BULK AND NANO-ZINC OXIDE PARTICLES AFFECTING PHYSIO ...

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Official Full-Text Paper (PDF): BULK AND NANO-ZINC OXIDE PARTICLES ... ISSN(P): 2349-6525 | Impact Factor: 6.573 | Thomson Reuters Researcher ID: L-5236-2015 ... Email:- [email protected], http://www.euroasiapub.org. An open ...
International Journal of Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences(IJREAS) Available online at http://euroasiapub.org/journals.php Vol. 7 Issue 2, February-2017, pp. 17~28 ISSN (O): 2249-3905, ISSN(P): 2349-6525 | Impact Factor: 6.573 | Thomson Reuters Researcher ID: L-5236-2015

BULK AND NANO-ZINC OXIDE PARTICLES AFFECTING PHYSIO-MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PISUM SATIVUM Lakhvinder Kaur, Assistant Professor , Manav Rachana International University, Faridabad Haryana, India

Abstract Zinc oxide nanoparticles are very much important due to their utilization in gas sensors, biosensors, cosmetics, drug-delivery systems, and many more. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) exhibit remarkable optical, physical, and antimicrobial properties and therefore have great potential to enhance agriculture. The use of these NPs leads to their discharge and accumulation in the environment affecting both plant and animal’s systems, which emphasizes to study the toxicity of both bulk and NPs. The present study is aimed at investigating the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano-ZnO) and zinc oxide bulk particles on peas (Pisum Sativum). Four parameters are examined in this study: seed germination percentage, root length, shoots length. Different concentration (250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/L) of ZnO Nps and ZnO bulk particles were prepared in distilled water and used for the treatment in peas. The results showed that with increase in the concentration of zinc oxide nanoparticles the germination percentage decreases. The present study showed that the use of the zinc oxide nanoparticles can reduce the quality of the seed germination and seedling length in comparison with control seedlings. Control group showed the maximum seed germination, seedling length, shoot and root growth. The study showed that with increasing the concentration from 250mg/L>500mg/L>1000mg/L>2000mg/L the shoot or root length decreases. It was concluded that the zinc oxide nanoparticles affect the physiological expression of plant. The results show that there is no reduction in the percent seed germination,however nano-ZnO is observed to have detrimental effects on rice roots at early seedling stage. Nano-ZnO isfound to stunt roots length and shoot length. This study shows that direct exposure to specifictypes of nanoparticles causes significant phytotoxicity, emphasizes the need for ecologically responsibledisposal of wastes containing nanoparticles and also highlights the necessity for further study on the impactsof nanoparticles on agricultural and environmental systems.

Key words: Phytotoxicity, Nanoparticle, Zinc oxide, Nanotoxicology

International Journal of Research in Engineering & Applied Sciences Email:- [email protected], http://www.euroasiapub.org An open access scholarly, Online, print, peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary, monthly, and fully refereed journal.

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International Journal of Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences(IJREAS) Vol. 7 Issue 2, February-2017 ISSN (O): 2249-3905, ISSN(P): 2349-6525 | Impact Factor: 6.573 |

INTRODUCTION Nanotechnology is emerging as the technological platform for the next wave of development and transformation of agri-food systems. Nanotechnology is attracting large-scale investment from global food corporations, is backed by academic science, and has captured financial and ideological support from many governments around the world. [1][2] The potential uses and benefits of nanotechnology are enormous. Nanoparticles (Nano Scale Particles = NSPs) are atomic or molecular aggregates with at least one dimension between 1 and 100nm [3][4], that can drastically modify their physio-chemical properties compared to the bulk material [5]. Nanoparticles have interactions at molecular level in living cells and Nano agriculture involves the employment of NPs in agriculture with the ambition that these particles impart some beneficial effects to the crop [6]. The use of NPs in plant growth and for the control of plant diseases is a recent practice [7][8]. Nanoparticles fall in the transition zone between individual molecules and the corresponding bulk materials, which generates both positive and negative biological effects in living cell [9] . Lu et al. [10] studied the effect of mixtures of nano SiO2 and nano TiO2 on soybean seed. They found that the mixture of NPs increases nitrate reductase in soybean increasing its germination and growth and ZnO on growth of Vigna radiata and Cicer arietinum seedlings using plant agar method [11] and Pea nut [12]. USEPA [13] grouped the engineered nanomaterials into four types: (1 ) carbonbased materials, usually including fullerene, single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) and multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT); (2) Metal-based materials such as quantum dots, nanogold, nanozinc (nano-Zn), nanoaluminum (nano-Al), and nanoscale metal oxides like TiO2, ZnO and Al2O3; (3) dendrimers, which are nano-sized polymers built from branched units capable of being tailored to perform specific chemical functions; and (4) composites, which combine nanoparticles with other nanoparticles or with larger, bulk-type materials. In this context, it is appearing that some presowing seed treatment and exogenous application of ex vivo synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) may be able to alleviate the adverse effect of the abiotic stress on germination [14][15][16]. Between the nanoparticles, nanosilica (nSiO2) has gained greater consideration during the last years. Silicon is plentiful in soils and the second most common element on earth after oxygen and has been recognized as a beneficial nutrient for plant growth and development. A number of researchers have reported the advantageous role of silicon on seed germination and seedling development under stress situation [17][18][19][20]. It seems that silicon has a prominent function in plat protection against biotic and abiotic stress [17]. It has been reported that silicon application could alleviate the adverse effects of salinity stress on seed germination [21 ] and increased water-use efficiency and photosynthesis rate in plants[17].

MATERIALS AND METHODS Nano-ZnO were purchased from Nanoshel, Intelligent Materials Pvt. Ltd. Haryana, India. The Bulk ZnO oxide were purchased from Faridabad, Haryana. PROPERTIES OF NANO-ZNO (ZN01) Weight – min 93 %, Alumina – Yes, Amorphous silica – Yes, Specific gravity – 4.0, Bulking valueL/Kg (gal/lb) – 0.25 (0.03), Organic treatment – Yes, Color CIE L* - 99.6, Median particle size – 40-60 mm, Oil absorption – 16.2, pH – 7.9, Resistant at 30°C (86°F) (1,000 ohm) – 8.1, Carbon black undertone – 11.7

International Journal of Research in Engineering & Applied Sciences Email:- [email protected], http://www.euroasiapub.org An open access scholarly, peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary, monthly, and fully refereed journal.

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International Journal of Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences(IJREAS) Vol. 7 Issue 2, February-2017 ISSN (O): 2249-3905, ISSN(P): 2349-6525 | Impact Factor: 6.573 |

NANO-ZNO (NANO-ZN01) Appearance – white or pale yellow powder, Purity – 99.7%, Grain size – 20-50nm, Specific surfacearea (m2/g) - >90, Loss on drying -