new Canadians, and the long term health implications of over- weight and ... Faculty of Phys. Ed. & Rec. ... University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
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Conclusion: The combination of youth being a large percentage of new Canadians, and the long term health implications of overweight and obesity make this area a priority for research.
indicators not only in adolescence but also in adulthood. Special attention on adolescents with different pubertal timing is warranted to help address the issues related to puberty and psychological weight-related coping mechanisms in this particular population.
330 Investigating Food Choice and Food-Related Problems in Individuals Living with Prader-Willi Syndrome KETIH BREWSTER, PAUL SHARP Kelowna Band Surgery, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada Background: Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS), recognized as the most common genetic form of obesity, is a multi-system disorder characterized by hyperphagiac tendencies that often lead to lifelong obesity (i.e. type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obstructive sleep apnea, etc.). The current study sought to investigate the relationship between food choice, food-related problems, and selective attentional biases in obese individuals living with and without PWS. Methods: A total of 33 participants (14 PWS vs. 19 Obese Comparison) completed the Food Related Problem Questionnaire (FRPQ) prior to viewing a series of food items varying in type, size, and caloric density. In doing so, participants were asked to rate foods on desirability and health while eye-movements were recorded. Results: The FRPQ revealed that all 14 PWS individuals had some form of food-related problem (preoccupation, satiety impairment, and/or challenging behaviour) compared to only 2 from the obese comparison group. Participants with PWS spent significantly more time viewing, and desiring ‘unhealthy’, calorically dense foods; decisions moderated by portion size. Conversely, obese controls spent more time viewing ‘unhealthy’ foods but showed greater desire for ‘healthier’ items. Significant differences in viewing quality (location) were evident between groups. Lastly, both the preoccupation and challenging behaviour subscales of the FRPQ were correlated with increased viewing times and food choice. Conclusion: Results from this study suggest that selective attentional biases, amongst both groups, appear to be moderated by food choice. Moreover, results also suggest the FRPQ can be an effective tool to appraise food-related problems in PWS patients.
331 Does Pubertal Timing Matter? The Association Between Pubertal Timing and Health Indicators in Adulthood EUN-YOUNG LEE, JOHN SPENCE Faculty of Phys. Ed. & Rec., University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Early Maturational or Early Timing hypothesis suggest that early maturers are at particular risk for psychological problems and engagement in unhealthy weight control behaviours compare to average- or late-maturer, particularly among females. Nonetheless, there is a positive relationship between early maturation and percent of body fat. The experience of earlier maturation compared their peers in adolescence may also have an impact on health indicators including Body Mass Index (BMI), weight perception (WP), weight control behaviours, physical activity (PA) level, and Quality of Life (QoL) in adulthood. The current study aimed to examine the association between pubertal timing, BMI, WP, weight control behaviours, PA level, and QoL among 1,886 female Korean adults aged between 19 to 50 year old who participated in the 2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHNES). Adults who experienced advanced maturation in adolescence showed higher BMI (p ¼ .029), negative WP (p ¼ .000), unhealthy WCB such as skipping meals (p ¼ .014), lower moderate PA level (p ¼ .414), and lower QoL compared to adults who experienced puberty on average time. Interestingly, adults with advanced maturation perceived their weight as overweight more often than average- or late-matured adults while the highest average BMI score were observed in late maturers. The study results suggest that the biological maturation may be a strong determinant of health
332 Weight Misperception in Korean Female Adults: Findings from The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010 EUN-YOUNG LEE, JONGNAM HWANG, JOHN SPENCE Faculty of Phys. Ed. & Rec., University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Body weight perception is a strong determinant of health-related behaviours, such as nutritional habits and weight control behaviours regardless of the actual Body Mass Index (BMI). Asian people are more susceptible to health problems at lower BMI levels compared to western people therefore, increased awareness regarding being overweight or obese among Koreans may result in an overestimation in their weight status and engagement in unhealthy weight control behaviours, particularly in women. The current study compared perceived body weight and BMI among 1,844 female Korean adults aged between 19 to 50 year-old. Using BMI calculated from measured height and weight, 17.8% of participants were overweight or obese and 7.8% of participants were underweight. Meanwhile, 45.3% of participants perceived themselves to be overweight or obese and 10.3% of participants perceived themselves to be underweight. Participants who perceived their weight as overweight or obese showed the lowest Quality of Life (QoL) (p ¼ .28) and the highest weight control behaviours (p ¼ .000) compare to the participants who perceived their weight as under-or normal-weight. Interestingly, Participants who perceived themselves to be overweight or obese reported the highest moderate (p ¼ .057) and vigorous physical activity level (p ¼ .000) while participants who perceived themselves as underweight reported the opposite. Also, participants who perceived themselves as underweight showed the lowest EuroQolVisual Analog Score (EQ-VAS) which records the respondent’s selfrated health at the moment of report. Addressing the social stigma around being overweight and obese must be the priority of public health concern in South Korea by increasing awareness of healthy weight levels and accurate weight perception, which may subsequently have an impact on overall QoL and mental health.
333 Building Community Nutrition Capacity through Participatory Research in a Remote First Nation: Lessons Learned from Kashechewan, Ontario MICHELLE GATES, ALLISON GATES, RHONA HANNING, LEN TSUJI University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Objectives: To describe the lessons learned in implementing and a school-based healthy snack program for First Nations youth in Kashechewan, Ontario, focusing on the key strategies that influenced community capacity building, sustainability, and potential for further development. Methods: A school snack program was initiated in May 2009 through a collaborative effort between university researchers and school administrators. Dietary change was a key outcome of interest, measured by 24-h dietary recall. Between 2009 and 2012, focus groups, interviews with key stakeholders, and continued community-University collaboration were used to elucidate the key factors influencing capacity building, sustainability, and success in terms of dietary outcomes. Results: The program encountered challenges to improved dietary intakes and sustainability in the first year (results published elsewhere). Key success strategies have included sustained funding and awareness of key challenges (research knowledge sharing), having
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a key program champion and formation of a school nutrition task force (community ownership, self-reliance), bulk food delivery (between-community knowledge sharing) and enhanced facilities for running the program (prioritization of resources). After 2.5 years, vegetable and fruit intakes improved from 2.3 to 3.6 servings/day (p¼0.019), a demonstration of community members’ enhanced capacity in independently delivering the program. Conclusions: The success strategies for program sustainability generated through this research partnership may be helpful to other communities facing similar circumstances. The lessons learned can also be used in the implementation of new health promotion strategies. Long-term improvements in vegetable and fruit intakes demonstrate improved nutrition capacity as a result of the participatory research.
334 Changing Understandings of Obesity: A Sociological Perspective FRANCINE DARROCH University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada In this presentation (or poster) I will examine both the social construction of the obesity epidemic and dominant obesity discourses that persist in sociological literature. Rich and Evans (2005) argued that understanding obesity through dominant biomedical discourses “at the exclusion of critical social theory, may be preventing us from taking obesity research and health policy in new and revealing directions” (p. 349). Obesity is an extremely complicated phenomenon due to the factors that interact and shape obesity outcomes such as biological, behavioural and societal influences (Raine, 2004); further, these dominant bio-medical positions shape societal understandings of body weight. I will then discuss the social construction of obesity and the dominant discourses of obesity within the discipline of sociology over the past 40 years, which I argue remain relatively unchanged in relation to popular discourses. My review will examine three separate but related discourses: individuals bear personal responsibility for obesity, obesity is an “epidemic”, and fat is bad. Collectively, these discourses exist within a discursive field that results in moral panic. Finally, I argue that sociology has a key role to play in creating solutions to improve health.
335 Full Circle - Do Intergenerational Approaches Hold Promise for Preventing and Managing Obesity Among Aboriginal Populations? SARAH OOSMAN, SYLVIA ABONYI University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada Obesity rates of Aboriginal children and adults living in Canada are disproportionately higher than the general Canadian population across the lifespan. Promoting health among Aboriginal children, as well as older adults, is a primary focus in Aboriginal communities in order to prevent and manage such conditions as obesity. Promoting healthy knowledge, attitudes and behaviours among generations allows integration of cultural values and Aboriginal knowledge into programming, thereby positively influencing health across the lifespan. This review focuses on highlighting evaluative research conducted on health promotion intervention programs for Aboriginal children and older adults, separately and intergenerationally. A detailed search of relevant databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, SocINDEX) was conducted with the following search terms: (obesity, body weight, BMI, body mass index, weight loss, overweight) AND (prevention, health promotion, primary prevention, secondary prevention) AND (intervention, practice, program, evaluat*, manage*) AND (Aboriginal, Indigenous, First Nations, Métis) AND (adult, youth, child, older adult, intergeneration*). The search included articles published between January 2007 and September 2012 in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, United States, and European countries. Articles focusing on application
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frameworks and evidence for effective Aboriginal culture-based approaches to healthy body weight promotion and obesity management were retrieved. This paper highlights the current data and includes a discussion of the theory basis, framework and evidence for implementing evaluative research on relevant, culture-based obesity interventions across various Aboriginal age groups. The findings will inform community-based intervention researchers and community stakeholders in designing intergenerational obesity prevention and management programming that may positively influence health of Aboriginal populations across the lifespan.
336 Key Learnings from a Health Sciences Education and Research Commons Experience in Developing an Interprofessional Centre for Obesity Management Education JOANNE DAVIES, TARA BOND, MARY FORHAN, STEVE SUTTON, CHRISTINE FARRIES HSERC, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Introduction: The Health Sciences Education and Research Commons (HSERC - University of Alberta), brings together 8 health faculties into a new facility and collaborative community for health education and research entities, launched in 2011. HSERC and partners have been developing interprofessional courses on obesity management for prelicensure multidisciplinary health science students and practicing professionals (in EMS, nursing, occupational therapy and other disciplines). The courses provide training (including simulation) in multiple practice areas and outline strategies for interprofessional health promotion/prevention, and primary/specialty patient-centred care. The process has highlighted both opportunities and challenges for developing course curriculum to strategically address obesity. Key learnings will inform and improve future curriculum planning for obesity and health system improvement. This presentation describes the process of plan development, focusing on key learnings. Methods: A steering committee, working groups, and project teams were established to guide plan development. Plan content was gathered by various methods and involved stakeholders from multiple faculties and practice organizations. Results: Pilot curriculum was delivered in Fall 2012 with additional pilots planned for Winter 2013. Learnings were grouped under key themes including improved outcomes for patients, practitioner/ health system improvements, and interprofessional competencies (communication, collaboration, role clarification, reflection, patient-centred care). Conclusions: Developing post-secondary and continuing interprofessional courses to address obesity management across multiple faculties and health professions is a challenging but worthwhile process. Learnings can be applied to improve future obesity educational programs and curriculum content.
337 Ethnic Differences in Beliefs and Attitudes Toward Other People’s Body Size from The Multi-cultural Community Health Assessment Trial (M-CHAT) MONICA LEE, DANIJELA GASEVIC, JASMINE PARMAR, ANN YEW, SCOTT LEAR Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada It has been suggested that ethnic differences in obesity prevalence may be due to differences in body image perception. We examined the relationship of ethnicity with beliefs and attitudes toward one-self’s and others’ body image. A total of 625 Aboriginal, Chinese, European and South Asian adults were assessed for socio-demographics, smoking status, income, height and weight. Beliefs and attitudes toward body image were evaluated by questionnaire. Associations between ethnicity and beliefs/attitudes toward body image were assessed using the linear regression analyses models adjusted for age,
