela IVANCIA, Ioan GILCA University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Iasi, Romania;
[email protected] Abstract. The researches have been made in 2007 year and principal goal was obtaining of half-breed lambs with very good aptitudes for the production of meat. In this goal, on the paternal line there have been used male sires from the Texel breeds and on the maternal line there were used local females from the Merinos de Palas, Tigaie and Turcana races. The obtained lambs have been left together with the mother sheep until the age of 60 days when the weaning. From that moment been made the homogeneous lots witch were submissive to an intensive technology of fattening with a total duration of 85 days, from witch: for starting, 60 days for fattening and15 days for finishing. At the finish of the fattening period it was established that the half–breed lots have made daily average increases and implicitly the superior corporal weights with over 20% in comparative with those witness, the constant differences have been significant statistically talking for p>0,01. After finalizing the fating there were made control slaughter, and from the important objectives that were in mind we remember: the determination of weight and the frame to structure carcasses, of the efficiency from the sacrifice, of the rapport between the basic tissues, and the fineness of the muscular fibers and the surface of the eye from the muscle. After the statistical processing of the efficiency dates at sacrifice, there have been registered different that were assured statistically, significant between the Texel x Merinos de Palas and Texel x Turcana lots (p>5%) and very significant between the Texel x Merinos de Palas and Texel x Tigaie lots (p>1%), and in the other difference cases were established unsignificant for p5%) and very significant differences (P>1%) between different studied characters. c. Muscle eye surface. The muscle eye surface have been determined between 5th-6th ribs and between last and last but one ribs. There are insignificant differences between different methods (planimetters, polish and determinations with graduated grid for this character (Hillers J.K., quoted by Miresan Vioara, Pascal C, Tafta V). For determinations made between 5th-6th ribs, the highest values were to Texel × Tigaie hybrids (tab. 4) and the lowest values were to Romanian lots (Turcana, 6.07 cm2 and Turcna, 6.41 cm2). To the Tigaia lambs, the muscle eye surface determined between last and last but one ribs was 12.64 cm2, lower value than value of Texel × Tigaie hybrid lot (19.23%). All these
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values typical of Tigaia breed are closely values determined by Miresan Vioara in 1979 for same breed. Tab. 3 The structure of the carcass (kg) Meat Lots Merinos de Palas Tigaie Turcana Texel x M. Palas Texel x Tigaie Texel x Turcana
Bones
Fat
x ± sx
V%
x ± sx
V%
x ± sx
V%
12.440 ± 0.131 11.710 ± 0.364 6.930 ± 1.180 16.800 ± 0.234 15.170 ± 0.790 12.350 ± 0.803
7.08 5.10 13.5 5.12 5.33 6.25
3.220 ± 0.096 3.010 ± 0.295 2.370 ± 0.310 3.900 ± 0.243 3.675 ± 0.295 3.380 ± 0.075
6.45 9.79 14.9 5.97 8.40 6.04
1.190 ± 0.116 1..320 ± 0.155 1.140 ± 0.119 2.720 ± 0.211 2.523 ± 0.184 2.440 ± 0.123
5.47 11.08 12.71 7.62 8.89 7.12
Raport Bones/ meat 1/3.86 1/3.89 1/2.92 1/4.30 1/4.15 1/3.65
Muscle eye surface determination is very important for muscle weight in carcass and between this character and total meat quantity in carcass are high positive correlations. This fact has been confirmed by our researches, too. From quantitative view point, the muscle weights were higher to that hybrids have a higher muscle eye surface between 5th-6th ribs and between last and last but one, muscle eye surface determined on Turcana lambs slaughter was 6.07 cm2 and 12.05 cm2 (both values were lower than values for Texel × Turcana sacrificed lambs). Tab. 4 Average value and variability of muscle eye surface (cm2)
Lots
n
Merinos de Palas Tigaie Turcana Texel x M. Palas Texel x Tigaie Texel x Turcana
14 14 14 14 14 14
Muscle eye surface between 5th-6th ribs between last and last but one ribs x ± sx x ± sx V% V% 8.040 ± 0.290 7.22 14.560 ± 0.599 8.23 6.410 ± 0.220 6.87 12.440 ± 0.398 6.41 6.070 ± 0.259 8.55 12.050 ± 0.550 9.13 8.120 ± 0.400 9.87 14.580 ± 0.596 9.52 8.660 ± 0.320 7.41 15.650 ± 0.609 8.04 7.870 ± 0.375 9.53 13.130 ± 0.639 9.89
Muscle fibers fineness. Tafta V. researches (1983) show the muscle fibers diameter increase at the same time with age, to sheep. But, Alexoiu Victoria researches (1968) praise a homogenizing trend of muscle fibers diameter to age sheep over 200 days. Our researches show the muscle fibers diameter determined on Longissimus dorsi muscle samples has different values depending on breed and hybrids lot (tab. 5). Tigaie breed and 33.65 µ to samples from Turcana breed lambs carcasses. Muscle fibers diameter draw from hybrids lots carcasses decrease in all situations comparing with values determined on witness lots lambs. From studying results we can see to Texel x Turcana hybrids lot the most significant decreasing of muscle fibers diameter comparing with witness lot values.
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Tab. 5 Average values and variability of muscle fibers diameter on Longissimus dorsi muscle samples (µ) Muscle fibers diameter
Lots Merinos de Palas Tigaie Turcana Texel x M. Palas Texel x Tigaie Texel x Turcana
x ± sx
V%
32.850 ± 0.520 32.440 ± 0.657 33.650 ± 0.517 31.140 ± 0.557 30.950 ± 0.441 31.550 ± 0.492
11.21 14.33 10.87 12.65 10.95 11.04
CONCLUSIONS From the data presented in the present paper, it comes out that the simple industrial crossing of the Texel rams with autochthonous sheep from Romania are an efficient means of improving the quantitative and qualitative meat production. In conditions of intensive fattening regarding the specific consumption and daily average increase the heterozygosis which was manifested was an obvious one. 1. The Texel x Tigaie carcasses are more weight with 19.8% comparing with pure breed Tigaie carcasses weight. 2. For Turcana breed carcasses weight (9.680 kg) is about 65.7% from lamb carcase weight of Texel x Turcana hybrids. 3. Texel x Tigaie hybrids had a slaughter efficiency more with 5.15% comparing value for pure breed Tigaie lambs lot. 4. The Texel x Turcana hybrids have higher proportions of muscle weight and superior values for bones/meat report. 5. Texel x Tigaie hybrids have 8.66 cm2 muscle eye surface between 5th and 6th ribs and are the highest value. The lowest values are 6.07 cm2 and 6.41 cm2 to Tigaie witness lot and Turcana witness lot. 6. The lowest values were to carcasses samples from hybrids lambs obtained from industrial mating of local sheep with Texel rams. In this way, the muscle fibers diameter was 30.95 µ to Texel x Tigaie hybrids lot, to Texel x Merinos from Palas was 31.14 µ and it was 31.55 µ to Texel x Turcana hybrids. The success of these actions deppendes of the participant rases choice, and in case of the present researches the Texel rase has prooven to be very well chosen because has manifested a high level of combination with the principal sheep breeds raised in Romania, contribuing to improve of the frames conformation and at the principale caracters and features of witch the meat qualite depends on. REFERENCES 1. Alexoiu Victoria (1986). Performante productive specifice metisilor rezultati din incrucisarea oilor locale cu berbeci din rase de carne. Lucrari Stiintifice I.C.C.O.C. Palas-Constanta, vol IV, 55-63. 2. Draganescu, C. (1964). Heterozisul in ameliorarea animalelor. Edit. Agro-Silvica. Bucuresti. 3. Kvame T. and O. Vangen (2006). In-vivo composition of carcass regions in lambs of two genetic lines, and selection of CT positions for estimation of each region, Small Ruminant Research 66 201–208. 4. Maxa J., E. Norberg, P. Berg, J. Pedersen, (2005). Genetic parameters for growth traits and litter size in Danish Texel, Shropshire, Oxford Down and Suffolk. Small Ruminant Research, Volume 68, Issue 3, 312-317.
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5. Miresan Vioara (1979). Contributii la cunoasterea aptitudinilor pentru productia de carne a raselor Merinos de Palas, Tzigaie and Turcana. Lucrari stiintifice IACN, vol 2, 143-146. 6. Näsholm A. and Ö. Danell (1996). Genetic relationship of lamb weight, maternal ability, and mature ewe weight in Swedish Finewool sheep, J. Anim. Sci. 74, 329–339. 7. Pascal C., Gilca I., Ivancia M, Stancescu L., Iftimie N., (2009). Rsearches on the nursing capacity of Merinos of Palas sheep in growth from the North-Eastern part of Romania, Middle-European Buiatrics Congress, Folia Veterinaria, ISSN 0015-5748, p 306-311. 8. Pascal C., Gilca I., Ivancia M., Padeanu I., Costica C., Plesca V, (2009). Researches regarding the productive capacity of half-breeds f1 obtained in România from the crossing of Tigaie sheep with Blackhead Pleven breed rams, IVth Balkan Conference of Animal Science, Stara Zagora-Bulgaria, Trakia Journal of Sciences, ISSN 1312-1723, p155-160. 9. Pascal C., Stan V. (2004). The meat production and them importance for invigoration of sheep growing. Lucrari Stiintifice, vol. 47, Seria Zootehnie, USAMV Iasi, p. 408-414, ISSN 1454-7368. 10. Pascal C. (1999). Results of intensive breeding of half breeds obtained through the cross between the sheep from indigenous breeds and the rams from Texel breed. Lucrari Stiintifice, vol. 41/42, Seria Zootehnie, USAMV Iasi, 144- 147, ISSN 1454-7368. 11. Tafta V. (1983). Cresterea intensiva a ovinelor. Editura Ceres, Bucharest. 12. Pascal C., Mihaela Ivancia, Gîlcă I., Nacu G., Maciuc V. (2008). Researches regarding the meat quality in young sheep from the Romanian local breed. International Symposium on Agricultural and Rural Development ″Safe Food-Plant and Animal Production, Management, Market″, 18 – 20 september, BydgoszczTorun, Polonia, Book of abstract, ISBN 978-83-61314-24-0, p 58. 13. Pascal C., Ivancia M., Gilca I. (2008). Researches regarding the industrial meating effect between Texel rams and the principal sheep breeds from Romania. 9 the Middle European Buiatrics Congres, 6-11 July, ISBN 978-963-87942-0-8, p 260 – 264.
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