Auto Mutual Information Function of the EEG as a ...

12 downloads 0 Views 140KB Size Report
anesthetized and burst suppression episodes. The results show that the single and combined AMIF parameters were able to correctly classify the states in the ...
  

$XWR0XWXDO,QIRUPDWLRQ )XQFWLRQRIWKH((*DVD0HDVXUH RI'HSWKRI$QHVWKHVLD %DUEDUD-XOLWWD0RQWVHUUDW9DOOYHUGX8PEHUWR63 0HOLD1DGLQH7XSDLND0DWKLHX-RVSLQ (ULN:-HQVHQ0HPEHU,(((0LFKHO05) 6WUX\V+XJR(09HUHHFNH3HUH&DPLQDO

$EVWUDFW²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±  DQG ±UHVSHFWLYHO\ 

$

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ȝ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¶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

   SHDNGHFD\ 3'HFD\IJL ZHUHGHILQHGIURP$0,)    

D



7KH PHDQ YDOXH RI HDFK YDULDEOH FDOFXODWHG LQ DOO ZLQGRZV DORQJ WKH VWDWH ZDV FRQVLGHUHG IRU WKH DQDO\VLV )RU HDFK YDULDEOH LW ZDV VWXGLHG WKH QXPEHU RI VWDWHV FRUUHFWO\FODVVLILHGIRUDOOSDWLHQWVLQRUGHUWRILQGWKHYDOXH RIIJLWKDWDOORZVDEHWWHUFODVVLILFDWLRQ

E

F

G  )LJ  :LQGRZV RI  V RI XQILOWHUHG ((* IRU HDFK VWDWH RI '2$ RI D SDWLHQW D $ZN E 6GW F $QVWK G %6



%$XWR0XWXDO,QIRUPDWLRQIXQFWLRQ 0XWXDO LQIRUPDWLRQ 0,  FDQ PHDVXUH WKH QRQOLQHDU DV ZHOO DV OLQHDU GHSHQGHQFH RI WZR YDULDEOHV ,W LV D PHWULF GHULYHG IURP 6KDQQRQ¶V LQIRUPDWLRQ WKHRU\ WR HVWLPDWH WKH LQIRUPDWLRQ JDLQHG IURP REVHUYDWLRQV RI RQH UDQGRP HYHQW RQ DQRWKHU >@ DQG PHDVXULQJ ERWK OLQHDU DQG QRQOLQHDU GHSHQGHQFHV EHWZHHQ WZR WLPH VHULHV >@ ,W FDQEHUHJDUGHGDVDQRQOLQHDUHTXLYDOHQWRIWKHFRUUHODWLRQ IXQFWLRQ 8VXDOO\ 0, LV PHDVXUHG EHWZHHQ WZR GLIIHUHQW V\VWHPV ; DQG @ 0 YDQ *LOV , .RUKRQHQ DQG $ @ (: -HQVHQ ³$XWR UHJUHVVLYH PRGHOLQJ ZLWK H[RJHQRXV LQSXW RI DXGLWRU\HYRNHGSRWHQWLDOVWRSURGXFHDQRQOLQHGHSWKRIDQHVWKHVLD LQGH[´0HWK,QI0HGYROSS± >@ + /LWYDQ ³&RPSDULVRQ RI FRQYHQWLRQDO DYHUDJHG DQG UDSLG DYHUDJHG DXWRUHJUHVVLYHEDVHG H[WUDFWHG DXGLWRU\ HYRNHG SRWHQWLDOV IRU PRQLWRULQJ WKH K\SQRWLF OHYHO GXULQJ SURSRIRO LQGXFWLRQ´ $QHVWKHVLRORJ\YROQRSS± >@ ,- 5DPSLO ³$ SULPHU IRU ((* VLJQDO SURFHVVLQJ LQ DQHVWKHVLD´ $QHVWKHVLRORJ\YROQRSS± >@ 0-RVSLQ3&DPLQDO(:-HQVHQ09DOOYHUG~005)6WUX\V + 9HUHHFNH DQG '7 .DSODQ ³'HSWK RI $QHVWKHVLD ,QGH[ XVLQJ &XPXODWLYH3RZHU6SHFWUXP´3URFRIWKHWK$QQX,QW&RQIRI WKH,((((0%6SS >@ 0 -RVSLQ 3 &DPLQDO (: -HQVHQ + /LWYiQ 0 9DOOYHUG~ 005) 6WUX\V + 9HUHHFNH DQG '7 .DSODQ ³'HWUHQGHG IOXFWXDWLRQ DQDO\VLV RI ((* DV D PHDVXUH RI GHSWK RI DQHVWKHVLD´ ,(((7UDQVRQ%LRPHGLFDO(QJLQHHULQJYROSS >@ -&6LJODQG1*&KDPRXQ³$QLQWURGXFWLRQWRELVSHFWUDODQDO\VLV IRUWKH((*´-&OLQ0RQLWYROSS± >@ +(0 9HUHHFNH 3 0DUWLQH] (: -HQVHQ 2 7KDV 5 9DQGHQEURHFNH (3 0RUWLHU DQG 005) 6WUX\V ³1HZ FRPSRVLWHLQGH[EDVHGRQPLGODWHQF\DXGLWRU\HYRNHGSRWHQWLDODQG HOHFWURHQFHSKDORJUDSKLF SDUDPHWHUV WR RSWLPL]H FRUUHODWLRQ ZLWK SURSRIRO HIIHFW VLWH FRQFHQWUDWLRQ´ $QHVWKHVLRORJ\ YRO  

   >@ 0 5HYXHOWD 3 3DQLDJXD -0 &DPSRV -$ )HUQiQGH] $ 0DUWtQH] 0 -RVSLQ DQG + /LWYDQ ³9DOLGDWLRQ RI WKH LQGH[ RI FRQVFLRXVQHVV GXULQJ VHYRIOXUDQH DQG UHPLIHQWDQLO DQDHVWKHVLD D FRPSDULVRQ ZLWK WKH ELVSHFWUDO LQGH[ DQG WKH FHUHEUDO VWDWH LQGH[´ %U-$QDHVWKYROQRSS >@(: -HQVHQ 0 -RVSLQ 3 *DPEXV 0 9DOOYHUGX DQG 3 &DPLQDO ³9DOLGDWLRQ RI WKH ,QGH[ RI &RQVFLRXVQHVV ,R&  GXULQJ VHGDWLRQDQDOJHVLD IRU XOWUDVRQRJUDSKLF HQGRVFRS\ 3URF RI WKH WK$QQX,QW&RQIRIWKH,((((0%6SS >@' 3ODWWDUG 0 6RUHW - 7URFFD] 3 9DVVDO - @ :0 :HOOV ,,, 3 9LROD DQG 5 .LNLQLV ³0XOWLPRGDO YROXPH UHJLVWUDWLRQ E\ PD[LPL]DWLRQ RI PXWXDO LQIRUPDWLRQ´ 0HGLFDO 5RERWLFVDQG&RPSXWHU$VVLVWHG6XUJHU\SS± >@ :'6PLWK5'XWWRQ176PLWK³0HDVXULQJWKHSHUIRUPDQFHRI DQHVWKHWLFGHSWKLQGLFDWRUV´$QHVWKHVLRORJ\YROSS >@ 0 9DOOYHUGX 2 7LEDGXLVD ' +R\HU % *LUDOGR 6 %HQLWR 3 &DPLQDO$QDO\VLVRIWKHQRQOLQHDUDXWRGHSHQGHQFLHVRIUHVSLUDWRU\ SDWWHUQ LQ SDWLHQWV RQ ZHDQLQJ WULDOV 3URF RI WKH WK $QQX ,QW &RQIRIWKH,((((0%6SS