New Delhi 110021, India [email protected] [email protected]. Subhasis Haldar. Department of Physics. Motilal Nehru College. University of Delhi.
$V\PPHWULF9DFXXP*DWH'LHOHFWULF6FKRWWN\ %DUULHU*DWH$OO$URXQG026)(7IRU$PELSRODULW\ 5HGXFWLRQDQG,PSURYHG+RW&DUULHU5HOLDELOLW\ 0DQRM.XPDU0ULGXOD*XSWD
6'5/'2(6 8QLYHUVLW\RI'HOKL6RXWK&DPSXV 1HZ'HOKL,QGLD PDQRMXLHW#JPDLOFRP PULGXOD#VRXWKGXDFLQ
6XEKDVLV+DOGDU
56*XSWD
'HSDUWPHQWRI3K\VLFV 'HSDUWPHQWRI(OHFWURQLFVDQG 0RWLODO1HKUX&ROOHJH &RPPXQLFDWLRQ(QJLQHHULQJ 8QLYHUVLW\RI'HOKL 0DKDUDMD$JUDVHQ,QVWLWXWHRI 1HZ'HOKL,QGLD 7HFKQRORJ\1HZ'HOKL VXEKDVLVBKDOGDU#UHGLIIPDLOFRP UVJXSWD #JPDLOFRP $EVWUDFW²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²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a FP >@ 6%*$$ 026)(7 DOVR UHVROYHV WKH 65+ &2102% )/'02% +(, 1&21&$1 %%767' SUREOHP RI KLJK VHULHV 6' FRQWDFW UHVLVWDQFH GXH WR WKH DQG %ROW]PDQQ VWDWLFV KDV EHHQ XVHG )RU QXPHULFDO VROXWLRQ IRUPDWLRQ RI DEUXSW 6' MXQFWLRQ ZKLFK LV D PDMRU FRQFHUQ 1HZWRQ*XPPHOPHWKRGKDVEHHQXVHG ZKHQGHYLFHLV VFDOHGLQUDGLDOGLUHFWLRQ6%*$$026)(7 RQWKHRWKHUKDQGVKRZVDPELSRODUEHKDYLRXUZKHUHDWVPDOO JDWHELDVXQZDQWHGUHYHUVHFRQGXFWLRQVWDUWVLQWKHGHYLFH>@ )XUWKHU GHYLFH SHUIRUPDQFH DOVR GHJUDGHG GXH WR WKH KRW FDUULHU LQGXFH FKDUJHV DQG EHFRPHV D PDMRU UHOLDELOLW\ LVVXH %RWK WKH EHKDYLRXUV DUH PDMRU VHWEDFN IRU WKH 6%*$$ )LJ D 'YLHZ E FURVVVHFWLRQDOYLHZRI$V\9DFX*'6%*$$ GHYLFH9DFXXPJDWHGLHOHFWULF)(7SURSRVHGE\+DQHWDO>@ UHGXFHVWKHKRWFDUULHUHIIHFWV7KHYDFXXPXQGHUWKHJDWHFDQ EH IRUPHG E\ D VDFULILFLDO OD\HU GHSRVLWLRQ DQG UHPRYDO ,, 5(68/7$1'',6&866,21 SURFHVVHV >@ :H LQYHVWLJDWHG WKH GHYLFH SHUIRUPDQFH ZLWK 7KHKRWFDUULHUUHOLDELOLW\RIWKHGHYLFHFDQEHDVVHVVHGE\ YDFXXP JDWH GLHOHFWULF LQ SODFH RI 6L2 LQ FRQYHQWLRQDO 6% YLVXDOL]LQJ WKH HOHFWULF ILHOG SURILOH )LJ D VKRZV WKH *$$026)(7$OWKRXJKGHYLFHZLWKYDFXXPGLHOHFWULFGRHV YDULDWLRQ RI VXUIDFH HOHFWULF ILHOG IRU DOO WKUHH GHYLFHV 7KH QRW VKRZ DPELSRODULW\ EXW LW VXIIHUV ZLWK LQFUHDVHG RII VWDWH UHGXFWLRQLQHOHFWULFILHOG DWWKHGUDLQVLGHFDQEHFOHDUO\ FXUUHQW ,RII DV ZHOO DV SRRU VXEWKUHVKROG VORSH 66 )XUWKHU REVHUYHG LQ $V\9DFX*'6%*$$ GHYLFH )LJ E GHSLFW PRUH LW LV OHVV LPPXQH WR VWUHVV GDPDJH FRQGLWLRQV GXH WR WKH YDULDWLRQ RI HOHFWURQ WHPSHUDWXUH ZLWK SRVLWLRQ LQ WKH
c 978-1-4799-8364-3/15/$31.00 2015 IEEE
369
9*6 9 9'6 9 5 QP
1$ î FP
3RVLWLRQDORQJWKHFKDQQHO/ QP
(OHFWURQWHPSHUDWXUH .
06' 9DFB06' $V\B9DFB06'
9*6 9
3RVLWLRQDORQJWKHFKDQQHO/ QP
'UDLQFXUUHQW,'6 $î
1$ î FP
*DWHYROWDJH9*6 9
)LJ 'UDLQFXUUHQWDVDIXQFWLRQRIJDWHELDVDWQRUPDODQGORJVFDOH
,RII'XHWRORZLPSDFWLRQL]DWLRQDQGUHGXFWLRQLQKRWFDUULHUV >@ $V\9DFX*'6%*$$ GHYLFH KDV QR DPELSRODULW\ HYHQ DW 9 DQG RIIHUV DOPRVW VDPH ,RQ DV FRQYHQWLRQDO 6%*$$ GHYLFH )LJ VKRZV WKH YDULDWLRQ RI WUDQVFRQGXFWDQFH JP FXWRIIIUHTXHQF\ IW DQG*DWHWR6RXUFH&DSDFLWDQFH &*6 DV DIXQFWLRQRIDSSOLHGJDWHELDVDWDIL[HGGUDLQELDVRI9 )LJ VKRZV WKDWDOWKRXJK WKH JP UHGXFHV IRU WKH $V\9DFX *'6%*$$ 026)((7 LQ FRPSDULVRQ WR 6%*$$ IW
370
1 $ î FP
06' 9DFB06' $V\B9DFB06' *DWHYROWDJH9*6 9
6L2'LHOHFWULF
( ( ( ( ( (
9DFXXP'LHOHFWULF
( ( ( ( ( (
$V\9DFX'LHOFWULF
( ( ( ( ( (
$&.12:/('*0(17 $XWKRUVZRXOGOLNHWRWKDQN'5'20DQRM.XPDUZRXOG OLNHWRWKDQN&6,5*RYHUQPHQWRI,QGLD 5()(5(1&(6
ORJ,'6 $î
06' 9DFB06' $V\B9DFB06'
/ QP 5 QP 9'6 9
9'6 9 5 QP / QP
,RQ $ ,RII $ ,RQ,RII JP $9 &*6 IW +] 66 P9GHF
9'6 9 5 QP
)LJ D (OHFWULF ILHOG E (OHFWURQ WHPSHUDWXUH DV D IXQFWLRQ RI 3RVLWLRQ DORQJWKHFKDQQHO
1 $ î FP %ODFN 06' *UD\ 9DFB06' *UD\ZLWKER[ $V\B9DFB06'
)RULQVHW
7$%/(, 3(5)250$1&(&203$5,6212) $//7+5(('(9,&(6%$6(' 211 80(5,&$/ 6,08/$7,216 / QP5 QPWR[ QP 6FKRWWN\%DUULHU*$$026)(7
E
)LJ 9DULDWLRQRIWUDQVFRQGXFWDQFH JP FXWRIIIUHTXHQF\ IW &*6
D
& *6
06' 9DFB06' $V\B9DFB06'
(OHFWULFILHOG( î9FP
'UDLQ
6RXUFH
7UDQVFRQGXFWDQFHJ P $9 î
LQFUHDVHV IRU WKLV GHYLFH DQG LV PD[LPXP DPRQJ DOO WKH GHYLFHV7KLVLVEHFDXVHRIUHGXFWLRQLQ&*6LQ$V\9DFX*' 6%*$$ 026)((7 DV REVHUYHG IRUP WKH )LJ LQVHW 'HYLFHSHUIRUPDQFHFRPSDULVRQLVVXPPDUL]HGLQ7DEOH, IW +]î
FKDQQHO +&7((/ PRGHO >@ LV XVHG WR FDOFXODWH HOHFWURQ WHPSHUDWXUH ,W FDQ EH VHHQ WKDW IRU $V\9DFX*'6%*$$ 026)(7 GHYLFH WKH HOHFWURQ WHPSHUDWXUH LV GUDVWLFDOO\ UHGXFHG WRZDUGV WKH GUDLQ MXQFWLRQ WKXV LPSURYLQJ WKH KRW FDUULHUUHOLDELOLW\)LJVKRZVWKHYDULDWLRQRIGUDLQFXUUHQWDV D IXQFWLRQ RI DSSOLHGJDWH ELDV ,W FOHDUO\ VKRZV WKDW 9DFXXP *DWHGLHOHFWULFGHYLFHKDVSRRURQVWDWHFXUUHQW ,RQ DVZHOODV
>@ - 0 /DUVRQ DQG - 3 6Q\GHU ³2YHUYLHZ DQG VWDWXV RI 0HWDO 6' 6FKRWWN\%DUULHU 026)(7 7HFKQRORJ\´ ,((( 7UDQV RQ (OHFW 'HY YROSS0$@ 6-&KRLDQG@ 7 *ULHVEDFK 0 :XU] DQG / 5LVVLQJ/HLEQL] ³$SSOLFDWLRQ RI VDFULILFLDO OD\HUV IRU WKH PRGXODU PLFUR VHQVRU IDEULFDWLRQ RQ D IOH[LEOH SRO\PHU VXEVWUDWH´ LQ 3URF 6HQVRU 7HVW &RQI 6HQVRU SS >@ $7/$6 8VHU V 0DQXDO ' 'HYLFH 6LPXODWRU 6,/9$&2 ,QF 6DQWD &ODUD&$86$ >@ 5 /LQ 4 /X 3 5DQDGH 7 - .LQJ DQG & +X ³$QDGMXVWDEOH ZRUN IXQFWLRQWHFKQRORJ\XVLQJ0R JDWH IRU&026 GHYLFHV´,((((OHFWURQ 'HY/HWWYROSS ±-DQXDU\ >@ 5 *DXWDP 0 6D[HQD 56 *XSWD DQG 0 *XSWD ³*DWH $OO $URXQG 026)(7ZLWKYDFXXP*DWHGLHOHFWULFIRULPSURYHGKRWFDUULHUUHOLDEOLW\ DQG 5) 3HUIURPDQFH´ ,((( 7UDQV RQ (OHFW 'HY YRO SS -XQH
2015 IEEE International Conference on Electron Devices and Solid-State Circuits (EDSSC)
