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Thirty-two cats (47%) were male and 36 (53%) were female. The majority of cats (88.2%) were mixed breed. Other breeds included Siamese. (5.9%), Persian ...
55–60_AAFP abstracts.qxp_FAB 28/11/2017 09:43 Page 55

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery (2018) 20, 55–60

CONGRESS abstracts

Clinical/research abstracts accepted for presentation at AAFP Conference 2017 CLINICAL PROFILE OF CATS WITH LYMPHOMA IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH FELINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS INFECTION

AAFP Conference poster session A total of seven clinical/ research abstracts were accepted for presentation at the poster session held during the 2017 AAFP Conference in Denver, USA, 19–22 October.

Fernanda VA da Costa1, Silvana B Vidor2, Gabriela C Schaefer2, Naila CB Duda2, Rochana Fett2, Elissandra da Silveira2 1 Department of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil 2 Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Email: [email protected] Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the clinical profile of cats with lymphoma admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Rio Grande do Sul Federal University, in southern Brazil. Summary of background/objectives, methods, results and conclusions: There are few data about lymphoma in cats in Brazil and the objective of the study was to investigate if this type of neoplasia still has a strong association with leukemia virus infection, since retrovirus-positive cats are very commonly found in this country. This retrospective study included 68 cats diagnosed with lymphoma between 2013 and 2016. Data were collected from the cats’ medical history and laboratory findings. Descriptive statistics included age, gender, breed, anatomic classification, lymphoma diagnostic method, and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) status, using Microsoft Excel version 2016. The mean age was 5.5 years (range 0.7–15). Twentysix patients (38%) were less than 3 years of age, 17 (25%) were between 3 and 7 years of age and 25 (37%) were 7 years or older. Thirty-two cats (47%) were male and 36 (53%) were female. The majority of cats (88.2%) were mixed breed. Other breeds included Siamese (5.9%), Persian (2.9%) and Turkish Angora (1.5%). The diagnosis was made by cytologic examination in 52 (77%) cases, histopathologic examination in 14 (20%) cases and both examinations in two (3%) cases. The most common lymphoma anatomic classification was mediastinal (54%), followed by multicentric (18%), extranodal (15%) and alimentary (13%). Rapid

doi: 10.1177/1098612X17746573 © The Author(s) 2018

immunoassay tests (SNAP FIV/FeLV Combo Test; IDEXX Laboratories) revealed that 36 cats (53%) were FeLV positive and 17 (25%) were FeLV negative, and 15 (22%) were not tested. Of those tested, only four (5.8%) were FIV positive. Regarding the 37 cats with mediastinal lymphoma, 28 were FeLV positive. Only one cat with alimentary lymphoma and three with multicentric lymphoma were FeLV positive. One FIV-positive cat had the mediastinal form, another had alimentary and the two other FIV-positive cats had multicentric lymphoma. The higher frequency of mediastinal lymphoma could be explained by the high prevalence of FeLVpositive cats in Brazil’s population. One possible explanation is that this study was conducted at a veterinary teaching hospital in Brazil, where the majority of cats have low-income owners who do not vaccinate their cats routinely. If all cats in the study were tested, the prevalence of FeLV and mediastinal lymphoma would probably be even higher, approaching the 70% referred to in the literature. ASSESSMENT OF EXPOSURE TO TOPICAL DRUG RESIDUES FROM PETTING FOLLOWING REPEATED APPLICATION OF A NOVEL MIRTAZAPINE TRANSDERMAL OINTMENT IN CATS Valentine Williams1, Jessica Quimby1,2, Melinda Poole1, Jessica Lee1 1 Kindred Biosciences, Burlingame, CA, USA 2 The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA Email: [email protected] Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of mirtazapine residues dislodged by petting treated cats following repeated daily application of a novel mirtazapine transdermal ointment. Summary of background/objectives, methods, results and conclusions: The degree of possible drug exposure to owners as a result of petting their cats following application of mirtazapine transdermal ointment is unknown. This was a single group, unmasked, multi-dose study. Eight female domestic shorthair cats received a daily dose of 2 mg mirtazapine transdermal ointment (0.1 ml ointment; 2% mirtazapine) applied to the inner right ear pinna for 14 consecutive days. On day 14,

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petting strokes of the ear and body were performed with a gloved mannequin hand pre-dose, and 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 96 h post-last dose. The operator manipulated the mannequin hand to mimic normal petting actions. For each ear petting procedure, the sampler stroked the inner surface of the pinna of the right ear with the mannequin index finger using uniform medium pressure running from the base to the apex of the ear for 20 strokes. For each body petting procedure, the sampler stroked the body surfaces with the palmar surface of the mannequin hand with uniform medium pressure running with the lay of the cat haircoat for 20 strokes, including each side along the ribcage and along the back from the base of the head/neck to the tail. Mirtazapine residues on the gloves were assayed using a validated high performance liquid chromatography and dual mass spectrometry method. The percent dislodgeable residue (PDR), defined as the percent of the daily applied dose of the drug removed (ie, dislodged) from the cat upon petting, was determined for each sample and averaged for each sampling time point. PDR at each time point is illustrated in Figure 1 and the mean mirtazapine PDR vs sampling time is shown in the Table.

Figure 1 Mean mirtazapine percent dislodgeable residue (%) vs sampling time: hours 0–12

Mean mirtazapine PDR (%) vs sampling time Time after Ear petting PDR (%) Body petting PDR (%) last dose Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Pre-dose

0

0

0.5 h

19.95 ± 10.64

0.51 ± 0.31

1h

2.37 ± 1.90

0.12 ± 0.12

2h

1.24 ± 0.85

0.29 ± 0.16

4h

0.50 ± 0.28

0.16 ± 0.11

8h

0.23 ± 0.16

0.08 ± 0.05

12 h

0.08 ± 0.06

0.05 ± 0.02

24 h

0.04 ± 0.03

0.03 ± 0.01

48 h

0.03 ± 0.04

0.01 ± 0.01

96 h

0

0

PDR = percent dislodgeable residue

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The results of this study demonstrated that for body petting, dislodgeable residues were very low (lower than 1.0%) from 0.5 h after the last administration. Body petting is unlikely to result in significant human drug exposure. For ear petting, the residues were high (around 20%) at 0.5 h after the last administration, then reduced to 1.2% from 2 h after the last administration. CYCLOOXYGENASE 2, VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 2 AND CD31 EXPRESSION IN FELINE MAMMARY CARCINOMAS: EVIDENCE OF AN ANTIPROLIFERATIVE EFFECT OF A CYCLOOXYGENASE INHIBITOR María P Iturriaga1, Carlos M González2, Cristian G Torres3 Laboratory of Health of Ecosystems, Faculty of Ecology and Natural Resources-Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile 2 School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Ecology and Natural Resources-Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile 3 Laboratory of Biomedicine and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences-Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile Email: [email protected] 1

Purpose: The aims of this study were to evaluate expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) and CD31 in feline mammary carcinomas (FMCs) and analyze the effect of meloxicam on FMC cell proliferation. Summary of background/objectives, methods, results and conclusions: FMCs are the third most common neoplasia in domestic cats. Of these, 80–90% are malignant and 25% of patients have metastasis by the time of diagnosis. COX-2 has been linked to tumor progression through the synthesis of prostaglandins involved in cell proliferation, and inhibition of apoptosis and angiogenesis, among other processes. A positive link between COX-2 expression and tumor angiogenesis has been reported; however, the relationship between COX-2 and some molecules associated with angiogenesis in FMCs has not yet been studied. VEGFR2 is upregulated when the tumor has shifted to the angiogenic phenotype, and CD31 detects endothelial cells of the tumor vasculature allowing determination of the intra-tumor microvessel density. Meloxicam is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with preferential activity against COX-2 that has exhibited antiproliferative effects on some types of tumor cells. Since this drug is well tolerated by cats at recommended doses, it is important to evaluate its in vitro effect on mammary tumor cells. Forty-six samples of FMCs and three samples of normal mammary glands were analyzed. Histologic evaluation was performed according to the World Health Organization criteria. Tumor grading was determined according to the Elston and Ellis system and classified as grade I (well differentiated), grade II (moderately differentiated) and grade III (poorly differentiated) carcinomas.

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NECROTIZING BACTERIAL STOMATITIS IN A FELINE IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS- AND FELINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS-POSITIVE CAT Fernanda VA da Costa1, Gabriela C Schaefer2, Veronica M Rolim2, Luciana P Torelly3, David Driemeier4 1 Department of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil 2 Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil 3 Dog Cat Veterinary Clinic, Porto Alegre, Brazil 4 Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Email: [email protected] Purpose: A case of severe necrotizing bacterial stomatitis in a feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)- and feline leukemia virus (FeLV)-positive cat is reported.

Case description: A mixed-breed young female cat was evaluated for anorexia, apathy, inspiratory dyspnea with a stridor and skin lesions. The owner reported that the cat had signs of infectious upper respiratory disease a week previously. On physical examination, the cat presented pale mucous membranes, fever, peripheral lymphadenomegaly, oral necrotic ulcers located on the hard palate (Figure 1) and a necrotizing skin lesion on the tail. Chest radiography was normal and blood work showed marked leukopenia (1200 leukocytes/µl), severe neutropenia (276 neutrophils/µl), anemia (hematocrit 22%) and thrombocytopenia (117,000 platelets/µl). The cat was positive for FIV and FeLV on ELISA (SNAP FIV/FeLV Combo Test; IDEXX Laboratories) and on PCR test.

Figure 1 Oral necrotic ulcers located on the hard palate

The patient was treated with broad spectrum antibiotics, pain management, dipyrone, filgrastim and general supportive care and nutrition, but did not respond well to treatment. After a week, the owner opted for euthanasia and the cat was sent for necropsy examination. The oral fragment collected was immediately fixed in buffered saline 10%, routinely processed for histology, paraffin-embedded, cut to 3.0 μm sections and stained using hematoxylin and eosin. Tissue sections were submitted to immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis for Mouse anti-Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (p24 gag) for 40 mins/100°C; 0.01 M citrate buffer pH 6.0, diluted 1:100, LSAB-AP (Dako) was used as a secondary antibody and Permanent Red (Dako) as a chromogen. The hard palate exhibited intense ulceration, as well as tonsil necrosis (Figure 2). On histologic examination, the lesional area was characterized by intense necrosis of the mucosa and submucosa, with abundant deposits of bacterial colonies on the surface. Immunohistochemical evaluation of these lesions was performed and intense immunostaining

2017

Expression of COX-2 and VEGFR-2 in tumor cells and CD31 in endothelial cells were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. 𝛘2 and Fisher tests were used to determine statistical associations between histologic grades and biomarkers analyzed at P