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PENAS MERINO (Universidad de León, Spagna), Carlos José PINTO GOMES .... Gil C., Mota J.F. - Maytenus senegalensis subsp. europaeus distribution ...
VII International Seminar Biodiversity Management and Conservation - “Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources” – Book of abstracts Gambarie d‟Aspromonte – RC (Italy) / 2013, June 2-7 Editor: C.M. Musarella & G. Spampinato © Università “Mediterranea” di Reggio Calabria (Italia) Centro Stampa d'Ateneo Viale Amendola 8/b 89100 Reggio Calabria ISBN: 978-88-89367-87-2

BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

VII International Seminar

Biodiversity Management and Conservation “Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources”

Gambarie d’Aspromonte – RC (Italy) 2013, June 2-7

VII INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR

MANAGEMENT AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

“Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources” Gambarie d‟Aspromonte – RC (Italy), June 2-7, 2013

INDICE / INDEX Comitati / Committees …….……….……………………………………….……….….. 3 Programma / Programme ..……………………………………………………. .………. 4 Presentazione / Presentation ……………………………….…….………….……… 8 / 9 Conferenze / Conferences …………………………………………..………………….. 10 Comunicazioni / Communications ……….……………………………………...…….. 52 Indice degli autori / Authors’ index .…………………………………………………. 132

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COMITATO ORGANIZZATORE / ORGANIZATION: Giovanni Spampinato, Carmelo Maria Musarella, Serafino Cannavò. Università “Mediterranea” di Reggio Calabria, Dipartimento di AGRARIA. Italia SEGRETERIA / SECRETARY: Carmelo Maria Musarella, Serafino Cannavò, Alfonso Picone Chiodo. COMITATO SCIENTIFICO / SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE: Giovanni SPAMPINATO (Università “Mediterranea” di Reggio Calabria, Italia), Carmelo Maria MUSARELLA (Università “Mediterranea” di Reggio Calabria, Italia), Eusebio CANO CARMONA (Universidad de Jaén, Spagna), Gianluigi BACCHETTA (Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Italia), G. BENITEZ CRUZ (Universidad de Granada, Spagna), Edoardo BIONDI (Università Politecnica delle Marche, Italia), Carlo BLASI (Università di Roma “La Sapienza), María Amparo Máxima BORJA DE LA ROSA (Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Messico), Ana CANO-ORTIZ (Universidad de Jaén, Spagna), Simona CASAVECCHIA (Università Politecnica delle Marche, Italia), José Carlos COSTA (Universidade Tecnica de Lisboa, Portogallo), Sara DEL RIO (Universidad de León, Spagna), Nuno DE SOUSA NEVES (Universidade de Évora, Portogallo), Tomás Emilio DÍAZ GONZÁLEZ (Universidad de Oviedo, Spagna), Douglas EVANS (European Topic Centre on Biological Diversity, Francia, María Hilda FLORES OLVERA (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Messico), Francisco GÓMEZ MERCADO (Universidad de Almería, Spagna), Riccardo GUARINO (Università degli Studi di Palermo, Italia), Jesus IZCO SEVILLANO (Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spagna), Miguel LADERO ÁLVAREZ (Universidad de Salamanca, Spagna), Jean-Jacques LAZARE (Centre d´Etude et de Conservation des Ressources Végétales –CECRV- di Bayona, Francia), J.M. MARTINEZ-LABARGA (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spagna), Juan Felipe MARTÍNEZ MONTOYA (Universidad de San Luis de Potosí, Messico), Catarina MEIRELES (Universidade de Évora, Portogallo), Michael J. MOORE (University of Oberlin, Ohio, USA), Juan Francisco MOTA POVEDA (Universidad de Almería, Spagna), Jesús MUÑOZ ÁLVAREZ (Universidad de Córdoba, Spagna), Helga OCHOTERENA-BOOTH (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Messico), Ángel PENAS MERINO (Universidad de León, Spagna), Carlos José PINTO GOMES (Universidade de Évora -ECT/DPAO- / ICAAM, Portogallo), María Manuela REDONDO (Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spagna), Salvador RIVAS-MARTINEZ (CIF, Madrid, Spagna), Maria José ROXO (Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portogallo), Pedro SÁNCHEZ GÓMEZ (Universidad de Múrcia, Spagna), Daniel SÁNCHEZ MATA, (Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spagna), António Pedro SANTOS (Universidade de Évora, Portogallo), J.G. SEGARRA-MORAGUES (Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación (CIDE, CSIC-UV-GV), Moncada, Valencia, Spagna), Ramón SORIGUER (Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas –CSIC-, Spagna), Fabio TAFFETANI (Università Politecnica delle Marche, Italia), Dante Arturo TREJO (Universidad Autonoma de Chapingo, Messico).

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PROGRAMMA / PROGRAMME SUNDAY 2 From 14.00 - Arrival and accommodation of participants 20,00 - Dinner MONDAY 3 08,30 - Breakfast 09,00 - Reception 09,30 - Opening Ceremony Session 1 - Exploitation of agroforestry resources 09,45 - Biondi E. - Habitat Directive and management of agronomical resources 10,30 - Coffee break 10,45 - Marcianò C., Stillitano T., Gulisano G. - Strategies for enhancing agricultural and forest resources: a case study in Calabria 11,30 - Taffetani F., Micheletti A., Rismondo M., Zitti S. - Residual woods: natural, ecological, landscape and economic values 11,50 - Gangale C., Menguzzato G., Statti G., Uzunov D. - Pinus nigra subsp. calabrica woods in Sila mountain: perspectives for conservation and management 12,10 - Odoguardi R., Caloiero E., Spampinato G., Forconi V., Guidi S., Sculli O., Muzzalupo I., Maiorca G. - Forgotten fruits and recovered biodiversity of Calabria 12,30 - Quinto-Canas R., Vila-Viçosa C., Mendes P., Cano E., Pinto-Gomes C. Azinhais edafoxerófilos do sul de Portugal: ecologia, fitosociologia e interesse conservacionista 13,00 - Lunch Session 2 - Agroforestry planning on bioclimatic base 15,00 - Cano E., Musarella C.M., Piñar Fuentes J.C., Ighbareyeh J.M.H., Martínez Lombardo Mª.C. - Application of bioclimatology to agroforestry arrangement: the case of the mediterranean olive grove 15,45 - del Río S., Penas A. - Bioclimatology and GIS: essential tools for the natural forest planning according to climatic variations 16,30 - Piñar Fuentes J. C., Martínez Lombardo Mª C., Cano Ortiz A., del Río González S. - Spatial-temporal analysis of precipitation and temperature trends in Andalusia (Spain) during the period 1975-2007

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16,50 - Coffee break 17,05 - Spampinato G., Musarella C.M., Cano-Ortiz A. - Relationships between bioclimate and oak forests distribution in Calabria (S-Italy) 17,50 - Cano E., Cano-Ortiz A., Veloz A. - The dry forest in the Dominican Republic 18,10 - Cano E., Musarella C.M., Spampinato G., Piñar Fuentes J.C., Pinto Gomes C.J. - Taxonomic analysis of Glebionis coronaria (L.) Cass. ex Spach in the Mediterranean area 20,00 - Dinner TUESDAY 4 08,30 - Breakfast Session 3 - Free Session 09,00 - Mota J.F., Garrido-Becerra J.A., Pérez-García F.J., Mendoza-Fernández A.J., Martínez-Hernández F., Merlo M.E. - Species-area relationships in the gypsum habitats from Almeria (SE of Spain) 09,45 - Martínez-Hernández F., Mendoza-Fernández A.J., Pérez-García F.J., Martínez-Nieto M.I., Garrido-Becerra J.A., Salmerón-Sánchez E., Merlo M.E, Gil C., Mota J.F. - Biogeografía de la flora gipsícola ibérica 10,05 - Sunseri F., Riccardi P., Mercati F., Longo C., Falavigna A. - SNP-based genetic footprint and parentage analysis of a large garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) italian germplasm collection 10,25 - Redondo García M.M., Hermosilla González A.B. - Contribution to the study of the flora and vegetation of Hontanar (Toledo, Spain) 10,45 - Coffee break 11,00 - Cristaudo A., Restuccia A., Xibilia L., Maugeri G. - Renaturalization of conifers woodlands in the Iblean mountains (South-Eastern Sicily) 11,20 - Mendoza-Fernández A.J., Martínez-Hernández F., Pérez-García F.J., Medina-Cazorla J.M., Garrido-Becerra J.A., Guirado Romero J.S., Merlo M.E., Gil C., Mota J.F. - Maytenus senegalensis subsp. europaeus distribution modeling. Example of habitat fragmentation in the Mediterranean basin 11,40 - Musarella C.M., Cano-Ortiz A., Piñar Fuentes J.C., Navas J., Vila-Viçosa C., Pinto Gomes C.J., Vázquez F.M., Spampinato G., Cano E. - Fractal analysis: a new method for the taxonomical study of the genus Quercus L. 12,00 - Musarella C.M., Cano-Ortiz A., Piñar Fuentes J.C., Spampinato G., Pinto Gomes C.J., Cano E. - Phytosociological study of species of portuguese oak in the central-south Iberian Peninsula

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12,20 - Meireles C., Mendes P., Vila-Viçosa C., Pinto-Gomes C. - Biogeographic analysis of the portuguese endemism Teucrium salviastrum Schreb. 12,40 - Molero González E., Redondo García M.M., Hermosilla González A.B. Contribution to biogeographic study of the Natural Park Hoces of Riaza River (Spain) 13,00 - Lunch In the afternoon - Excursion in the Aspromonte National Park 20,00 - Dinner WEDNESDAY 5 08,30 - Breakfast Session 4 - Rural landscape and biodiversity conservation 09,00 - Blasi C., Capotorti G., Frondoni R., Zavattero L. - A land ecological approach for biodiversity conservation in traditional agricultural landscapes 09,45 - Pinto-Gomes C., Mendes P., Meireles C., Vila-Viçosa C. - Management and conservation of Agroforestry resources in a Mediterranean Landscape 10,30 - Martínez Labarga J. M. - Rural transformation of urban in the metropolitan area of Madrid, impact on biodiversity conservation: Coslada, example of failure in planning rationale of land use 10,50 - Coffee break 11,05 - Taffetani F., Lancioni A., Rismondo M. - Agro-ecosystems biodiversity and functionality: transformation, management, monitoring, conservation and reconstruction problems 11,50 - Guarino R. - Rural landscapes and EU agricultural policies: opportunity or utopia? 12,35 - Mendes P., Batista T., Meireles C., Vila-Viçosa C., Pinto-Gomes C. Vegetation dynamics on landscape ecology 13,00 - Lunch 15,00 - Bacchetta G., Fenu G., Mattana E. - Integrated approach for the in situ and ex situ conservation of the endemic vascular flora of Sardinia 15,45 - Bombino G., Denisi P., Fortugno D., Tamburino V., Zema D.A., Zimbone S.M. - Check-dam influence on biodiversity in headwaters of fiumaras (Aspromonte, Southern Italy) 16,30 - Vila-Viçosa C., Meireles C., Mendes P., Vázquez F.M., Raposo M., Quinto-Canas R., Pinto-Gomes C. - The west Iberian Brachypodium phoenicoides (L.) Roem. & Schult. grasslands

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16,50 - Coffee break 17,10 - Sánchez-Mata D., Rodríguez-Rojo MªP. - Vegetation series on extreme environments: the ultramafic vegetation of California (USA) 17,55 - Crisafulli A., Lombardo E., Picone R.M. - A botanic garden for the conservation of the floristic heritage of the Peloritani mounts (North-East Sicily) 18,15 - Di Somma A., Redondo García M.M., Hermosilla Gónzález A.B. Biodiversity conservation: the case study of SCI “Monti della Laga” 18,35 - Pasta S., Livreri Console S., Gucciardo D., Interlandi M., Beer F., La Mantia T. - Report on medium-term effects of the habitat protection and restoration activities of the life project “Maintenance of the habitats of the Macalube of Aragona” (Sicily, S Italy) 18,55 - Raposo M., Conceição-Castro M., Pinto-Gomes C. - Interest of vegetation series on Landscape Architecture project (Évora) 19,15 - Closing ceremony of the Seminar 20,00 - Dinner THURSDAY 6 08,00 - Breakfast 09,00 - Excursion in the province of Reggio Calabria 19,00 - Return at the hotel 20,30 - Dinner FRIDAY 7 08,00 - Breakfast 09,00 - Departures

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PRESENTAZIONE Nel 2007 l‟Università di Jaén (Spagna) ha creato un Seminario internazionale permanente sul tema “Gestione e Conservazione della Biodiversità” che si è svolto ogni anno fino al 2010 presso il Centro de Capacitación y Experimentación Forestal de Vadillo-Castril” (Cazorla, Spagna), successivamente nel 2011 presso l‟Università di Almeria (Spagna) e, nel 2012, a Tortosendo (Portogallo), organizzato dall‟Università di Evora. La 7a edizione del Seminario avrà luogo nel 2013 in Calabria (Italia), sarà organizzata dal Dipartimento di Agraria dell‟Università “Mediterranea” degli Studi di Reggio Calabria e si svolgerà a Gambarie d‟Aspromonte, una località del comune di Santo Stefano d‟Aspromonte (RC), situata a 1317 m slm, nel cuore del Parco Nazionale dell'Aspromonte, a 35 km dal centro di Reggio Calabria, in una delle più importanti aree protette d'Italia, sia per estensione che per valore naturalistico e paesaggistico. Il seminario di quest‟anno verterà sulla “Pianificazione e gestione delle risorse agro-forestali”. In particolare saranno affrontate le seguenti tematiche: -

Pianificazione agroforestale su base bioclimatica

-

Valorizzazione delle risorse agroforestali

-

Paesaggio rurale e conservazione della biodiversità

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“Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources” Gambarie d‟Aspromonte – RC (Italy), June 2-7, 2013

PRESENTATION In 2007 the University of Jaén (Spain) has created a permanent International Seminar on "Biodiversity Management and Preservation" which was held every year until 2010 at the Centro de Capacitación y Experimentación Forestal de Vadillo-Castril "(Cazorla, Spain), then in 2011 at the University of Almeria (Spain) and, in 2012, in Tortosendo (Portugal), organized by the University of Evora. The seventh edition of the Seminar will be held in 2013 in Calabria (Italy), will be organized by the Department of Agriculture, University "Mediterranea"of Reggio Calabria and will take place in Gambarie d'Aspromonte, a village in the municipality of Santo Stefano d 'Aspromonte (RC), located at 1317 m above sea level, in the heart of Aspromonte National Park, 35 km from the center of Reggio Calabria, one of the most important protected areas in Italy, both in extent and nature and landscape value. This year's seminar will focus on "Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources." In particular, the following topics will be addressed: - Agroforestry planning on bioclimatic base - Exploitation of agroforestry resources - Rural landscape and biodiversity conservation

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CONFERENZE / CONFERENCES

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APPROCCIO INTEGRATO PER LA CONSERVAZIONE IN SITU ED EX SITU DELLA FLORA VASCOLARE ENDEMICA DELLA SARDEGNA Bacchetta G., Fenu G., Mattana E. Centro Conservazione Biodiversità (CCB), Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Cagliari. V.le Sant'Ignazio da Laconi, 11-13 09123 Cagliari (ITALIA). [email protected]

La Sardegna, seconda isola del Mediterraneo per estensione, grazie all‟isolamento e alla elevata diversità geologica presenta un ampio spettro di habitat con alti livelli di endemismi, in particolare nei massicci montuosi, dove si verificano situazioni di insularità ecologica. L‟elenco floristico delle endemiche esclusive della Sardegna annovera 178 taxa, dei quali 142 specie, 29 sottospecie, 4 varietà e 3 ibridi, appartenenti a 39 famiglie e 75 generi (Bacchetta et al., 2012, aggiornato). Nonostante questa elevata diversità e le minacce che incidono sulle specie endemiche, finora sono stati condotti pochi studi di biologia della conservazione a livello regionale. Nel 2007 la Regione Autonoma della Sardegna (RAS) ha finanziato un progetto per la conservazione delle specie endemiche esclusive dell‟Isola a maggior rischio di estinzione. Per selezionare le specie di interesse conservazionistico è stata creta una “Priority List” utilizzando 11 parametri relativi a rarità, minacce e stato di protezione delle specie. Questa procedura ha consentito di individuare le dieci specie a maggior rischio di estinzione, sulle quali sono stati avviati programmi integrati di conservazione, grazie ai finanziamenti concessi dalla RAS nel 2007 e successivamente nel 2009. Per le specie selezionate sono state caratterizzate le popolazioni attraverso studi in situ di lungo periodo ed è stata avviata la conservazione di collezioni di semi presso la Banca del Germoplasma della Sardegna (Mattana et al., 2012). Inoltre, per queste specie, sono stati condotti studi ecologici, di ecofisiologia della germinazione e di genetica popolazionale. Bibliografia Bacchetta G., Fenu G., Mattana E., 2012. The checklist of the exclusive vascular flora of Sardinia and its priority settings for conservation. Annales Jardin Botanico de Madrid, 69(1): 81-89. Mattana E, Fenu G., Bacchetta G., 2012. Regional responsibility for plant conservation: the 2010 GSPC Target 8 in Sardinia. Plant Biosystems, 146: 649-653.

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“Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources” Gambarie d‟Aspromonte – RC (Italy), June 2-7, 2013

INTEGRATED APPROACH FOR THE IN SITU AND EX SITU CONSERVATION OF THE ENDEMIC VASCULAR FLORA OF SARDINIA Bacchetta G., Fenu G., Mattana E. Centro Conservazione Biodiversità (CCB), Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Cagliari. V.le Sant'Ignazio da Laconi, 11-13 09123 Cagliari (ITALIA). [email protected]

Sardinia is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea and its isolation and high geological diversity have created a wide range of habitats with high levels of endemism, especially on its mountain massifs, where there are conditions of ecological insularity. In this study the exclusive endemic flora of Sardinia has been updated to 178 taxa, 142 of which are species, 29 subspecies, 4 varieties and 3 hybrids, belonging to 39 families and 75 genera (Bacchetta et al., 2012, updated). Despite this rich biodiversity and the threats to these species, few biological conservation studies have been carried out up to now. A conservation project for the most threatened exclusive endemic species of Sardinia was therefore funded in 2007 by the “Regione Autonoma della Sardegna”. To categorize these species of conservation interest, a priority list was created by applying 11 parameters based on rarity, threats and protection status. The conservation priority ranking allowed the identification of the ten most threatened species, and an integrated conservation approach was initiated for them thanks to the project funded in 2007 and renewed in 2009 by the “Regione Autonoma della Sardegna”. In particular, their populations have been characterized by in situ studies, and long-term conservation measures were carried out by seed collections that are maintained at the Sardinian Germplasm Bank (Mattana et al., 2012). Furthermore, ecological, ecophysiology of seed germination, as well as population genetic studies have been undertaken with these taxa. Literature cited Bacchetta G., Fenu G., Mattana E., 2012. The checklist of the exclusive vascular flora of Sardinia and its priority settings for conservation. Annales Jardin Botanico de Madrid, 69(1): 81-89. Mattana E, Fenu G., Bacchetta G., 2012. Regional responsibility for plant conservation: the 2010 GSPC Target 8 in Sardinia. Plant Biosystems, 146: 649-653.

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DIRETTIVA HABITAT E GESTIONE DELLE RISORSE AGRO-FORESTALI Biondi E. Dip. Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali (D3A), Università Politecnica delle Marche. Via Brecce Bianche - 60131 Ancona (ITALIA). [email protected]

Biodiversità e agricoltura costituiscono un binomio inscindibile di fondamentale importanza nello sviluppo socio-economico del territorio. Le enormi dimensioni territoriali della Rete Natura 2000 (ben il 17% dell‟intero territorio comunitario) dimostrano come l‟U.E. riconosca di fatto alla salvaguardia della biodiversità questo fondamentale ruolo. Natura 2000 rappresenta infatti un progetto di pianificazione territoriale che ha notevolmente inciso e continua ad incidere sulle logiche globali degli stati membri costituendo l‟aspetto fondante e prioritario del bene ambientale, inalienabile e da conservare e recuperare. Queste finalità si possono raggiungere creando o potenziando la connettività tra i sistemi a diversa biodiversità, promuovendo la funzionalità ecologica delle unità ecosistemiche e quindi mediante un equilibrato raccordo tra la pianificazione naturalistica ed urbanistica. La Rete Natura 2000 non rappresenta pertanto solo l‟avvio di un importante processo di salvaguardia della biodiversità ma esprime anche politiche di programmazione e gestione territoriali che si dimostrano sempre più importanti nell‟incidere sullo sviluppo socio-economico dei Paesi dell‟U.E. Ovviamente la Rete Natura 2000 svolge la maggiore incisività in campo agrario. La riforma della PAC, Politica Agricola Comunitaria, prevede tre priorità: le produzioni alimentari, la gestione sostenibile delle risorse naturali e lo sviluppo bilanciato di aree rurali all‟interno della Comunità Europea. Nel corso del 2008, a livello comunitario, si è svolto il cosiddetto “health check”, verifica che ha portato ad aggiornare i regolamenti Comunitari relativi allo Sviluppo Rurale per il 2009 e ad individuare le nuove "sfide" da perseguire. Questa revisione ha comportato, per gli stati membri e per le singole regioni, l'obbligo di rendere coerenti i propri programmi con le nuove priorità che a livello nazionale nel 2009 sono state notificate nel Piano Strategico Nazionale (PSN) dello sviluppo rurale 2007-2013. In particolare coll‟asse 2 riguardante il “Miglioramento dell‟ambiente e dello spazio rurale” sono stati considerati: pagamenti silvo-ambientali; indennità Natura 2000 (per compensare i costi e la perdita di redditività derivanti dai vincoli imposti all‟uso del bosco dalle direttive 79/409/CEE e 92/43/CEE); investimenti non produttivi (investimenti che valorizzano in termini di pubblica utilità le zone interessate). Ancora più calzanti in termini di rispetto ambientale della biodiversità sono le indicazioni di sviluppo

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dell‟agricoltura comunitaria previste per il 2020. Queste dovranno consentire al settore agrario europeo di liberare il potenziale produttivo latente, in particolare nei nuovi Stati membri e realizzare gli obiettivi di una strategia Europea prioritariamente rivolta all‟ambiente, al cambiamento climatico e all'innovazione (gli investimenti dovrebbero stimolare l'efficienza economica e ambientale del settore). Saranno favorite le esigenze specifiche delle regioni, delle zone dei siti Natura 2000 e delle zone ad alto pregio naturalistico. Tutto ciò permette di esaltare il potenziale delle zone rurali, facendo leva su concetti innovativi per le imprese e le amministrazioni locali, determinando nuove opportunità e risorse come nuovi canali di distribuzione. Viene così favorita l‟agricoltura estensiva la cui azione prevede importanti ricadute sulla sostenibilità ambientale delle aree collinari e montane permettendone anche un recupero socio-economico. Bibliografia Andersen E., Baldock D., Bennett H., Beaufoy G., Bignal, E., Brouwer F., Elbersen B., Eiden G., Godeschalk, F., Jones G., McCracken D., Nieuwenhuizen, W., Eupen van M., Hennekens S. & Zervas G., 2003. Developing a high nature value farming area indicator. Internal report. EEA, Copenhagen. Biondi E., 2011. Phytosociology today: Methodological and conceptual evolution. Plant Biosystems 145 suppl. 1: 19-29 Biondi E., Burrascano S., Casavecchia S., Copiz R., Del Vico E., Galdenzi D., Gigante D., Lasen C., Spampinato G., Venanzoni R., Zivkovic L. & Blasi C., 2012. Diagnosis and syntaxonomic interpretation of Annex I Habitats (Dir. 92/43/EEC) in Italy at the alliance level. Plant Sociology 49 (1): 5-37. DOI 10.7338/pls2012491/01. Biondi E., Casavecchia S., Pesaresi S. & Zivkovic L., 2012. Natura 2000 and the Pan European Ecological Network: a new methodology for data integration. Biodiversity and Conservation 21 (7): 1741- 1754. DOI 10.1007/s10531-012-0273-7 CEC, 2000. Indicators for the integration of environmental concerns into the common agricultural policy. Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament COM(2000) 20 final. CEC, Brussels. COM(2000) 20 definitivo - Comunicazione della Commissione al Consiglio e al Parlamento Europeo - Indicatori per l‟integrazione della problematica ambientale nella politica agricola comune. EEA, 2001. Environmental Signals. Environmental assessment report No 8. EEA, Copenhagen. EEA (2004). Agriculture and the environment in the EU accession countries. Implications of applying the EU common agricultural policy. Environmental issue report No 37. EEA, Copenhagen. EEA, 2004. High nature value farmland: Characteristics, trends and policy challenges. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. 32 pp. ISBN 92-9167-664-0 European Commission, 1992. Habitats Directive. Council Directive 92/43/EEC. http://ec.europa.eu/ environment/nature/legislation/habitatsdirective/index_en.htm. Cited 22 June 2009.

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“Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources” Gambarie d‟Aspromonte – RC (Italy), June 2-7, 2013

HABITAT DIRECTIVE AND MANAGAMENT OF AGRONOMICAL RESOURCES Biondi E. Dip. Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali (D3A), Università Politecnica delle Marche. Via Brecce Bianche - 60131 Ancona (ITALIA). [email protected]

Biodiversity and agriculture form an inseparable pair absolutely important in the social-economic development of the territory. Great size of Natura 2000 network‟s territory (even the 17% of the whole community area) demonstrates how U.E. recognizes to biodiversity conservation a fundamental role. Natura 2000 is therefore a project of environmental planning that has largely influenced and is still influencing global senses of the member states, representing the founding and priority aspect of environmental asset, inalienable, to be conserved and recovered. These aims can be reached creating and improving relations between systems that are different in biodiversity, promoting ecological functionalities of ecosystemic units and thus through an equilibrated joining between naturalistic and urban planning. Natura 2000 network is not just the starting point of an important process of biodiversity conservation but it regards politics of planning and territory management that become every day more important in influencing the social and economical development of U.E. states. Obviously, the major incisiveness of Natura 2000 Network is performed in the agricultural field. Reformed CAP (Common Agricultural Policy) have 3 priorities: viable food production, sustainable management of natural resources and balanced development of rural areas throughout the EU. During 2008, at the community level, the “health check” has been carried out, a verification that lead to update of Community regulations regarding the Rural Development for 2009 and to identify new “challenges” to achieve. This revision forced member states and regions to make coherent planning with new priorities that on the national level, in 2009, have been notified to the Piano Strategico Nazionale (PSN - Strategic National Plan) of the Rural Development 2007-2013. In particular, with the ax 2 regarding “Environment and rural space improvement” the followings points have been considered: environmental-forestry payments, Natura 2000 bonus (to compensate costs and lacks of incomes due to constraints for wood utilization sensu Directives 79/409/CEE e 92/43/CEE); unproductive investments (investments that consider in terms of public utility the interested zones). The indications on community agricultural development presented for 2020 are even more significant for environmental biodiversity conservation These should allow the European agricultural field to release the latent productive potential, in particular for new member states, and to realize aims for a European

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strategy mainly dedicated to environment, to clime changes and to innovation (investments should stimulate the economic and environmental efficiency of the field). By this way will be encouraged specific needs for Regions, Natura 2000 sites and High Nature Value farmlands areas. This allows to improve the potentiality of rural zones, raising innovative concepts for firms and local administrations, determining new opportunities and resources as a new way of distribution. Thus, extensive agriculture is promoted, whose action determines important effects on the environmental sustainability of hilly and mountainous areas, allowing a social-economic development. Literature cited Andersen E., Baldock D., Bennett H., Beaufoy G., Bignal, E., Brouwer F., Elbersen B., Eiden G., Godeschalk, F., Jones G., McCracken D., Nieuwenhuizen, W., Eupen van M., Hennekens S. & Zervas G., 2003. Developing a high nature value farming area indicator. Internal report. EEA, Copenhagen. Biondi E., 2011. Phytosociology today: Methodological and conceptual evolution. Plant Biosystems 145 suppl. 1: 19-29 Biondi E., Burrascano S., Casavecchia S., Copiz R., Del Vico E., Galdenzi D., Gigante D., Lasen C., Spampinato G., Venanzoni R., Zivkovic L. & Blasi C., 2012. Diagnosis and syntaxonomic interpretation of Annex I Habitats (Dir. 92/43/EEC) in Italy at the alliance level. Plant Sociology 49 (1): 5-37. DOI 10.7338/pls2012491/01. Biondi E., Casavecchia S., Pesaresi S. & Zivkovic L., 2012. Natura 2000 and the Pan European Ecological Network: a new methodology for data integration. Biodiversity and Conservation 21 (7): 1741- 1754. DOI 10.1007/s10531-012-0273-7 CEC, 2000. Indicators for the integration of environmental concerns into the common agricultural policy. Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament COM(2000) 20 final. CEC, Brussels. COM(2000) 20 definitivo - Comunicazione della Commissione al Consiglio e al Parlamento Europeo - Indicatori per l‟integrazione della problematica ambientale nella politica agricola comune. EEA, 2001. Environmental Signals. Environmental assessment report No 8. EEA, Copenhagen. EEA (2004). Agriculture and the environment in the EU accession countries. Implications of applying the EU common agricultural policy. Environmental issue report No 37. EEA, Copenhagen. EEA, 2004. High nature value farmland: Characteristics, trends and policy challenges. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. 32 pp. ISBN 92-9167-664-0 European Commission, 1992. Habitats Directive. Council Directive 92/43/EEC. http://ec.europa.eu/ environment/nature/legislation/habitatsdirective/index_en.htm. Cited 22 June 2009.

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“Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources” Gambarie d‟Aspromonte – RC (Italy), June 2-7, 2013

APPROCCIO ECOLOGICO-TERRITORIALE PER LA CONSERVAZIONE DELLA BIODIVERSITÀ NEI PAESAGGI AGRICOLI TRADIZIONALI Blasi C., Capotorti G., Frondoni R., Zavattero L. Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma (Italia). [email protected]

I paesaggi agricoli tradizionali rappresentano degli ecosistemi che derivano da una storica interazione tra uomo e ambiente e che sono relativamente stabili nel tempo. Generalmente questi sistemi si associano a pratiche agricole a basso impatto ambientale e alla presenza di comunità vegetali semi-naturali (Antrop, 1997, Plieninger et al., 2006). L‟insieme di queste caratteristiche si riflette sulla presenza di specie e di habitat di particolare interesse conservazionistico (Billeter et al., 2008; Fahrig et al., 2011, Blasi et al., 2011, 2012). Il mantenimento dei paesaggi agricoli richiede quindi un approccio ecosistemico in grado di coniugare la dimensione gestionale con i caratteri biologici e fisici dell‟ambiente. A questo proposito, si propone di applicare per l‟individuazione dei paesaggi agricoli tradizionali un processo di classificazione ecologica del territorio per poter riconoscere i caratteri naturali sottostanti e quindi disegnare un quadro di riferimento spaziale ed ecologicamente significativo utile per: (i) valutare, confrontare e monitorare i paesaggi agricoli; (ii) valutare la coerenza delle pratiche agricole con le potenzialità ambientali determinate dai fattori fisici e dalla vegetazione; (iii) valutare lo stato di conservazione del mosaico territoriale reale rispetto alla sua composizione e configurazione potenziale; (iv) indirizzare gli obiettivi prioritari di conservazione verso paesaggi agricoli tradizionali particolarmente significativi in termini di rappresentatività geografica, rarità, stato di conservazione, minacce e livello di protezione. Bibliografia Antrop M., 1997. The concept of traditional landscapes as a base for landscape evaluation and planning. The example of Flanders Region. Landscape Urban Plan. 38, 105-117. Blasi C. et al., 2011. Important Plant Areas in Italy: From data to mapping. Biol. Conserv. 144 (1), 220-226. Blasi C. et al., 2012. Agricultural Landscapes and Biodiversity Conservation in Italy Bulletin UASVM Horticulture, 69(1): 81-88. Billeter, R. et al., 2008. Indicators for biodiversity in agricultural landscapes: a panEuropean study. Journal of Applied Ecology 45:141-150. Plieninger T. et al., 2006. Traditional land-use and nature conservation in European rural landscapes. Environ. Sci. Policy 9, 317-321.

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“Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources” Gambarie d‟Aspromonte – RC (Italy), June 2-7, 2013

LAND ECOLOGICAL APPROACH FOR BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION IN TRADITIONAL AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES Blasi C., Capotorti G., Frondoni R., Zavattero L. Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma (Italia). [email protected]

Traditional agricultural landscapes result from the long lasting interaction between humans and their environment and are usually associated with the use of lowimpact agricultural practices and presence of seminatural vegetation (Antrop, 1997; Plieninger et al., 2006). All these characteristics have a positive influence on the occurrence of species and habitats of particular conservation interest (Billeter et al., 2008; Fahrig et al., 2011, Blasi et al., 2011). Therefore, the maintenance of agricultural landscapes requires an integrated ecosystem approach that takes into account the human management dimension as well as the biophysical features. In this regard, we propose to apply a process of ecological land classification in order to understand the natural setting underlying agricultural landscapes and establish a spatially-explicit and ecologically meaningful framework of environmental potentials that can be used: (i) to assess, compare, and monitor agricultural landscapes; (ii) to evaluate consistency of agricultural practices with the ecological potential determined by abiotic and vegetation features, (iii) to evaluate the state of conservation of actual land mosaics with respect to potential composition and configuration (iv) to address development scenarios towards conservation objectives that are based on the ranking of traditional agricultural landscapes according to geographical representativity, rarity, threats, state of conservation and degree of protection. Literature cited Antrop M., 1997. The concept of traditional landscapes as a base for landscape evaluation and planning. The example of Flanders Region. Landscape Urban Plan. 38, 105-117. Blasi C. et al., 2011. Important Plant Areas in Italy: From data to mapping. Biol. Conserv. 144 (1), 220-226. Blasi C. et al., 2012. Agricultural Landscapes and Biodiversity Conservation in Italy Bulletin UASVM Horticulture, 69(1): 81-88. Billeter, R. et al., 2008. Indicators for biodiversity in agricultural landscapes: a panEuropean study. Journal of Applied Ecology 45:141-150. Plieninger T. et al., 2006. Traditional land-use and nature conservation in European rural landscapes. Environ. Sci. Policy 9, 317-321.

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“Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources” Gambarie d‟Aspromonte – RC (Italy), June 2-7, 2013

INFLUENZA DELLE BRIGLIE SULLA BIODIVERSITÀ VEGETALE IN TRONCHI MONTANI DI FIUMARE CALABRESI (ASPROMONTE, ITALIA MERIDIONALE) Bombino G., Denisi P., Fortugno D., Tamburino V., Zema D.A., Zimbone S.M. Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Dipartimento “AGRARIA”, Località. Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria (Italia). [email protected]

Le interazioni tra i processi fluviali e la vegetazione ripale possono essere influenzate dalle sistemazioni idrauliche (quali le briglie), qualora modifichino le caratteristiche idrogeomorfologiche dell‟alveo attivo. La biodiversità vegetale fornisce una importante informazione sulla entità e sugli effetti di tali modiche. Nell‟ambito del presente studio è stata pertanto valutata l‟influenza delle briglie sulla biodiversità della vegetazione ripale nei tronchi montani di quattro fiumare calabresi. Utilizzando la metodologia proposta da Bombino et al. (2006; 2009), sono quindi state studiate la ricchezza in specie e la composizione della vegetazione in sezioni trasversali dell‟alveo attivo (transetti), localizzate in prossimità delle briglie (a monte e a valle) e in zone intermedie (meno disturbate e quindi da considerarsi come controllo). Sostanziali differenze nella biodiversità vegetale sono state registrate tra i transetti di monte e quelli di valle. Nei transetti a monte delle briglie (ricadenti all‟interno del bacino di sedimentazione creato dal manufatto) il nuovo assetto idrogeomorfologico dell‟alveo favorisce una maggiore ricchezza floristica, determinata da un significativo incremento di specie aliene. A valle, invece, l‟approfondimento dell‟alveo determina un confinamento della vegetazione ripale nativa alle aree prossime al thalweg e favorisce l‟ingresso di specie con habitus terrestre nelle porzioni di alveo più vicine ai versanti. I transetti di monte e quelli intermedi presentano, tuttavia, una maggiore similarità grazie all‟elevato numero di specie native in comune. L‟indagine conferma che l‟incremento della variabilità idrogeomorfologica dell‟alveo (sia trasversale, sia longitudinale) connessa con la presenza delle briglie condiziona importanti aspetti della biodiversità vegetale, in termini di ricchezza di specie e di composizione della vegetazione. Il presente studio fornisce indicazioni metodologiche utili alla riqualificazione dei corsi d‟acqua e alla attuazione della “Direttiva Acque” della UE. Bibliografia Bombino G, Tamburino V, Zimbone SM., 2006. Assessment of the effects of check-dams on riparian vegetation in the Mediterranean environment: a methodological approach and applications. Ecological Engineering 27: 134-144.

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“Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources” Gambarie d‟Aspromonte – RC (Italy), June 2-7, 2013

CHECK-DAM INFLUENCE ON BIODIVERSITY IN HEADWATERS OF FIUMARAS (ASPROMONTE, S-ITALY) Bombino G., Denisi P., Fortugno D., Tamburino V., Zema D.A., Zimbone S.M. Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Dipartimento “AGRARIA”, Località. Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria (Italy). [email protected]

Interactions between fluvial processes and riparian vegetation are influenced by river control works (as check-dams), if these latter modify the hydrogeomorphological characteristics of the active channel. Plant biodiversity provides important information on the magnitude and the effects of such changes. Therefore, in this study the influence of check-dams on biodiversity of the riparian vegetation have been analyzed in the headwaters of four fiumaras (torrents of Calabria region, Southern Italy). Species richness and composition of vegetation have been evaluated through the methods by Bombino et al. (2006; 2009) in active channel cross sections (transects), located in proximity of each check-dam (upstream and downstream) and at intermediate sites (less disturbed zones and then assumed as control). Plant biodiversity results basically different between upstream and downstream transects. In general, upstream of check-dams (within its sediment accumulation wedge) the effects of active channel hydrogeomorphological changes determine a higher species richness, due to a significant increase of the alien species. Conversely, downstream of check-dams the torrent active channel deepening (due to local erosion) limits the presence of riparian native species in the zones close to the thalweg and encourages the establishment of species with terrestrial habitus in proximity of the hillslopes. However, the biodiversity of upstream transects is more similar to intermediate zones than downstream of check-dams, due to the greater presence of native species. The investigation confirms that the increase of active channel hydrogeomorphological variability (both in transversal and longitudinal directions), linked to the check-dam installation, brings important implications on plant biodiversity, in terms of species richness and compositions. This investigation indicates a method for river restoration, as required by the EU‟s Water Framework Directive. References Bombino G, Tamburino V, Zimbone SM., 2006. Assessment of the effects of check-dams on riparian vegetation in the Mediterranean environment: a methodological approach and applications. Ecological Engineering 27: 134-144.

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“Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources” Gambarie d‟Aspromonte – RC (Italy), June 2-7, 2013

APLICACIÓN DE LA BIOCLIMATOLOGÍA A LA ORDENACIÓN AGROFORESTAL: EL CASO DEL OLIVAR MEDITERRÁNEO Cano E.1, Musarella C.M.2, Piñar Fuentes J.C.1, Ighbareyeh J.M.H.1, Martínez Lombardo Mª.C.1 1. Departamento Biología Animal, Vegetal y Ecología. Botánica. Universidad de Jaén. 23071 Jaén (España). [email protected]. 2. Dipartimento di AGRARIA - Università “Mediterranea” di Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria (Italia).

Aplicamos la bioclimatología a la ordenación agrícola y forestal, ya que cultivos y bosques presentan un óptimo bioclimático para su desarrollo. Por ello es necesario tener en consideración los pisos bioclimáticos establecidos por Rivas-Martínez, tanto en lo que respecta al termoclima como al ombroclima. Este mismo autor cuando diagnostica la serie de vegetación indica que para nombrar y diagnosticar una serie de vegetación, es preciso ubicar dicha serie en un piso bioclimático. Por ello Cano et al. (2003) proponen las bases para el establecimiento de modelos de gestión agrícola y forestal. Factores ambientales Bioclimatología y Biogeografía Series de vegetación Tipo de cultivo Aplicando este modelo a los cultivos de secano se puede hacer una ordenación territorial correcta. En trabajos anteriores nuestros (Cano et al., 1997), establecimos una estrecha correlación entre la producción Kg/hectárea del olivar de la provincia de Jaén (España) con los valores Io, Ic, It/Itc. Mediante esta correlación se estableció para la variedad “Picual”, que los lugares de máxima producción pertenecen al termomediterráneo superior, seco-superior y mesomediterráneo inferior, seco-superior, siendo los valores de índices Io, Ic e It/Itc para las máximas producciones del olivar de la variedad “Picual”, Io = 3.66, Ic = 18.5 e It/Itc = 270/330: lo que coincide con determinadas series de vegetación. Estudios que ampliamos años después a otras variedades de olivo: Hojiblanca, Lechín, Morisca, Manzanilla, Gordal, Verdiales (Cano et al.; 2004; Cano & Cano-Ortiz, 2012). Aplicando esta nueva metodología a otros territorios del mediterráneo (Palestina), al cultivo de olivar hemos conseguido delimitar las áreas de máxima producción con un mínimo coste hídrico. El modelo puede ser aplicado a cualquier territorio, consideramos que es básico para obtener con éxito ordenaciones territoriales sostenibles de carácter agroforestal. Bibliografia

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Cano E., García Fuentes A., Torres J.A., Salazar C., Melendo M., Pinto Gomes C.J. & Valle F., 1997. Phytosociologie appliquée a la planification agricole. Colloques Phytosociologiques XXVII:1008-1022. Cano E., Ruiz L., Cano Ortiz A. & Nieto J., 2003. Bases para el establecimiento de modelos de gestión agrícola y forestal. In Memoriam al Prof. Dr. Isidoro Ruiz Martínez 131-142. ISBN: 84-8439-195-7. Cano E., Cano Ortiz A. & Montilla R.J., 2003. Encuadre bioclimático de algunas variedades de Olea europaea L. en el sur de España. Boletín Inst. Est. Giennenses 184:31-36. Cano E., Ruiz L., Melendo M. Nieto J. & Cano Ortiz A., 2004. Bases bioclimáticas para la planificación del olivar en el centro-sur de la Península Ibérica (España, Portugal). Actas IFOAN. Sociedad Española de Agricultura Ecológica. SEAE. 304-311. ISBN: 84-609-7732-3. Cano E., & Cano Ortiz A., 2012. Bioclimatología y Bioindicadores del olivar: Bases fundamentales para un desarrollo sostenible in “Andalucía, El Olivar”. Ed. Asociación Grupo de Estudios Avanzados-Grupo Textura, pág. 71-85.

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“Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources” Gambarie d‟Aspromonte – RC (Italy), June 2-7, 2013

APPLICATION OF BIOCLIMATOLOGY TO AGROFORESTRY ORDINATION: THE CASE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN OLIVE Cano E.1, Musarella C.M.2, Piñar Fuentes J.C.1, Ighbareyeh J.M.H.1, Martínez Lombardo Mª.C.1 1. Departamento Biología Animal, Vegetal y Ecología. Botánica. Universidad de Jaén. 23071 Jaén (España). [email protected]. 2. Dipartimento di AGRARIA - Università “Mediterranea” di Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria (Italia).

We applied bioclimatology to agricultural and forestry ordination, as crops and forests have a bioclimatic optimum for development. It is thus necessary to take into consideration the bioclimatic belts established by Rivas-Martínez with regard to both the thermoclimate and the ombroclimate. This same author recommends that when diagnosing a vegetation series, it must first be located in a bioclimatic belt before it can be named and identified. In view of this, Cano et al. (2003) propose the basis for the establishment of agricultural and forestry management models. Environmental factors Bioclimatology and biogeography Vegetation series Crop type A correct territorial ordination can be made by applying this model to rainfed crops. In our previous works (Cano et al., 1997), we established a close correlation between the Kg/hectare of olive yield in the province of Jaén (Spain) and Io, Ic and It/Itc values. This correlation made it possible to establish that the sites of maximum yield for the Picual variety of olive are located in the upper thermo-Mediterranean, upper-dry and lower meso-mediterranean, and upper-dry belts, with the following Io, Ic and It/Itc index values for maximum olive yields for the Picual variety: Io = 3.66, Ic = 18.5 and It/Itc = 270/330. This coincides with specific vegetation series. We have extended the studies in later years to other olive varieties, namely Hojiblanca, Lechín, Morisca, Manzanilla, Gordal, Verdiales (Cano et al.; 2004; Cano & Cano-Ortiz, 2012). By applying this new methodology to olive cultivation in other territories in the Mediterranean (Palestine), we have succeeded in delimiting the areas of maximum yield with a minimum water cost. The model can be applied to any territory; we consider that its use is essential for successfully obtaining sustainable territorial ordinations for agroforestry. Literature cited Cano E., García Fuentes A., Torres J.A., Salazar C., Melendo M., Pinto Gomes C.J. & Valle F., 1997. Phytosociologie appliquée a la planification agricole. Colloques Phytosociologiques XXVII:1008-1022.

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“Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources” Gambarie d‟Aspromonte – RC (Italy), June 2-7, 2013

Cano E., Ruiz L., Cano Ortiz A. & Nieto J., 2003. Bases para el establecimiento de modelos de gestión agrícola y forestal. In Memoriam al Prof. Dr. Isidoro Ruiz Martínez 131-142. ISBN: 84-8439-195-7. Cano E., Cano Ortiz A. & Montilla R.J., 2003. Encuadre bioclimático de algunas variedades de Olea europaea L. en el sur de España. Boletín Inst. Est. Giennenses 184:31-36. Cano E., Ruiz L., Melendo M. Nieto J. & Cano Ortiz A., 2004. Bases bioclimáticas para la planificación del olivar en el centro-sur de la Península Ibérica (España, Portugal). Actas IFOAN. Sociedad Española de Agricultura Ecológica. SEAE. 304-311. ISBN: 84-609-7732-3. Cano E., & Cano Ortiz A., 2012. Bioclimatología y Bioindicadores del olivar: Bases fundamentales para un desarrollo sostenible in “Andalucía, El Olivar”. Ed. Asociación Grupo de Estudios Avanzados-Grupo Textura, pág. 71-85.

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“Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources” Gambarie d‟Aspromonte – RC (Italy), June 2-7, 2013

BIOCLIMATOLOGÍA Y SIG: HERRAMIENTAS ESENCIALES PARA LA PLANIFICACIÓN FORESTAL NATURAL EN FUNCIÓN DE VARIACIONES CLIMÁTICAS del Río S., Penas A. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental (Botánica). Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales. Instituto de Gandería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León) Universidad de León (España). [email protected]; apenm @unileon.es

El cambio climático está reconocido hoy en día como uno de los principales problemas ambientales a los que se enfrenta el mundo. Existen evidencias científicas que indican que dicho cambio podría afectar a distintos aspectos del ecosistema tales como: alteraciones en aspectos funcionales, fenológicos, estructurales, de composición e incluso cambios en distribución de especies (Sabaté et al. 2002; Sánchez de Dios et al., 2009, Xiodan et al., 2011). Por otro lado, está también demostrado que el clima, junto con el componente edáfico, son en gran medida los factores determinantes de la distribución de los ecosistemas forestales en la Tierra. Bajo esta premisa, conocidas las condiciones climáticas de un área determinada y los valores bioclimáticos umbrales que caracterizan los distintos ecosistemas que en ella se desarrollan, será posible determinar modificaciones en sus áreas de distribución si se produjeran variaciones climáticas. En este trabajo se definirá y caracterizará bioclimáticamente la distribución potencial de algunos bosques existentes en España a partir de parámetros e índices bioclimáticos ya existentes (Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011) y de otros nuevos a formular. Posteriormente y tomando como referencia las variaciones climáticas ocurridas durante el periodo 1961-2010 se calcularán los valores de los parámetros e indices bioclimáticos previamente considerados en el año 2050. Finalmente se identificarán posibles variaciones en el área de distribución potencial de los bosques analizados en función de las variaciones climáticas observadas. Para el desarrollo de todos los análisis se utilizarán distintas herramientas implementadas en ArcGis. Bibliografia Rivas-Martínez S., Rivas Sáenz S. & Penas A., 2011. Worldwide bioclimatic classification system. Global Geobotany 1 : 1-634 + maps. Sabaté S., Gracia C.A. & Sánchez A., 2002. Likely effects of Climate Change on growth of Quercus ilex, Pinus halepensis, Pinus pinaster, Pinus sylvestris and Fagus sylvatica forest in the Mediterranean Region. Forest Ecology and Management 162: 23-37.

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Sánchez de Dios R., Benito-Garzón M. & Saínz-Ollero H., 2009. Present and future extension of the Iberian submediterranean territories as determined from the distribution of marcescent oaks. Plan Ecol. 204:189-205. Xiaodan W., Genwei C. & Xianghao Z., 2011. Assessing potential impacts of climate change on subalpine forest on the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Climatic Change 108: 225241.

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“Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources” Gambarie d‟Aspromonte – RC (Italy), June 2-7, 2013

BIOCLIMATOLOGY AND GIS: ESSENTIAL TOOLS FOR THE NATURAL FOREST PLANNING ACCORDING TO CLIMATIC VARIATIONS del Río S., Penas A. Department of Biodiversity & Environmental Management (Botany). Faculty of Biology & Environmental Sciences. Mountain Livestock Institute (CSIC-University of León) University de León (Spain). E-mail: [email protected] - [email protected]

Climate change is nowadays recognized as one of the major environmental issues which the world faces. There is scientific evidence that indicates this change could affect various aspects of the ecosystem such as: alterations in functional aspects, phenological, structural, composition and even changes in distribution of species (Sabaté et al. 2002; Sánchez de Dios et al., 2009, Xiodan et al., 2011). On the other hand, it is also demonstrated that climate, together with the edaphic component, are the factors determining to a large extent the distribution of forest ecosystems on Earth. Based on this premise, the knowledge of the climate conditions in a particular area and of the threshold bioclimatic values that characterise its various ecosystems would enable us to determine modifications in their areas of distribution if a change in the climate were to occur. Firstly we will define and characterise the potential distribution of some forests in Spain from a bioclimatic point of view, based on existing bioclimatic parameters and indices (Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011) and on further data to be formulated in the future. The next step will be to calculate the values of parameters and bioclimatic indices before mentioned for the 2050 year based on climatic variations occurred in Spain during the period 1961-2010. Finally modifications in the potential distribution of the studied forests in the 2050 year will be identified. All the analyses will be carried out using tools implemented in ArcGis. Literature cited Rivas-Martínez S., Rivas Sáenz S. & Penas A., 2011. Worldwide bioclimatic classification system. Global Geobotany 1 : 1-634 + maps. Sabaté S., Gracia C.A. & Sánchez A., 2002. Likely effects of Climate Change on growth of Quercus ilex, Pinus halepensis, Pinus pinaster, Pinus sylvestris and Fagus sylvatica forest in the Mediterranean Region. Forest Ecology and Management 162: 23-37. Sánchez de Dios R., Benito-Garzón M. & Saínz-Ollero H., 2009. Present and future extension of the Iberian submediterranean territories as determined from the distribution of marcescent oaks. Plan Ecol. 204:189-205. Xiaodan W., Genwei C. & Xianghao Z., 2011. Assessing potential impacts of climate change on subalpine forest on the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Climatic Change 108: 225241.

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“Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources” Gambarie d‟Aspromonte – RC (Italy), June 2-7, 2013

PAESAGGI RURALI E POLITICHE AGRICOLE COMUNITARIE: OPPORTUNITÀ O UTOPIA? Guarino R. Dip. STEBICEF, Sez. Botanica, via Archirafi 38 - 90123 Palermo (Italia). [email protected]

Attraverso i secoli, le comunità rurali hanno gestito il loro ambiente e coltivato la terra con modalità proprie, generando una ricca diversità di paesaggi, corale rappresentazione d'identità storica del territorio e patrimonio per l'intera umanità. L'evoluzione del mercato e delle tecnologie hanno finito col creare eccedenze produttive e squilibri ambientali ai quali l'Unione Europea ha cercato di rispondere, sin dalla conferenza sullo sviluppo rurale tenutasi a Cork nel 1996, attraverso la proposizione di politiche agro-ambientali permeate da due principi generali: quello della diversificazione multifunzionale del settore agricolo e quello della tutela ambientale del territorio rurale. In tali principi, si stabilisce che l'agricoltura debba fornire non solo prodotti commerciabili (commodities), ma anche non commodity outputs, in cui rientrano le pratiche agricole funzionali alla conservazione del paesaggio, dell'eredità storico-culturale, della vivibilità economica di territori attualmente in abbandono. La chiave attraverso cui si è cercato di attuare queste politiche è stata la promozione delle tipicità e delle produzioni di qualità (marchi DOP, DOC, DOCG...), l'incentivazione del turismo rurale e dell'agricoltura biologica, l'offerta di sussidi economici per promuovere comportamenti virtuosi nell'imprenditoria agricola. Non sempre l'esperimento è riuscito, perché non sempre si è riusciti a produrre a costi ragionevoli i tanto auspicati non commodity outputs. Si tratta di beni imponderabili, pertanto è molto difficile trovare un equilibrio tra la qualità delle modifiche apportate grazie a contributi finanziari e la remuneratività delle azioni che, grazie a questi interventi, è stato possibile incentivare. Provocatoriamente, anzi, si potrebbe affermare che l'esperimento è riuscito soltanto dove è stato possibile trasformare in ponderabile l'imponderabile: ove, cioè, grazie alla particolare suggestività dei luoghi o alla straordinaria (e pertanto eccezionale) fama acquisita da alcuni prodotti particolarmente pregiati, il valore economico di case e terreni è lievitato in maniera più che proporzionale rispetto alle risorse investite nel marketing territoriale. In molti altri casi, luoghi e prodotti che si sperava di "riscoprire" non sono stati in grado di dimostrare significative ricadute ambientali o territoriali, a fronte di una non trascurabile spesa pubblica, e sono destinati a tornare nell'oblio, se non cambiano i presupposti su cui si fonda l'intera società dei consumi.

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VII INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR

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“Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources” Gambarie d‟Aspromonte – RC (Italy), June 2-7, 2013

Senza una profonda revisione del rapporto dell'uomo con il cibo e con tutte le altre forme di “nutrimento”, non solo del corpo ma anche della sfera pensante e creativa, qualsiasi rivisitazione in chiave moderna di una ruralità in grado di offrire condizioni di vita soddisfacenti alle popolazioni locali, nella speranza che un giorno esse riescano ad affrancarsi dalle sovvenzioni, è un sogno destinato a fallire miseramente, se non nei casi eccezionali già menzionati. Grazie all'integrazione delle politiche agricole e ambientali è effettivamente possibile immaginare uno sviluppo delle aree rurali che tuteli o rinnovi la qualità dei paesaggi, mettendo in relazione le azioni a livello locale con ricadute a livello globale. Tuttavia, questi intenti si potranno realizzare soltanto se si riuscirà a porre ogni individuo in una nuova posizione di consapevolezza e responsabilità. Non sarà facile: la società attuale, concepita inizialmente dal capitalismo come società di "consumatori" e "produttori", negli ultimi decenni si sta tramutando, grazie alle potenzialità offerte dalla comunicazione di massa, in una società di "spettatori" e "mediatori". Il potere mediatico ha talmente pervaso le forme di rappresentazione della realtà che in molti casi (la "questione ambientale" è tra questi), esse vengono percepite come realtà oggettiva. Ciò accade con facilità, poiché la complessità funzionale della società moderna ci ha abituato a usare, ma non a conoscere, molti strumenti della quotidianità. Siccome per molti di noi è venuto meno il contatto diretto con gli ecosistemi, la consapevolezza delle implicazioni ambientali del nostro modo di vivere è quasi sempre frutto di una mediazione rassicurante e asettica, che offre prontamente l'illusione di poter risolvere qualsiasi cosa, dal terremoto alle alluvioni, dal cancro alla crisi dell'agricoltura, offrendo un piccolo contributo in denaro, via sms o dal pc di casa. In questo contesto, il recupero delle aree marginali, la progettazione di reti ecologiche, la tutela del paesaggio in una visione integrata e sistemica rischia di essere percepita come l'ennesima azione da condividere passivamente, a cui offrire un sostegno seduti sulla poltrona di casa, senza cambiare troppo le nostre abitudini e la nostra visione del mondo. In questo modo, sarà difficile andare lontano.

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VII INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR

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“Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources” Gambarie d‟Aspromonte – RC (Italy), June 2-7, 2013

RURAL LANDSCAPES AND COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY: OPPORTUNITY OR UTOPIA? Guarino R. Dept. STEBICEF, Botanical Unit, via Archirafi 38 - 90123 Palermo (Italy). [email protected]

Through the centuries, rural communities have managed their environment and farmed the land in original ways, creating a rich landscape diversity, that is a choral representation of the historical identity of territories and of the human cultural heritage. The evolution of the market and of technologies ended up creating surplus production and environmental imbalances to which the European Union tried to answer, since the conference on rural development held in Cork in 1996, through the proposition of agro-environmental policies inspired by two general principles: that of the multi-functional diversification of the agricultural sector and that of the environmental protection of rural contexts. According to these principles, agriculture should not only provide marketable products (commodities), but also non-commodity outputs, that include all the agricultural practices functional to the preservation of the landscape, of the historical and cultural heritage, as well as the economic sustain aimed at preventing land abandonment. The way we tried to implement these policies has been the promotion of typical and certified quality products, the promotion of rural tourism, of organic farming, of experiential marketing. These attempts did not always succeed, because it was not always possible to produce the much-desired non-commodity outputs at reasonable costs. Since ecosystem services and multi-functional agriculture are intangible assets, it is very difficult to balance the changes made through financial measures with a long-term profitability of actions and good practices promoted by these measures. Provocatively, one could even say that the experiment succeeded only where it was possible to turn the imponderable into ponderable: i.e. where the economic value of land and houses increased in a more than proportional way to the resources invested in the territorial marketing, thanks to the scenic beauty of the places and/or to the extraordinary (and therefore exceptional) fame gained by relatively few high quality products. In many other cases, places and products that were hoped to be "rediscovered", after a significant public spending for the marketing campaign did not demonstrate a significant environmental or territorial follow-up, and are doomed to go back into oblivion, if the assumptions of the modern, globalized society will not change.

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VII INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR

MANAGEMENT AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

“Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources” Gambarie d‟Aspromonte – RC (Italy), June 2-7, 2013

With the few already mentioned exceptions, any modern reinterpretation of rural life will offer a self-sustaining welfare to the local people, without a deep revision of man's relationship with food and with all other kinds of "nourishment", not only for the body but also of for the mind. Thanks to the integration of agricultural and environmental policies, it is actually possible to imagine a development of rural areas able protect or renew the quality of the landscape, linking the actions at the local level with implications on a global level. However, these aims are achievable only if we are able to raise the common sense of awareness and responsibility for the environmental quality. It will not be easy, however: the current society, originally conceived by capitalism as a society of "consumers" and "producers" in recent decades is being turned by the mass media, into a society of "spectators" and "mediators" . The power of the media is so pervasive that, in many cases (among which, the "environmental issue"), the representation of reality is perceived as objective reality. This happens easily, because in our in our everyday life we commonly use many complex tools and devices without really knowing them, nor the way to produce them. Since most of us have lost a direct and continuous contact with natural ecosystems, the awareness of the environmental implications of our way of life is almost always the result of a reassuring mediation, which provides the illusion that we can trust in our experts to readily solve in any issue, from the earthquakes to the floods, from the cancer to the agricultural crisis, by offering a small cash, through SMS or PC, with little if any direct involvement. In this context, the recovery of marginal areas, the planning of ecological networks, the protection of the landscape in an integrated and systemic way risks to be perceived as yet another action to share passively, to support from home, without changing that much our habits and our vision of the world. In this way, it will be difficult to go far.

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“Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources” Gambarie d‟Aspromonte – RC (Italy), June 2-7, 2013

STRATEGIE DI VALORIZZAZIONE DELLE RISORSE AGROFORESTALI: UN CASO STUDIO IN CALABRIA Marcianò C., Stillitano T., Gulisano G. Dipartimento di Agraria - Sezione Economica. Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria. Via Feo di Vito - 89122 Reggio Calabria (Italia). [email protected]

Nelle aree marginali montane, particolarmente complessa risulta la definizione di strategie di sviluppo sostenibili a causa delle sfavorevoli condizioni sociali, ambientali ed economiche. Lo studio sintetizza i risultati di una ricerca condotta nell‟ambito di una Comunità Montana ricadente in provincia di Reggio Calabria, in cui sono state condotte specifiche analisi di tipo interdisciplinare finalizzate alla valorizzazione delle risorse agroforestali locali. Tenuto conto che la parte più significativa del territorio è interessata da aree boscate e dalla coltura dell‟olivo, l‟attenzione è stata focalizzata sulla definizione di ipotesi di sviluppo per i due comparti produttivi individuati (Gulisano e Marcianò, 2008). Con riferimento ai sistemi forestali, le difficoltà di gestione, connesse con l‟assenza dei piani di assestamento, ha indotto il gruppo di ricerca ad avviare una pianificazione di secondo livello, al fine di caratterizzare i popolamenti forestali dell‟area e definirne le linee guida per una gestione sostenibile (Barreca et al., 2008, 2012). Sulla base delle informazioni riguardanti le risorse forestali censite, lo studio è proseguito attraverso la stima del valore potenziale legnoso dell‟area finalizzata a quantificare la disponibilità potenziale delle risorse forestali e a valutare la possibile produzione di legname. La caratterizzazione dei sistemi forestali nonché la loro potenzialità al prelievo legnoso hanno permesso, altresì, di dimensionare in modo appropriato lo stock di biomassa ottenibile al fine di fornire utili indicazioni sulla potenzialità a fini energetici dell‟area (Marcianò e Stillitano, 2008, 2009). Per quanto riguarda le risorse olivicole, dopo aver effettuato una caratterizzazione qualitativa e quantitativa del patrimonio olivicolo e dell‟olio d‟oliva nell‟area esaminata (Mafrica et al., 2008; Giuffrè e Louadij, 2008), lo studio è proseguito con l‟analisi dei principali aspetti tecnico-economici relativi sia ai nuovi modelli olivicoli intensivi, confrontati con impianti olivicoli di tipo tradizionale, sia alle fasi di confezionamento e commercializzazione dell‟olio extravergine per individuarne le potenzialità economiche attraverso il completamento della filiera. Le analisi condotte sono finalizzate a fare emergere le opportunità di mercato e l‟incidenza del valore aggiunto per le imprese che si pongono come obiettivo la gestione integrata dell‟intera filiera produttiva (Gulisano et al., 2008).

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VII INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR

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“Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources” Gambarie d‟Aspromonte – RC (Italy), June 2-7, 2013

Bibliografia Barreca B., Marziliano P.A., Menguzzato G., Pelle L., Ruello G., Scuderi A., 2008. Caratteristiche dei sistemi forestali, in Gulisano G. e Marcianò C. (a cura di), Sviluppo rurale integrato e sostenibile nelle aree marginali in Calabria. Il caso della Comunità Montana Versante Tirrenico Meridionale, DiSTAfA, Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Editrice KALìT, pp. 261-310, ISBN 978-88-9034836-5. Barreca B., Marziliano P.A., Menguzzato G., Pelle L., Ruello G., Scuderi A., 2008. Gestione dei sistemi forestali, in Gulisano G. e Marcianò C. (a cura di), Sviluppo rurale integrato e sostenibile nelle aree marginali in Calabria. Il caso della Comunità Montana Versante Tirrenico Meridionale, DiSTAfA, Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Editrice KALìT, pp. 311-340, ISBN 978-88-903483-6-5. Giuffrè A.M., Louadij L., 2008. Caratteristiche qualitative dell‟olio d‟oliva, in Gulisano G. e Marcianò C. (a cura di), Sviluppo rurale integrato e sostenibile nelle aree marginali in Calabria. Il caso della Comunità Montana Versante Tirrenico Meridionale, DiSTAfA, Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria,Editrice KALìT,pp. 4054334,ISBN 978-88-903483-6-5. Gulisano G., Baldari M., Strano A., 2008. L‟economia olivicolo-olearia, in Gulisano G. e Marcianò C. (a cura di), Sviluppo rurale integrato e sostenibile nelle aree marginali in Calabria. Il caso della Comunità Montana Versante Tirrenico Meridionale, DiSTAfA, Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Editrice KALìT, pp. 435458,ISBN 978-88-903483-6-5. Gulisano G., Marcianò C., eds., Aavv, 2008. Sviluppo rurale integrato e sostenibile nelle aree marginali in Calabria. Il caso della Comunità Montana Versante Tirrenico Meridionale, DiSTAfA, Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Editrice KALìT, pp. 1-537, ISBN 978-88-903483-6-5. Mafrica R., Pellegrino P., Zappia R., 2008. Caratteristiche e gestione del patrimonio olivicolo, in Gulisano G. e Marcianò C. (a cura di), Sviluppo rurale integrato e sostenibile nelle aree marginali in Calabria. Il caso della Comunità Montana Versante Tirrenico Meridionale, DiSTAfA, Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Editrice KALìT, pp. 369-404, ISBN 978-88-903483-6-5. Marcianò C., Stillitano T., 2008. Il valore potenziale dei sistemi forestali e potenzialità delle biomasse legnose a fini energetici, in Gulisano G. e Marcianò C. (a cura di), Sviluppo rurale integrato e sostenibile nelle aree marginali in Calabria. Il caso della Comunità Montana Versante Tirrenico Meridionale, DiSTAfA, Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Editrice KALìT, pp. 341-368, ISBN 978-88-9034836-5. Marcianò C., Stillitano T., 2009. An assessment of potential revenue from timber harvest and sustainable forest biomass production for energy: a case study in Calabria, in Giametta G. and Zimbalatti G. (eds) Proceedings of XXXIII CIOSTA-CIGR V Conference 2009 on “Technology and management to ensure sustainable agriculture, agro-systems, forestry and safety”, DiSTAFA, Dept. Agroforestry and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University “Mediterranea” of Reggio Calabria, Italy, 17-19 June, Artemis, Reggio Calabria, ISBN 978-88-7853-031-2.

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VII INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR

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“Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources” Gambarie d‟Aspromonte – RC (Italy), June 2-7, 2013

STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCING THE AGROFORESTRY RESOURCES: A CASE STUDY IN CALABRIA Marcianò C., Stillitano T., Gulisano G. Dipartimento di Agraria - Sezione Economica. Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria. Via Feo di Vito - 89122 Reggio Calabria (Italia). [email protected]

In marginal mountainous areas, the definition of sustainable development strategies is particularly complex because of the particular social, environmental, and economic conditions. The study synthesizes the results of a research study conducted in the context of a Mountain Community falling in the province of Reggio Calabria, where specific interdisciplinary analyses have been carried out for the enhancement of agroforestry local resources. Taking into account that the most significant part of the territory is affected by wooded areas and by oliviculture, the attention was focused on the definition of development hypothesis for the two production sectors identified (Gulisano e Marcianò, 2008). With reference to the forestry systems, the difficulties of management, related to the absence of management plans, led the group of research into a second level planning, in order to characterize the forests of the area and to define the guidelines for their management (Barreca et al., 2008, 2012). The analysis continued through the estimation of the potential value of timber. The characterization of forest systems as well as their potential for timber production have also allowed to size appropriately the stock of biomass that can be obtained in order to provide useful indications on the potential for energy purposes of the area (Marcianò e Stillitano, 2008, 2009). With regard to the area under olive cultivation, after a quantitative and qualitative characterization of oliviculture, the study continued comparing traditional oliviculture with the high density one. For the extravirgin olive oil it has been performed an economic assessment of the aspects related to packaging and marketing in order to quantify the added value of companies that aim at integration of the production chain (Gulisano et al., 2008). Literature cited Barreca B., Marziliano P.A., Menguzzato G., Pelle L., Ruello G., Scuderi A., 2008. Caratteristiche dei sistemi forestali, in Gulisano G. e Marcianò C. (a cura di), Sviluppo rurale integrato e sostenibile nelle aree marginali in Calabria. Il caso della Comunità Montana Versante Tirrenico Meridionale, DiSTAfA, Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Editrice KALìT, pp. 261-310, ISBN 978-88-9034836-5.

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VII INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR

MANAGEMENT AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

“Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources” Gambarie d‟Aspromonte – RC (Italy), June 2-7, 2013

Barreca B., Marziliano P.A., Menguzzato G., Pelle L., Ruello G., Scuderi A., 2008. Gestione dei sistemi forestali, in Gulisano G. e Marcianò C. (a cura di), Sviluppo rurale integrato e sostenibile nelle aree marginali in Calabria. Il caso della Comunità Montana Versante Tirrenico Meridionale, DiSTAfA, Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Editrice KALìT, pp. 311-340, ISBN 978-88-903483-6-5. Giuffrè A.M., Louadij L., 2008. Caratteristiche qualitative dell‟olio d‟oliva, in Gulisano G. e Marcianò C. (a cura di), Sviluppo rurale integrato e sostenibile nelle aree marginali in Calabria. Il caso della Comunità Montana Versante Tirrenico Meridionale, DiSTAfA, Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria,Editrice KALìT,pp. 4054334,ISBN 978-88-903483-6-5. Gulisano G., Baldari M., Strano A., 2008. L‟economia olivicolo-olearia, in Gulisano G. e Marcianò C. (a cura di), Sviluppo rurale integrato e sostenibile nelle aree marginali in Calabria. Il caso della Comunità Montana Versante Tirrenico Meridionale, DiSTAfA, Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Editrice KALìT, pp. 435458,ISBN 978-88-903483-6-5. Gulisano G., Marcianò C., eds., Aavv, 2008. Sviluppo rurale integrato e sostenibile nelle aree marginali in Calabria. Il caso della Comunità Montana Versante Tirrenico Meridionale, DiSTAfA, Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Editrice KALìT, pp. 1-537, ISBN 978-88-903483-6-5. Mafrica R., Pellegrino P., Zappia R., 2008. Caratteristiche e gestione del patrimonio olivicolo, in Gulisano G. e Marcianò C. (a cura di), Sviluppo rurale integrato e sostenibile nelle aree marginali in Calabria. Il caso della Comunità Montana Versante Tirrenico Meridionale, DiSTAfA, Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Editrice KALìT, pp. 369-404, ISBN 978-88-903483-6-5. Marcianò C., Stillitano T., 2008. Il valore potenziale dei sistemi forestali e potenzialità delle biomasse legnose a fini energetici, in Gulisano G. e Marcianò C. (a cura di), Sviluppo rurale integrato e sostenibile nelle aree marginali in Calabria. Il caso della Comunità Montana Versante Tirrenico Meridionale, DiSTAfA, Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Editrice KALìT, pp. 341-368, ISBN 978-88-9034836-5. Marcianò C., Stillitano T., 2009. An assessment of potential revenue from timber harvest and sustainable forest biomass production for energy: a case study in Calabria, in Giametta G. and Zimbalatti G. (eds) Proceedings of XXXIII CIOSTA-CIGR V Conference 2009 on “Technology and management to ensure sustainable agriculture, agro-systems, forestry and safety”, DiSTAFA, Dept. Agroforestry and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University “Mediterranea” of Reggio Calabria, Italy, 17-19 June, Artemis, Reggio Calabria, ISBN 978-88-7853-031-2.

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VII INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR

MANAGEMENT AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

“Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources” Gambarie d‟Aspromonte – RC (Italy), June 2-7, 2013

RELACIONES ESPECIES-ÁREA EN LOS HÁBITATS DE YESO DE ALMERÍA (ESPAÑA) Mota J.F., Garrido-Becerra J.A., Pérez-García F.J., Mendoza-Fernández A.J., Martínez-Hernández F., Merlo M.E. Dpto. de Biología y Geología, Universidad de Almería, E-04120 Almería (España). [email protected]

En 1976 Schoener, un ecológo estadounidense, dijo que las relaciones especiesárea (SAR) constituían "una de las pocas leyes de la ecología de comunidades”. Probablemente tenía razón, porque es uno de los patrones más generales y documentados en la naturaleza. Arrhenius, un fitosociólogo sueco, fue el primero en proponer una generalización matemática de este modelo en 1920 y 1921. Su objetivo era establecer un método estandarizado para comparar la diversidad entre asociaciones, y distritos florísticos. La mejor función matemática para expresar las relaciones especies-área ha sido objeto de debate durante los últimos años. Dos son los modelos más ampliamente utilizados: el exponencial (S = c + z ln A) y el potencial (S = c ·Az); donde S es el número de especies, A es el área, y c, y z son constantes (TjØrve, 2012). Durante el pico fenológico de la flora se establecieron 45 parcelas siguiendo el método de Whittaker modificado en seis afloramientos de yeso en la provincia de Almería. Cada parcela fue de 20 x 50 metros y en ella quedaron englobadas varias subparcelas anidadas, una de 100 m2 en el centro, dos subparcelas de 10 m2 en las esquinas opuestas, y 10 subparcelas de 1 m2 dispuestas de manera sistemática en todo el borde de la parcela global de 1000 m2. Después, se calculó el número promedio de especies en las subparcelas de 1 y 10 m2, el número total de especies que se encontró en la subparcela de 100 m2 y el número total de especies de la aprcela total. Estos datos sirvieron para la construcción de las curvas de especiesárea (Stohlgren et al, 2005;. Chon y Stohlgren, 2007). Nuestros resultados sugieren que es posible distinguir dos tipos de curvas de especies-área, de acuerdo con sus valores c y z, una para los afloramientos más extensos (Sorbas, Venta de los Yesos) y otra para los más pequeños. Bibliografia Chong G.W & Stohlgren T. J., 2007. Species-area curves indicate the importance of habitats‟ contributions to regional biodiversity. Ecological Indicators 7,387-395. Stohlgren T.J., Guenther D.A., Evangelista P-H. & Alley N., 2005. Patterns of plant species richness, rarity, endemism, and uniqueness in an arid landscape. Ecological Applications, 15(2), 715-725. TjØrve E., 2012. Arrhenius and Gleason revisited: new hybrid models resolve an old controversy. J. Biogeogr.39, 629-639.

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“Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources” Gambarie d‟Aspromonte – RC (Italy), June 2-7, 2013

SPECIES-AREA RELATIONSHIPS IN THE GYPSUM HABITATS FROM ALMERIA (SE OF SPAIN) Mota J.F., Garrido-Becerra J.A., Pérez-García F.J., Mendoza-Fernández A.J., Martínez-Hernández F., Merlo M.E. Dpto. de Biología y Geología, Universidad de Almería, E-04120 Almería (España). [email protected]

In 1976 T. W. Schoener, an American ecologist, said that the species-area relationships (SAR) is “one of the community ecology´s few laws”. Probably he was right because it is one of the most general and documented patterns in nature. Olof Arrhenius, a Swedish phytosociologist, was the first to propose a mathematical generalization of this pattern in 1920 and 1921. His aims were to establish a standardized method of comparing the diversity of associations, communities and floristic districts. The best mathematical function for the shape of the species-area curve has been debated over the years. Two are the most widely used: the exponential curve (S = c + z ln A) and the power curve (S = c ·Az); where S is the number of species, A is the area, and c, and z are constants (TjØrve, 2012). During peak phenology 45 modified- Whittaker multi-scale plots were established across six gypsum outcrops in the province of Almeria. The nested plot was 20 x 50 m and contained one 100 m2 subplot in the center, two 10 m2 subplots in opposite corners, and 10 1 m2 subplots systematically arranged around the edge of the 1000 m2 plot. We calculated the mean number of species in the 1 and 10 m2 subplots of each plot, the total number of species found in the 100 m2 subplot of each plot, and the total number of species found in each plot for construction of species-area curves (Stohlgren et al., 2005; Chon & Stohlgren, 2007). Our results suggest that it´s possible to distinguish two types of species-area curves, according with its z and c values, one for the most extensive outcrops (Sorbas, Venta de los Yesos) and other for the smaller ones. Literature cited Chong G.W & Stohlgren T. J., 2007. Species-area curves indicate the importance of habitats‟ contributions to regional biodiversity. Ecological Indicators 7,387-395. Stohlgren T.J., Guenther D.A., Evangelista P-H. & Alley N., 2005. Patterns of plant species richness, rarity, endemism, and uniqueness in an arid landscape. Ecological Applications, 15(2), 715-725. TjØrve E., 2012. Arrhenius and Gleason revisited: new hybrid models resolve an old controversy. J. Biogeogr.39, 629-639.

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MONITORIZAÇÃO DO INCRMENTO DA FITODIVERSIDADE SOB DIFERENTES MEDIDAS DE GESTÃO EM ECOSSISTEMAS DE MONTADO (PORTUGAL) Pinto-Gomes C., Mendes P., Meireles C., Vila-Viçosa C. Departamento de Paisagem, Ambiente e Ordenamento, Escola de Ciência e Tecnologia (ECT), Universidade de Évora (Portugal). Rua Romão Ramalho, nº 59, P-7000-671 Évora, Portugal / Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (ICAAM). Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7002-554 Évora (Portugal). [email protected]

A vegetação mediterrânica possui uma história muito longa de influência humana. Os efeitos antropogénicos, juntamente com outros distúrbios como fogos, inundações e secas extremas, moldaram a aparência das Paisagens Mediterrânicas. Os padrões resultantes são mosaicos fragmentados com tipos de vegetação profundamente alterada, ligada a uma elevada diversidade ecológica. Recentes alterações no uso do solo têm provocado alterações consideráveis nestes padrões. Este facto é particularmente evidente nos Montados (Dehesas) Ibéricos, um sistema silvo-pastoril originado através do “desmatamento” dos bosques climaccicos perenifólios onde àrvores, arrelvados nativos, cultivos e o próprio gado interagem positivamente, sob prácticas específicas de gestão. A gestão do Montado é extremamente importante para a heterogeneidade da Paisagem e para a biodiversidade, nomeadamente a fitodiversidade. Apesar de vários trabalhos terem sido levados a cabo neste contexto, monitorizações de longo prazo, sobre diferentes medidas de gestão são escassas. Neste trabalho tentamos saber se existem diferenças significativas na fitodiversidade entre diferentes medidas de gestão e testar se as medidas tradicionais aplicas nos Montados realmente incrementam o valor fitocenótico dos mesmos. Para desenvolver esta análise, seguindo trabalho de campo feito no âmbito do Projecto POCTEP OTALEX C testamos a evolução ao longo de 15 anos de algumas parcelas de montado, com diferentes medidas de gestão no Centro de Portugal. A metodologia baseou-se no método fitossociológico com a obtenção de inventários, tomados ao longo do tempo e relacionados com as medidas aplicadas pelo homem, incorporados e analisados em SIG, com ferramentas estatisticas. Os resultados mostram a importância da acção humana, nomeadamente através do pastoreio para o incremento do valor fitocenótico. Bibliografia Braun-Blanquet J., Silva A.R.P. & Roselra A., 1956. Resultats dedeux excursions geobotaniques a travers le Portugal septentrionalet moyen. II. Chenaies a feuilles

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caduques (Quercionoccidentale) et chenaies a feullles persistantes (Quercion fag!-neae) au Portugal. Agron. Luisitana 18:167-235. Figueroa M. E. & Davy A. J., 1991. Response of Mediterranean grassland species to changing rainfall. The Journal of Ecology, 925-941. Loidi J., 2004. Phytosociology and Biodiversity: an undissociable relationship. Fitosociologia 41(1 Suppl. 1):3 - 13.

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“Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources” Gambarie d‟Aspromonte – RC (Italy), June 2-7, 2013

FOLLOWING PHYTODIVERSITY ENHANCEMENT UNDER DIFFERENT MANAGEMENT MEASURES IN MONTADO ECOSYSTEM (PORTUGAL) Pinto-Gomes C., Mendes P., Meireles C., Vila-Viçosa C. Departamento de Paisagem, Ambiente e Ordenamento, Escola de Ciência e Tecnologia (ECT), Universidade de Évora (Portugal). Rua Romão Ramalho, nº 59, P-7000-671 Évora, Portugal / Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (ICAAM). Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7002-554 Évora (Portugal). [email protected]

Mediterranean vegetation has a very long history of human influence. Anthropogenic effects, along with other natural disturbances like fire, floods and extreme droughts, have molded the appearance of Mediterranean landscapes. The resulting patterns are fine-grained mosaics with transformed vegetation types, linked with a high ecological diversity. Recent changes in land use have resulted in considerable changes in these patterns. This fact is particularly evident in the Iberian Montado (Dehesa), a silvopastoral system which is originated from clearing climaccic evergreen woodlands and where trees, native grasses, crops and livestock interact positively under specific management practices. The Montado management is very important to landscape heterogeneity and to biodiversity, namely to phytodiversity. Although several works were already conducted in this context, long-term monitoring under different management methods are scarce. In this work we aim to know if there are significant differences on biodiversity between different management methods and to test if traditional montado management really improve its phytodiversity. To develop this analysis, following field essays in the frame of POCTEP OTALEX C, we tested the evolution in 15 years of some Montado plots with different managements (on central Portugal). The methodology was based on phytosociologic method with the réléves obtainment taken over time and related to man management analysed with GIS and statistical tools. The results enhance the importance the human management namely grazing activities on the phytocoenotic value. Literature cited Braun-Blanquet J., Silva A.R.P. & Roselra A., 1956. Resultats dedeux excursions geobotaniques a travers le Portugal septentrionalet moyen. II. Chenaies a feuilles caduques (Quercionoccidentale) et chenaies a feullles persistantes (Quercion fag!-neae) au Portugal. Agron. Luisitana 18:167-235.

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Figueroa M. E. & Davy A. J., 1991. Response of Mediterranean grassland species to changing rainfall. The Journal of Ecology, 925-941. Loidi J., 2004. Phytosociology and Biodiversity: an undissociable relationship. Fitosociologia 41(1 Suppl. 1):3 - 13.

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“Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources” Gambarie d‟Aspromonte – RC (Italy), June 2-7, 2013

SERIES DE VEGETACIÓN EN AMBIENTES EXTREMOS: LA VEGETACIÓN ULTRAMÁFICA DE CALIFORNIA (USA) Sánchez-Mata D.1, Rodríguez-Rojo Mª P.2 1. Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid (España). [email protected] - 2. Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales (ICAM),Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III s/n, 45071 Toledo, (España). [email protected]

La vegetación desarrollada en los suelos derivados de rocas serpentiníticas se ha denominado clásicamente "vegetación serpentinítica". Sin embargo, usaremos el amplio término "vegetación ultramáfica" (Brooks, 1998) para referirnos a las formaciones peculiares que habitan en estos hábitats extremos. California posee más de 3.200 km2 de sustratos ultramáficos. Los suelos están poco desarrollados y esqueléticos con una muy baja concentración de calcio, un nutriente esencial para las plantas. Elevados niveles de magnesio y la presencia de ciertos metales pesados añaden estrés adicional para la vida vegetal. Algunos metales alcanzan valores altos en los tejidos de algunas plantas que se desarrollan en sustratos ultramáficos pudiéndose utilizar éstas como bioindicadores. A pesar de existir numerosas publicaciones sobre los hábitats ultramáficos de California muy pocas incluyen datos precisos sobre diferentes tipos de vegetación (Alexander & al., 2007). La primera compilación completa sobre la vegetación ultramáfica californiana se publicó como capítulo novedoso en la segunda edición del libro clásico „Terrestrial vegetation of California‟ (Sánchez-Mata, 2007). Las series de vegetación ultramáfica que reconocemos en California son tanto clímax climáticas como edáficas (edafo-xerófilas e edafo-higrófilas). Bosques (bosques de coníferas), formaciones forestales (formaciones de pino-roble) y chaparrales son las formaciones más importantes desarrolladas como etapas maduras de estas series de vegetación. Un complejo de comunidades ultramáficas puede ser reconocido como vegetación serial o permanente. Bibliografía Alexander EB, Coleman RG, Keeler-Wolf T, Harrison SP, 2007. Serpentine Geoecology of Western North America. Geology, Soils, and Vegetation. Oxford University Press. New York. Brooks RR, 1998. Plants that hyperaccumulate heavy metals. Their role in phytoremediation, microbiologu, archaeology, mineral exploration and phytomining. CAB International. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Sánchez-Mata D, 2007. Ultramafic Vegetation. Chapter 3: California Soils and Examples of Ultramafic Vegetation (A.T. O‟Geen, R. A. Dahlgren, & D. Sánchez-Mata) In Barbour MG, Keeler-Wolf T., Schoenherr AA (ed) Terrestrial Vegetation of California (3rd edition).University of California Press, Berkeley, pp. (71)93-106.

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“Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources” Gambarie d‟Aspromonte – RC (Italy), June 2-7, 2013

VEGETATION SERIES ON EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS: THE ULTRAMAFIC VEGETATION OF CALIFORNIA (USA) Sánchez-Mata D.1, Rodríguez-Rojo Mª P.2 1. Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid (España). [email protected] - 2. Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales (ICAM),Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III s/n, 45071 Toledo, (España). [email protected]

The vegetation on soil derived from serpentinite rock has been classically called „serpentine vegetation‟. However, we use the broader term „ultramafic vegetation‟ (Brooks, 1998) to refer these unique formations developed in extreme habitats. California has >3.200 km2 of ultramafic outcrops. Soils on ultramafics are usualy shallow and skeletal with exceptionally low concentrations of calcium, an essential nutrient for plants. High magnesium levels and the presence of several heavy metals add additional stresses. Metal reach high values in the tissues of certain plants growing on ultramafics; such plants can be used as bioindicators. Although many publications have focused on California‟s ultramafics few have had as vegetation-scale focus (Alexander & al., 2007). The first complete compilation on this unique kind of vegetation througout California landscape appears as a new indexed chapter in the second edition of the classic book „Terrestrial vegetation of California‟ (Sánchez-Mata, 2007). Vegetation series recognized on California ultramafics are both, climatic climax and edaphic climax (xero-edaphic and hidro-edaphic). Forests (conifer forests), woodlands (pine-oak woodlands), and chaparrals are the main formations growing as mature stands of these kind of vegetation. A broad complex of ultramafic plant communities can be define as seral vegetation or permanent plant communities. We will explain an discuss in our lecture the main vegetation series we can distinguish on California ultramafics. Literature cited Alexander EB, Coleman RG, Keeler-Wolf T, Harrison SP, 2007. Serpentine Geoecology of Western North America. Geology, Soils, and Vegetation. Oxford University Press. New York. Brooks RR, 1998. Plants that hyperaccumulate heavy metals. Their role in phytoremediation, microbiologu, archaeology, mineral exploration and phytomining. CAB International. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Sánchez-Mata D, 2007. Ultramafic Vegetation. Chapter 3: California Soils and Examples of Ultramafic Vegetation (A.T. O‟Geen, R. A. Dahlgren, & D. Sánchez-Mata) In Barbour MG, Keeler-Wolf T., Schoenherr AA (ed) Terrestrial Vegetation of California (3rd edition).University of California Press, Berkeley, pp. (71)93-106.

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“Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources” Gambarie d‟Aspromonte – RC (Italy), June 2-7, 2013

RELAZIONI TRA BIOCLIMA E DISTRIBUZIONE DEI QUERCETI IN CALABRIA (ITALIA MERIDIONALE) Spampinato G. 1, Musarella C.M.1, Cano-Ortiz A.2 1 - Dipartimento di AGRARIA - Università “Mediterranea” di Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria. (Italia). [email protected] - 2 - Departamento Biología Animal, Vegetal y Ecología. Botánica. Universidad de Jaén. 23071 Jaén. (España).

I boschi di querce sono le formazioni forestali che occupano maggiori aree in Calabria rappresentando quasi il 32% della superficie boscata regionale. Essi si rinvengono in differenti condizioni ecologiche, su substrati di varia natura, caratterizzati da suoli con differenti peculiarità pedogenetiche e occupando le fasce altimetriche che vanno dal livello del mare fino alla zona montana. Al fine di tipizzare tali formazioni forestali a dominanza di specie del genere Quercus sotto il profilo bioclimatico si è proceduto alla caratterizzazione bioclimatica della regione e all‟analisi delle corrispondenze tra la distribuzione delle varie associazioni forestali e le unità bioclimatiche. I dati climatici provengono dagli “Annali Idrologici” della Regione Calabria, dove sono state selezionate le stazioni con continuità di registrazione di almeno 30 anni per i dati pluviometrici e termometrici. Per la caratterizzazione bioclimatica si è utilizzato il modello di Rivas-Martínez, mediante il programma on-line “Diagnósticos en Tiempo Real” (Rivas-Martínez & Rivas-Saenz, 1996-2009). I parametri considerati sono: latitudine, longitudine, altitudine, temperature e precipitazioni medie mensili e annuali. Per realizzare la mappa bioclimatica della regione sono stati utilizzati indici ottenuti dalla classificazione bioclimatica, spazializzati in ambiente GIS, tenendo conto di parametri quali l‟altitudine e l‟esposizione. A tal fine si è utilizzato un modello digitale del terreno (DTM). In base alle elaborazioni effettuate, tutte le stazioni termopluviometriche rientrano nella fascia latitudinale Eutemperata e presentano una continentalità di tipo Oceanico con sottotipo Euoceanico accentuato (9 stazioni), Euoceanico attenuato (22 stazioni) e Semicontinentale attenuato (7 stazioni). Il bioclima prevalente è quello Mediterraneo pluviostagionale-oceanico (32 stazioni), mentre solo 6 località presentano un bioclima Temperato oceanico (Submediterraneo). Lo studio della vegetazione, svolto con il metodo fitosociologico, ha permesso di accertare la presenza nella regione di 10 associazioni rientranti nella classe Quercetea ilicis e di 5 associazioni ascrivibili ai Querco-Fagetea (Musarella e Spampinato, 2012). I rilievi fitosociologici di ciascuna associazione sono stati georiferiti e inserirti nel geodatabase. Per ciascuna associazione vegetale è stata calcolata la frequenza nelle varie unità bioclimatiche.

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Le informazioni sulla distribuzione e sulla caratterizzazione bioclimatica delle cenosi a Quercus in Calabria consentono la predisposizione di una corretta pianificazione delle attività di gestione delle risorse forestali che nella regione assumono una notevole importanza in relazione all‟elevata superficie coperta da queste formazioni boschive. Bibliografia Musarella C.M. & Spampinato G., 2012. Contribution to the taxonomy and ecology of the genus Quercus in Calabria (S Italy). Book abstract of International Seminar “Gestão e conservação da biodiversidade VI: What provide ecosystems?”. Tortosendo (Portugal), June 10-15, 2012. Rivas-Martinez S. & Rivas-Saenz S., 1996-2009. Worldwide Bioclimatic Classification System, Phytosociological Research Center, Spain. http://www.globalbioclimatics.org

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“Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources” Gambarie d‟Aspromonte – RC (Italy), June 2-7, 2013

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN BIOCLIMATE AND OAK FORESTS DISTRIBUTION IN CALABRIA (SOUTHERN ITALY) Spampinato G. 1, Musarella C.M.1, Cano-Ortiz A.2 1 - Dipartimento di AGRARIA - Università “Mediterranea” di Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria. (Italy). [email protected] - 2 - Departamento Biología Animal, Vegetal y Ecología. Botánica. Universidad de Jaén. 23071 Jaén. (Spain).

The oak woods are the most extensive forest formations in Calabria, representing almost 32% of the forest surface region. They are found in different ecological conditions, on substrates of various kinds, soils with different pedogenic characteristics, from sea level up to the mountain area. In order to typify these forest formations under bioclimatic profile we proceeded to the bioclimatic characterization and analysis of correspondences between the forest associations distribution and bioclimatic units. The climatic data come from the "Hydrological Annals" of the Calabria region, selecting stations with continuous recording at least 30 years for rainfall data and air temperature. For the characterization bioclimatic you have used the model of Rivas-Martínez, with the on-line program "Diagnósticos en Tiempo Real" (RivasMartínez & Rivas-Saenz, 1996-2009). The parameters considered are: latitude, longitude, altitude, temperature and precipitation average monthly and annual. To achieve the bioclimatic map of the region were used indices obtained from the bioclimatic classification, spatialized in a GIS environment, taking into account parameters such as altitude and exposure. To this end, we used a digital terrain model (DTM). According to processing carried out, all meteorological stations fall into the Eutemperate latitudinal belt and have a continentality of Oceanic type with accentuated Euoceanic subtype (9 stations), Euoceanic attenuated (22 stations) and Semicontinental attenuated (7 stations). The bioclimate is mainly Mediterranean pluviostagionale-oceanic (32 stations), while only 6 have a Temperate oceanic (sub-Mediterranean) bioclimate. The study of vegetation, carried out with the phytosociological method, has allowed to establish the presence in the region of 10 associations in Quercetea ilicis class and 5 associations attributable to the Querco-Fagetea class (Musarella and Spampinato, 2012). The phytosociological relevés of each association were geo-referenced and put yourself in the geodatabase. For each plant association the frequency in different bioclimatic units was calculated. The information on the distribution and bioclimatic characterization of Quercus dominated plant communities in Calabria allow correct proper planning of forest

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resources management that in the region are of great importance in relation to the high surface covered by these woods. Literature citied Musarella C.M. & Spampinato G., 2012. Contribution to the taxonomy and ecology of the genus Quercus in Calabria (S Italy). Book abstract of International Seminar “Gestão e conservação da biodiversidade VI: What provide ecosystems?”. Tortosendo (Portugal), June 10-15, 2012. Rivas-Martinez S. & Rivas-Saenz S., 1996-2009. Worldwide Bioclimatic Classification System, Phytosociological Research Center, Spain.

http://www.globalbioclimatics.org

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“Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources” Gambarie d‟Aspromonte – RC (Italy), June 2-7, 2013

BIODIVERSITÀ E FUNZIONALITÀ DEGLI AGROECOSISTEMI: PROBLEMATICHE DI MODIFICAZIONE, GESTIONE, MONITORAGGIO, CONSERVAZIONE E RICOSTRUZIONE Taffetani F., Lancioni A., Rismondo M. Dipartimento 3A, Università Politecnica delle Marche. Via Brecce bianche - 60131 Ancona (Italia). [email protected]

L'importanza degli ecosistemi per la conservazione della biodiversità all'interno di territori ad elevata artificializzazione è stato universalmente riconosciuto dalla maggior parte dei settori scientifici e produttivi. Tuttavia, vi è ancora una mancanza di conoscenze, metodi e prove sperimentali in grado di fornire una valutazione sensibile delle condizioni ambientali attuali e di tutte le azioni correttive da adottare. In molti settori di ricerca ambientale, l'attenzione è stata concentrata sulla conservazione delle aree di elevato valore naturale (foreste, habitat di montagna, ecc), che sono considerati come il principale serbatoio di biodiversità. Si sono così trascurati ampi territori con intensa utilizzazione agronomica che sono caratterizzati da un ridotto livello biodiversità. Oggi, stiamo assistendo a un cambiamento negli approcci ai problemi che si occupano della protezione degli ecosistemi agricoli, che riconoscono l'importanza delle interazioni tra sistemi artificiali e naturali, mentre l'introduzione del concetto della rete ecologica ha permesso la rivalutazione del aree semi-naturali per la conservazione della biodiversità. Un primo risultato è la descrizione dei componenti agro-ecosistemi, con una particolare attenzione per i tipi di vegetazione di origine antropica all'interno di territori rurali italiani (Lancioni, Taffetani, 2012a). Questo documento descrive anche i metodi per la valutazione della qualità ambientale all'interno di ecosistemi agricoli, sulla base di bio-indicatori vegetazionali e faunistici utilizzati come strumento di analisi in grado di approfittare di tutte le informazioni potenziale portata da diverse bio-cenosi. Casi di studio sono descritti anche al fine di mostrare lo stato dell‟arte nelle applicazioni e le potenzialità della ricerca (Taffetani, Rismondo, 2009, Rismondo et al., 2011). Questo tipo di interpretazione delle dinamiche del paesaggio, in particolare all'interno di ecosistemi agricoli, è coerente con l'applicazione delle attuali politiche agricole e ambientali (politica agricola comune, Programma di sviluppo rurale, la direttiva Habitat, Aree agricole ad elevato valore naturale). All'interno di questi, l'obiettivo primario della conservazione della biodiversità richiede una base di conoscenze per la valutazione dell‟efficacia delle politiche (Lancioni, Taffetani, 2012b). Risulta pertanto necessario valutare i risultati dei sistemi sostenibili per la gestione ambientale all'interno di entrambi i sistemi naturali e agricoli.

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Bibliografia Lancioni A., Taffetani F., 2012a - La valutazione della qualità ambientale in una azienda biologica. Atti del V Workshop GRAB-IT, Ancona, 10-11 maggio 2012 “Agricoltura biologica: modello sostenibile per un Mediterraneo in transizione”: 58-63. Lancioni A., Taffetani F., 2012b - Vegetation of mowed and trampled habitats of a rural hilly area (Marche Region central Italy). Plant Sociology, 49 (1): 55-80. Rismondo M., Lancioni A., Taffetani F., 2011 - Integrated tools and methods for the analysis of agro-ecosystem‟s functionality through vegetational investigations. Fitosociologia. 48 (1): 41-52. Taffetani, F. & Rismondo, M., 2009 - Bioindicators system for the evaluation of the environment quality of agro-ecosystems. Fitosociologia, Vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 3-22.

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AGRO-ECOSYSTEMS BIODIVERSITY AND FUNCTIONALITY: TRANSFORMATION, MANAGEMENT, MONITORING, CONSERVATION AND RECONSTRUCTION PROBLEMS Taffetani F., Lancioni A., Rismondo M. Dipartimento 3A, Università Politecnica delle Marche. Via Brecce bianche - 60131 Ancona (Italy). [email protected]

The importance of agro-ecosystems for the conservation of biodiversity inside human-influenced territories has been universally recognized by the most part of scientific and productive sectors. Nonetheless, there is still a lack of knowledge, methods and experimental trials able to provide a sensitive assessment of actual environmental conditions, and of all corrective actions to be taken. In many environmental research sectors, attention has been focussed on conservation of high nature value areas (forests, mountain habitats, etc.) that are considered as the main biodiversity reservoir. This has thus neglected wide territories with intense agronomic use that are characterised by a much reduced level of biodiversity. Today, we are witnessing a change in the approaches to problems dealing with the protection of agro-ecosystems, which recognize the importance of interactions between artificial and natural systems, while the introduction of the ecologicalnetwork concept has allowed the re-evaluation of the semi-natural areas for conservation of biodiversity. The description of agro-ecosystems components, starting from a focus on anthropogenic vegetation types inside Italian rural territories (Lancioni, Taffetani, 2012a). This paper will also describe methods to assess environmental quality inside agro-ecosystems, on the basis of vegetational and faunistic bio-indicators used as an analysis tool able to take advantage of all potential information brought by different bio-coenosis. Case studies will also be presented in order to show the state of the art and potential applications of the research (Taffetani, Rismondo, 2009, Rismondo et al., 2011). This kind of interpretation of landscape dynamics, especially inside agroecosystems, is coherent with the application of present-day agricultural and environmental politcies (Common Agricultural Policy, Rural Development Programme, Habitat Directive, High Nature Value Farmlands). Within these, the primary objective of biodiversity conservation requires a knowledge base for the assessment of policies effectiveness (Lancioni, Taffetani, 2012b). This is thus necessary to evaluate sustainable systems for environmental management inside both natural and agricultural systems. Literature cited

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Lancioni A., Taffetani F., 2012a - La valutazione della qualità ambientale in una azienda biologica. Atti del V Workshop GRAB-IT, Ancona, 10-11 maggio 2012 “Agricoltura biologica: modello sostenibile per un Mediterraneo in transizione”: 58-63. Lancioni A., Taffetani F., 2012b - Vegetation of mowed and trampled habitats of a rural hilly area (Marche Region central Italy). Plant Sociology, 49 (1): 55-80. Rismondo M., Lancioni A., Taffetani F., 2011 - Integrated tools and methods for the analysis of agro-ecosystem‟s functionality through vegetational investigations. Fitosociologia. 48 (1): 41-52. Taffetani, F. & Rismondo, M., 2009 - Bioindicators system for the evaluation of the environment quality of agro-ecosystems. Fitosociologia, Vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 3-22.

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COMUNICAZIONI / COMMUNICATIONS

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“Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources” Gambarie d‟Aspromonte – RC (Italy), June 2-7, 2013

EL BOSQUE SECO DE REPÚBLICA DOMINICANA Cano E.1, Cano-Ortiz A.1, Veloz A.2 1. Departamento Biología Animal, Vegetal y Ecología. Botánica. Universidad de Jaén. 23071 Jaén. (Spain). [email protected]. 2. Jardín Botánico Rafael Moscoso de Santo Domingo (República Dominicana). [email protected]

Se estudian las áreas de bosque seco de la República Dominicana. El territorio tiene un gran interés en cuanto que presenta un dominio del bosque seco, bien por presentar una baja pluviometría, con valores entre 400-800 mm, bien por localizarse en ambientes más húmedos, pero en sustratos de calizas coralinas y serpentinas, que provoca la aparición de comunidades espinescentes. Para el estudio edáfico, bioclimático, biogeográfico y de vegetación utilizamos investigaciones previas, (Liogier 1996-2000), (Borhidi 1991), (García & Clase 2002), (García et al. 2002), (García et al. 2007), (Veloz & Peguero 2002), (Cano et al. 2009a; 2010 a, b; 2011; 2013), Cano & Veloz 2012, Cano et al. inéd). Hasta el momento hemos descrito en estos ambientes las asociaciones: Chrysophyllo oliviformi-Sideroxyletum salicifolii; Zamio debilis-Metopietum toxiferi; Coccotrino gracili-Burseretum simarubae, y otras en estudio: Co. Lemaireocereus hystrix y Melocactus pedernalensis. Comunidad localizada en Pedernales-Ceitillan (Procurrente de Barahona), desarrollada sobre substratos calizos en diente de perro, donde la pluviometría oscila entre 400-800 mm, y el índice ombrotérmico Io = 1,3, con un ombrotipo que oscila del semiárido al seco y termotipo infratropica: Hábitat endémico del Procurrente de Barahona. Co. Pilosocereus polygonus y Neoabbottia paniculada, localizado en el suroeste de la isla, AzuaBani, Valle de San Juan y Hoya Enriquillo, prolongándose en Haití hasta la Bahía de Puerto Príncipe, se desarrolla en ambientes con pluviometría entre 600-800 mm, con un Io = 2 por lo que el ombroclima es seco. Hábitat endémico de AzuaSan Juan-Hoya Enriquillo. Co. Lemairocereus hystrix y Croton astrophorus, propio de las terrazas de aluvión, margas y conglomerados del mioceno y depósitos lacustres marinos. Ombrotipo semiárido-seco y termotipo infratropical. Hábitat endémico del Valle de Cibao-Montecristi. Bibliografia García, R. & T. Clase 2002. Flora y vegetación de la zona costera de las provincias de Azua y Barahona. República Dominicana. Moscosoa 13:127-173. García, R., Mejía, M., Peguero, B., Salazar J. & F. Jiménez 2002. Flora y vegetación del Parque Natural del Este, República Dominicana. Moscosoa, 13, 22-58. Veloz A. & B. Peguero 2002. Flora y vegetación de Montecristi. República Dominicana. Moscosoa 13:81-107.

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“Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources” Gambarie d‟Aspromonte – RC (Italy), June 2-7, 2013

THE DRY FOREST IN THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Cano E.1, Cano-Ortiz A.1, Veloz A.2 1. Departamento Biología Animal, Vegetal y Ecología. Botánica. Universidad de Jaén. 23071 Jaén. (Spain). [email protected]. 2. Jardín Botánico Rafael Moscoso de Santo Domingo (República Dominicana). [email protected]

A study was made of the areas of dry forest in the Dominican Republic. The territory is of considerable interest as it has a predominance of dry forest due to its low rainfall, with values of between 400-800 mm; or in more humid areas, growing on coralline and serpentine substrates that are conducive to the appearance of spiny communities. We used previous research to study the soil, bioclimate, biogeography and vegetation (Liogier 1996-2000), (Borhidi 1991), (García & Clase 2002), (García et al. 2002), (García et al. 2007), (Veloz & Peguero 2002), (Cano et al. 2009a; 2010 a, b; 2011; 2013), Cano & Veloz 2012, Cano et al. unpub.). So far in these settings we have described the following associations: Chrysophyllo oliviformi-Sideroxyletum salicifolii; Zamio debilisMetopietum toxiferi; Coccotrino gracili-Burseretum simarubae, and others under study: Co. Lemaireocereus hystrix and Melocactus pedernalensis. Community located in Pedernales-Ceitillan (Procurrente de Barahona), growing on substrates of dogtooth limestone, with a rainfall ranging from 400-800 mm, and an ombrothermal index of Io = 1.3, with an ombrotype between semiarid and dry, and an infratropical thermotype: habitat endemic to Procurrente de Barahona. Community of Pilosocereus polygonus and Neoabbottia paniculada, located in the south-west of the island, Azua-Bani, Valle de San Juan and Hoya Enriquillo, extending to Haiti as far as the Bay of Port-au-Prince, growing in locations with rainfall of between 600-800 mm, with an Io = 2 -thus in a dry ombroclimate. Endemic habitat of Azua-San Juan-Hoya Enriquillo. Community of Lemairocereus hystrix and Croton astrophorus, found on alluvial terraces, marl and Miocene conglomerates, and marine and lacustrine deposits. Semi-arid or dry ombrotype, and infratropical thermotype. Endemic habitat of the CibaoMontecristi valley. Literature cited García, R. & T. Clase 2002. Flora y vegetación de la zona costera de las provincias de Azua y Barahona. República Dominicana. Moscosoa 13:127-173. García, R., Mejía, M., Peguero, B., Salazar J. & F. Jiménez 2002. Flora y vegetación del Parque Natural del Este, República Dominicana. Moscosoa, 13, 22-58. Veloz A. & B. Peguero 2002. Flora y vegetación de Montecristi. República Dominicana. Moscosoa 13:81-107.

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“Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources” Gambarie d‟Aspromonte – RC (Italy), June 2-7, 2013

ANÁLISIS TAXONÓMICO DE GLEBIONIS CORONARIA (L.) CASS. EX SPACH EN EL MEDITERRÁNEO Cano E.1, Musarella C.M.2, Spampinato G.2, Piñar Fuentes J.C. 1, Pinto Gomes C.J. 3 1. Departamento Biología Animal, Vegetal y Ecología. Botánica. Universidad de Jaén. 23071 Jaén. (Spain). 2. Dipartimento di AGRARIA - Università “Mediterranea” di Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria. (Italy). 3. Departamento de Paisagem, Ambiente e Ordenamento / Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (ICAAM). Universidade de Évora (Portugal). Rua Romão Ramalho, nº 59, P-7000-671 Évora. (Portugal). [email protected]

Dentro del género Glebionis Cass. quedan aceptadas para el Mediterráneo las especies G. coronaria (L.) Cass. ex Spach y G. segetum (L.) Fourr. En este trabajo proponemos elevar al rango de especie G. coronaria (L.) Cass. ex Spach var. discolor (d'Urv.) Turland como Glebionis discolor (d‟Urv.) st. nov., basándonos en la disposición de las glandulas intercostales, en el color de las ligulas, tamaños y alas de las cypselas de las flores flosculosas y en su distribución. Glebionis coronaria (L.) Cass. ex Spach de ligulas totalmente amarillas es exclusivo del termoclima termomediterráneo y Glebionis discolor (d‟Urv.) stat. nov. es del termo y mesomediterráneo (en este ultimo es exclusivo). Por esto, se han muestreado territorios griegos, Sicilia y el sur de las Penínsulas Italiana e Ibérica. Se ha hecho un estudio micro y macromorfológico del material herborizado en poblaciones puras y de los pliegos de diferentes herbarios de dichos territorios. La herborización se hizo siguiendo criterios termoclimáticos con el objetivo de establecer el área de distribución de ambas variedades. Para el estudio micromorfológico de los aquenios se ha utilizado la microscopia confocal de alto poder de resolución, previo estudio con microscopia normal para ver previamente las grandes diferencias. Para la realización de las medidas de las cypselas de las flores flosculosas, se han tomado imágenes mediante microscopio estereoscópico, debidamente escaladas, de diferentes poblaciones de Portugal, España, Italia y de las cultivadas, de ambas variedades. Utilizando un número de observaciones que oscilan entre 296 y 425, se han realizado las distintas mediciones y se ha aplicado un tratamiento estadístico utilizando el programa XLSTAT. Bibliografia d'Urville, J.S.C.D., 1822. Chrysanthemum coronarium L. var. discolor d'Urv.. Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 368. Spach, E., 1841. Glebionis coronaria (L.) Cass. ex Spach. Hist. Nat. Vég. 10: 181. Turland N.J., 2004. Proposal to conserve the name Chrysanthemum coronarium (Compositae) with a conserved type. Taxon 53(4): 1072--1074.

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“Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources” Gambarie d‟Aspromonte – RC (Italy), June 2-7, 2013

TAXONOMIC ANALYSIS OF GLEBIONIS CORONARIA (L.) CASS. EX SPACH IN THE MEDITERRANEAN AREA Cano E.1, Musarella C.M.2, Spampinato G.2, Piñar Fuentes J.C. 1, Pinto Gomes C.J. 3 1. Departamento Biología Animal, Vegetal y Ecología. Botánica. Universidad de Jaén. 23071 Jaén. (Spain). 2. Dipartimento di AGRARIA - Università “Mediterranea” di Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria. (Italy). 3. Departamento de Paisagem, Ambiente e Ordenamento / Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (ICAAM). Universidade de Évora (Portugal). Rua Romão Ramalho, nº 59, P-7000-671 Évora. (Portugal). [email protected]

The species G. coronaria (L.) Cass. ex Spach and G. segetum (L.) Fourr. are accepted within the genus Glebionis Cass. for the Mediterranean. In this work we propose to elevate G. coronaria (L.) Cass. ex Spach var. discolor (d'Urv.) Turland to the rank of species as Glebionis discolor (d‟Urv.) st. nov., based on the disposition of the intercostal glands, the colour of the ligules, and the size and wings of the cypselas of the flosculous flowers and their distribution. Glebionis coronaria (L.) Cass. ex Spach with totally yellow ligules is exclusive to the mesoMediterranean thermotype, and Glebionis discolor (d‟Urv.) stat. nov. is found in the thermo- and meso-Mediterranean (it is exclusive to the latter thermotype). In view of this, samples were taken in territories in Greece, Sicily, and in the south of the Italian and Iberian peninsulas. A micro- and macro-morphological study was done on the material herborized in pure populations, and on the voucher specimens conserved in various herbaria in these territories. Herborization was done following thermoclimatic criteria in order to establish the area of distribution of both varieties. High-resolution confocal microscopy was used for the micromorphological study of the achenes, after examination with normal microscopy to determine the most significant differences. The measurements of the cypselas of the flosculous flowers were done by taking images, duly scaled, of different populations in Portugal, Spain and Italy and of cultivated populations of both varieties. The measurements were made based on a number of observations ranging between 296 and 425, and a statistical treatment was applied using the XLSTAT program. Literature cited d'Urville, J.S.C.D., 1822. Chrysanthemum coronarium L. var. discolor d'Urv.. Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 368. Spach, E., 1841. Glebionis coronaria (L.) Cass. ex Spach. Hist. Nat. Vég. 10: 181. Turland N.J., 2004. Proposal to conserve the name Chrysanthemum coronarium (Compositae) with a conserved type. Taxon 53(4): 1072--1074.

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“Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources” Gambarie d‟Aspromonte – RC (Italy), June 2-7, 2013

UN GIARDINO BOTANICO PER LA CONSERVAZIONE DEL PATRIMONIO FLORISTICO DEI MONTI PELORITANI (SICILIA NORD-ORIENTALE) Crisafulli A.1, Lombardo E.2, Picone R.M.1 1. Dipartimento Scienze Biologiche e Ambientali - Università di Messina (Italia). [email protected] - [email protected] - 2. Azienda Siciliana Foreste Demaniali Messina (Italia). [email protected]

Il territorio Peloritano è caratterizzato da una elevata biodiversità floristica (1500 specie), risultato della topografia molto varia, della sua complessa storia geologica, della posizione geografica e delle particolari condizioni climatiche, essendo costretto tra mar Jonio e mar Tirreno nell‟estremo nord-orientale della Sicilia. L‟idea di realizzare un giardino per la conservazione di tale patrimonio floristico è nata nel 2008 da una collaborazione tra l‟Orto Botanico Pietro Castelli dell‟Università di Messina, che da più di un decennio si occupa di conservazione di piante a rischio di estinzione (Picone et al., 2003; Picone & Zaccone, 2001), e l‟Azienda Foreste Demaniali di Messina (Crisafulli et al., 2009). Su una superficie terrazzata di circa 3000 m2, ubicata a 550 m s.l.m., sui Colli San Rizzo, a nord-est della città di Messina, in una conca in passato utilizzata dall‟Azienda Forestale come vivaio, sono state inserite specie arboree, arbustive ed erbacee provenienti esclusivamente dal territorio peloritano, tramite il prelevamento in situ di giovani individui e di semi. Tale collezione di flora autoctona rappresenta un importante patrimonio genetico, non solo a fine conservativo ma anche a scopo riproduttivo, costituendo una riserva di germoplasma di origine certa. Le essenze oggi presenti sono circa 250 di cui 35 specie arboree, 80 arbustive e più di 130 erbacee. Obbiettivo del progetto, oltre alla conservazione ex situ, è la divulgazione della conoscenza delle risorse naturali del territorio. A questo fine le piante sono state inserite nei terrazzamenti ricostruendo le fitocenosi più caratteristiche dei Monti Peloritani, suddivise per fasce altimetriche (fascia costiera, fascia collinare, fascia submontana e fascia montana). Seguendo i percorsi definiti dai diversi livelli si incontrano: macchia mediterranea, sughereta, gariga, praterie steppiche, vegetazione rupicola, ambienti umidi, cerreta, faggeta, querceto caducifoglio, arbusteti, vegetazione dei corsi d‟acqua. Accanto alle specie più comuni e caratteristiche delle varie tipologie di vegetazione sono state inserite specie più rare (es.: Platanus orientalis, Vitex agnus-castus, Lavandula multifida), endemismi (es.: Salix gussonei, Euphorbia corallioides, Senecio gibbosus) e piante a rischio di estinzione (es.: Cistus crispus, Limonium sibthorpianum, Dianthus rupicola), in modo che il fruitore possa conoscere tali piante contestualmente all‟ambiente in cui si possono rinvenire.

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“Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources” Gambarie d‟Aspromonte – RC (Italy), June 2-7, 2013

Particolare valenza naturalistica hanno lo stagno e l‟ambiente di forra, che ospitano specie rare quali Woodwardia radicans e Osmunda regalis. Significativa è poi la presenza di Iris pseudacorus, Sparganium erectum e Scirpus tabernaemontani, specie in forte regressione nel territorio siciliano, dei quali si conserva qui e all‟Orto Botanico “Pietro Castelli” il germoplasma degli ultimi individui del distretto floristico peloritano. La collezione è arricchita da alcune specie di interesse conservazionistico provenienti da altri territori siciliani (Petagnea gussonii, Cytisus aeolicus) e calabresi (Quercus crenata, Quercus robur, Salvia ceratophylloides, Nymphaea alba). Un‟area è poi riservata alle piante spontanee peloritane di uso alimentare e officinale. Quanto descritto si inserisce in un contesto più ampio, “Il centro polifunzionale Camaro”, centro di educazione ambientale realizzato dall‟Azienda Siciliana Foreste Demaniali; tale struttura, che si estende su una superficie di 16.000 m2, comprende altre sezioni dedicate alla botanica (le piante officinali, le piante sensoriali, i fruttiferi autoctoni), il giardino delle farfalle e un suggestivo settore, curato dal prof. M. Triscari, dedicato alla geologia della provincia di Messina con una mappa litologica di 300 m2. Bibliografia Crisafulli A., Lombardo E., Picone R. M., Sirone A., Triscari M., 2009. The “Vivaio Camaro”: a geological and botanical garden, as support of educational sciences. Geoitalia, 3: 379-380 . 9-11 settembre 2009. Rimini. Picone R.M., Crisafulli A., Damino R., Zaccone S., 2003. The flora of Peloritan District (Sicily): contribution to the knowledge of endangered entites distribution - Bocconea, 16(2): 831-838. Picone R.M., Zaccone S., 2001. Un progetto dell‟Orto Botanico di Messina per la conservazione di specie endemiche a rischio della Sicilia nord-orientale. Inf. Bot. Ital., 33 (1): 248-250.

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“Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources” Gambarie d‟Aspromonte – RC (Italy), June 2-7, 2013

A BOTANIC GARDEN FOR THE CONSERVATION OF THE FLORISTIC HERITAGE OF THE PELORITANI MOUNTS (NORTH-EAST SICILY) Crisafulli A.1, Lombardo E.2, Picone R.M.1 1. Dipartimento Scienze Biologiche e Ambientali - Università di Messina (Italia). [email protected] - [email protected] - 2. Azienda Siciliana Foreste Demaniali Messina (Italia). [email protected]

The Peloritan territory is characterised by a rich floristic biodiversity (1500 species), result of its varied topography, of its complicated geological history, of its geographical position and of the specific climatic conditions, being constricted between Ionian and Tyrrhenian seas, right in the extreme north-east Sicily. The idea of realising a garden for the conservation of such floristic heritage was born in 2008 by the cooperation between the Botanic Garden “Pietro Castelli”, belonging to the University of Messina, which works on conservation of endangered plants from more than a decade (Picone et al., 2003; Picone & Zaccone, 2001), and the Azienda Foreste Demaniali of Messina (Crisafulli et al., 2009). On a terraced slope of 3000 m², located at 550 m.a.s.l. on the “Colli San Rizzo”, north-east of Messina, in a hollow, previously used as a nursery by the Azienda Forestale, trees, shrubs and herbaceous species, all coming from the peloritan territory only and collected in situ as young specimens or seeds, were planted. This native flora collection represents an important genetic heritage, not only for a preservative but also for a reproductive purpose, constituting a reserve of germplasm of certain origin. Nowadays, there are 250 species 35 of which are trees, 80 shrubs and more than 130 herbaceous. The target of this project, ex situ conservation apart, is the divulgation of the knowledge about the natural resources of our territory. For this purpose, the plants were put in place on the terraces, reconstituting the most typical phytocoenosis of the Peloritani Mounts, subdivided into different altimetrical zones (coastal zone, hill zone, sub-mountain zone and mountain zone). Following the paths through the different levels there are: Mediterranean scrub, cork oak wood, garigue, steppes, rocky cliff vegetation, wetlands, turkey oak forest, beech forest, deciduous oak forest, shrubland, river vegetation. Beside the most common and characteristic species of the different kinds of vegetation, rarer species have been put in place (es.: Platanus orientalis, Vitex agnus-castus, Lavandula multifida), endemic species (es.: Salix gussonei, Euphorbia corallioides, Senecio gibbosus) and endangered species (es.: Cistus crispus, Limonium sibthorpianum, Dianthus rupicola), so that the visitor can get to know both those plants and the habitat where they can be found simultaneously.

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“Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources” Gambarie d‟Aspromonte – RC (Italy), June 2-7, 2013

The pond and the gorge environment have a high naturalistic value, they hold rare species like Woodwardia radicans and Osmunda regalis. Moreover, the presence of Iris pseudacorus, Sparganium erectum and Scirpus tabernaemontani, species facing a fast regression all over the sicilian territory, whose germplasm belonging to the last specimens in the floristic district is kept here and at the botanic garden “Pietro Castelli” is noteworthy. The collection is enriched by some species of conservationistic interest coming from other sicilian (Petagnea gussonii, Cytisus aeolicus) and calabrian (Quercus crenata, Quercus robur, Salvia ceratophylloides, Nymphaea alba) territories. Finally, an area is dedicated to spontaneous plants, from the Peloritani mounts, of alimentary and officinal usage. Everything previously described is part of an ampler context, “the polyfunctional center of Camaro”, an environmental education center realized by the Azienda Siciliana Foreste Demaniali; this structure, spread on a surface of 16.000 m², includes other sections dedicated to botany (officinal plants, sensorial plants, autochthon fructiferous trees), the butterfly garden and a suggestive section, managed by the professor M. Triscari, dedicated to the geology of the province of Messina with a lithological map 300 m2 large. Literature cited Crisafulli A., Lombardo E., Picone R. M., Sirone A., Triscari M., 2009. The “Vivaio Camaro”: a geological and botanical garden, as support of educational sciences. Geoitalia, 3: 379-380 . 9-11 settembre 2009. Rimini. Picone R.M., Crisafulli A., Damino R., Zaccone S., 2003. The flora of Peloritan District (Sicily): contribution to the knowledge of endangered entites distribution - Bocconea, 16(2): 831-838. Picone R.M., Zaccone S., 2001. Un progetto dell‟Orto Botanico di Messina per la conservazione di specie endemiche a rischio della Sicilia nord-orientale. Inf. Bot. Ital., 33 (1): 248-250.

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“Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources” Gambarie d‟Aspromonte – RC (Italy), June 2-7, 2013

RINATURALIZZAZIONE DI RIMBOSCHIMENTI A CONIFERE NEGLI IBLEI (SICILIA SUD-ORIENTALE) Cristaudo A., Restuccia A,. Xibilia L., Maugeri G. Dip. di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali - via Valdisavoia n. 5 - 95123 Catania - Università degli Studi di Catania (Italia). [email protected]

Nell‟ambito delle ricerche sullo studio della vegetazione in popolamenti boschivi artificiali della Sicilia (Cristaudo et al., 2008), nel triennio 2009-2011 nel territorio dei Monti Iblei (Sicilia Sud-orientale) sono state effettuate indagini in varie tipologie di formazioni a conifere (a Pinus pinea, a P. halepensis, a P. radiata, miste, miste con eucalipto), al fine di evidenziarne le tendenze evolutive e le potenzialità in atto. Considerato che i rimboschimenti artificiali sono formazioni con bassi valori di biodiversità, non in equilibrio con l‟ambiente, che necessitano dell‟intervento dell‟uomo sia per il loro mantenimento sia per la loro conversione in boschi naturali (Nocentini, 2005), scopo di questa ricerca è pervenire ad indicazioni utili a livello gestionale per incrementare la ricchezza floristica e la biodiversità favorendo l‟insediamento di entità arboree e arbustive autoctone dell‟area di studio. Nel corso delle indagini particolare attenzione è stata rivolta all‟analisi della componente fanerofitica naturale in relazione ai caratteri stazionali, alla struttura del soprassuolo arboreo, agli interventi selvicolturali, agli incendi e all‟attività di pascolo. Dai risultati ottenuti, considerate le differenze rilevate nella componente floristica in funzione delle variabili coinvolte (specie utilizzata, caratteristiche del „soprassuolo‟, copertura, geo-morfologia, interventi colturali, fattori di disturbo, ecc.) si evidenzia che non è possibile pervenire ad indicazioni colturali di validità generale o generalizzabili, ma di poter indicare, per ciascuna tipologia e per le variabili stazionali coinvolte, gli interventi selvicolturali più idonei per la conversione in boschi naturali. Bibliografia Cristaudo A., Bevilacqua G., Maugeri G., 2008. Studio della vegetazione in popolamenti boschivi artificiali della Sicilia. Atti III Congresso Nazionale Selvicoltura, 1: 169-176. Nocentini S., 2005. Un possibile approccio per valutare la potenzialità di rinaturalizzazione dei soprassuoli artificiali di conifere. Forest@ 2 (3): 275-277.

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“Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources” Gambarie d‟Aspromonte – RC (Italy), June 2-7, 2013

RENATURALIZATION OF CONIFERS WOODLANDS IN THE IBLEAN MOUNTAINS (SOUTH-EASTERN SICILY) Cristaudo A., Restuccia A., Xibilia L., Maugeri G. Dip. di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali - via Valdisavoia n. 5 - 95123 Catania - Università degli Studi di Catania (Italia). [email protected]

Based on previous studies on the vegetation in Sicilian artificial forest populations (Cristaudo et al., 2008), in the Iblean mountains (south-eastern Sicily) in the period 2009-2011, investigations on different typologies of coniferous woodlands (Pinus pinea, P. halepensis, P. radiate, mixed conifers, mixed conifer with eucalyptus) were carried out in order to deepen the knowledge on their potentiality and evolutionary dynamics. Considering that artificial reforestations are mainly woodlands with low values of biodiversity, not in balance with the environment, that require anthropic presence both for their continuance and renaturalization (Nocentini, 2005), the aim of this research is to gain useful information on their management to improve the floristic richness and biodiversity supporting the establishment of tree species and shrubs that are native to the study area. During the investigations, particular attention has been paid to the analysis of the natural phanerophytic component in relation to the stational characters, the structure of the forest area, silviculture, grazing and forest fires . The results highlighted differences in the floristic component as a function of the variables involved (implanted species, characteristics of the 'topsoil', cover, soil, geomorphology, cultural practices, noise factors, etc.) and showed that it is not possible to determine agroforestry protocols of general validity or which are generalizable. On the other hand the most suitable silvicultural systems for the conversion to natural woodlands for each of the investigated species and for the different environmental factors were indicated Literature cited Cristaudo A., Bevilacqua G., Maugeri G., 2008. Studio della vegetazione in popolamenti boschivi artificiali della Sicilia. Atti III Congresso Nazionale Selvicoltura, 1: 169-176. Nocentini S., 2005. Un possibile approccio per valutare la potenzialità di rinaturalizzazione dei soprassuoli artificiali di conifere. Forest@ 2 (3): 275-277.

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CONSERVAZIONE DELLA BIODIVERSITÀ: IL CASO DI STUDIO DEL SIC “MONTI DELLA LAGA” Di Somma A.1, Redondo García M.M.2, Hermosilla Gónzález A.B.2 1. CNR - ITABC (Istituto per le Tecnologie Applicate ai Beni Culturali), Roma (Italia). 2. Universidad Complutense de Madrid - Dpto de Análisis Geográfico Regional y Geografía Física. (España). [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

I SIC (Siti di Importanza Comunitaria), riconosciuti dalla Direttiva Habitat, hanno l‟obiettivo di conservare i paesaggi naturali e seminaturali, la flora e la fauna, preservando le specie animali e vegetali presenti al fine di far parte del patrimonio naturale della Comunità Europea. I SIC possiedono un‟importanza strategica per la qualità ambientale di un territorio e per la protezione e la salvaguardia della biodiversità. Il presente contributo si pone l‟obiettivo di descrivere il SIC “Monti della Laga” attraverso un‟analisi quantitativa e qualitativa effettuata dal Ministero dell'Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio e del Mare, che ha analizzato gli elementi ecologici e di protezione più rappresentativi Bibliografia Alessandrini A., 1978. “I Monti della Laga”, en Natura e Montagna n°25, pp. 37-45. Biondi E., Blasi C., 2009. Manuale italiano di interpretazione degli habitat della Direttiva 92/43/CEE. Società Botanica Italiana e Ministero dell‟Ambiente e della Tute´´la del Territorio e del Mare. Bulgarini F., Calvario E., Fraticelli F., Petretti F., Sarrocco S., 1998. Libro Rosso degli Animali d‟Italia - Vertebrati. WWF Italia - Onlus. Roma, pp. 210. Burri E., Centofanti M., 2002. Parco Nazionale del Gran Sasso e Monti della Laga. Carsa Edizioni. Pescara. Cerfolli F., Petrassi F., Petretti F., 2002. Libro Rosso degli Animali d‟Italia - Invertebrati. WWF Italia - Onlus. Roma. Directiva 79/409 CEE. Directiva 92/43 CEE. Ministero dell‟Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio e del Mare, 2009. Formulario Standard del SIC “Monti della Laga”. www.miniambiente.it. Pedrotti F., 1981. “La vegetazione dei Monti della Laga (Italia centrale)” en Giornale Botanico Italiano, pp. 115-335. Plini P., 1987. “L‟avifauna dei Monti della Laga (versante occidentale)”, en Natura e Montaga n° 34.

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BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION: THE CASE STUDY OF SCI “MONTI DELLA LAGA” Di Somma A.1, Redondo García M.M.2, Hermosilla Gónzález A.B.2 1. CNR - ITABC (Istituto per le Tecnologie Applicate ai Beni Culturali), Roma (Italia). 2. Universidad Complutense de Madrid - Dpto de Análisis Geográfico Regional y Geografía Física. (España). [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

The SCIs (Sites of Community Importance), recognized for the Habitats Directive, are intended to conserve the natural and semi-natural landscape, flora and fauna and preserve the species in general as the European Community Heritage. The SCIs have great importance for the environmental quality of the territory and for the protection and restoration of biodiversity. This paper aims to describe the SCI “Monti della Laga” through an evaluation conducted by the Italian Ministry of Environment, analyzing the ecological elements more representative. Literature cited Alessandrini A., 1978. “I Monti della Laga”, en Natura e Montagna n°25, pp. 37-45. Biondi E., Blasi C., 2009. Manuale italiano di interpretazione degli habitat della Direttiva 92/43/CEE. Società Botanica Italiana e Ministero dell‟Ambiente e della Tute´´la del Territorio e del Mare. Bulgarini F., Calvario E., Fraticelli F., Petretti F., Sarrocco S., 1998. Libro Rosso degli Animali d‟Italia - Vertebrati. WWF Italia - Onlus. Roma, pp. 210. Burri E., Centofanti M., 2002. Parco Nazionale del Gran Sasso e Monti della Laga. Carsa Edizioni. Pescara. Cerfolli F., Petrassi F., Petretti F., 2002. Libro Rosso degli Animali d‟Italia - Invertebrati. WWF Italia - Onlus. Roma. Directiva 79/409 CEE. Directiva 92/43 CEE. Ministero dell‟Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio e del Mare, 2009. Formulario Standard del SIC “Monti della Laga”. www.miniambiente.it. Pedrotti F., 1981. “La vegetazione dei Monti della Laga (Italia centrale)” en Giornale Botanico Italiano, pp. 115-335. Plini P., 1987. “L‟avifauna dei Monti della Laga (versante occidentale)”, en Natura e Montaga n° 34.

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BOSCHI DI PINUS NIGRA SSP. CALABRICA IN SILA: PROSPETTIVE DI CONSERVAZIONE E GESTIONE Gangale C.1, Menguzzato G.2, Statti G. 1, Uzunov D.3 1. Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza (Italia). [email protected] [email protected] - 2. Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, 89124 Reggio Calabria (Italia). [email protected] - 3. Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60121, Ancona (Italia). [email protected]

Il presente lavoro si basa sulla lettura del paesaggio vegetale attraverso l‟utilizzo di modelli GIS per l‟analisi dell‟informazione territoriale in chiave diacronica. Il massiccio della Sila, situato in Calabria raggiungendo 1927 m s.l.m. (Monte Botte Donato), è un territorio di notevole interesse fitogeografico. Questo territorio, insieme con altre montagne della Calabria meridionale e quelli di NE Sicilia appartengono all‟arco Calabro-Peloritano, unità Ercinica caratterizzata da rocce silicee. Da (800) 1000 - 1600 m s.l.m. la vegetazione è caratterizzata dalla presenza di faggete (Doronico-Fagion) spesso alternate su substrati ben drenati da boschi a Pinus nigra ssp. calabrica. Per il gruppo sistematico di Pinus nigra s.l. manca una interpretazione ampiamente accettata, nonostante che la bibliografia di riferimento risalga ai primi anni del „900. Tuttavia esistono numerosi dati a supporto di un forte isolamento delle popolazioni calabresi che sono state formalizzate con il nome di Pinus nigra Arnold ssp. calabrica (Land.) E. Murray. L‟utilizzo delle pinete in Sila risale sicuramente a tempi antichi - Dionigi di Alicarnasso parla delle risorse silane, quali il legname degli alberi utilizzato per la costruzione di case e navi, nonché l‟estrazione della pece (pix bruttia), che viene definita come la “più odorosa e gradevole” e che rappresentava una importante parte dell‟economia locale. Alla fine del VI e fino all‟VIII secolo, il sistema boschivo silano esporta legname, tanto che papa Gregorio Magno, nel febbraioaprile 599 (Greg. Magno, Epist., 124-127), ordina ad alcuni vescovi del Bruzio di occuparsi del taglio del legname per riparare il tetto delle chiese di Roma intitolate a S. Pietro e S. Paolo. In diverse aree, le pinete sono di origine artificiale e rappresentano il frutto degli interventi di rimboschimento e di ricostituzione boschiva promossi dalla I° e II° Legge Speciale Calabria tra il 1956 e il 1980. Per la caratterizzazione delle comunità (sia naturali che impianti forestali) del pino calabro è stato avviato uno studio geosinfitosociologico, basato su rilievi programmati secondo una segmentazione territoriale, che permette di correlare la composizione floristica e l‟ecologia delle specie che compongono le associazioni vegetali ai fattori (abiotici e biotici) ambientali ed in tal modo di definire sia i rapporti catenali che quelli dinamici delle serie. In questo modo si è cercato di caratterizzare la vegetazione

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potenziale attuale e la distribuzione potenziale di P. nigra ssp. calabrica. Tale studio è posto come punto di partenza per poter definire le politiche di conservazione e gestione delle pinete (Habitat *9530 Dir. 92/43 CEE) conciliandole con gli aspetti produttivi e di promozione del territorio.

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PINUS NIGRA SUBSP. CALABRICA WOODS IN SILA MOUNTAIN: PERSPECTIVES FOR CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT Gangale C.1, Menguzzato G.2, Statti G. 1, Uzunov D.3 1. Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza (Italia). [email protected] [email protected] - 2. Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, 89124 Reggio Calabria (Italia). [email protected] - 3. Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60121, Ancona (Italia). [email protected]

The study is based on a plant landscape interpretation by use of GIS models for land information analysis in a diachronic key. The Sila Mt., placed in Calabria, reaching 1927 m a.s.l. (Botte Donato Mt.), is a territory of high phytogeographic interest. This area, together with other South Calabria and NE Sicily mountains belongs to the Calabrian-Arc, an Ercinic unit characterized by siliceous rocks. From (800) 1000 - 1600 m a.s.l., vegetation is characterized by beech forests (Doronico-Fagion) often alternated to Pinus nigra subsp. calabrica woods, especially on well-drained soil. The systematic group of Pinus nigra s.l. lacks a largely shared interpretation, in spite of literature on this matter dates back to the first years of 1900‟s. However taxonomic data support the hypothesis of a strong isolation of Calabrian populations, formalized with the name of Pinus nigra Arnold subsp. calabrica (Land.) E. Murray. Pinewoods exploitation in Sila dates back to ancient time - Dionysius of Halicarnassus mentions Silan resources, such as timber used for building houses and ships, as well as the production of pith from pine resin (pix bruttia), considered “the most aromatic and agreeable ones”, that represented a consistent part of local economy. From the end of the VI till the VIII century, the Silan forest system exported timber, so that the pope Gregory the Great, on February-April 599 (Greg. Magno, Epist., 124-127) ordered to some bishops from Calabria to take care of timber cut in order to repair roofs of Roman churches dedicated to S. Peter and S. Paul. In many areas, pinewoods are of artificial origin and are the result of tree plantings and reforestation promoted by I and II Calabria Special Law between 1956 and 1980. In order to characterize Calabrian pine communities (both natural and artificial ones) a geosinphytosociological study has been carried out, based on relevés planned following a GIS territorial segmentation, with the aim to correlate floristic composition and species ecology to environmental (biotic and abiotic) factors and to define dynamic and ecological relations in the vegetation series. In this way, it is possible to characterize potential vegetation and potential distribution of P. nigra subsp. calabrica.

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This study can be considered a starting point in order to define conservation and management policies of pinewoods (Habitat *9530 Dir. 92/43 EEC), balancing with productive needs and promotion of the territory.

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BIOGEOGRAFÍA DE LA FLORA GIPSÍCOLA IBÉRICA Martínez-Hernández F.1, Mendoza-Fernández A.J.1, Pérez-García F. J.1, MartínezNieto M.I.1, Garrido-Becerra J. A. 1, Salmerón-Sánchez E.1, Merlo M.E.1, Gil C.2, Mota J.F.1 1. Dpto. Biología y Geología, Univ. de Almería. Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain - 2. Dpto. Agronomía, Univ. de Almería. Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain. Los afloramientos de yeso o aljezares presentan una gran riqueza y rareza (endemismos) desde el punto de vista florístico (Martínez-Hernández et al., 2011), por lo que se hallan recogidos como hábitats prioritarios por la UE. Se ha elaborado una base de datos corológica que refleja la distribución ibérica de 71 gipsófitos recogida en cuadrículas UTM 10x10 km de lado de manera que la base de datos cuenta con 23.940 registros distribuidos en 1.174 cuadrículas. Mediante análisis biogeográficos utilizando los programas CLIQUE y ENDEMISM se determinaron las relaciones entre los diferentes territorios considerados y se establecieron los centros de endemismo de los gipsófitos ibéricos. El análisis panbiogeográfico distinguió cuatro áreas que son el Ebro, la Meseta, el Guadiana Menor y el Sureste Ibérico. En cuanto a los centros de endemismo, Sorbas fue la zona que más veces resultó seleccionada y la que obtuvo mayores valores de endemicidad, de manera que quedó claramente diferenciada frente al resto de la península ibérica. Estos resultados, coincidentes con otros análisis biogeográficos previos, ponen de manifiesto el papel como refugio de las zonas meridionales de la Península Ibérica y la influencia de la aridez en la génesis de la flora gipsófila. Bibliografia Martínez-Hernández F., Pérez-García F.J., Garrido-Becerra J.A., Mendoza-Fernández A.J., Medina-Cazorla J.M., Martínez-Nieto M.I., Merlo Calvente M.E. & Mota J.F., 2011. The distribution of Iberian gypsophilous flora as a criterion for conservation policy. Biodivers Conserv 20, 1353-1364. DOI 10.1007/s10531-011-0031-2.

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BIOGEOGRAPHY OF THE IBERIAN GYPSICOLOUS FLORA Martínez-Hernández F.1, Mendoza-Fernández A.J.1, Pérez-García F. J.1, MartínezNieto M.I.1, Garrido-Becerra J. A. 1, Salmerón-Sánchez E.1, Merlo M.E.1, Gil C.2, Mota J.F.1 1. Dpto. Biología y Geología, Univ. de Almería. Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain - 2. Dpto. Agronomía, Univ. de Almería. Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain. With a large number of endemic species, the flora growing on gypsum outcrops or aljezares is extremely rich and rare (Martínez-Hernández et al., 2011), and not surprisingly the sites involved are considered as priority habitats by the UE. We have created a chorological data base reflecting the Iberian distribution of 71 gypsophytes taken from 10x10 km UTM grids, so that the data base has 23,940 records from a total of 1,174 grids. By biogeographic analysis using CLIQUE and ENDEMISM programs were determined relations between different territories considered and established centers of endemism of Iberian gypsophytes. Panbiogeographic analysis identified four areas which are the Ebro, the Meseta, the Guadiana Menor and the Iberian Southeast. As centers of endemism, Sorbas was the place that most times was selected and with the highest endemicity values, so that was clearly differentiated from the rest of the Iberian Peninsula. These results, consistent with other previous biogeographic analyses, reveal the role as a refuge from the southern areas of the Iberian Peninsula and the influence of aridity in the genesis of gypsophile flora. Literature cited Martínez-Hernández F., Pérez-García F.J., Garrido-Becerra J.A., Mendoza-Fernández A.J., Medina-Cazorla J.M., Martínez-Nieto M.I., Merlo Calvente M.E. & Mota J.F., 2011. The distribution of Iberian gypsophilous flora as a criterion for conservation policy. Biodivers Conserv 20, 1353-1364. DOI 10.1007/s10531-011-0031-2.

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LA TRANSFORMACIÓN DE RURAL A URBANO EN EL ÁREA METROPOLITANA DE MADRID, IMPACTO EN LA CONSERVACIÓN DE LA BIODIVERSIDAD: COSLADA, EJEMPLO DE LA FALTA DE RACIONALIDAD EN LA PLANIFICACIÓN DE LOS USOS DEL SUELO Martínez Labarga J. M. Unidad de Botánica, Departamento de Producción Vegetal: Botánica y Protección Vegetal, Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal y del Medio Natural (EIFORNAT), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Ramiro de Maeztu s/n, Madrid (Italia). [email protected]

En los últimos años el paisaje del área metropolitana de la urbe madrileña ha experimentado grandes cambios en los usos del suelo. El incremento poblacional de Madrid ha sido muy importante, en consecuencia grandes extensiones de superficie han pasado a suelo urbano. Este lógico desarrollo en aras del progreso y bienestar de la población en principio ha respetado las áreas forestales arboladas, como El Pardo, etc.. Sin embargo los valores naturales en suelos desarbolados, han quedado sin una protección efectiva, como los pastizales, los matorrales halonitrófilos y los yesares. Muchas de estas comunidades vegetales que llegan a la periferia de Madrid han sido alteradas o destruidas, a pesar de tratarse de comunidades incluidas en la directiva de hábitats (92/43/CEE): Se podrían enumerar muchos ejemplos concretos en el área metropolitana madrileña, pero de entre todos ellos destacan los pastizales que se encuentran y que han sido parcialmente destruidos en Coslada, en la ampliación del Centro de Transportes. En este punto se han localizado muchas especies raras, algunas únicas como Triticum boeoticum, Cynara tournefortii, Malvella sherardiana, Teucrium spinosum, Convolvulus humilis, entre otras, de más de 350 especies que se han inventariado en ese lugar. La planificación del territorio en Madrid no ha seguido pautas de conservación del patrimonio natural y han prevalecido intereses particulares frente a un interés general de conservación de la biodiversidad. Una Sociedad bien formada e informada hubiera demandado una eficaz protección de estos valores naturales. Bibliografia Martínez Labarga J.M., López Jiménez N., López González G. & Abad Garrido B., 2005. "La importancia de ciertos enclaves madrileños para la conservación de la biodiversidad" II Congreso de Biol. Cons.de Plantas, Jardín Botánico Atlántico y SEBICOP, Gijón. Martínez Labarga J.M., 2009. "Status actual de especies raras en la comunidad de Madrid. Propuesta para la protección de espacios " IV Congreso de Biol. Cons.de Plantas, Univ.de Almería y SEBICOP, Almería.

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Martínez Labarga J.M., 2010. Madrid: Un panorama poco alentador para la conservación de las especies vegetales. Conservación Vegetal 14: 20-21. Ruiz M., Fité R., Novillo M.A. & Martínez Labarga J.M., 2012. Short communication. Collection and characterisation of a population of Triticum boeoticum Boiss., a wild wheat species not previously found in the Mediterranean western region Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 10(4), 1070-1074.

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RURAL TRANSFORMATION OF URBAN IN THE METROPOLITAN AREA OF MADRID, IMPACT ON BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION: COSLADA, EXAMPLE OF FAILURE IN PLANNING RATIONALE OF LAND USE Martínez Labarga J. M. Unidad de Botánica, Departamento de Producción Vegetal: Botánica y Protección Vegetal, Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal y del Medio Natural (EIFORNAT), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Ramiro de Maeztu s/n, Madrid (Italia). [email protected]

In recent years, the landscape of the metropolitan area of Madrid city has taken large changes in land use. Population growth has been very important Madrid, consequently large surface areas of urban land have passed. This logical development for the progress and welfare of the population in principle has been respected wooded forest areas, such as “El Pardo”, etc...However natural values in soils treeless left without effective protection, such as grassland, nitrophilous scrub and gypsum. Many of these plant communities that reach the outskirts of Madrid have been altered or destroyed, despite being of communities included in the Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC). One could list many specific examples in the metropolitan area of Madrid, but among all of them include grasslands that are and have been partially destroyed in Coslada, expanding Transportation Center. At this point you have located many rare species, some unique in Madrid like Triticum boeoticum, Cynara tournefortii, Malvella sherardiana, Teucrium spinosum, Convolvulus humilis, among others, over 350 species have been recorded in that place. Spatial planning in Madrid did not follow guidelines of natural heritage conservation interests have prevailed against the general interest of biodiversity conservation. A well-educated and informed society would have demanded an efficient protection of these natural values. Literature cited Martínez Labarga J.M., López Jiménez N., López González G. & Abad Garrido B., 2005. "La importancia de ciertos enclaves madrileños para la conservación de la biodiversidad" II Congreso de Biol. Cons.de Plantas, Jardín Botánico Atlántico y SEBICOP, Gijón. Martínez Labarga J.M., 2009. "Status actual de especies raras en la comunidad de Madrid. Propuesta para la protección de espacios " IV Congreso de Biol. Cons.de Plantas, Univ.de Almería y SEBICOP, Almería. Martínez Labarga J.M., 2010. Madrid: Un panorama poco alentador para la conservación de las especies vegetales. Conservación Vegetal 14: 20-21. Ruiz M., Fité R., Novillo M.A. & Martínez Labarga J.M., 2012. Short communication. Collection and characterisation of a population of Triticum boeoticum Boiss., a wild

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wheat species not previously found in the Mediterranean western region Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 10(4), 1070-1074.

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ANÁLISE BIOGEOGRÁFICA DO ENDEMISMO PORTUGUÊS TEUCRIUM SALVIASTRUM SCHREB. Meireles C., Mendes P., Vila-Viçosa C., Pinto-Gomes C. Departamento de Paisagem, Ambiente e Ordenamento, Escola de Ciência e Tecnologia (ECT), Universidade de Évora (Portugal). Rua Romão Ramalho, nº 59, P-7000-671 Évora, Portugal / Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (ICAAM). Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7002-554 Évora (Portugal). [email protected]

Tipicamente incluído na Bacia do Mediterrâneo, um dos maiores centros de diversidade vegetal do Mundo, Portugal possui uma elevada biodiversidade que inclui cerca de 4000 taxa de plantas, presentes num território relativamente diminuto. Esta diversidade compreende várias plantas endémicas, incluindo Teucrium salviastrum Schreb, um taxóne restrito de Ecossistemas montanhosos do Centro-Norte de Portugal. Dada a sua particular e restricta distribuição, os impactos nas populações deste táxone têm sido intensos nas últimas décadas, especialmente devido a fogos e florestações. As previsões futuras não são melhores, maioritariamente associadas às expansões de parques eólicos e alterações ambientais de âmbito climático. Neste trabalho estudámos as peculiaridades ecológicas e biogeográficas deste táxone, de forma a compreender os factores que determinam a sua restricta distribuição. Assim, com este objectivo conduzimos uma revisão bibliográfica e trabalho de campo de forma a determinar a sua área actual. Usámos ferramentas SIG de forma a compreende as necessidades ecológicas desta planta. Também promovemos uma revisão das principais associações onde esta espécie está presente. Os resultados obtidos são particularmente importantes como base para o ordenamento do território e para compreender a potencial expansão/retracção deste táxone no futuro. Bibliografia Jansen J., 2002. Guia Geobotânico da Serra da Estrela. Parque Natural da Serra da Estrela, Manteigas. 276p. Meireles C., 2010. Flora e vegetação da Serra da Estrela - aproximação fitossociológica da vertente meridional. Dissertação de doutoramento, Universidad de Jaén. 397p. Meireles, C., Pinto-Gomes C. & Cano E., 2012. Approach to climatophilous vegetation series of Serra da Estrela (Portugal) Approche des séries de végétation climatophiles de la Serra da Estrela (Portugal). Acta Botanica Gallica, 159(3), 283-287. Meireles, C. & Pinto-Gomes C., 2012. Guia de campo do itinerário geobotânico à Serra da Estrela. Folia Botanica Extremadurensis, 6:106-170. Pinto-Gomes C., M. Ladero, E. Cano, C. Meireles, C. Aguiar & R. Paiva-Ferreira 2010. Le Teucrio salviastri-Quercetum rotundifoliae, nouvelle association forestière de chêne à

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feuilles rondes des montagnes du centre duPortugal. Acta Botanica Gallica 157 (1): 2536. Pinto-Gomes C., R. Paiva-Ferreira & C. Meireles 2007. New proposals on Portuguese vegetation. Lazaroa 28: 67-77. Rivas-Martínez S., 1974. Datos sobre la flora y la vegetación de la Serra da Estrela (Portugal). Anal. R. Acad. Farm. 40(1):65-74. Rivas-Martínez S., 1981. Sobre la vegetación de la Serra da Estrela (Portugal). Anales Real Acad. Farm. 47: 435-480.

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BIOGEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF THE PORTUGUESE ENDEMISM TEUCRIUM SALVIASTRUM SCHREB. Meireles C., Mendes P., Vila-Viçosa C., Pinto-Gomes C. Departamento de Paisagem, Ambiente e Ordenamento, Escola de Ciência e Tecnologia (ECT), Universidade de Évora (Portugal). Rua Romão Ramalho, nº 59, P-7000-671 Évora, Portugal / Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (ICAAM). Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7002-554 Évora (Portugal). [email protected]

Typically included in the Mediterranean basis, one of the world's major centers of plant diversity, Portugal holds a high biodiversity that includes about 4000 plant taxa, present in a very small territory. This diversity comprises several endemic plants including Teucrium salviastrum Schreb a taxon restricted to mountainous ecosystems from central-north of Portugal. Because of its particular and restrict distribution, the impacts on this taxon populations have been intense in the past decades, especially due to wildfires and forestations. The future predictions are not much better, mainly because of wind farms expansions and climate change. In this work we have studied the ecological and biogeographic peculiarities of this taxon, in order to understand the factors that determine its restricted distribution. With this aim we conducted a literature review and field incursions in order to determine its actual range. We used GIS tools to understand the main ecological needs of this plant. We also perform an overview of the main associations were this species is present. The obtained results are particular important as basis for land management and to understand potential expansion/contraction of this taxon in the future. Literature cited Jansen J., 2002. Guia Geobotânico da Serra da Estrela. Parque Natural da Serra da Estrela, Manteigas. 276p. Meireles C., 2010. Flora e vegetação da Serra da Estrela - aproximação fitossociológica da vertente meridional. Dissertação de doutoramento, Universidad de Jaén. 397p. Meireles, C., Pinto-Gomes C. & Cano E., 2012. Approach to climatophilous vegetation series of Serra da Estrela (Portugal) Approche des séries de végétation climatophiles de la Serra da Estrela (Portugal). Acta Botanica Gallica, 159(3), 283-287. Meireles, C. & Pinto-Gomes C., 2012. Guia de campo do itinerário geobotânico à Serra da Estrela. Folia Botanica Extremadurensis, 6:106-170. Pinto-Gomes C., M. Ladero, E. Cano, C. Meireles, C. Aguiar & R. Paiva-Ferreira 2010. Le Teucrio salviastri-Quercetum rotundifoliae, nouvelle association forestière de chêne à

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feuilles rondes des montagnes du centre duPortugal. Acta Botanica Gallica 157 (1): 2536. Pinto-Gomes C., R. Paiva-Ferreira & C. Meireles 2007. New proposals on Portuguese vegetation. Lazaroa 28: 67-77. Rivas-Martínez S., 1974. Datos sobre la flora y la vegetación de la Serra da Estrela (Portugal). Anal. R. Acad. Farm. 40(1):65-74. Rivas-Martínez S., 1981. Sobre la vegetación de la Serra da Estrela (Portugal). Anales Real Acad. Farm. 47: 435-480.

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DINÂMICA VEGETAL EM ECOLOGIA DA PAISAGEM Mendes P., Batista T., Meireles C., Vila-Viçosa C., Pinto-Gomes C. Departamento de Paisagem, Ambiente e Ordenamento, Escola de Ciência e Tecnologia (ECT), Universidade de Évora (Portugal). Rua Romão Ramalho, nº 59, P-7000-671 Évora, Portugal / Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (ICAAM). Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7002-554 Évora (Portugal). [email protected]

O conceito de Ecologia da Paisagem é basicamente fundamentado na noção que a partição dos elementos da paisagem (patches) influenciam fortemente as características ecológicas. No presente estudo pretendemos analisar cartografia de vegetação, integrando conceitos de Ecologia da Paisagem em dois parques naturais de Portugal (Serra da Estrela e Ria Formosa). O objectivo principal é o de entender como a estrutura da Paisagem, através das suas métricas complementadas com ferramentas SIG e estatísticas, podem estar ligadas à sociologia de plantas e como estas contribuem na formalização dos modelos ecológicos. Seguindo realizações obtidos no projecto POCTEP OTALEX C, os resultados obtidos revelam-se de maior relevo, incrementando o valor das ciências geobotânicas no âmbito do planeamento e ordenamento paisagístico, tendo em vista a conservação da biodiversidade. Bibliografia Blasi C., Capotorti G., Frondoni R., 2005. Defining and mapping typological models at the landscape scale, Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology Vol. 139, Iss. 2. Bastian O, Beierkuhnlein C, Klink HJ et al., 2002. Landscape structures and processes. In: Bastian O, Steinhardt U, editors.Development and perspectives of landscape ecology. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 49 - 112. Forman RTT, Godron M., 1986. Landscape ecology. New York: John Wiley & Sons Loidi J., 1991. Vegetation series: its use for small scale geobotanical mapping. Phytocoenosis 3:119 - 22.

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VEGETATION DYNAMICS ON LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY Mendes P., Batista T., Meireles C., Vila-Viçosa C., Pinto-Gomes C. Departamento de Paisagem, Ambiente e Ordenamento, Escola de Ciência e Tecnologia (ECT), Universidade de Évora (Portugal). Rua Romão Ramalho, nº 59, P-7000-671 Évora, Portugal / Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (ICAAM). Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7002-554 Évora (Portugal). [email protected]

Landscape ecology concept is basically founded on the notion that the patterning of these landscape elements (patches) strongly influences ecological characteristics. In the present study we aim to analyze vegetation mapping with the integration of landscape ecology, using vegetation mapping units of two Portuguese Natural Parks (Serra da Estrela and Ria Formosa). The main goal is to understand how landscape structure, using landscape metrics complemented by GIS and statistical analysis could be connected to plant sociology and how it contributes to formalize ecological models. Endorsing POCTEP OTALEX C marks, the gotten results are very interesting and highly enhance geobotanic sciences in the frame of landscape planning and management aiming biodiversity conservation. Literature cited Blasi C., Capotorti G., Frondoni R., 2005. Defining and mapping typological models at the landscape scale, Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology Vol. 139, Iss. 2. Bastian O, Beierkuhnlein C, Klink HJ et al., 2002. Landscape structures and processes. In: Bastian O, Steinhardt U, editors.Development and perspectives of landscape ecology. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 49 - 112. Forman RTT, Godron M., 1986. Landscape ecology. New York: John Wiley & Sons Loidi J., 1991. Vegetation series: its use for small scale geobotanical mapping. Phytocoenosis 3:119 - 22.

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CONTRIBUCIÓN AL ESTUDIO BIOGEOGRAFICO DEL PARQUE NATURAL HOCES DEL RIO RIAZA (ESPAÑA) Molero González E., Redondo García M.M., Hermosilla González A.B. Dpto. Análisis Geográfico Regional y Geografía Física. Universidad Complutense de Madrid (España). [email protected] - [email protected]

El Parque Natural de Hoces del Río Riaza se localiza en el NE de la provincia de Segovia (España). Entre sus valores naturales que han hecho posible su declaración de espacio protegido están la geodiversidad geomorfológica presente y su biodiversidad de especies de flora y vegetación junto con la faunística. De esta forma, además de ser Parque Natural, es ZEPA, LIC, REN. Su formación se debe al encajonamiento del río Riaza por disolución y erosión de la roca caliza, pero también existe otra zona de llanura aluvial, donde se han depositado los sedimentos arrastrados por el río. El río Riaza ha excavado en las duras rocas calizas de los páramos segovianos uno de los mayores conjuntos de hoces, cañones, acantilados y desfiladeros. Las laderas y los escarpes rocosos están cubiertos por bosques relictos de un árbol, la sabina albar, que es un auténtico fósil viviente del terciario. En cuanto a la riqueza de especies se han catalogado más de 900 especies florísticas, en cuanto a hábitats (Directiva de Hábitat), se han diferenciado para este territorio 9 hábitats, de los que 3 son hábitats prioritarios. Siguiendo a Rivas Martínez, la vegetación potencial está constituida por las series de vegetación: supramediterranea maestracense y celtiberico-alcarrena de Juniperus thurifera (Junipero hemisphaerico-thuriferae S.), en la parte N. del territorio. Forman formaciones forestales semi-aclarados, de cobertura rala y discontinua. Se desarrollan sobre un nivel arbustivo pobre en biodiversidad. Está representando por Juniperus communis subsp. hemisphaerica, y de vez en cuando, por Juniperus sabina. supra-mesomediterranea castellano-alcarreno-manchega basófila de Quercus faginea (Cephalanthero longifoliae-Querco fagineae S), en la margen E. del embalse. Las formaciones de Quercus faginea en ocasiones es un bosque aclarado supramediterranea castellano-maestrazgo-manchega basófila de Quercus rotundifolia (Junipero thuriferae-Querceto rotundifoliae S.), en la parte N del territorio. Las formaciones forestales de ribera presentes en las Hoz de Riaza están dominadas por Fraxinus angustifolia, Populus alba, Alnus glutinosa, entre otras. Bibliografía

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Directiva 79/409 CEE. Directiva 92/43 CEE. Rivas Martinez S., 2007-2011. Mapa de series, geoseries y geopermaseries de vegetación de España: [Memoria del mapa de vegetación potencial de España]. Parte I, II, III. Itinera Geobotanica 17, 18 (I,II), León.

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CONTRIBUTION TO BIOGEOGRAPHIC STUDY OF THE NATURAL PARK HOCES OF RIAZA RIVER (SPAIN) Molero González E., Redondo García M.M., Hermosilla González A.B. Dpto. Análisis Geográfico Regional y Geografía Física. Universidad Complutense de Madrid (España). [email protected] - [email protected]

The Natural Park of Hoces of the Riaza River is located in the NE in the province of Segovia (Spain). Among its natural values that have made possible its Declaration of protected area are present geomorphological geodiversity and biodiversity of species of flora and vegetation along with species of animals. In this way, besides being Natural Park, is ZEPA, LIC, REN. Its formation is due to the narrowing of the river Riaza dissolution and erosion of the limestone, but there is also another area of floodplain, where the sediment carried by the River was deposited. The river Riaza has excavated in the hard limestone of Segovia fells one of the largest sets of gorges, canyons, cliffs and Gorges. Slopes and rocky crags are covered by forests of a tree, the sabina albar, which is a true living fossil from the tertiary. In terms of species richness, more than 900 species floristic, in terms of habitats (Habitat Directive) have been classified, 9 habitats, 3 of which are priority habitats have differentiated for this territory. According to Rivas Martínez, the potential vegetation consists of series of vegetation: supramediterranean maestracense and celtiberian-alcarreña Juniperus thurifera (Junipero hemisphaerico-thuriferae S.), in the N part of the territory. They form a few dense forest formations with trees separate or dispersed trees, with sparse and discontinuous coverage. It develops on a stratum very poor in plant species shrub. It is represented by Juniperus communis subsp. hemisphaerica, and from time to time by Juniperus sabina. supra-mesomediterranean alcarreño-castellano-manchega Basophilic of Quercus faginea (Cephalanthero longifoliae-Querco fagineae S), in the margin E. of the reservoir. The formations of Quercus faginea occasionally is an thinned-out forest supramediterranea castellano-maestrazgo-manchega Basophilic of Quercus rotundifolia (Junipero thuriferae-Querceto rotundifoliae S.), in the N part of the territory. Riverside forest formations present in the “Hoz de Riaza” are dominated by Fraxinus angustifolia, Populus alba, Alnus glutinosa, among others. Literature cited

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Directiva 79/409 CEE. Directiva 92/43 CEE. Rivas Martinez 2007, 2011 Mapa de series, geoseries y geopermaseries de vegetación de España: [Memoria del mapa de vegetación potencial de España]. Parte I, II, III. Itinera Geobotanica 17, 18 (I,II), León.

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ANÁLISIS FRACTAL: NUEVO MÉTODO PARA EL ESTUDIO TAXONÓMICO DEL GÉNERO QUERCUS L. Musarella C.M.1, Cano-Ortiz A.2, Piñar Fuentes J.C.2, Navas J.3, Vila-Viçosa C.4, Pinto Gomes C.J.3, Vázquez F.M.5, Spampinato G.1, Cano E.2 1. Dipartimento di AGRARIA - Università “Mediterranea” di Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria. (Italia).2. Departamento Biología Animal, Vegetal y Ecología. Botánica. Universidad de Jaén. 23071 Jaén (España). [email protected]. 3. Departamento de Matemáticas, Universidad de Jaén. 23071 Jaén. (España). 4. Departamento de Paisagem, Ambiente e Ordenamento / Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (ICAAM). Universidade de Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho, nº 59, P-7000-671 Évora. (Portugal). 5.Centro de Investigación Agraria Finca La Orden Valdesequera/ Departamento de Producción Forestal y Pastos (España).

Se afronta el estudio del género Quercus en territorios del centro-sur de la Península Ibérica y sur de Italia. Para ello se seleccionaron poblaciones homogéneas y se tomaron muestras de cada punto cardinal de diferentes árboles, obteniéndose 110 muestras en España, 34 en Portugal y 53 en Italia, con un total de 48 puntos de muestreo. Los muestreos fueron realizados en áreas donde se tiene la plena seguridad de la existencia de un determinado taxón, e incluso del tipo, así como en aquellos lugares a los que se les adjudicó la existencia de un taxón de manera dudosa. Ante la controversia existente respecto a algunas especies/subespecies del género Quercus en los territorios mencionados, empleamos para discriminar las especies el análisis fractal, poco utilizado hasta el momento en Botánica, pero suficientemente en Medicina. Hemos optado, para el cálculo de la dimensión fractal, del método “box-counting”, integrado en el software Harfa v.5.4.38, ya que ofrece la posibilidad de evaluar la dimensión fractal de estructuras que no son totalmente autosimilares. Una vez obtenidos los valores fractales se analizan las diferencias, con el objetivo de obtener el valor mínimo para especies en las que no existe controversia entre los autores. En primer lugar la dimensión fractal de todos los Quercus esclerófilos es inferior a 1.6, mientras que los Quercus marcescentes y caducifolios es superior a 1.6. En el primer grupo se incluyen: Q. ilex, Q. rotundifolia, Q. suber, Q. rivas-martinezii, Q. coccifera, Q. estremadurensis, Q. crenata. En este caso la diferencia en cuanto al análisis fractal entre Q. rotundifolia y Q. coccifera es de 0.165647, entre Q. coccifera y Q. rivas-martinezii es de 0.03631, y entre Quercus ilex (Italia) y Q. rotundifolia (España) es de 0.0555751. La inclusión de Q. crenata en el grupo de los esclerófilos confirma su carácter hibridógeno establecido en Conte et al. (2007). En el segundo grupo se incluyen los Quercus marcescentes y caducifolios; dentro de este grupo se observan claras diferencias entre Q. faginea y Q. alpestris,

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lo que podría ahondar en la idea de mantener la subsp. alpestris. En el análisis fractal comparativo entre Q. alpestris de Sierra de las Nieves y Q. gaditana del Algarve portugués se observan fuertes diferencias. Mientras Que la diferencia fractal entre Q. faginea (Guadalajara) y Q. canariensis (Aljibe) es de 0.062454. Al estudiar por separado las especies de caducifolios, observamos una diferencia fractal de 0.054552 entre las poblaciones de Q. x andegavensis nothosubps, enriquesii Portugal (norte) y Q. pyrenaica de España (S. Morena). Este hecho es debido a la hibridación entre Q. pyrenaica y Q. robur subsp. broteroana. En conclusión el valor de la diferencia fractal pone de manifiesto el grado de parentesco entre las especies. Bibliografia Conte L., Cotti C., Cristofolini G., 2007. Molecular evidence for hybrid origin of Quercus crenata Lam. (Fagaceae) from Q. Cerris L. and Quercus suber L. Plant Biosystems, 141 (2): 181-193.

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FRACTAL ANALYSIS: A NEW METHOD FOR THE TAXONOMICAL STUDY OF THE GENUS QUERCUS L. Musarella C.M.1, Cano-Ortiz A.2, Piñar Fuentes J.C.2, Navas J.3, Vila-Viçosa C.4, Pinto Gomes C.J.3, Vázquez F.M.5, Spampinato G.1, Cano E.2 1. Dipartimento di AGRARIA - Università “Mediterranea” di Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria. (Italy). 2. Departamento Biología Animal, Vegetal y Ecología. Botánica. Universidad de Jaén. 23071 Jaén (Spain). [email protected]. 3. Departamento de Matemáticas, Universidad de Jaén. 23071 Jaén. (Spain). 4. Departamento de Paisagem, Ambiente e Ordenamento / Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (ICAAM). Universidade de Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho, nº 59, P-7000-671 Évora. (Portugal). 5.Centro de Investigación Agraria Finca La Orden Valdesequera/ Departamento de Producción Forestal y Pastos (Spain).

A study was made of the genus Quercus in territories in the centre-south of the Iberian Peninsula and southern Italy. Samples were taken from various trees in homogeneous populations selected at each cardinal point: 110 samples were obtained for Spain, 34 for Portugal and 53 for Italy, with a total of 48 sampling points. Sampling was done in areas where there was complete certainty of the existence of a particular taxon, and even of the type, as well as in places where there was some doubt as to the presence of a taxon. In view of the controversy with regard to some species/subspecies of the genus Quercus in the mentioned territories, we used fractal analysis to discriminate the species, a technique that has been little used to the present in Botany, although it is widespread in Medicine. To calculate the fractal dimension we opted for the “box-counting” method integrated in the software Harfa v.5.4.38, as it allows the evaluation of the fractal dimension of structures which are not totally self-similar. Once the fractal values have been obtained, the differences are analysed in order to obtain the minimum value for species for which there is no discrepancy among authors. In the first place, the fractal dimension of all the sclerophyllous Quercus is lower than 1.6, whereas for marcescent and deciduous Quercus it is over 1.6. The first group includes Q. ilex, Q. rotundifolia, Q. suber, Q. rivas-martinezii, Q. coccifera, Q. estremadurensis, Q. crenata. In this case the difference in the fractal analysis between Q. rotundifolia and Q. coccifera is 0.165647; between Q. coccifera and Q. rivas-martinezii, 0.03631; and between Quercus ilex (Italy) and Q. rotundifolia (Spain), 0.0555751. The inclusion of Q. crenata in the sclerophyllous group confirms its hybridogenous character, as established in Conte et al. (2007). The second group includes the marcescent and deciduous Quercus; within this group there are clear differences between Q. faginea and Q. alpestris, which could provide greater support for maintaining the subsp. alpestris. The comparative

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fractal analysis between Q. alpestris in the Sierra de las Nieves and Q. gaditana in the Portuguese Algarve reveals significant differences, while the fractal difference between Q. faginea (Guadalajara) and Q. canariensis (Aljibe) is 0.062454. The separate study of deciduous species gives a fractal difference of 0.054552 between the populations of Q. x andegavensis nothosubps, enriquesii in Portugal (north) and Q. pyrenaica in Spain (Sierra Morena). This is due to the hybridisation between Q. pyrenaica and Q. robur subsp. broteroana. In conclusion, the value of the fractal difference highlights the closeness of the kinship between the species. Literature cited Conte L., Cotti C., Cristofolini G., 2007. Molecular evidence for hybrid origin of Quercus crenata Lam. (Fagaceae) from Q. Cerris L. and Quercus suber L. Plant Biosystems, 141 (2): 181-193.

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ESTUDIO FITOSOCIOLÓGICO DE LAS ESPECIES DE QUEJÍGOS EN EL CENTRO-SUR DE LA PENÍNSULA IBÉRICA Musarella C.M.1, Cano-Ortiz A.2, Piñar Fuentes J.C.2, Spampinato G.1, Pinto Gomes C.J.3, Cano E.2 1. Dipartimento di AGRARIA - Università “Mediterranea” di Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria. (Italia). [email protected] 2. Departamento Biología Animal, Vegetal y Ecología. Botánica. Universidad de Jaén. 23071 Jaén. (España). 3. Departamento de Paisagem, Ambiente e Ordenamento / Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (ICAAM). Universidade de Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho, nº 59, P-7000-671 Évora (Portugal).

Por el momento detectamos para el centro y sur de la Península Ibérica 11 tipos de bosques de quejigo que son cabezas de series de vegetación. Bosques dominados por Quercus canariensis Lam. o bien por Q. faginea Lam. (grupo). Todos los autores aceptan Q. canariensis así como las asociaciones basadas en esta especie, que quedan perfectamente delimitadas desde el punto de vista florístico, ecológico, dinámico y biogeográfico. Tampoco parecen existir dudas sobre Q. broteroi (Couthino) Riv.-Mart. & Sáenz, aunque si sobre el rango que debe darse a este taxon. Algunos autores aceptan Q. faginea subsp. alpestris (Boiss.) Maire (Rivas-Martínez & Sáenz, 1991) frente a quien lo sinonimiza a Q. faginea Lam. subsp. faginea (Amaral Franco, 1990): por ello es necesario estudiar la autenticidad del taxon Q. alpestris Boiss. para confirmar el binomen de las asociaciones basadas en este taxon y en su caso hacer las correcciones. Tampoco existen discrepancias respecto a las asociaciones ricas en Q. alpestris, ya que presentan aspectos florísticos, ecológicos, dinámicos y biogeográficos diferentes. Pero atendiendo al estudio del género Quercus en el centro-sur de la Península Ibérica y sur de Italia, que realiza el grupo de investigación de las universidades de Évora (Portugal), Jaén (España) y Reggio Calabria (Italia), es posible se tenga que hacer reformulación de nombres y redistribución. 1.- Cephalanthero rubrae-Quercetum fagineae Rivas Goday & Borja in Rivas Goday & al 1960 corr. Rivas-Martínez 19722.- Pistacio terebinthi-Quercetum broteroi Rivas Goday et al. 19603.- Arisaro-Quercetum broteroi Br.- Bl., P. Silva & Rozeira 1956 corr. Rivas-Martínez 19754.- Quercetum alpestris-broteroi Pinto-Gomes & Paiva-Ferreira 20055.- Oleo sylvestris-Quercetum alpestris Galán et al. 1999 corr. Rivas-Martínez 20116.- Pyro bourgaeanae-Quercetum broteroi Cano, A. García, J. Torres, Pinto-Gomes, Cano-Ortiz, Montilla, J. Muñoz, L. Ruiz & A. Rodríguez 20027.- Viburno tini-Quercetum alpestris Torres & Cano in Cano & al. 2002 corr. Rivas-Martínez 20118.- Berberido hispanicae-Quercetum alpestris Rivas-Martínez 20119.- Rusco hypophylli-Quercetum canariensis Rivas-

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Martínez 197510.- Euphorbio monchiquensis-Quercetum canariensis MalatoBeliz et al. 199011.- Doronico plantaginei-Quercetum canariensis Rivas-Martínez & Cano 2011. Bibliografia Amaral Franco J., 1990. Quercus L. in Flora Ibérica vol. II. Ed. Castroviejo et al. 1990. pág. 15-36. Rivas-Martinez S., Saen Lainz C., 1991. Enumeración de los Quercus en la Península Ibérica. Rivasgodaya 6:101-110.

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PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL STUDY OF SPECIES OF PORTUGUESE OAK IN THE CENTRAL-SOUTH IBERIAN PENINSULA Musarella C.M.1, Cano-Ortiz A.2, Piñar Fuentes J.C.2, Spampinato G.1, Pinto Gomes C.J.3, Cano E.2 1. Dipartimento di AGRARIA - Università “Mediterranea” di Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria. (Italia). [email protected] 2. Departamento Biología Animal, Vegetal y Ecología. Botánica. Universidad de Jaén. 23071 Jaén. (España). 3. Departamento de Paisagem, Ambiente e Ordenamento / Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (ICAAM). Universidade de Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho, nº 59, P-7000-671 Évora (Portugal).

So far we have detected 11 types of Portuguese oak forests that are vegetation series heads in the centre and south of the Iberian peninsula; these forests are dominated by Quercus canariensis Lam. or by Q. faginea Lam. (group). All authors accept Q. canariensis and the associations based on this species, which are perfectly delimited from the floristical, ecological, dynamic and biogeographical point of view. Nor does there seem to be any doubt with regard to Q. broteroi (Couthino) Riv.-Mart. & Sáenz, although there is some uncertainty regarding the rank that should be given to this taxon. Some authors accept Q. faginea subsp. alpestris (Boiss.) Maire (Rivas-Martínez & Sáenz, 1991), while others consider it a synonym of Q. faginea Lam. subsp. faginea (Amaral Franco, 1990): it is therefore necessary to study the authenticity of the taxon Q. alpestris Boiss. to confirm the binomen of the associations based on this taxon, and to make any necessary corrections. Nor are there any discrepancies with regard to the associations rich in Q. alpestris, as they present different floristical, ecological, dynamic and biogeographical aspects. However based on the study of the genus Quercus in the centre-south of the Iberian peninsula and southern Italy by the research group at the universities of Évora (Portugal), Jaén (Spain) and Reggio Calabria (Italy), it may be necessary to reformulate the names and redefine the distribution. 1.- Cephalanthero rubrae-Quercetum fagineae Rivas Goday & Borja in Rivas Goday & al 1960 corr. Rivas-Martínez 19722.- Pistacio terebinthi-Quercetum broteroi Rivas Goday et al. 19603.- Arisaro-Quercetum broteroi Br.- Bl., P. Silva & Rozeira 1956 corr. Rivas-Martínez 19754.- Quercetum alpestris-broteroi Pinto-Gomes & Paiva-Ferreira 20055.- Oleo sylvestris-Quercetum alpestris Galán et al. 1999 corr. Rivas-Martínez 20116.- Pyro bourgaeanae-Quercetum broteroi Cano, A. García, J. Torres, Pinto-Gomes, Cano-Ortiz, Montilla, J. Muñoz, L. Ruiz & A. Rodríguez 20027.- Viburno tini-Quercetum alpestris Torres & Cano in Cano & al. 2002 corr. Rivas-Martínez 20118.- Berberido hispanicae-Quercetum

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alpestris Rivas-Martínez 20119.- Rusco hypophylli-Quercetum canariensis RivasMartínez 197510.- Euphorbio monchiquensis-Quercetum canariensis MalatoBeliz et al. 199011.- Doronico plantaginei-Quercetum canariensis Rivas-Martínez & Cano 2011. Literature cited Amaral Franco J., 1990. Quercus L. in Flora Ibérica vol. II. Ed. Castroviejo et al. 1990. pág. 15-36. Rivas-Martinez S., Saen Lainz C., 1991. Enumeración de los Quercus en la Península Ibérica. Rivasgodaya 6:101-110.

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FRUTTI DIMENTICATI E BIODIVERSITÀ RECUPERATA IN CALABRIA Odoguardi R.1, Caloiero E.2, Spampinato G.3, Forconi V.4, Guidi S.5, Sculli O.6, Muzzalupo I.7, Maiorca G.8 1. Dipartimento Provinciale ARPACAL di Cosenza -Via Monte Santo 123 - Servizio Tematico Aria,Cosenza (Italia). [email protected] - 2. ArpaCal, Reggio Calabria (Italia). 3. Dipartimento di AGRARIA - Università “Mediterranea” di Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria (Italia). 4. ISPRA, Roma (Italia). 5. ARPA Emilia-Romagna (Italia). 6. Ass. Patriarchi della Natura - Calabria (Italia). 7. CRA Rende, Cosenza (Italia). 8. ARSSA, Cosenza(Italia).

La Calabria per condizioni pedoclimatiche, ricchezza di endemismi e specie rare, a causa di varie vicende storiche, ha conservato germoplasma vegetale di interesse, oltre che nella flora spontanea, anche in cultivar ortive e agronomiche. I così detti frutti antichi, pazientamente selezionati in tempi passati, sono i più adatti alla terra di origine e costituiscono un patrimonio scientifico e culturale (Lupia, 2004). Sulla costa calabrese abbondano fichi e agrumi, in montagna mele e castagne, a diverse altitudini crescono pere, viti e ulivi (D‟Amore et al., 1977); ciascuna specie presenta numerose cultivar (PSR Regione Calabria 2007-2013). L‟agricoltura moderna tende alla diffusione di frutti standardizzati con produttività elevata, abbandonando le tecniche tradizionali. Quindi rischiamo di perdere le antiche varietà di frutti (ISPRA, 2010). Con la supervisione di ISPRA, in collaborazione con ARSSA, CRA di Rende, UNICAL e UNIRC, l‟ArpaCal si è impegnata a ricercare i frutti tradizionali. I risultati sono stati raccolti un in quaderno che, scevro dalla pretesa di essere esaustivo, mira a far conoscere i frutti calabresi dimenticati. Per ogni frutto è presente scheda descrittiva e documentazione fotografica (Arance: “Biondo” di Caulonia, Dolce-Essenza, Biondo Tardivo di Trebisacce; Fico d'India di Roccia, Fico di luglio, Fico Trianella, Limone Cedrato; Mele: Agostina, Annurca Silana, Cuacciu, del Faraone, Fragolina, Inganna villano, Ixjarvu, Rosetta Silana, Saracena; Melograno Nero tardivo, Noce Tri Garri; Olive: Ciciarello, Corniola, del Crisma, Ghjastrarica, Santomauro; Pero Moscerino, Pesco Giallo di Badolato, Susino di Tiriolo; Viti: Giacchinè, Guarnaccia Bianca, „Mparinata, Petrisa Janca di Ferruzzano, Tri Mani, Vrivella). Studiare le peculiarità di un territorio è il primo passo per difenderle e orientare le nostre scelte verso un‟agricoltura più sostenibile. Il lavoro sta continuando con la creazione di una rete di giardini dell‟agrobiodiversità per tutelare e diffondere la conoscenza delle antiche varietà. Bibliografia

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D‟Amore R., Iannotta N., Perri L., 1977. Contributo allo studio delle principali cultivar d‟olivo presenti in Calabria, Istituto Sperimentale per L‟Olivicoltura, Cosenza. ISPRA, Quaderni Natura e Biodiversità 1/2010. “Frutti dimenticati e biodiversità recuperata. Il germoplasma frutticolo e viticolo delle agricolture tradizionali italiane”. Lupia C., 2004. Etnobotanica, Le piante e i frutti spontanei della Sila Piccola Catanzarese. Abramo editore. Vavilov N. I., 1951. The origin, variety, immunity and breeding of cultivated plants. Chronica Botanica 13: 1-366.

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FORGOTTEN FRUITS AND RECOVERED BIODIVERSITY OF CALABRIA Odoguardi R.1, Caloiero E.2, Spampinato G.3, Forconi V.4, Guidi S.5, Sculli O.6, Muzzalupo I.7, Maiorca G.8 1. Dipartimento Provinciale ARPACAL di Cosenza -Via Monte Santo 123 - Servizio Tematico Aria,Cosenza (Italia). [email protected] - 2. ArpaCal, Reggio Calabria (Italia). 3. Dipartimento di AGRARIA - Università “Mediterranea” di Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria (Italia). 4. ISPRA, Roma (Italia). 5. ARPA Emilia-Romagna (Italia). 6. Ass. Patriarchi della Natura - Calabria (Italia). 7. CRA Rende, Cosenza (Italia). 8. ARSSA, Cosenza(Italia).

Calabria, because of climatic conditions, richness of endemic and rare species and historical situations, conserve interesting germplasm of spontaneous and cultivated plants. The so called “ancient fruits”, selected in past with patient, are the most adapt to territory and represent a scientific and cultural heritage (Lupia, 2004). On the Calabrian coast abound figs and citrus fruits, apples and chestnuts in the mountains, while vines, olive trees (D‟Amore et al., 1977) and pears grow up everywhere; each of these species presents a lot of cultivar (PSR Regione Calabria 2007-2013). Modern agriculture tends to spread standardized and productive fruit leaving traditional techniques. Therefore old varieties of fruits represent a genetic resource that must be protected (ISPRA, 2010). ArpaCal researched traditional fruits, under the supervision of ISPRA, in collaboration with ARSSA, CRA of Rende, University of Calabria (UNICAL) and University of Reggio Calabria (UNIRC). Results were collected in a notebook, which does not pretend to be exhaustive, but it want to promote the knowledge of forgotten fruits of Calabria. Each rare variety is accompanied by a descriptive and photographic documentation (Oranges: “Biondo” of Caulonia, Dolce-Essenza, Biondo Tardivo of Trebisacce; Fico d'India di Roccia, Fico di luglio, Fico Trianella, Limone Cedrato, Apples: Agostina, Annurca Silana, Cuacciu, del Faraone, Fragolina, Inganna villano, Ixjarvu, Rosetta Silana, Saracena; Melograno Nero tardivo, Noce Tri Garri, Olives: Ciciarello, Corniola, del Crisma, Ghjastrarica, Santomauro; Pero Moscerino, Pesco Giallo of Badolato, Susino of Tiriolo; Grapes: Giacchinè, Guarnaccia Bianca, „Mparinata, Petrisa Janca di Ferruzzano, Tri Mani, Vrivella). To study local resources is the first step to protect these fruits and to guide our choices towards more sustainable farming. Future projects aim to create a network of gardens for agricultural biodiversity to protect and spread the knowledge of forgotten fruits. Literature cited

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D‟Amore R., Iannotta N., Perri L., 1977. Contributo allo studio delle principali cultivar d‟olivo presenti in Calabria, Istituto Sperimentale per L‟Olivicoltura, Cosenza. ISPRA, Quaderni Natura e Biodiversità 1/2010. “Frutti dimenticati e biodiversità recuperata. Il germoplasma frutticolo e viticolo delle agricolture tradizionali italiane”. Lupia C., 2004. Etnobotanica, Le piante e i frutti spontanei della Sila Piccola Catanzarese. Abramo editore. Vavilov N. I., 1951. The origin, variety, immunity and breeding of cultivated plants. Chronica Botanica 13: 1-366.

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RAPPORTO SUGLI EFFETTI A MEDIO TERMINE DELLE ATTIVITÀ DI SALVAGUARDIA E RESTAURO DEGLI HABITAT NELL’AMBITO DEL PROGETTO LIFE “MANTENIMENTO DEGLI HABITAT DELLE MACALUBE DI ARAGONA” (SICILIA, ITALIA MERIDIONALE) Pasta S.1, Livreri Console S.2, Gucciardo D.2, Interlandi M.2, Beer F.3, La Mantia T.3 1. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Genetica Vegetale, UOS di Palermo (Italia). [email protected] - 2. Legambiente Comitato Regionale Siciliano - Dip. Conservazione Natura - Via Tripoli 3, 90138 Palermo (Italia). [email protected] - 3. Dipartimento SAF - Università di Palermo - Viale delle Scienze Ed.4, Ingr. H, 90128 Palermo (Italia).

Il SIC “Macalube di Aragona” è fortemente esposto la rischio di desertificazione. Infatti, la sua vegetazione è disturbata non solo dai ciclici movimenti del suolo connessi con il vulcanismo sedimentario che caratterizza l‟area, ma risulta fortemente influenzata dalle caratteristiche sfavorevoli del substrato argilloso (soggetto ad intensa erosione lineare, asfittico e con elevato tenore salino), dal lungo periodo arido (circa 4 mesi) ed una storia millenaria di pressione antropica. I fattori di stress e di disturbo influenzano sinergicamente i processi di successione progressiva, cosicché le “più mature” comunità vegetali locali sono rappresentate da arbusteti a chenopodiacee legnose riferiti al Salsolo-Peganion (habitat 1430 secondo la Direttiva EU 92/43) e da praterie alo-xerofile ascritte al MoricandioLygeion sparti (habitat prioritario 1510). Il SIC ospita inoltre diverse decine di piante che figurano nelle Liste Rosse Nazionali. La maggior parte di esse vivono nelle praterie e quasi dieci negli incolti o nelle colture cerealicole in asciutto (Pasta, 2001). Sino a circa 10 anni fa le pratiche agricole causavano un incremento dei processi erosivi e la riduzione o scomparsa di habitat, con gravi danni alla locale rete di stagni temporanei (Pasta & La Mantia, 2001). Pertanto, obiettivi primari del Progetto LIFE 04/NAT/IT/00182 “Macalife” sono stati il superamento della situazione di conflitto con la comunità locale e l‟adozione di tecniche che garantissero un‟efficace riduzione del degrado del suolo. Sono stati indagati gli effetti della cessazione combinata delle attività agro-pastorali sulla conservazione di habitat e specie. A tale scopo, sono state individuate alcune aree di saggio con esposizione opposta (N e S) in cui sono stati monitorati per un periodo di 5 anni diversi parametri quali numero di specie, tasso di copertura (%), demografia, pattern di distribuzione, ecc., allo scopo di valutare le tendenze di alcuni indicatori selezionati (es.: piante nitrofile, spettro biologico, piante d‟interesse conservazionistico, ecc.). La raccolta dei dati di campo attraverso rilievi fitosociologici stagionali ha permesso non soltanto di registrare i cambiamenti territoriali in termini di uso del suolo e di habitat, ma anche il percorso e la

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rapidità dei processi di successione progressiva in atto. Anche il successo dei propaguli impiantati è stato sottoposto a regolare controllo attraverso una valutazione del loro tasso di sopravvivenza. Ancora, poiché sono stati restaurati diversi stagni temporanei, è stata registrata l‟eventuale evoluzione della fauna (uccelli ed invertebrati) legata ai copri idrici. Il Progetto Macalife ha evidenziato come, molto meglio rispetto ai rimboschimenti ad Eucalyptus, la propagazione e l‟impianto di piante autoctone come Tamarix africana, Populus alba, Pyrus amygdaliformis, Suaeda vera, Salsola agrigentina, Salsola oppositifolia, Aster (= Tripolium) sorrentinii e Lygeum spartum non solo garantisce il ripristino servizi ambientali di lunga durata ma favorisce l‟economia sostenibile a livello locale. Infatti, poiché molte delle attività previste (propagazione, impianto, divulgazione, ecc.) sono state e sono tuttora realizzate dagli agricoltori locali, cioè ha consentito e consente loro di vivere tuttora nella, della e per la loro terra. Bibliografia Pasta S., 2001. Recenti acquisizioni floristico-vegetazionali sull‟area delle Macalube di Aragona. - Naturalista sicil., s. IV, XXV (suppl.): 155-196. Pasta S., La Mantia T., 2001. L‟impatto dell'attività agricola e la gestione delle aree protette: il caso della Riserva Naturale "Maccalube di Aragona”. Naturalista siciliano, s. IV, XXV (suppl.): 197-215.

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REPORT ON MEDIUM-TERM EFFECTS OF THE HABITAT PROTECTION AND RESTORATION ACTIVITIES OF THE LIFE PROJECT “MAINTENANCE OF THE HABITATS OF THE MACALUBE OF ARAGONA” (SICILY, S ITALY) Pasta S.1, Livreri Console S.2, Gucciardo D.2, Interlandi M.2, Beer F.3, La Mantia T.3 1. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Genetica Vegetale, UOS di Palermo (Italia). [email protected] - 2. Legambiente Comitato Regionale Siciliano - Dip. Conservazione Natura - Via Tripoli 3, 90138 Palermo (Italia). [email protected] - 3. Dipartimento SAF - Università di Palermo - Viale delle Scienze Ed.4, Ingr. H, 90128 Palermo (Italia).

The Site of Community Importance (SCI) “Macalube di Aragona” is prone to severe desertification risk. In fact, its vegetation is disturbed not only by cyclic soil movements resulting from sedimentary volcanism, but it is strongly influenced by the hostile properties of the clayey substratum (prone to intense linear erosion, badly aired, rich in salts, etc.), the long drought period (ca. 4 months) and by the long-lasting history of human pressure. Both stress and disturbance factors influence progressive succession processes, so that the most “mature” local plant communities are () the chenopod shrublands referred to Salsolo-Peganion (habitat 1430 according to 92/43 EU Directive) and the haloxerophilous grasslands ascribed to Moricandio-Lygeion sparti (priority habitat 1510). The SCI hosts several dozens of plants figuring within the National Plant Red List. Most of them grow in the grasslands and nearly 10 in fallows and dry cereal crops (Pasta, 2001). Till some 10 years ago agricultural practices caused erosion increase and habitat degradation and loss, with strong damages to the local network of temporary ponds (Pasta & La Mantia, 2001). Therefore, the main aim of “Macalife” Project LIFE 04/NAT/IT/00182 was either to overcome the contrasts with local people or to adopt the most effective agronomic techniques in order to reduce land degradation. The effects of the combined ceasing of agropastoral activities on both habitat and species conservation have been investigated. With this purpose, some plot areas with opposite aspect (N vs S) have been selected in order to monitor during a 5 years period several parameters such as species number, species coverage rate (%), demography, distribution pattern, etc., in order to assess the trend of nitrophilous plants, life forms spectrum, threatened plants. Field data collection through seasonal phytosociological relevés allowed not only to record land use and habitat changements, but also the path and the speed of ongoing progressive succession processes. The survival rate of plant propagules has been regularly monitored as well. As many temporary ponds have been restored, also the evolution of the fauna linked

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to water bodies (birds and invertebrates) was taken in consideration. Macalife Project has shown that, much better than “classic” afforestation, the propagation and the planting of autochthonous plants such as Tamarix africana, Suaeda vera, Salsola agrigentina, Salsola oppositifolia, Aster (= Tripolium) sorrentinii and Lygeum spartum is not only effective in restoring more long-lasting environmental services but also favours local sustainable economy. In fact, many the planned activities (i.e. propagation, planting, education, etc.) have been and are still on the behalf of local farmers, so that they still continue to work in, with and for their own land. Literature cited Pasta S., 2001. Recenti acquisizioni floristico-vegetazionali sull‟area delle Macalube di Aragona. - Naturalista sicil., s. IV, XXV (suppl.): 155-196. Pasta S., La Mantia T., 2001. L‟impatto dell'attività agricola e la gestione delle aree protette: il caso della Riserva Naturale "Maccalube di Aragona”. Naturalista siciliano, s. IV, XXV (suppl.): 197-215.

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ANÁLISIS ESPACIO-TEMPORAL DE LAS TENDENCIAS DE PRECIPITACIÓN Y TEMPERATURA EN ANDALUCÍA (ESPAÑA) DURANTE EL PERIODO 1975-2007 Piñar Fuentes J. C.1, Martínez Lombardo Mª C.1, Cano Ortiz A.2, del Río S.3 1. Departamento Biología Animal, Vegetal y Ecología. Botánica. Universidad de Jaén. (España). 2. Departamento Sostenibilidad Interra. Ingeniería y Recursos SL. Plaza España, 317,5. C.P.27004. Salamanca.(España). 3. Dpto. de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental (Área de Botánica). Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (Centro Mixto CSICULE). Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales. Universidad de León. Campus de Vegazana, s/n. E-24071 León (España).

El presente trabajo aborda un análisis espacio-temporal de las tendencias de precipitación y temperatura ocurridas en Andalucía. El análisis se efectúa a nivel anual, estacional y mensual. La metodología empleada consiste en primer lugar, en seleccionar aquellas estaciones lo más completas posibles, se rellenan los huecos con las medias correspondientes a cada serie temporal. Como los datos no siguen una distribución Normal, se calcula el coeficiente de autocorrelación (Salas, 1980) y se preblanquean aquellas series cuya autocorrelación fuese significativa (Yue et al., 2002). Posteriormente de aplican de manera conjunta los test Mann-Kendal y el test de Sen mediante la aplicación para EXCEL © MAKESENS (Salmi et al., 2007) para determinar la existencia de tendencia y su significación estadística. La representación espacial de los resultados se realiza mediante ArcGIS. Esta metodología se incluye, con algunas modificaciones en trabajos como del Río S. et al., (2011, 2012). Bibliografia del Río S., Cano-Ortiz A., Herrero L., Penas A. 2012. Recent trends in mean maximum and minimum air temperatures over Spain (1961-2006). Theoretical and Applied Climatology. DOI 10.1007/s00704-012-0593-2. del Río S., Herrero L., Fraile R., Penas A., 2011. Spatial distribution of recent rainfall trends in Spain (1961-2006). International Journal of climatology. DOI: 10.1002/joc.2111. Salas J. D. & Smith R. A., 1981. Physical Basis Of Stochastic Models Of Annual Flows Water Resources Research, Vol: 17, No. 2, Pages 428-430. Yue S., Pilon P., Phinney B. & Cavadias G., 2002. The influence of autocorrelation on the ability to detect trend in hydrological series. Hydrological Processes., 16: 1807-1829. DOI: 10.1002/hyp.1095.

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SPATIAL-TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF PRECIPITATION AND TEMPERATURE TRENDS IN ANDALUSIA (SPAIN) DURING THE PERIOD 1975-2007 Piñar Fuentes J. C.1, Martínez Lombardo Mª C.1, Cano Ortiz A.2, del Río S.3 1. Departamento Biología Animal, Vegetal y Ecología. Botánica. Universidad de Jaén. (España). 2. Departamento Sostenibilidad Interra. Ingeniería y Recursos SL. Plaza España, 317,5. C.P.27004. Salamanca.(España). 3. Dpto. de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental (Área de Botánica). Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (Centro Mixto CSICULE). Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales. Universidad de León. Campus de Vegazana, s/n. E-24071 León (España).

The present work consists of a spatial-temporal analysis of rainfall and temperature trends in Andalusia. The analysis is conducted with an annual, seasonal and monthly scope. The methodology involves first selecting the meteorological stations with the highest amount of data, and completing any gaps with the averages for each time series. As the data do not follow a normal distribution, the autocorrelation coefficient is calculated (Salas, 1980) and series with a significant autocorrelation are previously blanked (Yue et al., 2002). Subsequently Mann-Kendall and Sen‟s tests are jointly applied by means of the MAKESENS application for EXCEL© (Salmi et al., 2007) in order to determine the existence of the trend and its statistical significance. The spatial representation of the results is done using ArcGIS. This methodology is included with some modifications in works such as that of Río S. et al. (2011, 2012). Literature cited del Río S., Cano-Ortiz A., Herrero L., Penas A. 2012. Recent trends in mean maximum and minimum air temperatures over Spain (1961-2006). Theoretical and Applied Climatology. DOI 10.1007/s00704-012-0593-2. del Río S., Herrero L., Fraile R., Penas A., 2011. Spatial distribution of recent rainfall trends in Spain (1961-2006). International Journal of climatology. DOI: 10.1002/joc.2111. Salas J. D. & Smith R. A., 1981. Physical Basis Of Stochastic Models Of Annual Flows Water Resources Research, Vol: 17, No. 2, Pages 428-430. Yue S., Pilon P., Phinney B. & Cavadias G., 2002. The influence of autocorrelation on the ability to detect trend in hydrological series. Hydrological Processes., 16: 1807-1829. DOI: 10.1002/hyp.1095.

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AZINHAIS EDAFOXERÓFILOS DO SUL DE PORTUGAL: ECOLOGIA, FITOSOCIOLOGIA E INTERESSE CONSERVACIONISTA Quinto-Canas R.1, Vila-Viçosa C.1, Mendes P.1, Cano E.2, Pinto-Gomes C.1 1. Departamento de Paisagem, Ambiente e Ordenamento, Escola de Ciência e Tecnologia (ECT), Universidade de Évora (Portugal). Rua Romão Ramalho, nº 59, P-7000-671 Évora, Portugal / Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (ICAAM). Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7002-554 Évora (Portugal). [email protected] - 2. Departamento de Biología Animal, Vegetal y Ecología, Sección de Botánica, Universidade de Jaén. Paraje las Lagunillas s/n, E-23071 Jaén (España). [email protected]

As comunidades de azinheira (Quercus rotundifolia) como fitocenoses ecotónicas ocorrem em diferentes condições ecológicas e frequentemente representando o climax de séries edafoxerófilas em cristas e superfícies rochosas silicicolas. No presente estudo, os azinhais edafoxerófilos do Distrito Monchiquense são descritos como uma nova associação Ulici argentei-Quercetum rotundifoliae (Querco rotundifoliae-Oleion sylvestris, Quercetalia ilicis, Quercetea ilicis), que têm a sua melhor representatividade nos territórios termomediterrânicos (excepcionalmente mesomediterrânicos), euoceânicos a sub-hiperoceânicos, subhúmidos a húmidos das Serras do Caldeirão, Monchique, Cercal e Grândola. Exibindo particularidades edafoclimáticas, emergem com um padrão de vegetação único sobre afloramentos rochosos e escarpas derivados de xistos e grauvaques, formando estádios maduros seriais edafoxerófilos e siliciosos. Estes azinhais foram reconhecidos e classificados tendo em conta ambas tipologias sinecológicas e dinâmico-catenais, combinando a metodologia fitossociológica com análise de cluster hierárquica. Com um elenco florístico extremamente original, os bosques de Ulici argenteiQuercetum rotundifoliae normalmente incluem o tojo (Ulex argenteus), bem como elementos de Ericion arboreae partilhados com bosques de sobreiro (Quercus suber) e carvalho-de-monchique (Quercus marianica), apresentando um carácter terciário dentro do domínio climácico de florestas hiperoceânicas marcescentes no âmbito da subaliança Quercenion rivasmartinezii-suberis Costa et. al 2007. Apresentamos ainda a comparação com as restantes comunidades de azinheira descritas para os pisos termo a mesomediterrânicos descritos no âmbito da Ordem Quercetalia ilicis. Bibliografia

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Costa JC, Neto C, Aguiar C, Capelo J, Espirito-Santo MD, Honrado J, Pinto-Gomes C, Monteiro-Henriques T, Sequeira M, Lousã M., 2012. Vascular plant communities in Portugal (Continental, the Azores and Madeira). Global Geobotany 2:1-180. Pinto-Gomes C, Paiva Ferreira R., 2005. Flora e Vegetação do Barrocal Algarvio. TaviraPortimão. Comissão de Coordenação e Desenvolvimento do Algarve. Quinto-Canas R, Vila-Viçosa C, Paiva-Ferreira R, Cano-Ortiz A, Pinto-Gomes C., 2012. The Algarve climatophilous vegetation series - Portugal: A base document to the planning, management and nature conservation. Acta Botanica Gallica 159(3):289-298. Rivas Goday S, Borja J, Esteve F, Fernández-Galiano E, Rigual A, Rivas-Martínez S., 1959. Contribución al estudio de la Quercetea ilicis hispánica. Conexión de las comunidades hispánicas con Quercus lusitanica s.l. y sus correlaciones con las alianzas de Quercetalia ilicis, Quercetalia pubescentis y Quercetalia robori-petraea. Anales Inst. Bot. A. J. Cavanilles 17(2): 285-409.

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EDAPHOXEROPHILOUS HOLM OAK FORESTS IN THE SOUTHERN OF PORTUGAL: ECOLOGY, PHYTOSOCIOLOGY AND CONSERVATIONAL INTEREST Quinto-Canas R.1, Vila-Viçosa C.1, Mendes P.1, Cano E.2, Pinto-Gomes C.1 1. Departamento de Paisagem, Ambiente e Ordenamento, Escola de Ciência e Tecnologia (ECT), Universidade de Évora (Portugal). Rua Romão Ramalho, nº 59, P-7000-671 Évora, Portugal / Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (ICAAM). Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7002-554 Évora (Portugal). [email protected] - 2. Departamento de Biología Animal, Vegetal y Ecología, Sección de Botánica, Universidade de Jaén. Paraje las Lagunillas s/n, E-23071 Jaén (España). [email protected]

The communities of holm oak (Quercus rotundifolia) as ecotonic phytocoenoses occurs on different ecological conditions, and frequently representing the climax of edaphoxerophilous series of crests and siliceous rocky surfaces. In the present study, edaphoxerophilous holm oak woodlands of the Monchiquense District are described as a new association - Ulici argentei-Quercetum rotundifoliae (Querco rotundifoliae-Oleion sylvestris, Quercetalia ilicis, Quercetea ilicis), that have their best representation in the thermomediterranean or, exceptionally, mesomediterranean, euoceanic to subhyperoceanic, sub-humid to humid, and in the strongly oceanic territories of the tectonic sub-coastal reliefs of the southern Portuguese mainland (knows as Caldeirão, Monchique, Cercal and Grândola mountains), which exhibits some particular geomorphological and bioclimatic features that give rise to a quite unique potential vegetation pattern. On rocky slopes and outcrops derived from schists and greywackes, they form mature stages as siliceous edaphoxerophilous series in the Monchiquense biogeographic District. These siliceous holm oak forests were recognized and classified according both catenal-dynamic and synecologically typologies combining the phytosociological approach (Braun-Blanquet methodology) with hierarchical cluster analysis. Possessing a highly original floristic roll, Ulici argentei-Quercetum rotundifoliae woodlands usually include gorse (Ulex argenteus), as well as Ericion arboreae elements, shared with Cork Oak (Quercus suber) and Mirbeck‟s Oak (Quercus marianica) woodlands, revealing its terciarious character within the climacic domain of hyperoceanic marcescent forests, in the scope of Quercenion rivasmartinezii-suberis suballiance. We also present a comparison with the rest of thermo to mesomediterranean holm oak communities described within Quercetalia ilicis order. Literature cited

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Costa JC, Neto C, Aguiar C, Capelo J, Espirito-Santo MD, Honrado J, Pinto-Gomes C, Monteiro-Henriques T, Sequeira M, Lousã M., 2012. Vascular plant communities in Portugal (Continental, the Azores and Madeira). Global Geobotany 2:1-180. Pinto-Gomes C, Paiva Ferreira R., 2005. Flora e Vegetação do Barrocal Algarvio. TaviraPortimão. Comissão de Coordenação e Desenvolvimento do Algarve. Quinto-Canas R, Vila-Viçosa C, Paiva-Ferreira R, Cano-Ortiz A, Pinto-Gomes C., 2012. The Algarve climatophilous vegetation series - Portugal: A base document to the planning, management and nature conservation. Acta Botanica Gallica 159(3):289-298. Rivas Goday S, Borja J, Esteve F, Fernández-Galiano E, Rigual A, Rivas-Martínez S., 1959. Contribución al estudio de la Quercetea ilicis hispánica. Conexión de las comunidades hispánicas con Quercus lusitanica s.l. y sus correlaciones con las alianzas de Quercetalia ilicis, Quercetalia pubescentis y Quercetalia robori-petraea. Anales Inst. Bot. A. J. Cavanilles 17(2): 285-409.

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O INTERESSE DAS SÉRIES DE VEGETAÇÃO NO PROJECTO EM ARQUITECTURA PAISAGISTA (DISTRITO DE ÉVORA) Raposo M., Conceição-CastroM., Pinto-Gomes C. Departamento de Paisagem, Ambiente e Ordenamento, Escola de Ciência e Tecnologia (ECT), Universidade de Évora (Portugal). Rua Romão Ramalho, nº 59, P-7000-671 Évora, Portugal / Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (ICAAM). Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7002-554 Évora (Portugal). [email protected] Nos projectos de intervenção na paisagem, no âmbito da Arquitectura Paisagista, é habitual recorrer-se às plantas disponíveis em viveiros, que normalmente privilegiam as espécies alóctones. Estas plantas normalmente com custos elevados, além de não terem o sucesso e a adaptação expectável, apresentam elevados valores de manutenção e por vezes um carácter invasivo considerável, nas áreas intervencionadas. Durante os trabalhos realizados nas unidades curriculares pertencentes ao curso de Arquitectura Paisagista, foi possível desenvolver uma nova abordagem que favorece uso de plantas autóctones com interesse ornamental. Aliás, o Homem deve adaptar-se, ao ecossistema em que habita e não o contrário, procurando sempre valorizar o que existe nele. É neste contexto, que se insere o conhecimento, dado pela ciência fitossociológica, nomeadamente da sinfitossociologia, onde a unidade elementar é a série de vegetação. Com esta abordagem, garante-se o sucesso da intervenção, uma vez que a série é o reflexo das condições edafoclimáticas locais, contribuindo para reduzir os custos de manutenção da vegetação utilizada, e consequentemente para uma maior sustentabilidade ecológica e económica do sistema. Deste modo, são valorizadas plantas autóctones, raras, endémicas e outras com elevado valor patrimonial, que para além de fomentarem o aumento da biodiversidade, são identitárias do próprio local. Por outro lado, através dos bioindicadores seriais, assim como da análise da dinâmica vegetal (progressiva e regressiva) é possível realizar um diagnóstico célere sobre o estado de conservação das distintas comunidades vegetais, assim como perceber quais as potencialidades do território, de modo a propor o uso de taxa que melhor se adaptam às condições do meio. Por último, refira-se que o Arquitecto Paisagista procura sempre, uma maior interação do espaço urbano com o espaço rural, numa procura de identidade, potencializando a biodiversidade através do continum naturale. Bibliografia Cabral F.C., 1993. Fundamentos da Arquitectura Paisagista. Instituto da Conservação da Natureza. Lisboa. Raposo Magalhães M.,2001. A Arquitectura Paisagista: Morfologia e Complexidade. Editorial Estampa, Lda., Lisboa. Telles, G.R., 1999. A Árvore em Portugal. Assirio & Alvim. Lisboa.

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INTEREST OF VEGETATION SERIES ON LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE PROJECT (ÉVORA) Raposo M., Conceição-CastroM., Pinto-Gomes C. Departamento de Paisagem, Ambiente e Ordenamento, Escola de Ciência e Tecnologia (ECT), Universidade de Évora (Portugal). Rua Romão Ramalho, nº 59, P-7000-671 Évora, Portugal / Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (ICAAM). Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7002-554 Évora (Portugal). [email protected] Intervention projects on Landscape, in the frame of Landscape Architecture, usually resorts to available plants in nurseries, which usually favor allochthonous species. These plants generally with major costs, despite they do not have the expected success and adaptation, they present higher maintenance and often a considerable invasiveness at intervened areas. During proceedings in courses pertaining to landscape architecture course, it was possible to develop a new approach that encourages the use of native plants with ornamental interest. Moreover, man must adapt the ecosystems it inhabits and not the opposite, always seeking the value inherent to them. It‟s here that phytosociologic knowledge fits, and further sinphytosociology, where the basic unit is the vegetation serie. This approach ensures the intervention success, since its base unit is a reflection of the local conditions, helping to reduce maintenance, costs of used plants, and hence to greater system ecological and economic sustainability. Thus, native, rare and endemic plants are valued, as other high value assets, which in addition to the enhancement of biodiversity that are identitarian from the site itself. On the other hand, through the serial biomarkers, as well as the analysis of the dynamic plant we can make a quick diagnosis about the conservation degree of distinct plant communities, as well as understand what the territorial potential natural vegetation, in order to propose the use of taxa that are best suited to environmental conditions. Finally, it is noted that the Landscape Architect seeks ever greater interaction with the urban rural areas, a search for identity, enhancing biodiversity through the natural continuum. Literature cited Cabral F.C., 1993. Fundamentos da Arquitectura Paisagista. Instituto da Conservação da Natureza. Lisboa. Raposo Magalhães M.,2001. A Arquitectura Paisagista: Morfologia e Complexidade. Editorial Estampa, Lda., Lisboa. Telles, G.R., 1999. A Árvore em Portugal. Assirio & Alvim. Lisboa.

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CONTRIBUCION AL ESTUDIO DE LA FLORA Y VEGETACION DE HONTANAR (TOLEDO, ESPAÑA) Redondo García M.M., Hermosilla González A.B. Dpto. Análisis Geográfico Regional y Geografía Física. Universidad Complutense de Madrid (España). [email protected] - [email protected]

El municipio de Hontanar, perteneciente a los Montes de Toledo, se localiza en el SW de la provincia de Toledo, España. Como señala Madoz se encuentra situado «en un valle circundado de altas sierras, y por lo tanto profundo y ahogado. Es un territorio en el que geomorfológicamente predomina un área de sierra propiamente dicho, en que se pueden diferenciar un sistema de cumbres cuarcíticas y un sistema de laderas pizarrosas y cuarcíticas de las alineaciones con o sin canchales, y por otra parte, un pequeño territorio constituido por plataformas de rañas o glacis de acumulación detrítica. El clima tiene una acción directa sobre la humedad y la temperatura del suelo y otra indirecta a través de la vegetación. Controla el tipo de procesos posibles y su intensidad. Los factores termopluviométricos influyen en los procesos edafogenéticos en mayor o menor medida. Con precipitaciones elevadas, el lavado vertical descendente de materiales es mayor y se diferencian mejor los horizontes. El grado de alteración depende también del factor tiempo. Por el contrario, el lavado lateral provoca empobrecimiento en materiales finos y solubles. Una escasa pluviosidad y una elevada temperatura en el suelo facilitan la formación de costras calcáreas o salinas en superficie. En el territorio objeto de estudio, las máxima de la media anual oscila entre los 14.5ºC y los 10ºC. No obstante es significativo señalar que los inviernos son fríos (media mensual de enero próximo a los 5ºC) y los veranos calurosos (media mensual de julio próximo a 25ºC). La precipitación anual media supera los 600 mm. El suelo, como señala M.del Tura Bovet Pla & J.Ribas Vilás (1992), "es la interfase de los elementos abióticos (relieve, litología, clima y agua) y bióticos (vegetación y fauna). Es el soporte de las actividades del hombre. El suelo determina las relaciones entre todas las formas de vida vegetal". Este territorio, también presenta diversidad edafológica. Siguiendo la clasificación de la FAO (1977) se diferencian cambisoles districos, bien sobre cuarcitas y pizarras, bien sobre rañas destruidas, o rañizos, o bien sobre coluviones arcillopedregosos, cambisoles húmicos sobre cuarcitas y pizarras, y leptosoles úmbricos sobre granito. En este trabajo se muestra la evolución seguida por la vegetación potencial arbórea desde mitad de los años 70 y hasta la actualidad.

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Así en los años 70, dominaban un matorral arbustivo y subarbustivo de Cistus, Ericas, Genistas con enclaves arbóreos de Quercus rotundifolia, Quercus faginea, Quercus pyrenaica y Quercus suber con presencia de especies arbóreas relictas como Taxus baccata, Betula parvibracteata, Ilex aquifolium. En la actualidad, más del 50 % de su territorio está poblado por especies arboreas forestales. También hay que señalar que se localizan áreas repobladas de Pinus pinaster y en menor medida de Pinus pinea, y de Quercus suber Bibliografia Del Tura Bovet Pla Ma Y Ribas Vilás J., 1992. " Clasificación por dominancia de elementos" en BOLOS, Ma. (Coord). Manual de Ciencia del Paisaje. FAO 1977. Clasificación de suelos.

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CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF THE FLORA AND VEGETATION OF HONTANAR (TOLEDO, SPAIN) Redondo García M.M., Hermosilla González A.B. Dpto. Análisis Geográfico Regional y Geografía Física. Universidad Complutense de Madrid (España). [email protected] - [email protected]

The municipality of Hontanar, belonging to the Montes de Toledo, is located in the SW of the province of Toledo, Spain. As points Madoz is located in a Valley surrounded of high mountains, and therefore deep and drowned. It is a territory geomorphologically predominantly an area of sierra itself, in which a set of peaks can be differentiated quartzite and slate slopes and alignments with or without Rocky quartzite, system and on the other hand, a small territory composed of platforms of frogs or glacis of detrital accumulation. Throughout the study, the maximum of the annual average varies between 14.5°C and 10°C. But it is significant to point out that the winters are cold (monthly average of January at 5°C) and hot summers (average monthly July to 25°C). The average annual rainfall exceeds 600 mm. The soil as noted M. del Tura Bovet Pla & J. Ribas Vilás (1992), "it is the interface of the abiotic elements (relief, lithology, climate and water) and biotic (vegetation and wildlife)." It is the support of the activities of man. The soil determines the relationships between all forms of plant life". This territory, also presents diversity of soils. Following the classification of the FAO (1977) the types of soils that differ are cambisols dystric, well developed on quartzites and slates, on destroyed frogs, or “rañizos”, or well on the slopes on clay-stony colluvium, humic cambisols quartzites and slates, and about granite umbric leptosols This work shows the evolution followed by potential Timberline since half of the 70's and up to the present day. In the 1970s, dominated a shrub and subarbustivo scrubland of Cistus, Ericas, Genistas with arboreal enclaves of Quercus rotundifolia, Quercus faginea and Quercus pyrenaica and Quercus suber with relict tree species like Taxus baccata, Betula parvibracteata, Ilex aquifolium. Currently, more than 50% of its territory is inhabited by forest arboreal species. Among the tree species used to repopulate are Pinus pinaster and Quercus suber, and Pinus pinea on lower surface Literature cited

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Ceballos Jimenez A. & Fernandez De Cordoba L., 1930. "Mapa y flora forestal". Inst. Forestal de Del Tura Bovet Pla Ma Y Ribas Vilás J., 1992. " Clasificación por dominancia de elementos" en BOLOS, Ma. (Coord). Manual de Ciencia del Paisaje. FAO 1977. Clasificación de suelos.

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ANALISI GENETICA SU BASE SNP E “PARENTAGE ANALYSIS” DI UNA LARGA COLLEZIONE DI GERMOPLASMA ITALIANO DI ASPARAGO (ASPARAGUS OFFICINALIS L.) Sunseri F.1, Riccardi P.2, Mercati F.1, Longo C.1, Falavigna A.2 1. Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Salita Melissari, 89124 Reggio Calabria (Italia). [email protected] - 2. EnteCRA-ORL, Unità di Ricerca Orticoltura, via Paullese 28, 26836 Montanaso L., Lodi (Italia).

Il genere Asparagus, appartenente alla famiglia delle Asparagaceae, comprende circa 140 specie perennanti, distinte in ermafrodite e dioiche suddivise nei subgeneri Asparagus, Protasparagus e Myrsiphyllum (Ellison & Kinelski, 1986). In Italia sono presenti quattro specie spontanee: A. maritimus Miller sinonimo di A. amarus De Candolle, A. albus L., A. acutifolius L. e A. stipularis Forsk. Tuttavia, Asparagus officinalis L. è l‟unica importante specie orticola (Stajner et al., 2002) la cui iniziale coltivazione risale al periodo imperiale di Roma, ma nel Medioevo rimase confinata in giardini di monasteri, utilizzata soprattutto per usi medicinali. La riscoperta dell‟asparago come orticola di pregio avvenne nei secoli 16° e 17° in Germania, Francia, Inghilterra e nei Paesi Bassi; le popolazioni selezionate in quell‟epoca sono le fonti genetiche dalle quali molte varietà sono state sviluppate. L‟attività di breeding consentì la costituzione di due importanti varietà a partire dalla popolazione Violet Dutch: Argenteuil e Braunschweiger, rispettivamente in Francia e Germania, le quali raggiunsero importanza internazionale rimpiazzando tutte le precedenti popolazioni (Knaflewski, 1996). Prima dell‟introduzione dei moderni ibridi, le varietà di asparago coltivate in Europa e negli Stati Uniti derivavano essenzialmente dai background Argenteuil o Braunschweiger. In questo lavoro abbiamo utilizzato un set di marcatori SNP recentemente sviluppati (Mercati et al. 2013) per valutare il background genetico di una vasta collezione di cloni eterozigoti o diplo-aploidi androgenetici, utilizzati negli ultimi 30 anni come parentali di ibridi (Riccardi et al. 2011). I risultati ottenuti chiariscono le relazioni genetiche tra i vari genotipi della collezione, divisa in due principali backgrounds genetici derivanti dai supposti pool genetici ancestrali P. Argenteuil e Braunschweiger. Sono state inoltre stabilite le relazioni di parentage tra i differenti genotipi attraverso un‟analisi di linkage basata sui marcatori SNP selezionati. Bibliografia Ellison J.H., Kinelski J.J., 1986. Greenwich, a male asparagus hybrid. HortScience 21, 1249.

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Knaflewski M., 1996. Genealogy of Asparagus cultivars. Acta Hort. 415, 87-91. Stajner N., Bohanec B., Javornik B., 2002. Genetic variability of economically important Asparagus species as revealed by genome size analysis and rDNA ITS polymorphisms. Plant Sci. 162, 931-937. Mercati F., Riccardi P., Leebens-Mack J., Abenavoli M.R., Falavigna A., Sunseri F., 2013. Single nucleotide polymorphism isolated from a novel EST dataset in garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.). Plant Sci. 203-204, 115-123. Riccardi P., Casali P.E., Mercati F., Falavigna A., Sunseri F., 2011. Genetic characterization of asparagus doubled haploids collection and wild relatives. Sci. Hort. 130, 691-700.

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SNP-BASED GENETIC FOOTPRINT AND PARENTAGE ANALYSIS OF A LARGE GARDEN ASPARAGUS (ASPARAGUS OFFICINALIS L.) ITALIAN GERMPLASM COLLECTION Sunseri F.1, Riccardi P.2, Mercati F.1, Longo C.1, Falavigna A.2 1. Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Salita Melissari, 89124 Reggio Calabria (Italia). [email protected] - 2. EnteCRA-ORL, Unità di Ricerca Orticoltura, via Paullese 28, 26836 Montanaso L., Lodi (Italia).

The genus Asparagus, included in the family Asparagaceae, comprised about 140 perennial species, distinguished in hermaphrodite and dioecious and classified into the subgenera Asparagus, Protasparagus and Myrsiphyllum (Ellison & Kinelski, 1986). In Italy four natural species are present: A. maritimus Miller synonymous of A. amarus De Candolle, A. albus L., A. acutifolius L. and A. stipularis Forsk. However, garden asparagus (A. officinalis L.) is the most important vegetable crop species (Stajner et al., 2002) the cultivation of which began during Roman Empire, but in the Middle Ages it remained confined only in some monastery gardens as a medicinal plant. The rediscovering of garden asparagus as an appreciated vegetable takes place in 16° and 17° centuries in Germany, France, England and The Netherlands; the populations selected in this age constituted the genetic source from which many varieties have been developed. From the most important population Violet Dutch, breeding efforts allow to select two important varieties: Argenteuil and Braunschweiger in France and Germany, respectively. Both gained international importance, replacing all the old populations (Knaflewski, 1996). Before the introduction of the modern hybrids, the varieties of garden asparagus cultivated in Europe and USA mainly came from Argenteuil or Braunschweiger backgrounds. In this paper we used a new developed SNP markers set (Mercati et al. 2013) to assess the genetic background of a large Italian heterozygous and diplo haploid clones collection utilized in the Italian breeding programs over the last 30 years (Riccardi et al. 2011). The results clarify the genetic relationships among different genotypes of the collection classified into two main genetic backgrounds as they derived from the supposed ancestral genetic pools P. Argenteuil and Braunschweiger. The parentage relationships among genotypes have been also evaluated through a linkage analysis based on the selected SNPs markers. Literature cited Ellison J.H., Kinelski J.J., 1986. Greenwich, a male asparagus hybrid. HortScience 21, 1249.

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Knaflewski M., 1996. Genealogy of Asparagus cultivars. Acta Hort. 415, 87-91. Stajner N., Bohanec B., Javornik B., 2002. Genetic variability of economically important Asparagus species as revealed by genome size analysis and rDNA ITS polymorphisms. Plant Sci. 162, 931-937. Mercati F., Riccardi P., Leebens-Mack J., Abenavoli M.R., Falavigna A., Sunseri F., 2013. Single nucleotide polymorphism isolated from a novel EST dataset in garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.). Plant Sci. 203-204, 115-123. Riccardi P., Casali P.E., Mercati F., Falavigna A., Sunseri F., 2011. Genetic characterization of asparagus doubled haploids collection and wild relatives. Sci. Hort. 130, 691-700.

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BOSCHI RESIDUI: VALORE NATURALE, ECOLOGICO, PAESAGGISTICO ED ECONOMICO Taffetani F., Micheletti A., Rismondo M., Zitti S. Dipartimento 3A, Università Politecnica delle Marche. Via Brecce bianche - 60131 Ancona (Italia). [email protected]

L‟evoluzione del paesaggio italiano dall‟ultimo dopo guerra ad oggi costituisce una situazione che non ha eguali negli ultimi 500 anni. Siamo i primi ad osservare ampie superfici boscate lasciate alla loro evoluzione naturale. Le modificazioni che intervengono in questo processo sono per noi non sempre facilmente prevedibili ed hanno sicuramente conseguenze assai diverse se si tratta di aree boscate montane, inserite in un complesso più o meno ampio di sistemi forestali contigui, oppure di piccoli nuclei boscati isolati all‟interno di un paesaggio dominato dalle attività agricole e più o meno profondamente urbanizzato. Mentre nelle aree pedemontane si assiste ad un importante e diffuso recupero di maturità legato al fenomeno dell‟abbandono, non sempre accompagnato da un aumento di naturalità e di biodiversità, nel paesaggio rurale delle colline e delle pianure si registra un progressivo impoverimento sia qualitativo che quantitativo soprattutto a carico delle aree seminaturali non produttive a causa delle attività agricole e dell‟urbanizzazione. In questo contesto, i pochi lembi di boschi residui si trovano in una posizione particolarmente delicata: il loro riconosciuto valore ambientale non li ha sottratti alla pressione agronomica, mentre allo sfruttamento economico è subentrato l‟abbandono (spesso per disinteresse, oltre che come non ponderata scelta per la conservazione), tuttavia mancano, oltre che adeguate risorse economiche, sufficienti esperienze sulle modalità di studio, di gestione e di manutenzione, che ne garantiscano la conservazione, non solo della struttura ma anche della biodiversità fitocenotica, floristica e faunistica (Taffetani, 2009; Taffetani et al., 2009). Le aree boscate residuali rappresentano esempi significativi ed indispensabili per ricostruire le potenzialità di ampi territori ormai privi di vegetazione naturale e seminaturale. Questa informazione risulta di fondamentale importanza per due importanti aspetti applicativi in campo agronomico ed in campo forestale. Infine, i boschi residuali costituiscono delle insostituibili “banche del germoplasma” per la produzione di semi e propaguli da utilizzare per il recupero e la ricostruzione di ambienti forestali. Permettono inoltre di recuperare ecotipi adattati alle diverse condizioni ambientali locali che si realizzano con la combinazione del substrato geologico e delle condizioni climatiche, all‟interno delle diverse fasce bioclimatiche collinari.

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Bibliografia Taffetani F., 2009. Boschi residui in Italia tra paesaggio rurale e conservazione. In: Atti del 3° Congresso Nazionale di Selvicoltura, Taormina 16-19 ottobre 2008. Firenze, (I): 283-294. Taffetani F., Giannangeli A., Micheletti A. Rismondo M., Velo K., Zitti S., 2009. Boschi residui: problematiche di conservazione. Natura Bresciana, Ann. Mus. Civ. Sc. Nat., Brescia, 36: 231-236.

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RESIDUAL WOODS: NATURAL, ECOLOGICAL, LANDSCAPE AND ECONOMIC VALUES Taffetani F., Micheletti A., Rismondo M., Zitti S. Dipartimento 3A, Università Politecnica delle Marche. Via Brecce bianche - 60131 Ancona (Italia). [email protected]

The evolution of the Italian countryside after the last war today is a situation that has no equal in the last 500 years. We are the first to observe large wooded areas left to their natural evolution. The changes involved in this process are not always easy to predict for us and they have certainly very different consequences if it is mountainous wooded areas, set in a more or less large contiguous forestry systems, or small wooded isolated nuclei within a landscape dominated by agricultural activities and more or less deeply urbanized. While in the foothill areas are witnessing an important and widespread recovery of maturity linked to the phenomenon of abandonment, not always accompanied by an increase of naturalness and biodiversity, in the rural landscape of hills and plains there is a progressive impoverishment of both qualitative and quantitative especially of the non-productive semi-natural areas due to agricultural activities and urbanization. In this context, the few remaining patches of forests are in a particularly sensitive position: their environmental value recognized he has not withdrawn from the pressure agronomic, and economic exploitation was replaced by the abandonment (often due to lack of interest, as well as the unweighted choice for storage), but he lacks, as well as adequate financial resources, experience has been gained on how to study, management and maintenance, ensuring their preservation, not only the structure but also fitocenotic of biodiversity, flora and fauna (Taffetani, 2009; Taffetani et al. 2009). The residual forest areas represent significant examples and indispensable to reconstruct the potential of large areas now devoid of natural vegetation and semi. This information is essential for two important practical applications in the field of agronomy and forestry. Finally, the residual forests constitute irreplaceable "seed banks" for the production of seeds and propagules to be used for the recovery and reconstruction of forest environments. It also allows to recover ecotypes adapted to different local environmental conditions that are realized by the combination of geological substrate and the climatic conditions within the various bioclimatic belts hills. Literature cited

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Taffetani F., 2009. Boschi residui in Italia tra paesaggio rurale e conservazione. In: Atti del 3° Congresso Nazionale di Selvicoltura, Taormina 16-19 ottobre 2008. Firenze, (I): 283-294. Taffetani F., Giannangeli A., Micheletti A. Rismondo M., Velo K., Zitti S., 2009. Boschi residui: problematiche di conservazione. Natura Bresciana, Ann. Mus. Civ. Sc. Nat., Brescia, 36: 231-236.

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OS ARRELVADOS DE BRACHYPODIUM PHOENICOIDES (L.) ROEM. & SCHULT. DO OESTE IBÉRICO Vila-Viçosa C.1, Meireles C.1, Mendes P.1, Vázquez F.M.2, Raposo M.1, QuintoCanas R.1, Pinto-Gomes C.1 1. Departamento de Paisagem, Ambiente e Ordenamento, Escola de Ciência e Tecnologia (ECT), Universidade de Évora (Portugal). Rua Romão Ramalho, nº 59, P-7000-671 Évora, Portugal / Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (ICAAM). Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7002-554 Évora (Portugal). [email protected] - 2. Centro de Investigación Agraria Finca La Orden - Valdesequera / Departamento de Producción Forestal y Pastos, Badajoz (España). [email protected]

Os arrelvados vivazes assumem um papel preponderande na compreensão da dinâmica serial, nomeadamente os dominados pelo hemicriptófito Brachypodium phoenicoides (L.) Roem. & Schult. Sendo tradicionalmente uma espécie característica de Festuco valesiacae-Brometea erecti Br.-Bl. & Tüxen ex Klika & Hadăc, a sua ocorrência no Oeste Ibérico, distante da sua filiação sintaxonómica, obriga a um estudo global englobando todas as associações desta área. Como novas associações têm vindo a ser descritas, possuindo um elevado número de espécies características, filiadas ora em Agrostietalia castellanae Rivas-Martínez in Rivas-Martínez, Costa, Castroviejo & Valdés 1980, ora em Molinio arundinaceae-Holoschoenion vulgaris Br.-Bl. ex Tchou., estando bem segregadas desde o ponto de vista edáfico, até biogeográfico e bioclimático. Apresetando frequentemente, no elenco de espécies características, assembleias de espécies dubias, estes arrelavados inserem-se em situações contrastantes, no que diz respeito a dinâmica serial, mudando drásticamente o seu carácter desde bosques climatófilos até posições tempori-higrófilas, nomeadamente em substratos siliciosos que podem incluir areias e arenitos. Todos estes factos mostram elevadas dissemelhanças nos elencos floristicos, com consequencias relevantes ao nível das filiações sintaxonómicas, bem distantes das tipologias pertencentes à Classe Festuco-Brometea, normalmente inserida na dinâmica de bosques caducifólios e temperados, preferencialmente sobre calcários e substratos argilófilos. Combinando análise de cluster hierárquica com a metodologia fitossociológica, e tendo por base o trabalho de campo realizado no âmbito do projecto POCTEP OTALEX C, descrevemos uma nova associação denominada Centaureo croccatae-Brachypodietum phoenicoides (Agrostio castellanae-Stipion giganteae) de solos xistosos e inserida na dinâmica serial de bosques marcescentes (Quercus marianica) do Distrito Monchiquense.

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Propomos ainda soluções sintaxonómicas em relação a esta complexa variedade de comunidades presididas por este conspicuo hemicriptófito. Bibliografia Costa JC., Neto C., Aguiar C., Capelo J., Espirito-Santo M.D., Honrado J., Pinto-Gomes C., Monteiro-Henriques T., Sequeira M., Lousã M., 2012. Vascular plant communities in Portugal (Continental, the Azores and Madeira). Global Geobotany 2:1-180. Raposo M., Vila-Viçosa, C., Meireles C., Pinto-Gomes C., in press. Nova Associação Silicícola de Brachypodium phoenicoides (L.) Roem. & Schult.para o Sudoeste Ibérico. International Geobotanical Research. Sílvia R., Miguel L. & Espírito-Santo M. D., 2013. Patterns of floristic composition of Mediterranean meadows and mesophytic grasslands in Eastern Continental Portugal. Plant Biosystems. 147. Rivas-Martínez S., 2011. Mapas de series, geoseries y geopermaseries de vegetación de España [Memoria del mapa de vegetación potencial de España]. Parte II. Itinera Geobot. 18: 5-800.

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THE WEST IBERIAN BRACHYPODIUM PHOENICOIDES (L.) ROEM. & SCHULT. GRASSLANDS Vila-Viçosa C.1, Meireles C.1, Mendes P.1, Vázquez F.M.2, Raposo M.1, QuintoCanas R.1, Pinto-Gomes C.1 1. Departamento de Paisagem, Ambiente e Ordenamento, Escola de Ciência e Tecnologia (ECT), Universidade de Évora (Portugal). Rua Romão Ramalho, nº 59, P-7000-671 Évora, Portugal / Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (ICAAM). Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7002-554 Évora (Portugal). [email protected] - 2. Centro de Investigación Agraria Finca La Orden - Valdesequera / Departamento de Producción Forestal y Pastos, Badajoz (España). [email protected]

Perennial grasslands assume a major role on understanding seral dynamics, namely those regarding Brachypodium phoenicoides (L.) Roem. & Schult. Traditionally a characteristic species from Festuco valesiacae-Brometea erecti Br.-Bl. & Tüxen ex Klika & Hadăc it‟s occurrence in Western Iberian Peninsula, distal from its sintaxonomic affiliation, demands a global study featuring all associations that occur in this area. As newer associations have been recently described, possessing a high number of characteristics, being either affiliated in Agrostietalia castellanae Rivas-Martínez in Rivas-Martínez, Costa, Castroviejo & Valdés 1980 either in Molinio arundinaceae-Holoschoenion vulgaris Br.-Bl. ex Tchou. As all of them are well separated from edaphically, till biogeographic and bioclimatic viewpoint, they present frequently, in the characteristic role of species, dubious assemblies. Consequently these grasslands are inserted in contrasting situations in what regards to seral dynamics changing a lot in their character from climacic woodlands till temporihygrophilous circumstances, namely in siliceous substrates that can include sands and sandstones. All these facts shows high dissimilarities in floristic casts with relevant consequences on sintaxonomic affiliations, well segregated from FestucoBrometea typologies, normally inserted in the understory of deciduous and temperate woodlands, preferably above limestones and clayed substrata. Combining hierarchical cluster analysis with phytosociological methodology, and based on POCTEP OTALEX C fieldwork, we describe a new association called Centaureo croccatae-Brachypodietum phoenicoides (Agrostio castellanae-Stipion giganteae) from schistose soils and inserted in the seral dynamics of marcescent woodlands (Quercus marianica) from Monchiquense District. We also propose sintaxonomic solutions regarding these complex variety of communities presided by this conspicuous species.

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Literature cited Costa JC., Neto C., Aguiar C., Capelo J., Espirito-Santo M.D., Honrado J., Pinto-Gomes C., Monteiro-Henriques T., Sequeira M., Lousã M., 2012. Vascular plant communities in Portugal (Continental, the Azores and Madeira). Global Geobotany 2:1-180. Raposo M., Vila-Viçosa, C., Meireles C., Pinto-Gomes C., in press. Nova Associação Silicícola de Brachypodium phoenicoides (L.) Roem. & Schult.para o Sudoeste Ibérico. International Geobotanical Research. Sílvia R., Miguel L. & Espírito-Santo M. D., 2013. Patterns of floristic composition of Mediterranean meadows and mesophytic grasslands in Eastern Continental Portugal. Plant Biosystems. 147. Rivas-Martínez S., 2011. Mapas de series, geoseries y geopermaseries de vegetación de España [Memoria del mapa de vegetación potencial de España]. Parte II. Itinera Geobot. 18: 5-800.

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DISTRIBUCIÓN DE MAYTENUS SENEGALENSIS SUBSP. EUROPAEUS. EJEMPLO DE LA FRAGMENTACIÓN DE HÁBITATS EN LA CUENCA MEDITERRÁNEA. Mendoza-Fernández A.J., Martínez-Hernández F., Pérez-García F. J., MedinaCazorla J. M., Garrido-Becerra J. A., Guirado Romero J. S., Merlo M. E. & Mota J.F. Dpto. Biología y Geología, Univ. de Almería. Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, Almería, Spain. C.P.: 04120. [email protected]

Las comunidades de “artinera” o “arto” (Maytenus senegalensis subsp. europaeus) constituyen formaciones de flora vascular singulares en el sureste ibérico. Son comunidades ecológicamente valiosas que no se encuentran en ninguna otra parte de Europa (Mota et al., 1996). Además, ésta y otras especies de la familia Celastraceae poseen gran interés gracias a sus propiedades terapéuticas antibacteriana o anti-vírica (Matu & Van Staden, 2003). Mediante métodos combinados de modelización de variables ambientales (Benito et al., 2011), fotointerpretación histórica y nuestro propio trabajo de campo, se ha reconstruido una cronosecuencia de la evolución del hábitat de Maytenus senegalensis subsp. europaeus desde el año 1956 hasta la actualidad. Los resultados mostraron una fuerte regresión del área de distribución de las formaciones de “artinera”. Se han perdido más de 26.000 hectáreas de área potencial para el desarrollo de la especie en la provincia de Almería. Teniendo en cuenta el número de polígonos final esta área se ha fragmentado 18 veces más desde los años 50. Con estos resultados se refuerza la idea de que la alteración y fragmentación del hábitat debido a actividades humanas es una de las causas más importantes de pérdida de biodiversidad y de cambio global. Estas actividades son sobre todo la agricultura intensiva bajo plástico y la urbanización sin una planificación sostenible del territorio. El conocimiento acerca de la distribución de Maytenus senegalensis subsp. europaeus es de sumo interés de cara a futuras restauraciones de hábitats, ya que el “arto” es una especie facilitadora, o ejerce efecto nodriza, para otras especies de flora vascular que conviven en el mismo hábitat. Por tanto, sería la especie clave para la recuperación de estos ecosistemas en toda su área potencial. Bibliografía Matu E.N., Van Staden J., 2003. Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of some plants used for medicinal purposes in Kenya. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 87 (1): 3541.

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Mota J.F., Peñas J., Castro H., Cabello J., Guirado J.S., 1996. Agricultural development vs biodiversity conservation: The Mediterranean semiarid vegetation in El Ejido (Almeria, southeastern Spain). Biodiversity and Conservation 5 (12): 1597-1617. Peñas J., Benito B., Lorite J., Ballesteros M., Cañadas E.M., Martinez-Ortega M., 2011. Habitat Fragmentation in Arid Zones: A Case Study of Linaria nigricans Under Land Use Changes (SE Spain). Environmental Management 48 (1):168-76.

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MAYTENUS SENEGALENSIS SUBSP. EUROPAEUS DISTRIBUTION MODELING. EXAMPLE OF HABITAT FRAGMENTATION IN THE MEDITERRANEAN BASIN Mendoza-Fernández A. J., Martínez-Hernández F., Pérez-García F. J., MedinaCazorla J. M., Garrido-Becerra J. A., Guirado Romero J. S., Merlo M. E. & Mota J.F. Dpto. Biología y Geología, University of Almería. Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, Almería, Spain. P.C. 04120. [email protected]

“Artinera” or “arto” vascular flora communities (Maytenus senegalensis subsp. europaeus) are unique formations in the Iberian southeast. These are ecologically valuable plant communities found nowhere else in Europe (Mota et al., 1996). In addition, this and other species of the Celastraceae family have great interest due to its therapeutic anti-bacterial or anti-viral properties (Matu & Van Staden, 2003). By combining modeling methods of environmental variables (Peñas et al., 2011), historical photo-interpretation and our own fieldwork, a chronosequence of the evolution of the suitable habitat of Maytenus senegalensis subsp. europaeus, from 1956 to the present has been reconstructed. Results showed a strong regression range of “artinera” populations. It has been lost more than 26,000 hectares of potential area of this species in the province of Almeria. Considering the final number of polygons this area has been fragmented 18 times since the 50s. These results reinforce the idea that the alteration and fragmentation of habitat due to human activities is one of the most important causes of loss of biodiversity and global change. These activities are mostly intensive greenhouse agriculture and urbanization without sustainable land planning. Knowledge about the distribution of Maytenus senegalensis subsp. europaeus is of great interest for future habitat restoration, due to “arto” acts as facilitator species or nurse plant for other plant species that coexist in the same habitat. Therefore, this would be the key species to recovery these ecosystems in its whole potential area. Literature cited Matu E.N., Van Staden J., 2003. Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of some plants used for medicinal purposes in Kenya. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 87 (1): 3541. Mota J.F., Peñas J., Castro H., Cabello J., Guirado J.S., 1996. Agricultural development vs biodiversity conservation: The Mediterranean semiarid vegetation in El Ejido (Almeria, southeastern Spain). Biodiversity and Conservation 5 (12): 1597-1617. Peñas J., Benito B., Lorite J., Ballesteros M., Cañadas E.M., Martinez-Ortega M., 2011. Habitat Fragmentation in Arid Zones: A Case Study of Linaria nigricans Under Land Use Changes (SE Spain). Environmental Management 48 (1):168-76.

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“Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources” Gambarie d‟Aspromonte – RC (Italy), June 2-7, 2013

CONTRIBUCIÓN AL ESTUDIO DE JUNIPERETUM PHOENICEOTHURIFERAE EN ZAOREJAS (GUADALAJARA, ESPAÑA). Hermosilla González A. B., Redondo García M. M. Dpto. Análisis Geográfico Regional y Geografía Física. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. [email protected]; [email protected]

Esta aportación es una primera aproximación del estudio y análisis de la distribución de la serie Juniperetum phoeniceo-thuriferae en el municipio de Zaorejas. Zaorejas, se localiza en el SE de la provincia de Guadalajara (Castilla La Mancha, España). Está incluido dentro de la “rama castellana del Sistema Ibérico”. Para la elaboración de este trabajo se partió de una cartografía predictiva como el método más sencillo. Este método consta de que a partir de la distribución de las comunidades vegetales y de una serie de datos de interés geográfico (relieve, litología, climatología, etc.), permite diagnosticar las exigencias ecológicas de las comunidades vegetales, y en función de ello buscar en el territorio otras parcelas que cumplan las mismas o similares condiciones. La asociación Juniperetum phoeniceo-thuriferae aparece dispersa por todo el territorio, situándose sobre todo en las zonas más altas. Son comunidades de terrenos poco aprovechables por lo que se encuentran por lo general bien conservadas. Esta asociación se da sobre una litología de calizas y margas blancas, a veces con nódulos de sílex y lignitos y sobre algunas porciones de arcillas, cantos, conglomerados y areniscas. Se desarrollan principalmente sobre suelos rendzsicos, aunque también se desarrollan sobre pardos calizos con alternancia de margas, areniscas y conglomerados. La importancia de estos sabinares negrales radica en su valor paleoecológico y paleobotánico, ya que representan reliquias de tipos de vegetación antigua, xeroterma, que durante los periodos glaciares se refugió en estos enclaves.

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VII INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR

MANAGEMENT AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

“Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources” Gambarie d‟Aspromonte – RC (Italy), June 2-7, 2013

CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF THE JUNIPERETUM PHOENICEO-THURIFERAE IN ZAOREJAS (GUADALAJARA, SPAIN). Hermosilla González A. B., Redondo García M. M. Dpto. Análisis Geográfico Regional y Geografía Física. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. [email protected]; [email protected]

This contribution presents a first approximation of the distribution of the serie Juniperetum phoeniceo-thuriferae in the municipality of Zaorejas. Located in the SE of the province of Guadalajara (Castilla La Mancha, Spain). Included within the "rama Castellana del Sistema Ibérico." Zaorejas is the largest municipality having regard to the Alto Tajo Natural Park.

For the elaboration of this study we began with a predictive mapping as the more simple method for the analysis of the serie Juniperetum phoeniceo-thuriferae. From the distribution of plant communities and geographical data set (topographic relief, lithology, climatology …) we can diagnose ecological requirements of the communities and on that basis to look for other parcels in the territory with the same or similar features. The association Juniperetum phoeniceo-thuriferae is scattered throughout the country, reaching especially in the higher areas. Communities are little usable land so is usually well preserved. This association is on a limestone and marl lithology white, sometimes with chert nodules and brown and some portions of clay, pebbles, conglomerates and sandstones. Soils occur mainly on rendzsicos, but also develop on brown limestone with alternating marls, sandstones and conglomerates. The importance of these “Juniperetum phoenicea” is its paleobotanical and paleoecological value as they represent relics of old vegetation types, xeroterma, that during glacial periods took refuge in these enclaves.

129

VII INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR

MANAGEMENT AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

“Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources” Gambarie d‟Aspromonte – RC (Italy), June 2-7, 2013

ANALISIS Y DISTRIBUCIÓN DE POLYSTICHO SETIFERIFRAXINETUM EXCELSIORIS EN EL PARQUE NATURAL DE REDES (ASTURIAS, ESPAÑA) Redondo García M. M., Cernuda Rodríguez J.M., Hermosilla González A. B. Dpto. Análisis Geográfico Regional y Geografía Física. Facultad de Geografía e Historia. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

El Parque Natural de Redes, escenario del estudio, se sitúa en el sector centrooriental de la Cordillera Cantábrica, al sur de Asturias. Es Reserva de la Biosfera, Lugar de Importancia Comunitaria (LIC) y Zona de Especial Protección para las Aves (ZEPA), y tiene la Certificación Q de calidad turística (2005). Los factores ambientales de mayor influencia en la diversidad vegetal son los climáticos (diferenciándose tres pisos bioclimáticos) y edáficos (debido a una gran heterogeneidad de sustratos rocosos). La riqueza de formaciones litológicas (Calizas, Pizarras, Areniscas y Cuarcitas), la incisión de los cursos de agua en el terreno han formado desfiladeros y valles, que en las áreas más bajas de la cuenca se abren dando lugar a la formación de amplias vegas. La biodiversidad vegetal boscosa ocupa casi el 40% del parque; el 33% esta ocupado por un decena de bosques maduros, bien conservados, densos y escasamente fragmentados, entre ellos, hayedos de Fagus sylvatica y en menor medida fresnedas de Fraxinus excelsior. La asociación Polysticho setiferi-Fraxinetum excelsioris, o carbayedas son bosques frescos mixtos y eutrofos con Quercus robur, Acer psudoplatanus y Fraxinus excelsior que se distribuyen y son exclusivos de los territorios de carácter oceánico de la franja cantabroatlántica. En este estudio se muestra la distribución de las fresnedas en el territorio, las distintas geofacies con Fraxinus excelsior, bien como especie dominante, o bien como especie secundaria e incluso como especie tercera. En el pasado la formación de Quercus robur constituyó la cobertura principal de las zonas más altas de Asturias; en la actualidad, por la acción antrópica agropecuaria han sido reducidos por cultivos (Malus domestica, labranzas) y/o prados de siega. El resultado es la escasez de bosques maduros pudiéndose reconocer su área potencial por las comunidades de sustitución, zarzales de RuboTametum, y su uso.

130

VII INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR

MANAGEMENT AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

“Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources” Gambarie d‟Aspromonte – RC (Italy), June 2-7, 2013

ANALYSIS AND DISTRIBUTION OF POLYSTICHO SETIFERIFRAXINETUM EXCELSIORIS IN THE NATURAL PARK OF REDES (ASTURIAS, ESPAÑA) Redondo García M.M., Cernuda Rodríguez J.M., Hermosilla González A. B. Dpto. Análisis Geográfico Regional y Geografía Física. Facultad de Geografía e Historia. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

The Redes Natural Park, scene of the study, is located in the central-eastern sector of the Cantabrian Mountains, to the South of Asturias. It is biosphere reserve, site of Community importance (SCI) and special protection for birds (ZEPA) area, and has the certification Q of tourist quality (2005). Environmental factors of greater influence on biodiversity of the vegetation are the climate (differentiating three floors bioclimatic) and soil (due to a big heterogeneity of rocky substrata). The wealth of lithological formations (limestone, Slate, sandstone and quartzite) the incisions of watercourses in the area have formed gorges and valleys, in the lower areas of the basin opening leading to the formation of large “Vegas” The biodiversity forest occupies nearly 40% of the Park; 33% is occupied by a dozen of mature forests, well preserved, dense and poorly fragmented, including beech Fagus sylvatica and to a lesser extent ash Fraxinus excelsior. The Association Polysticho setiferi-Fraxinetum excelsioris are mixed fresh forests and eutrophic vegetation with Quercus robur, Acer psudoplatanus and Fraxinus excelsior which they are distributed and are exclusive to the territories of oceanic character of the Strip cantabroatlantica. This study shows the distribution of the Fraxinetum excelsior in the territory, the different geofacies with Fraxinus excelsior, either as dominant species, or as secondary species and even as a third species. In the past the formation of Quercus robur constituted the main coverage of the higher areas of Asturias. Today by agricultural anthropogenic action have been reduced by crops (Malus domestica, farmings, etc) and/or hay meadows. In the actuality, the result is the shortage of mature forests can be recognized, through the communities of substitution, the potential vegetation of the territory, that is, by the zarzales of Rubo-Tametum and its use.

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VII INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR

MANAGEMENT AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

“Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources” Gambarie d‟Aspromonte – RC (Italy), June 2-7, 2013

INDICE DEGLI AUTORI / AUTHORS’ INDEX

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VII INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR

MANAGEMENT AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

“Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources” Gambarie d‟Aspromonte – RC (Italy), June 2-7, 2013

Bacchetta G., 11 Batista T., 79 Beer F., 97 Biondi E., 13 Blasi C., 17 Bombino G., 19 Caloiero E., 93 Cano E., 21, 53, 55, 85, 103 Cano-Ortiz A., 44, 53, 85, 101 Capotorti G., 16, Cernuda Rodríguez J.M., 130 Conceição-Castro M., Crisafulli A., 57 Cristaudo A., 59 del Río S., 25, 101 Denisi P., 19 Di Somma A., 63 Falavigna A., 113 Fenu G., 11 Forconi V., 93 Fortugno D., 19 Frondoni R., Gangale C., 65 Garrido-Becerra J.A., 36, 69, 125 Gil C., 69 Guarino R, 28 Gucciardo D., 97 Guidi S., 93 Gulisano G., 32 Guirado Romero J.S., 125 Hermosilla Gónzález A.B., 63, 81, 109, 128, 130

Ighbareyeh J.M.H., 21 Interlandi M., 97 La Mantia T., 97 Lancioni A., 45 Livreri Console S., 97 Lombardo E., 57 Longo C., 113 Maiorca G., 93 Marcianò C., 32 Martínez Labarga J. M., 71 Martínez Lombardo Mª C., 21, 101 Martínez-Hernández F., 36, 69, 125 Martínez-Nieto M.I., 69 Mattana E. 11 Maugeri G., 59 Medina-Cazorla J.M., , 125 Meireles C., 38, 75, 79, 121 Mendes P., 38, 75, 79, 103, 121 Mendoza-Fernández A.J., 36, 69, 125 Menguzzato G., 65 Mercati F., 113 Merlo M.E., 36, 69, 125 Micheletti A., 117 Mota J. F., 36, 69, 125 Molero González E., 81 Musarella C.M., 21, 44, 55, 85 Muzzalupo I., 93 Navas J., 85 Odoguardi R., 93 Pasta S., 97 Penas A., 25 Pérez-García F. J., 36, 69, 125 133

VII INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR

MANAGEMENT AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

“Planning and management of agricultural and forestry resources” Gambarie d‟Aspromonte – RC (Italy), June 2-7, 2013

Picone R.M., 57 Piñar Fuentes J. C., 21, 55, 85, 101 Pinto Gomes C.J., 38, 55, 75, 79, 85, 103, 121 Quinto-Canas R., 103, 121 Raposo M., 107, 121 Redondo García M.M., 63, 81, 109, 128, 130 Restuccia A., 59 Riccardi P., 113 Rismondo M., 45, 117 Rodríguez-Rojo Mª P., 42 Salmerón-Sánchez E., 69 Sánchez-Mata D., 42 Sculli O., 93 Spampinato G., 44, 55, 85, 93 Statti G., 65 Stillitano T., 32 Sunseri F., 113 Taffetani F., 45, 117 Tamburino V., 19 Uzunov D., 65 Vázquez F.M., 85, 121 Veloz A., 43, 53 Vila-Viçosa C., 38, 75, 79, 85, 103, 121 Xibilia L., 59 Zavattero L., 17 Zema D.A., 19 Zimbone S.M., 19 Zitti S., 117 2