Candidatus Nitrosopumilales

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of glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether lipids, including large amounts of crenarchaeol. Cells are light-sensitive. Organisms are widely distributed in marine, ...
Order

Thaumarchaeota/Nitrososphaeria/

Candidatus Nitrosopumilales Könneke, Bernhard, de la Torre, Walker, Waterbury, and Stahl 2005, 545. ..........................................................................................................................................................................................

Wei Qin, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA Willm Martens-Habbena, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA and Molecular Epidemiology Inc., Lake Forest Park WA, USA Julia N. Kobelt, Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA David A. Stahl, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA

Ni.tro.so.pu.mi.la’les. N.L. masc. n. Ca. Nitrosopumilus type genus of the order; -ales ending to denote order; N.L. fem. pl. n. Nitrosopumilales the Ca. Nitrosopumilus order. .................................................................................. Mesophilic to moderately thermophilic, neutrophilic, motile or nonmotile, slender rods, or irregular cocci. Obligately aerobic ammonia-oxidizing archaea; many members, but not all, are capable of using urea as substrate. Autotrophic, using a modified version of 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate pathway for CO2 fixation, although some organic material may be needed to support growth. Cells are free living or symbiotic. Outer cell wall structure is composed of a hexagonally arrayed single S-layer. Cell membrane is composed of glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether lipids, including large amounts of crenarchaeol. Cells are light-sensitive. Organisms are widely distributed in marine, terrestrial, and geothermal environments. Ca. Nitrosopumilales can be phylogenetically differentiated from other orders within the phylum Thaumarchaeota, by comparison of the 16S rRNA and amoA (encoding the α-subunit of ammonia monooxygenase) sequences. Unlike Ca. Nitrosopumilales, no rod-shaped cell forms have so far been observed among the members of the orders Nitrososphaerales and Ca. Nitrosocaldales. Cultivated representatives of this order are neutrophilic. In contrast, most members of the order Ca. Nitrosotaleales are acidophilic.

The order contains two families, Ca. Nitrosopumilaceae and Ca. Nitrosotenuaceae. Slender rods or irregular cocci. Obligately aerobic. Lithoautotrophic archaea that oxidize ammonia to nitrite, although some organic material may be needed to support growth. Mesophilic to moderately thermophilic. Neutrophilic. Free-living or symbiotic. Cell membranes contain glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether lipids with crenarchaeol as one of the major components. Saturated and monounsaturated menaquinones with six isoprenoid units are present. Found in a variety of habitats, including terrestrial, marine, and geothermal environments. Analysis of 16S rRNA and amoA (encoding the α-subunit of ammonia monooxygenase) sequences revealed that the members of the order Nitrosopumilales form a monophyletic lineage, affiliated with group I.1a Thaumarchaeota. Most members of Ca. Nitrosopumilales are rod-shaped, which are phylogenetically and morphologically distinct from other coccoid-shaped ammonia-oxidizing archaea affiliated with the orders Nitrososphaerales and Ca. Nitrosocaldales. This order differs from the closest order Ca. Nitrosotaleales by their inability to grow under acidophilic condition. The order comprises the candidatus families Nitrosopumilaceae and Nitrosotenuaceae. Type genus: Ca. Nitrosopumilus Könneke, Bernhard, de la Torre, Walker, Waterbury, and Stahl 2005, 545.

...................................................................................................................................................................................................... Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria, Online © 2015 Bergey’s Manual Trust. This article is © 2016 Bergey’s Manual Trust. DOI: 10.1002/9781118960608.obm00122. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., in association with Bergey’s Manual Trust.

Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria

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Reference

autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing marine archaeon. Nature 437: 543–546.

Könneke M, Bernhard AE, de la Torre JR, Walker CB, Waterbury JB & Stahl DA (2005) Isolation of an

...................................................................................................................................................................................................... This article is © 2016 Bergey’s Manual Trust. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., in association with Bergey’s Manual Trust.