Nov 7, 1986 ... The ah-64 Apache is here to give America all the muscle it needs by early 1990,
... A comprehensive Operations Manual and key board overlay ...
The Evolution Of Program Design
'5 COMPUTED
$3.00 November 1986 ,g © Issue 41, Vol. 4, No. 4, No. 11 02220
$4.25 Canada
==
FOR COMMODORE PERSONAL COMPUTER USERS Power BASIC: 128 Instant
Keywords
Save time and typing effort with this Commodore 128 program that lets you enter keywords—each up to 52 keywords-each with w ith an easy-to-remember, easy-to-remember, combination. two-key combination.
An Introduction
To Compilers
Find out how these powerful utilities can make your BASIC programs run at nearly the A speed of machine language. A beginner's guide to available compilers for the Commodore 128 and 64.
Also In This Issue:
64 Multitasker ~
~
",'
*^W jkiV
~~ ~'~"-1+t''''1
~~~~}v j0^' 9 ~'~,~. -. ~6 IIIr~ \..."c:- 'I'l
1526 Underliner 1526 Horizons: Elegant Programming
And More And
Turbo Format
Your 1541 disk drive will welcome this powerful utility that formats a disk in secondsless than ten seconds— and eliminates head knocking. For the 64. knocking.
FI LL-UP TODAV,5IR?
Bump-N-Run
It's It's aa head-to-head head-to-head confrontation in in this this fast, fast,
,
two-player action action game foe fm
• the Commodore Commodore 64. 1 1
Fill-64
Create fast, fast, animated sequences on your 64's Create I486
2220
hi-res screen with this exciting exciting package.
\
(No (NoI.D. I. D.required requ ired for for half-elves.) h"lf-e lves.)
When When the the Going Going Gets Gets Tough, Tough, the Bard Bard Goes Goes Drinking* Drinking. TI nel the the going going isis tough to ugh Hnd
are nre magic, magic, the the Bard Bard isis ready ready to to boogie. boogie .All A ll he he needs need s isis aa hand b;md of o f loyal loynl followers: foll owers:
r I. inin Skara Skara Brae Brae town. town .
The evil evil wizard wizard Mangar Mangar The has cast cast an an eternal etcrnnl winter winter has spell. Monsters Monsters control control spell.
aa light-fingered lig!H-fingcrcd rogue rog ue to to find fi nd secret secre t doors, doors. a~l couple couple of of fighters fighters to ( 0 bash bash heads, hcads. aa con conjurer jurer to to create create weird weird allies, allies, aa magician magician for for
the streets streets and a nd dun dun· the
geons beneath. bcncmh.Good Good geons citizens fear fear for fo r their their citizens lives. What's What's worse, worse , lives.
magic magic armor. armor.
there's only only one o ne tavern tavern there's left that that serves serves wine wine. left
Then Then it's it's off off to to com combat, bat. as ns soon soon as as the the Bard Bard
But the the Bard Bard know knows But
finishes fini shes one o ne more mo rc verse. versc.
no fear. (cil r. With With his his trusty truSty no
Now Now what's what's aa word word that that ' rhymes with "dead rhyml.!s with "dead ogre?' ogrl.!!"
harp and and aa few few rowdy rowd y harp minstre l songa songs he he claims claims minstrel
aau
1. ■
.
1 §}>.-t»
1
, I'^HlI 1 -' II'
1 i Iron
r CMntTi*
128 color color monsters. monsters, ma many 128 ny animated.. All All challenging. challenging. animated
44 classes classes of of magic magic user, user, including including wizard and sorccror. wizard and sorceror. 85 85 new new mngic magic spells spells in in all. all.
Bath's £
19
Vint
fk 1
i k»y tn
;
It Hill f
:? 0
1
1
Ul J
Full-color scrol scrolling dungeons. Full-color ling dungeons. 16 levels, each each beller better tha than the 16\cvcls. n the one before. before. )-0 3-D city. city, 100. too. one
The Bard's Bards Tale"' Tale from from
ELECTRONIC ARTS' ELE CTRO N IC ART S"
(I""
w(lr,!, dWa, HK RAM RAM",,,,,,nu,,,. mi.^m.m;Cllh;.,, Wltwdn Inrn cartridge. cartridge. Simply Simply Hands" ribbon plug it in in and you're you're ready to to go. go. plug the printer printer of your your dreams dreams Meet the your OKIDATA retailer now. now. For For at your
the name name of of the the OKIDATA OKIDATA retailer the you, call can 1-800-OKIDATA. J-800-0KIDATA. nearest you.
The OKIDATA OKIOATA 120. 120. To To you, you. it's it's aa The great printer. primer. To To your your Commodore, Commodore. great irs Mr. Mr. Write. Write. it's
an OKI AMERICA company
We We put put business busi ness on on paper. paper. OKinATA n,i rendered rr.idem.iriiolCVtArniTic.1 Inc OKIDATA. M^rc|ucdppos« deCki Amend Inc Commodore ftj m a r Commodore I2fl i> .* ir-.ilr-m;irk uf Commodore Electronics Ltd
trademark ot Commodore Llet Ironies Lid
--@~g~UUg------------@@ITU'lt@ITU'lt@ November 1986 Vol. 4, No. 11 November 1986
features features
Vol. 4, No. 11
The Evolution Evolution of of Program Program Design Design Selby Selby Bateman 8 areman ....•• •.•. . ... . ...•...•.. . The An Introduction Introduction to to Compilers Compilers Todd Todd Heimarck Heimarck ....... ....... . ... . ... •. • .•.. . An
22 22
*•
V/Z8wrlte Classic Classic 12B 128 Scott Scott Thomas Thomss ........ .. .... .. ............. • ... • ....... Vlzawrite NIne Princes Princes In In Amber Amber Neil Neil Randall Randall ........ . . ............. .. ...... . ... • ...... Nine The Music Music System System and and The The Advanced Advanced Music Music System System Art Art Hunktns Hunkins . ................. The Superbase 128 128 Ervin Ervin Bobo Baba ............ . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . • . . . . .. Superbase
58 58 60 60 62 62
128 128 64 64 64 64
44 ♦* 46 46 50 50
64 64 128 12S 64/ + 4/16 64/+4/16
36 36 72
128/64/ + 4/16/V 128/64/+4/16/V 128/64
. reviews
30 30
64 64
*•
128 128
games
games
Bump-N-Run Tim Tim J. J. Mldklft MIdkiff . . . . . . . • • . . • . . . . . . . . . • . . . • . . • • • . . • • . . . • . . . • . . . . .. Bump-N-Run Obstacle 12B 128 Stephen Sfephen Cheng Cheng ...... • ........•... • ...•.... • .. • •...•...•.... . Obstacle Match Blox Blox Mark Mark Tuttle Tuttle . . . . . . . . . . • • . . . . • . . . . . . . • . . . • . . . . • . . • • . . . • . . . . . . . . . . Match
programming
BASIC for for Beginners: Beginners! The The PRINT PRINT Statement Statement Larry Larry Cotton Cotton ..... ......... ... ....... BASIC Machine Language Language for for Beginners: Beginners: A A Practical Practical Program Richard Richard Mansfield Mansfield .... . .... . Machine Fill-54 Hubert Fill-64 Hubert Cross Cross . . ..................... .. ............................. Power BASIC: 128 128 Instant Instant Keywords Shawn K. Smith Power Shawn K. Smith ..................... .. .... BASIC Examiner Rick KephBrt BASIC Examiner Rick Kephart ........................... _ ... _ . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Mastering Mastering 128 128 Sound Sound and and Music, Music, Part Part 2 2 D. D. C. Holmes Holmes .....•• • ..• •.. •. .. •. .. .... 64. hard F. and Sally J. Daley ..................... . ...•......... 64. Multitasker Ric Richard and Sally 1526 1526 Underliner Underliner Georg Georg Zimmer Zimmer ....... .... :: . .......... .• • • •. •• •. . . . . .... .... Polar Art Jim orah Chambers Polar Art Jim and and Deb Deborah Chambers ................. • .......... ..•...•.. ... Draw Draw 128 128 Mike Mike Cortese Cortese .........................•. . .•... •. .. • .. .. . ... •.... . Turbo Turbo Format Format Ross floss Ouwlnga Ouwinga ........ . .. • .. .. . ... • ... • ....•. .• ....•... . ....
98 90 99 " 100 1°°
64 64 128 128 64 128 64 64 64 128/64/+4/16 128/64/+4/16 128 128 64 64
66 10 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106
•* •* •* •* •* •* •*
How 107 How to to Type Type In In COMPUTEl's COMPUTEI's Gazette Gazette Programs Programs 107 The The Automatic Automatic Proofreader Proofreader ................ . ... .......•. . ... ..•...... , . .. .. 108 108 MLX MLX ..................... . ............. .. ... • . • . • .. . • _ •. .• • . .•• .. ••.... 109 109
•*
128/64/H/16/V 128/64/+4/16/V 64 64
Advertiser's Advertiser's Index Index ........ ..... .•... • ... •.... • ... • ...•... • ... • ....•....... 144 144
•*
departments
The The Editor's Editor's Notes Notes Robert Robert C. C. Lock Lock ................. " ...... ..... . . . ... . .... . itors and Gazette Feedback Ed Editors and Readers Readers ............................•..• • ..... Simple Answers to Common Questions Tom R. Halfhill . . . . . . . .... . .... • . . . • .. .. Computing Computing for for Families: Families: Something Something Fun Fun for for Teachers Teachers Fred Fred O'/gnazio D'lgnazio .... • .. . •. . .. Horizons: Horizons: Elegant Elegant Programming Programming Todd Todd Heimarck Heimarck .... . . . . . . ........... . • . . . • .. .. User User Group Group Update Update . . . ........ ................................... • ... • .... News News & & Products Products . ... ....... ....... .. .... .. .. .. ... . .... , ... . . . . . . .. . . ....
76 76 82 82 84 84 90
94 96 96
program listings
-•--General. General. VV=VIC-20. - ViC-ZO o64 - Commodore 64, 4 - Plus/4, i6 - Commodore 16, - Commodore 128 64=Commodore 64. ++4=Pius/4, 1S=Commodore 16, 128 12a=Commodore 126 COM/W£'"*G'AZETTElll"'bliohed GAZETTE published mon,hly momhiy1»' byCOM"",,' TOHPUTII .... Publications. Inc., A25 7,h 7thA'·. Avenue, NewYod,. York, NY NY 100 10019 USA. rhon., Photic1 Cl (212) 265-8360. E~i lidilurial o/ficts.art located 1t at)24 324 CO.\II'r.JTE'; blk~ti ...... Inc .. '25 n.... New 19 USA. U J 265·8360. !ON1 olneft .. 1on«. !A SOl' 50310. Sclond d.ut classappliution application ~"" pendmiaiGrecniboro. NC ~7 2740) ind ad(I;tloru.l additional .... mailing ollim En';'" Entire............ tiwipnt!coprri&h' copyri^il Cl 'O19B6 bv COMNTtl COMPUTE! .... Publications. Ire AU All Mol ...... IA O. S«ond a' Crttntl>oro. NC 'Ol and i!in&ofrlCO$ 1986 by blic.non.. I.... ri~" ~. ISSN 7Ib. rights ........ reserved, tSSN 0711·1 0737-3716. ~ .. 0". ~' AHC nln: AHC bll, hln! . 1'1 .. ld.n~ Rob1'8"'.'" Magaiinps, In Int.. Oneaf ofI Inp ABCrubll.hlll5 1'ubllshlnRCamp, Cornpjnlcs: AHC I'u 1'ublijhinn, President, Itobrrl C. C. Hu.lon; Butlon; lllO 133U "AvmUBdl Ihc Amttic.1: ..... y"" .. New 19. America*; N New Vorlt. Nnv YOI~ York 100 10019.
aI ,".
Just in case case you're not aa regular Just of the financial financial news, we're reader of happy to relate that Commodore Internationall Presid President Thomas e nt Thomas Internationa for Rattigan announced a net profit for Commodore Com modore in the fourth quarter ending in June 1986. Commodore ending net sales for for the quarter quarter were up 58 58 net from the comparable quarquar percent from Concurrently, Com rrently, Comter a year ago. Concu Gould modore Chairman Irving Gou ld pointed out that this net gain fol lowed six consecutive quarters of losses. Rattigan also noted that the for the Amiga June quarter sales lor were the best since the computer's launch. re This is one set of quarterly reports that many have been anxiousanxious ly awaiting. awaiting. Commodore Commodore has has been been ly battered same me weaknesses battered by by the the sa that in that have have plagued plagued the rest rest of the the industry, as as well as by by Amiga Amiga sales sales that have antici have been lower than anticipated. pated. Conversely, Commodore 64 sales, sa les, and and now now 64C 64C sales, s ales , have have been consistently been cons iste ntl y strong. strong. Amiga Amiga sales, sales, especially especially with with the the advent advent of international international marketing, marketing, are are show showing ing continued continued improvement. improvement. Com Commodore modore has has traditionally traditionally been been quite quite strong in European European markets, markets, and and strong in has, in the the past, past, been been criticized criticized for for has, in pushing pushing products products in in Europe Eu rope vigor vigorously ously while while soft soft selling selling their their intro introduction in the the U.S. U.S. With With Amiga, Amiga, duction in Commodore apparently reversed reversed Commodore apparently the the emphasis, emphasis, and and therefore therefore only only now 10 draw draw on on its its now isis able able to to begin begin to reputation in Europe Europe after after reputation and and sales sales in aa slower slower than than desired desired U.S. U.S. launch. launch. We We continue continue to to hope h ope that thai Commodore Commodore will will retarget retarget the t he Amiga, Amiga , or or perhaps perhap s an an AmigaAmiga equivalent at price price points points equivalent machine, machine, at more with the the more system-competitive system-competitive with ST. ST. Perhaps Perhaps the the newly newly introduced introduced Apple lies will will assist assisl the the Amiga, Amiga, al alApple IlGS beit in aa convoluted convolu ted way, way, by by in inbeit in creasing creasing interest intere st in in the th e market market while while helping helping highlight highlight the the signifi significance cance of ofmany many of ofthe theAmiga Amiga features. features. We We digress. digress. For For now, now, aa profit profitable significant. Let's Let's go go able quarter quarter isis significant. for for back-to-back. back-to-back. 6
COMPUTERS Gazette
November 1986
lLooking ooking Ahead We're looking fonvard forward to another good year for for the GAZETIE GAZETTE.. As rere flected in responses from from you, our flected readers, we think we're providing the best coverage coverage available available for Commodore computers in each isis sue; 1987 will be no exception. We ha ve already schedu led have scheduled seve ral outstanding programsseveral programs— utilities, games, and educat ion al educational programs. You'll also see some exex cellent articles in our features secsec tion-hands-on tion—-hands-on tutorials that meet the needs of both beginning and advanced users and programmers. In an upcoming issue, we'll also have an exciting report on new tech nologies, sshowing howing the slow, technologies, but increasing merger of audio and video technologies with personal computers, much of this currently or soon available for eight-bit Com Commachines. modore machines. In addition, addition, you'll find first firstIn the winter winte r and hand reports on the s ummer Consumer Consumer Electronics Electroni cs summer Shows (CES), which which promise promise to to Shows bring forth aa host of new software bring and hardware hardware products products for for the the and Commodore machines. machines. There There will will Commodore be articles articles on on the the latest latest com com· also be also puter printers printers and and how how to to use use them, them, puter in updates on on new new developments developments in updates telecommun ications, more more infor infortelecommunications, on the the graphics graphics and and sound sound mation on mation capabilities of of the the 64 64 and 128, 128, and capabilities much, much much more. more. much, comp uters as as versatile versatile With computers With and as the the 64 64 and and the the 128, 128, and popular popular as there 's certainly certa inly no no shortage shorta ge of of there's first-rate first-rate information information and and programs programs to be be shared shared with with our our readers. readers. to
A Remarkable Remarkable Success Success Story Story A
The continuing continuing popularity popularity of of the the The 64-as shown show n most most Commodore 64—as Commodore recently in in healthy healthy sales sa les of of the the 64C 64C recently remarkable success success computer-is aa remarkable computer—is story that's now now approaching approach ing its it s story that's
annive rsary. Introduced Introduced in in fifth anniversary. fifth 1982, the the Commodore Commodore 64 64 January 1982, January offered aa combination combination of of graphics, graphics, offered sound, and and computing computing power power that that sound, remarkable when when first first an an was remarkable was
nounced. Almost five five years later, later, thousands of Commodore 64 64 ownown ers are still still finding finding new ways to use this versatile machine. What's What's more, more, software software compacompa nies both big and small small have made commitments to continue produc· produc ing Commodore 64 64 software for at least the next couple of years. Not only are these companies finding lled base of 64 and 128 that the insta installed users is just too big and active to igig nore, but their own programmers and software deSigners designers are now coming out with some of the best best 64 software ever produced. produced. After spend ing more than four years spending learning the ins and outs of the pro· Commodore 64 system, these pro grammers are working wonders that couldn't have.been have. been imagined was first introduced. introduced. when the the 64 was when Couple that situation situation with with the the Couple fact that that the the Commodore 128 128 has has fact turned out to be even more successfu l than than Commodore Commodore officials officia ls ful would be, be, and and you've you've got got thought itit would thought aa terrific environment in which the GAZETTE and its readers can operate. operate. One of of the the pleasures pleasures of of pub pubOne CAZETTE each each month month is is lishing the the GAZETTE lishing that we're we're constantly consta ntly hearing hearing from from that 64 and and 128 128 own ownboth experienced experienced 64 both ers-some who've who've read read the the GA GA ers—some ZETTE from from its its first first issue—as issue-as well well ZETTE brand-new 64, 64, 64C, 64C, and and 128 128 as brand-new as As always, the CAZETTE owners. owners. As always, the GAZETTE and its its variety variety of of readers readers create create aa and synergistic effect effect that that helps helps to to keep keep synergistic the Commodore Commodore enthusiasm enthusiasm alive alive the and well. well. and us-1987 should should be be Stay with with us—1987 Stay an exciting exciting year. year. an
f~~ Robert C. C. Lock Lock Robert
Editor in in Chief Ch ief Editor Elko with Lance Lance Elko with and Selby Selby Bateman Bateman and
SUPER SUNDAY—PLAY THE GREATEST SUPER BOWL TEAMS OF ALL TIME. Expansion season disks available
GUDERIAN-Sirmilation ot the German campaign in Russia, re-crealing the 1941 attack on Smolensk. For Apple II series, 064(128 and Atari 8-bit. $30
separately—Apple' II series, IBM1"PC £ compatibles (color graphics board required) and
Commodore-64/128-
|BW
;.\J.
$35
1£
SPITFIRE MO—WWII (light game and simulator. Available for
Commodore 64/128.
$35
GULF STRIKE-
winning wargame of modern warfare in the Middle East. Available for Atan1 8-bil, Apple II series, C64/128, IBM PC & compatibles (color graphics board required). $30
O
MACBETH—Text and graphics
adventures, covering four different parts ot Shakespeare's
play. For Commodore 64/128. $25
Straighten Up and Fly Right!
MISSION ON THUNDERHEAD— An intergalactic scavenger hunt—an arcade adventure. Available (or Apple II series,
Atari 8-bit and C64/128.
$25
Whether you're in the cockpit of our super realistic SPITFIRE '40, matching wits with three witches in MACBETH or going for the long bomb in SUPER SUNDAY, The Avalon Hill Game Company has the games to take you and your p.c. to new heights. Available at leading game and computer stores everywhere ... or call for ordering information: TOLL FREE 1-800-638-9292. Ask for Operator CG.
\m
microcomputer games division
The Avalon Hill Game Company A MONARCH AVALON, INC. COMPANY
4517 Harford Road, Baltimore, MD 21214
COMPUTE! PublicationsJncg 22~~ TJ=LEublications,lnc .• O-« t* meSSC ftOWwig Coinoonei
Publisher James James A. A. Casella Casella Publisher Founder/Editor In in Chi. Chief Robert C. C. Lock Lock Founder/Editor ' Robert Senior Editor Editor Richard Richard Mansfield Mansfield Senior Managing Editor Editor Kathleen Kathleen Martinek Martinek Managing Executive Editor Editor Selby Selby Bateman Bateman Ex.cullve Editor Lance Lance Elko Elko Editor Assistant Editor Rhett Rhett Anderson Anderson A ••istant Editor Director Tony Roberts :PProduction Cnod c:"u"c"t:'o:n:cD : ':.. ::c:to:'CCT:o:n~YCR:o:b:," ,:t'c-_________________
,
Editors Edltol'W Tom R. R. Halfhill, Halfhill, Editor, Editor, COM COMPUTED Atari 5T ST Disk Disk &: & Tom PUTErs Alari Stephen Levy, Levy, Editor, Editor, COMPUTE! COMPUTE! Books Books Division; Division; Magazine; Stephen Ottis Ottis R. Cowper, Cowper, T~hnical Technical Editor Assistant Editors . .s lstant Editors Gregg Keizer, Ann Ann Davies Da vies (Books); (Books); George George Miller, Dale Gregg McBane, (Technical); (Technical); Philip Philip Nelson Nelson (COMPUTE! (COMPUTE! Magazine); Magazine); McBane, (COMPUTED At.ui Atari ST Disk &; & Magazine); Todd Heimarck, (COMPUTErs Yakal, Assistant Features Editor; Tammie Taylor, Taylor, Karen Kathy Yakal. Uhlendorf, Copy Copy Editors; Editors; Mark Mark Tuttle, Tuttle, Submissions Submissions Reviewer Reviewer Uhlendorf, Editorial Programme,.. Programmers Editorial Palrick Parrish Parrish (Supervisor), (Supervisor), Tim Tim Victor, Victor, Tim Tim Midkiff Midkiff Patrick Programming As.ls Assistants Programming tants David Florance, Florance, David David Hensley, Hensley, Troy Troy Tucker Tucker David Administrative S Staff Administrative taff Fleming, Iris Brooks, Nash; Julia Fleming. Executive Assistant, Debi Nash; Hum, Sybil Agee ..Mary M~'~'y~H~":n~',~'~y~b;:' ~A~'~":.-. Proctuctlon Production lrma Irma Swain, Production Manager; Janice Fary, Fary, Art & Design Editor, Art & Design; De Poller, Potter, Director; Lee Noel, Assistant Editor, Mechanical Art Supervisor; Terry Cash, Carole Dunton, Typesetting Typesetting Artists Artists Dabney Dabney Ketrow Ketrow (Publications); (Publications); Harry Harry Blair, Blair, Illustrator Jliustrator
Sales , Jul •• E. Sales Office. Offices, Jules E. Thompson, Thompson, Inc. Inc. 1290 1290 Howard Howard Avenue Avenue Suite Suite 303 303 Burlingame. Burlingame, CA CA 94010 94010
Midwest Midwest T(!)(3S Texas Pacific Pacific Northwest Northwest Northern Northern CA CA Southern Southern CA CA Arizona Arizona New New Mexico Mexico
312-726-6047 312-726-6047 713-731-2605 713-731-2605 415-348-8222 415-348-8222 415-348-8222 415-348-8222 213-378-836 1 213-378-8361 213-378-8361 213-378-8361 213-378-8361 213-378-8361
.\1',\
ill il
e II •• N. Kratd
A,lIlI.,,,. :3:03:,:':':'c"C':':'____________"_"_"_"_'' _'_
Colorado 303-595-9299 C::o:'o:rn:d:0C-__________
COMPUTEI COMPUTE! Publiciltions, Publications, Inc., Inc., publishes publishes COMPf/TS COMPUTElIookI COMPUTll'. COMPUTEI COMPUTEI Books COMPUTEI's
•\.:.: 13
"u
of ClrcnLitton*
(JAZErTf GAZETTE
COMPUTEI't QAZETTE GAZETTE DIM Disk Apple Application Applications COMPUTEI'• Apple • COMPUTEI'i Marl Atari 51 ST DIM" Disk & Mogaz/IHI Magazine COMPUTEI'. Editorial Editorial Office: 321\ 324 West Wendover Ave., Suite 200, Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27408 Corporate Corporate Offices: Offices: 825 825 7th 7th Avenue, Avenue, New New York, York, NY NY 10019 10019 Customer Service: Customer Service: P.O. P.O. Box Box 5038, 5038, F.D,R. F.D.R. Station, Station, New New York, York, NY NY 10150 10150 Telephone: (In NY) 212-887-8525; Telephone: (In NY) 212-887-8525; (In (In U.S.) U.S.) Toll Toll free free 1-800-346-6767 1-800-346-6767 Office Office Hours: Hours: 8:30 8;30 AM AM to to 1\:30 4:30 PM PM Monday-Friday Monday-Friday
Subscription Subscription Orders Orders
_________________________ COMPUTEI'. COMPUTE!':; GAZETTE
Associate Associate Editors Editors )im Jim Butterfield Butterfield (Toronto), Fred Fred D'Ignazio D'ignazio (Alabama)
De. Moines, IA 50340 P.O. Box 10957, Des
TOLL FREE
Subscription Order Line
1-800-247-5470 1-800-247-5470 1-800-532-1272 In IA 1-800-532-1272 COMPUTEl's GAZETTE COMPUTEI's SubSCription Rates Rate. Subscription
(12 Issue I.sue Year): v • • ,): US US (one year) year) $24. 524 . Canada, Mexico Mexko and Foreign 530. Foreign Foreign A'ir Air Mail Mail $65. 565. Surface Mail $30. Surface
Customer Customer Service Service
Diane Diane Longo, Longo, Customer Customer Service Service Manager; Manager; Orchid Orchid Tamayo, Tamayo,
Dealer Dealer Sales Sales Supervisor; Supervisor; Cassandra Cassandra Greene, Greene, Customer Customer Service Service Supervisor Supervisor
Receptionist, Receptionist, Anita Anita Armfield Armfield
Wa rehouse Manager, Manager, John John Williams Williams Warehouse President President James James A. A. Casella Casella Vice Vice President, President, Advertising Adve rtising Richard Rich,lTd J. Marino Marino Director, Director, Finance Finance & & Planning Pla nning Christopher Christopher M. M. Savine Savine
J.
The COMPUTED COMPUTEr. gazette CAZETTE subscriber subscriber list list is is made made available available to to carefully carefully The scr~ned organizations organizations with with aa product product or or service service which which may may be be of of screened to our our readers. readers. If If you you prefer prefer not not to to receive receive such such mailings, mailings, interest to an exact exact copy copy of of your your subscription subscription label label to: to: computed COMPUTEr. please send send an please GAZETTE, P.O. P.O. Box Box 10958, 10958, Des Des Moines, Moines, IA IA 50950. 50950. Include Include aa note note in ingazette, dicating dkating your )'Our preference preference to to receive re4lV3i1(rHfotl c™punvW Mural MrTPi.RkhmoiHl Hill
(....-.: 1110 )l1li . ... ... .Iftnut.juftnndlMiiinidiHl , ..... ... ft ... .... _ ..... - .....01 .... 11.... "'" _ Wit. at, iniirlucEl Maile, )
_ •• _ 1......... 1I...." ••,,..-11 ........... .... 05.",.. .......... """ ........... . ... ,..... ..... _ , . ,... ....... , ,./IIIt.#l..sm 11i.S..., ,., .1. ,11,-1,.,,..
,.l ■! >..
(: ,. ......... ,..-1-."""-"•
.uo!'U:\I.-\Cl'>TUSI . . .. ' ..... .. , ....
n CO>lW>llOU. cO." .\'OOOIIl:
'0 ,B."",,, ....,......... ~~i~~~"''''"''-T.
....\11(',.........
CORI'(IIloI 110!'. CIDI~'Ul IORl
INCLUDED INCLUDED
- COMPUTER ENTERTAINER NEWSLETTER
■• Simplified, Simplified. streamlined strromlined spreadsheet program program
with "What If?" capabilit)' capability for "Whu/If?" for projections projections and and
- COMMODORE MAGAZINE MAGAZINE -COMMODORE
BAlTERlES BATTERIES
CALKJT CALKIT
powerful pou:erful tool that is not not overpowering overpoIL~ring ...the ... the perfect perfect spreadsheet spreadsheet for for the home home user." user. "
IJolOllose management fII(Joagcment IIIode eos)'! Database made easy!
I ,,ll.
maximum maximum document document size size now now expanded to 10 999 999 lines. lines.
for for the the Commodore Commodore 84/128 601/ 128
for Hie the Commodore Commodore 128/G4 128/ 64 for
i
»• Works Ifhrks with with THE TilECONSULTANT CONSULTANT for for the the CI28. e128. ■• NeiB New editing editingfeatures frolllra include include multiple mUltiple columns, columns, reverse reverse video lIideo scroll and and chaptering, chaptering, with with
letler. mailing mailinglist lis/ and (Jnd Persooali:ed form letter, ■• Personalized
. ~ . i.l ■. ii .1 i. ■:!,.
■• Integrated Integrated 38.000-u-ord 38.000·word spelling sptlfing checker checkerto togive giu you JOu error-free error·free documents. documents.
...
~~~I~~"&s 'Il IM1 mAIHINAL H MNE.SS \U('1II"l'-.c, HIM.SISC
estimates. estimates. ■• Built-in templates: Check Book. Built·in application templales: Book.
Budget. Tax, Bud.qel. Installment Payment, Pa)'ment. Income Tur. Balance Sheet. Stock &llance Shf!f't, Stock Portfolio, Portfolio, Materials Estimator, and man)' many more. more. £s/imatar, already set up. up. calwlotions calculations are •■ Formats formats are alfwd), pre-programmed data. pre·progrommed -— all you ),ou need do is enter data. ■ own customized u'Orksheets worksheets to to • Design your )'our Olen solve specialized spt'Cialized problems.
HOMEPAK for the Commodore 64/ 64/128 ror 128 software, "",.. ... inexpensive, powerful, powerful. integrated sof/wore. As such. such, J/amePak HomePak is the winner of In InfoWorld's ,u fo lthrlds AIt'O rd." Best Bu)' Buy Award." MAGAZINE --1NK0W0RLD INfOWORW M~I NE
market. ... one of the finest values on the market. Performance: excellent. Ihlue: Value: excelfenl." excellent." Performance: exceflelll. FAMILY COMPIIJ'ING COMPUTING MAOOINE MAGAZINE -- FAMILV
Three easyeasy-to-use on one disk: disk: Thlee tOouse programs on HOMETERM n:U:COmfUNICATIONS TELECOMMUNICATIONS /. 1I0ME1,/:'RM facility -— log on on to yOllr your •■ Powerful Macro facifit)' favorite blilletin bulletin board or database with one faLwite command. Flexible data hand/hlg handling -— save incoll1in.~ incoming fer/to text to •■ Fle\'ible disk, edil edit it. it, prim print il. it. disk. IIOMETI-XT II' WORD-PROCESSOR 2. 1I0MtTEXT ORIJ.I'ROCESSOR Over 20 20 fu/f.screen full-screen editing and and formatting •« Ot~r & copy. copy, word,u·rop. word-wrap, jllstification. justification, features: move & automatic paging and and man)' many more. more. outamatic HOMEFIND DATABASEMANAGER .1.3. HO. \fEf'lND DATABASE MANAGf.'R Natural English.lan.~uoge English-language data data en entry/retrieval •■ Natural fryl retriel:al system, for simplifitil simplified electronic electronic filing. s)'slem. All ,"ree three lIall1el'ak HomePak programs programs work work to.~ether together so so ilit's Aff ·.~ easy /0 to Ironsfer transfer duta data and and IX,rlorm perform ifllegrall'd integrated tasks. tasks easy
!E 64/12 SYSTEM
Sports Training TrainingAMore Competitive You. You. No malter matter what tfle the sport, we hove have become a a notion nation conscious of performing to win. We spend hours training, practicing, practicing, competing. competing. Bodylink gives you the individual attention of the best proanytime you desire for as long pro—anytime as you wish—and wish- and 01 at no extra cost. The Bodylink System provides instantaneous feedback on the exacl exact manner in which your muscles are performing, enabling you to correct your swing or refine your pitch while still in molion. motion. Bodylink allows a a true fwo-way two-way conversation between you and your body, giving you the winning edge. edge. MUSCLE COORDINATION PACKAGE-SI49.95 PACKAGE—S149.95 This package includes Bodylink. Bodylink, Standard EMG Sensor and lead 1'10 softlNore Lead Set. Set, Head-Band, Head-Band, three electrodes and 1'two software cartridges containing several programs. programs.
Reducing Stress. Stress . A Healthier and More Productive You. You. Medical authorities aulhori~es now consider stress a a major health risk which may result in migraines, migraines, ulcers, bock back pain and heart attacks, attacks. With Bodylink you have within reach reoch a a powerful stress reduction system. Bodylink Bodylink allows you to focus on physical signs of stress such as muscle tension and skin lemperolUre. feedboc~ Bodylink temperature. By using Ihis this feedback, quickly quickly and effectively teaches you to reduce stress for a o healthier and happier life. life. STRESS REDUCTION PACKAGE-S239.95 PACKAGE—S239.95
This package includes Bodylink, Biofeedback EMG Sensor and Lead Sel, Set, Head·Bond, Head-Band, three Electrodes, Electrodes. Biofeedback Temperature Sensor, and two software cartridges containing several programs. programs.
Getting in Shape ....Easier... Easier .. . Shape.. Safer. .. More Effectively Safer... Home exercise now becomes exciting and mare more effective. effective. With With Bodylink you can can be sure you are exercising for maximum benefit. While using the cordia cardio exercise package, Bodylink monitors your heart rate and helps you determine the ideal level you need for aerobic gain. Wi!h With Ihe the muscle developmenl development package. package, Bodylink guides you to do muscle developing exercises correctly and effectively. effectively. Bodylink motivates you 10 to work harder if you are not reaching your target level, or helps you slow down if you are ore working too hard. hard. CARDIO EXERCISE PACKAGE-S209.95 PACKAGE—S209.95
This package includes Bodylink, Standard EMG Sensor and Leod Lead Sel, Set, Leg-Bond, Leg-Band, Pulse Rote Rate Sensor, Sensor, and two software cortridge's cartridge's containing several programs. programs. MUSCLE DEVElOPMENT DEVELOPMENT PACKAGE-S169.95 PACKAGE—$169.95
This package includes Bodylink, COMET, COMET, and two software cartridges containing several programs. programs. BODYUNK BODYLINK Is a a perlplleral peripheral thaI that plugs Inlo Into the me C1lrTl1dge cartridge slol slot of tile the Commodore 28 C1lmpuler. Commodore 6411 64/126 computer. Know/edge Knowledge 01 ot computers 01 or computel computer programming Is is NOT necessary to use BODYLINK. BODYLINK You don't even need need a a disk drive drive 10 to save save your dolo. data. Various sensors are used 10 to record Inlemal tI1em 10 internal signals lrom from your body and relay them to BODYLINK. bodylink. You simply place place Ille the sensor against tile the part 01 ot your body to be be monl· moni tared wotcillhe tored and watch the result on your TV screen. CammodDca .. is .a regiscared oi Com"""",,rwgiJI""" rrademail ".~.'" 01 Com"""""Cammodoce EI""ronIeI Electronics UmlIod Limited ,
DE ALERS. PROGRAMMERS DEALERS, PROGRAMMERS AND USER GROUPS INQUIRIES INQUIRIES WELCOME
!?■■«
.,..:r;(
$
With the BODYUNK "COMET"™ (Computerized Muscle Exerciser and Trainer) attachment, you can build and tone the muscle groups of your stomach, chest, back, legs, and arms. COMET is an electronic muscle builder that is connected to BODYLINK and sends a mes sage to your TV screen when ifs compressed or pulled.
LOOK BETTER!
#*■
FEEL BETTER!
COMPETE BETTER!
■
\W
L" .■■
&
. ij
■
■ -
ia
;.. | 9 I ■ mm
■■>'■■■'
^^■1
■»■
MAlla'OERTO MAIL ORDER TO
additional sensors and software separately. To purchase additionol
BODYLOG, INC. INC. 34 MAPLE AVENUE ARMONK, ARMONK, N.Y. N.Y, 10504
DESCRIPTION DESGRfPTIOM
U NIT UNIT
Muscle Coonllnallan Coordination Package . . .
S149.95 $149.95
.. .. .. COldla Cordlo Exercise Package Package . , , . , ... Stress Sttess Reduction Reduction Pock~lIe Package •.. ... ... .
S169.95 SI 69.95
Muscle O evelopmenl Packoge Development Package ..
SATISFACTION SATISFACTION GUARAIiTEEDI GUARANTEED! IfIt you &lei, SOllslled, you ole are nol not campi completely satisfied, you you may may ralUm »hm the me producl5 product. within *fmin 15 15 days days 101 for 0 a luillelund. full refund. Payment Payment must must accompany accompany older. Ofder.
QUAN
S209.95 S239.95
tolcl ^^. latollollrthCll'4.$f
'*'" 000 "^S™*?"1
Ny ~
--~
.....
~ (8tk>.ot 5"200""" 5.. (\I 9Jo. Snipping(BeU*S200MlJ5t'otfSut>-
PRICE
Call for More Information and our product catalogue -800-233-2911. 914-273-6480 or I1 -800-233-291 1. Make checks checks payable 10 lo Bodylog, Bodylog, Inc. Inc. Make to my (( ) VISA ( ) DISCOVER or (( ) MASTERCARD Charge 'a
N:unc _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Name.
AddrcssL..._ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ Address.
_ _ _ _ Zip Ch y _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. SI:lloc Zip._ _ __ Stale Citv Sign:llu rc Signature.
I I I I
I I I
IcIoI total (o™ S200.lal2 S200 Ma! S" 5% (\I oi SUOIoIoI) Stioioioi]
Expires Expires._ _ _ __
TOTAL ou~ lOW AMOUNT AHIIIinnillf
til ~ pr.ces ona ana lOICt_, spoeiVcoi ons on om SI.OjICI suOisci IO w tlO'lgl"'lI"O.II cd^nge wiinoul IJI P"(iIQ relics N(II Not 'tIIIOIISll)II!tIr resconsiDiofor 'VOOeJOp/llC (yoegraoinc ItIOI1 srrors
«(No!
MItSE.ASOR,I,O(I .. EXlR.lo mESSE« OH «PO ADO ADO 55% EXTRA
CC3 I·U 1-86 eel·
shapes. All tlrree three of tll these require numbers sllapes. ese require When a a sprite-to-character oc Wilen sprile-to-charllcttr collision ocinto memory. An ilIdivjdual individual to be POKEd illto can PEEK 10clliiolr location 53279 curs, you CIlII can hold a a number in the byte of memory call (S001 F) to determine wllich ($D01F) which sprite was inin range 0-255, 0-255. so ill in a a sellse sense you're right. rallge volved in the collision, but there's no ellsy easy tJolved When DATA statements hold numbers W/UII way to figure out wllicll which clraracttr character il it hil. hit. that are going to be POKEd inlo into memory, Illat All you really know is that 11a certllin certain sprite the DATA statements limited to lire stalements must be limittd Irappelled to hil happened hit a a character. You call't can't dede the range 0-255. Iht term ill(' wlricll termine which character was llit hit 1I111ess unless But DATA stalements statements can hold otlrer other and vtrtical vertical lolo Bllt you PEEK the horizontal aud cations (x and y coordilrales) information, 100. too. If the data is coordinates) of lire the sprite, sorts of illformaliol', bowling scores, Ihe the translate IIlem them ilrto into IIle the equivaleut equivalent row names of people or bowlillg trallslale doesn't apply. Negative num then PEEK 0-255 rule doesll't Nega live numand column on the screen, and IIren acceptable in DATA. DATA, as 10llg long as screen memory irr in tJlI~t that vicinity. bers are acceplable screw the lIumbers numbers Ilrerr't aren't btilrg being POKEd to to tire question, To answer your second secolld qlleslion, memory. thtre there are sevtrlll several ways to set up a a hi·res hi-res screen. Th/' The first true where you scree". first is Iru e hi-res, IIi-res, wlure turn all on or off 64,000 picture elements can tum CIIII piclure elemerlts How Much Room Remains On (pixels) arranged iI' plllteTII of 320 pixels in a a pattern Disk? The Disk? down.. 5i"ce Since 11a byte of across X 200 pixels dow" bits, it call can hold I have a program to control a loan busi busi- memory contains eight bils, enough illforllla/ioll information /0 to COlltrol control tighl eight pixels l'I1ouglr as a sequensequen ness. Each account is kept ns on tire the hi-res scrcerr. screen. ThIlS, Thus, 8000 bytes are 011 file. The individual file lengths vary tial file, required to bitmap 11a standard stall dllrd hi-res some from account to account, and it's somescreen. times necessary to ascertain how much screen. space is available on the disk. It It would Co lor melllory Color memory is also importallt. important. screen, 1000 not do to suddenly run out of space. When you set sel up aa hi-res screell, sub are set aside for color memory. Each Could you provide a BASIC subbytes lire Eaelr jn hi-res color memory routine that would allow me to read at memory location in on a controls tile foregrllulld and background any time the number of blocks free fteeon the foreground an 8·pixel 8-pixel X 8-pixel section disk? colors for all steliOll of Ralph Greenhalgh the screen. each 8 8X8 th/' scr/'ell. Within eaclr X 8 section, sectiou, only two (not cou count Iwo colors ("01 nlThe Tile following fol/awirrg program does what wlral you're you'r/' you're allowed olily ing sprites spritts thaI that mighl might be moving arOUlld). around). looking for: seclion is independent of the otlrBut each section oth ZSaCHRS(0) EE 10 10 Z$-CHR$(0) er sections. secliolls. So, for for example, you could KC 20 DEFFNA(X)=ASC(AS+ZS)+256 DEFFNA(X) -ASC(A$+Z$)+256 *(ASC(BS+ZS))) "(ASC(B$+ZS) have an 88 X 8 chunk of the the screen with aa KC 25 PRINT"CHECKING PRINTMCHECKING DISK, PLE PLE and white to blue background alld wlrite pixels next /lexl lo M ASE WAIT" WAIT a with 11 section seclion that has aa red background wit/r RC 30 30 OPEN1,8,0,"S0" OPENl,B,0, "S0" 8 X 8 area can eOlrtairr gray pixels. Each 8X8 contain BE 40 GET#1,AS,B5 BE 40 GET'I,AS,BS indeonly two colors, but the colors are inde HQ 50 GET'I,A$,B$IIF GET#1,AS,BS:IF FNA(X)=0 HB 50 FNA(X)-0 {SPACEJTHEN 90 pendent pendent of colors that Ihat might mig/rl appear in ill tSPACEJTHEN 90 BJ GET#1,CS,DS BJ 60 60 GET'l.CS,D$ olher 8X8 8 X 8 areas. other BE GET#1,ES:IF BE 70 70 GET'I , ESIIF ASC(ES+ZS) ASC(E$+Z$) T T Another bit Allother method to set up aa bitHEN HEN 70 70 mllpped screen screell is to 10 use mullicolor mapped multicolor hi-res. DG 80 GOT050 GOTO50 you choose to to use multicolor I1l11 lticolor mode If you SJ 90 AS=CS:BS-DS:F AS-C$IB$ -D$ IF = . FNA(X):C FNAIX):C (w lrich could be called medium-res), mediulll-res), you LOS El (which LOSEl XS 100 100 PRINT F, F , "BLOCKS "BLOCKS FREE FREE 0 trade half resolution in Irlllf the Ihe horizontal horizolltal resolutiOlr ill re reN N THE TilE DISK" OISK" turn tUTII for for two Iwo additional additiolral colors. Instead Irrstead of of tile screen screerr has hilS 160 doubleAfter AfttT the the routine routille is finished, fillis/red, the 320 X 200, the pixels X 200 lines. lillts. Each Eadr pixel pixel re renumber of of blocks free fret will will be in in the vari vari- width pixels ~O, 01,10, 01, 10, or 11) II) to to quires two bits (binary 00, able Ilble FF (see line 90). Ihe color. Color memory still con COIIdefine the trols trois an all 88 X 88 section sectiOll of of the tire screen, but bul Sprite Sprite Collisions Collisions And And Hi-Res Hi-Res Ihe pixels pixels are twice Iwice as liS wide, so so you really the Graphics Irav/' only only a4X a 4 X 88 area area to 10 work work in. ill. The Tire 32 have Graphics pixels can call contain contain one one of of four four different differellt II have two two computers, aa VIC VIC and and aa 64. M . pixels colors. Again, Again, the the separate separatt sections sections of of the I've I've been been writing writing machine machine language colors. scree" are independent i"depelldell' of of each other, othtr, al alprograms programs for for both both of them them for about about aa screen though one one of of the the colors is universal. universal. month month now. now. How How can II write write aa program program though Some screens that that seem seem to to be be hi-res hi-res that Some that detects detects collision between between aa certain certain sprite and and aa certain certain background background charac charac- actually actually use use custom cus lom characters. characters. Each Each character can can have have an an individual individual fore foreter ter in in machine machine language? language? Say aa pro pro- character ground color color (based on on the the number lIumber in in gram gram that that checks checks for for collision collision between between ground sprite color memory) memory) in in addition addition to to a11 background background sprite one one and and the the letter letter RR and and aa colli colli- color color shared shared among among all 1111 characters. characters. Multi Mullision sion between between sprite sprite two two and and the the letter letter color A. color A. color characters characters can can have have an all individual illdividual foreground .color plus two two other other common common Another color plus Another question. question. II have have aa game game foreground that colors in in addition addition to to the Ihe background. background. that displays displays 16 16 colors colors in in bitmap bitmap (hi (hi- colors res) Characters can ca ll also also be be displayed displayed in in Characters res) mode. mode. How How is Is this this done? done? Sayam exttllded background backgrouud color color mode, mode, which wlriclr Sayam Tantasook Tantasook extended 16 16
COMPUTE'S COMPUTE!", Gazeno G'l'"'
November November 1986 1966
reduces by a factor fllctor of four four the Irumber number of available clraracters characters (64 illstead instead of 256), but multiplies by four four tire the number of backback grollnd ground colors. You call1hell can then choose aile one of tire for IIle the 16 available colors for the character ill in tire foreground Illid four backgroulld the foreground and one of offour background colors for tire the resl rest of th/' the 8 X 8 clrllracter character grid.
Pictures On Disk I recently purchased a Commodore 128. 128. One of the main reasons I chose the 128 is because I1 heard of its easy-touse graphics capabilities that are accesacces sible ftom from BASIC. II have written many hi-res programs and wish to save just the pictures pIctures to disk, preferably preferably with the BSAVE command. Is th is possible? poss ible? this How could II do it? it? Brian Aljian
piclllre After you've desiglled designed the hi-res picture and displayed it all on tile the screell, screen, type tire the following /iIlC line ;" in immediate mode-or mode—or inin clude it ill in your program: BSAVE "picturename", "picturtnamt", BO, B0, P7168 TO P1 6383 PI6383
To load it back into in t o memory, BWA D"picturename",BO. For mult BLOAD"picturename",B0. multii-
c% piclures, you'll hllve stl colorr hi-res pictures, have to to set colo rs 22 and 33 before BLOAD BLOADing colors ing the picture. BWAO and BSAVE B5AVE were intended BLOAD for machillt programs, primarily for machine language language programs, but they can also be used 10 to load and save hi-res pictures, sprite sprile shapes, character character sets, function function key definitions, and so all. sets, on. If Irave aa portion portioll of you have of memory you want to selld to to disk, BSAVE B5AVE is aa handy Irllndy command. send
The Other Side Of The CP/M CP/ M Disk Disk I'm aa Commodore 128 128 owner, and II unaware that the the CP/M CP j M disk disk was was was unaware two-sided until II read about itit in your magnzine. magazine. fo r the the first fi rst time time After 1I booted it for and before 1I copied it, II managed managed to to and the first side still " nuke" the disk. disk. Now, the "nuke" boots up, up, but the the second side gives me aa boots disk error error and prints prints a whole bunch bunch of of question marks. marks. question What happened happened to to my disk disk and What how can II get get it replaced? how Jim Traverse Jim
The first firs t side of of the CP/M disk contains contains boot sector for for starting starting up up CP/M and lind the boot the second second side side does not. not. You must turn tum on compuler (or (or type type BOOT) BOon white while side side the computer one isis in ill the the disk disk drive. drive. After After CP/M CP/M has has one removt the the disk disk and and pip flip itit over. over. booted, remove tilt second seCOlrd side isis in in the the drive, drive, When the type D1R DlR to 10 see see if if you you can call get get aa directory. directory. type If you you still still get gel question question marks, mllrks, try try press pressIf ilrg CTRL-C CTRL-C (hold (ilold down dowlI the the CONTROL CONTROL ing kty and alld press press C). C). This This tells tells CP/M CP/M to to log log key alit the the previous previous disk disk and alld prepare prepllre for fo r aa out /lew one. aile. Then Then type type DIR DlR again. aga in. Pressing Pressing new CTR L-C may mlly solve solve your your problem. problem. CTRL-C
S tuff their stockings stockings
with the perfect gift With & save
COMPUTE'^ This This year, yea r, give give gift gift subscriptions s ubscripti o ns to to Computers Compute's Gazette. Gazette. You'll You ' ll not not only on ly make make their the ir holidays holidays happy, happy. you'll you 'll spread sprea d cheer chee r all all year. year. Because Because they'll t hey' ll re remember m e mber your your thoughtfulness thoughtfu lness every every time time they t hey receive receive another another fresh fres h and and exciting excit in g issue. issue. Think of the Think of the people people on on your your gift g ift list list (and, (and, don't don't
forget yourself!) enjoy forget yourself!) who who would would e njoy receiving receiving this this definitive guide to to their definitive guide their Commodore. Commodore. Computers Computet's V
Gazette will bring them up to 20 20 all-new, all-new, actionGazette will b ri n g the m u p to actionpacked programs each reviews, packed program s eac h month -— plus reviews. updates, analysis and upd ates, a n a lys is a nd more. Gazette. It's so easy to give a gift of Computers Gazell e.
A 1-year gift subscription subscription (12 (12 issues) issues) is is o only $24. A I-year nl y $24.
You save a full 33% off tthe he $36 cover price and you won won't be billed billed until until after after January January lst. 1st. At At this this yOll ' t be Happy Ho Holiday you ca can to m make lot Happy li day rrate, ate, you n aafford fford to ake aa lot of peop people happy -— a and wrap up up yo your holiday shop of le happy nd wrap ur holid ay shopping fast! fast! An An attractive attractive gift gift card card comes comes with with eac each ping h subscription. Holidays to you. you. ift subscr iption . 1Happy 1appy Holidays ggift Special Holiday Package Special Make that extra·special extra-special person person extra extra happy. happy. Give Give aa I·year 1-year ~' ake that gift subsCliplion subscription to to CompClld3 Computers Gaulle Gazette I'UJS PLUS aa '1-year sub gin ·year sub· scriplion to ti) Compule/3 Computed Duelle Gazette Disk OlSk for for only only $75. $75. scription
Tb Orde Order Call Toll-Free Toll-rree 1-800-247-GlfT 1-800-247-G1FT 1b r Call In Iowa Iowa 1-800-532-1272 1-800-532-1272 In
COMPUTED
the disk disk is is defective, defective, itit should should be be IfIf the covered by by Ih the warranty. See the the DRl DRI lili covered e warranty. censing agreement agreement that that came came with with the the censillg disk. It It says says that that defects defects ill in the the media media disk. (meaning disk that that doesn't doesn't work) work) lire are (mean ing aa disk covered alld and you cau can return return the the disk disk for for aa covered replacement. replacement.
Addressing Envelopes Envelopes Addressing Commodore 64 64 with aa 1526 I] have aa Commodore routinely use SpudScript SpeedScript for for printer. II routinely letters with with tractor-feed tractor-feed ptlp
the ve figured the program program Ilra I have figured out out how how to do do both both a a wann warm start start and and a a cold cold to start. start. The wann warm start start is is easy; easy; all all it it The does does is is re-enable re-enable the the Fastload Fastload comcom mands mands without without clearing clearing tire the screen or erasillg erasing allY any program program i/I in memory. memory, or Just just SYS SYS 57J94. 57134. "fhe The cold cold start is is to SYS 64738 64738 but but also also ellen similar to abies ables Fastload. Fastload. Below is is a a program that that does does it. it. The The variable variable 5 S call can be be set to to any any rJalue value where there there are are 6 6 free bytes free bytes of of memory. memory.
which which is is arrallged arranged as as if ifyou you were were inside inside the the computer computer looking looking out. out. Conllecl Connect pin pin 11 to to the the outside outside portioll portion of of the the coaxial coaxial cable cable and and pin pin 77 to to the the inner inner wire. wire. The llck parts cost The Radio Sh Shack cost aboul about $5, $5, and and the the cable cable is is easy easy to to make make if if you're you're good t, good with with a a soldering soldering iron. iron. If If you're you're IIO not, you call r $8$1 5. Ba/feries can buy buy aile one fo for S8-S15. Batteries In Included, cluded, MicrovatiollS, Microvations, arId and Cardco Cardco Ilave have such cables for sale cables for sale (ask (ask your local local ComCom modore modore dealer dealer for for details). details). Some Some CommoCommo dore dore dealers dealers also also make make their their own own cables. cables.
105820 IDS=820
XMODEM: A A Standard Standard Protocol Protocol Where (tin can II obtain obtain the XMODEM propro tocol? II am am interested in in designing my own terminal terminal programs and and need inforinfor mation on on this. TIm Tim Kollas
20 20 FOR FOR I1 -= 5S TO TO 5+5: S + 5: READ A: A: SYS 5 S POKE I,A: NEXT: 5YS 30 30 DATA 32,.6,223,76,48,128 32,6,223,76,48,128
David MacKenzie Dtlvid using SpeedScript SpeedScript with sinsin When you're using gle sheets of paper, you should put the Ihe sle I'm su re Fastload users have sure command at the top of the docdoc page-wait comma7ld found that SYS 64738 64738 doesn't reset CTRL alld and press the ument. Hold down CTRL Fastload. Tlris This sltort short routille routine can rere pound key. You'll be prompted for English poulJd for place SYS 64738: 64738: the leiter letter w w ({or (for "wait aa format format key; type IIJe 10 FOR I -- 288 TO 293: READ A: between pages"). You You may have to set the betweelJ LA: NEXT POKE I,A: bottom margin aa little higher as well. 20 DATA 32,.21,223,76,61,128 32,21,223,76,61,128 When a page has printed, SpeedScript Wh en a prillted, Afler After you TUIl run the program, you call can line that reminds you to insert will print aa lille reset the computer and re-enable the next sheet. Fastload with SYS 288. The Com Commodore printer has has a a Tile modore 1526 prillter Albert H. H. Cooper, III paper sensor sensor that causes the printer to /0 when it thillks thinks it has has TUIl run out of prlper. paper. stop when Thanks to both of you you for for the arrswer answer to to By usillg using IIle the page-wait commal/d, command, you call can this question. this sensor. avoid most problems caused by the se/lsor. Thee printer wall', won't print envelopes bebe Th prillt ellvelopes the paper sensor. sensor. Wh When cause of tire en you've SO-Column 80-Column Cables For The 128 lined up the ellvelope, envelope, the printer thinks lined I would like to know where 1I may pur purand refuses 1 to0 continue. itit's's out of paper paper alld 80-co!umn caca Here's a a way to to use your your printer prillter 1to0 chase the monochrome 80-column address (llvelopes: envelopes; Place Place aa piece piece of paper ble that you mentioned recently, and is. between the flap and alld the Ih e main maill envelope. ttlvelope. how much it is. Ricky Seidenstein Carefully envelope Carefully pick up the paper paper and ellvelope insert them top first into together and illsert illto the The 128 128 has both monochrome monoch rome and color printer. printer. Advance Adt/ance the paper paper until ulltil the top of 80-column outputs. These two signals are are the envelope erltlelope shows. The piece of paper paper available arJailable on on the port port labeled RGBI. RGBI. To see you've you've inserted fools the paper paper sensor sensor into illtO 80 80 columns in ill color, you you need nud an arl RGB RGB thinking tlJinkill8 there's more more paper. papu. monitor and an IBM-compatible IBM- compatiblt color ca camonitor ble (almost (1Ilmost any merchant merchallt that tltat sells RGB RGB ble for the the monitors will also stock cables for A A Fastload Warm Warm Start Start IBM, so so they're they'rt not Ilot difficult to to find). find). IBM, II am You can use use either either aa monochrome monochrome Epyx FastFastam aa happy happy owner of the the Epyx load also called aa green-screen green-screen or or an monitor, also load cartridge, cartridge, but but when when 1I use use the the 64's 64 's monitor, system amber-screen, or or aa composite composite color color moni monisystem reset rcset command (SYS (SYS 64738), 64738), amber-screen, Fastload lor such as as the the 1701 1701 or or 1701 1702 to to obtain obtaill 80 80 Fast/oad is disabled. disabled. Is Is there there aa reset reset tor command that column s in in monochrome. monochrome. For For the the 1701 1701 or or that will will leave leave Fastload Fastload in in columns place? 1702, connect connect the the monochrome monochromt input input to 10 1702, place? tire jack jack on on the lite rear rear of of the tire monitor mOllitor labeled labeled Brian Brian Johnson Johnson the LUMA. Monochrome Monochrome means means one one, color, color, LUhlA. We don't dOII't usually usually respond respolld to to programming programming but but you you really really have have three three colors: colors: dark, dark, questions questions about about specific specific commercial commercial prod prod- light, ligllt, and and aa gray gray shade shade that's IIlat's between between the the ucts uCls (it's (it's best best to 10 address address inquiries inquiries to 10 the the two Iwo extremes. exlremes. software softwart company company that that produces produ ces the the pro proTo build build your yourOWIl cable, buy buy aa length length To own cable, gram), gram), but bul within within aa week week after after we we received received of of coaxial coaxial cable, cable, an an RCA RCA male malt plug, plug, and and aa your your letter, letter, two two answers answers appeared appeared in ill the the standard standard male male nine-pin Ilille-pin D D connector cOllnector (Ra (Ra"Feedback" mailbox, so so this this must must be be aa dio "Feedback" mailbox, dio Shack Shack part pan #276-1537). #276-1537). The The nine-pin nille-pin common common problem. problem. Here Here they they are: are: COMector isis the. the.complement of aa joystick joystick connector complement of The The Fastload Fastload manual mallual states sta tes connector, which which isis to to say say that that aa joystick joystick connector, that plug will that the the only ollly way way to to use use the the car carwill fit fit into into this this connector. connector. Pin Pin 11 of of plug tridge has been beell deactivated deaclirJated Ih e RGBI RGBl connector Call nectar isis ground ground and and pin pill 77isis tridgt after after itit has the is the is to to turn turn the the 64 64 off off and and on on again. again. Ihe monochrome monochrome output. output. See See page page 352 352 of of However, Ihe 128 128 System System Guide Guide for for aa diagram, diagram, Howeve r, through through disassembling disassembling the 18 18
COMPUTEl's COMPUTE/"3 Gazano GaUl/II
November Ncrvernbor 1986 1986
XMODEM (also hlown known as Modem7) Modem?) is an error-dltckillg error-checking scheme used 10 to transmit files from from one co mput er to allot Iter, files computer another, usually over the Idepholle telephone lines. It is without aa doubt lite the most popular micro· micro comp uter protocol for for uploading and computer dtJWnloadillg. downloading. The original XMODEM XMODEM protocol was devised by Ward Christen sell, who Christensen, who also set up tht the first computer bulletin board. Data is sent ill 28 bytes, wilh in blocks of J128 with a a clleckcheck sum and otlter other extra illfonnation information which iinsures nsures that /ll at each blo ck is ce ived block is re received correctly. XMODEM tral/sfers transfers always illvolve involve eight-bit bytes; if you are using using a a telecomtelecom municatiollS program, make sure lhat munications program, that you are a word length of are communicating with a eigh ASCIl chareightt bits and no parity. Four ASCII char acters have aa special meanillg this meaning in this protocol: protocol: SOH slilr! Of 11 start of heilder header 4 EOT Ear end end of text text 4 ACK acknmvledge ilcknowledge 6 ACK 6 21 NAK NAK negative ntgative ocknC1lvledge 21 acknoivledge Tile computers computers at at both both ends ends of the the The Ilt est.' characters as as signals sigllals during during link use these the transfer. trall sfer. Respectively, Respectively, they are used to to the mark the the start of aa data data block block ISOH), (SO H), and mark to indicate indicilte when the Ih e transmission t"ITIsmission isis com comto plete (EOT), (Eon, when when aa block block has been bet.'11 re replete ceived successfully successfully (ACK), (ACK), and alld when when an all ceived error has has occurred occurred in ill receiving rt.'ceiving aa block block error (NAJ(). (NAK).
A complete complete XMODEM XMODEM block block always always A consists of of 132 J32 bytes bytes of of information. i"formatioll. The Tile consists first 3J bytes bytes of the ti,e block block are are called called the the first header. The The next Ilext 128 128 bytes bytes contain cOlltainthe acheader. the ac tual data data being being transferred, transferred, and and the the last laSI tual bytt contains contains aa checksum. checksum. The The first first byte byte isis byte the starl-of-header slart-of-header character(SOH, charaCler(SOH, ASCII ASCII the 1) which which says says to to the Ihe receiving receiving computer, computer, 1) comes aII block." block." The The second secolld byte byte isis "Here comes "Here the block block number, number, which which begins begins at at one aile and and the increases by by one one every ellery time time aa block block isis suc sucincreases
cessfully transmitted. tran smitted. When Wh en the th e block block cessfully
number exceeds exceeds 255, 255, itit flips flips over over to to zero zero number (nol one). one). The The third third byte byte isis the the block block com com(not equal toto the the ones arIes com complement, aa value value equal plement, plemelll of of the tire block block number IIIlmber (256 (256 - the tire plement
;:--
$
g ~Sir~nulat.i9r.S The. FlyinFlyin;;;-
PitOts Chosen by Real Pilots •
■
We regularly hear from military and commercial Air
Iraffic Controllers who rave about bur KfnnidyAppboach' simulation, qnd though we can'l mention nairios
(.-.
(Ih'ey'ro Federal emplqyoes), wo cart say thaVft^dny of those professionals tell us KrtiNf ov Ai-pRoicn Is tho mast
IhoMcroPtoie Civilian AviatiorvS or I Qs includai^'
cialed with dySingle-engine proposer aircralf. AcsoJn ' fecreales the sensitive contrdrchaiaclOfjslics ol the The loughesl evaluators of (lying simulations aren'l compulet bufls.
Ihoy're actual pilots afid ilighl pro-
losiionals. And when Iheso (lyersialk 'authenticity and realism, ono name
comes op again and agaitv,,,MlcroPf ose Simulation Software,
We're used to !hr. kind o! stringent comparison; our company president is a formor (Ighler |ock wlih 3,000 flying hours in his logbook, roke Hi" evaluation of Senior Edllor David Maiiln, In Private Pilot
bytha*javtaliongame»:
, 'fit. Marttn Isn't Iho only pi'61 who's
spent monyorhiifecontleisurehours
with MicroProso simulations. Com paring his experience in training '
real llyors with the instrument Igyout
found in Soio Flghj. Cessna Flight Instructor Mark Rice told us "the instrument flying segmenlsore vory
similar to the real Ihlng - you're up in tin ■ clouds and using your readings to guldo the alrcralt ."
awlderangeolmulllpfayorcompetitionevbnts KiNNtnv Ai'pKoach allows you to guldo dozens of commercial
olrctdrt Into and oul of the nation's busiest airports.
From. MicroPros^: 1he flying simulators chosen not' only by computer enlhusiosls. bul also by real pilots... SoioIunmlio»oilontBlorConiiTH)'Io(sM7f?»1"ApRioiMiimlljAldn
!■ i,-'.'. :/ir ktptt)ilufJ%tinmnMH)QEI lOh'JU of limuloli'hi --rjtllCVll
Concorde pilot and lor morRAF jet
magazine's August 19B6lssuo. Martin,
I Iyer John Hutchlnson i eviowed Micro
a formor Navy aviator who has flown
Prose'sport flight AceoJtr lot the British
almost everything with wings, re
press. His conclusion: "this simulalion
viewed live MicioProse programs, rhcludingtrtebeslsellingSoioFuGHt
isone thai reall/ does live up to its roal-lile counterparl... I find AcpoJet
primary Ilighl simulator. "I'd nol have bstlovod It possible..." he wrofe, "Pilois of all sorts will be la&cinatad
complelely absorbing and very
excillng." High praise, liom the man who files the world's fastest airliner ..
u
% «, O r ' W ■ H
'
block number). number). Toge Together, the block block /lu num block ther, tile m· ber and and complement complement aI/ allow both computers computers ber ow both to make make sure sure they they art are synchronized synchronized (dea (deallto ing with with Iht the same same block). block). illg The 128 128 data data bylts bytes may may cOlllain contain ally any Tht sort of of eighl.bil eight-bit da data (executable programs sarI la (cxeClitable as well well as as ordi ordinary ASCII tex text). The as ll ary ASCII t). Tile checksum is tile the eight-bit eight-bit sum sum ·of of all all 128 128 checksu m is data bytes. bytes. It It's reset 10 to zero zero at at the the begin. begin data 's reset ning of of each each block, block, and and jl flips over to to zero Ilillg ips over whenever it it exceeds exceeds 255. 255. In BASIC, Ille the whenever checksum can be calc calculated with the checksu m ca ll be ulat ed wil lI tlte statementl CHE.CKSUM CHECKSUM -= (CHE.CKSUM (CHECKSUM slalemen BYTE) AND 255, where where CHECKSUM CHECKSUM is + BYTE)t\ND the clltcksum checksum value value alld and BYTE is Ihl' the the ASCII value of of the curren currentl cllaracler. character. ASCII Here is a a Ilulsllt/l nutshell descrip description of a a success· success lion of transfer: ful XMODEM Iransfer: Initiation. Senderr waits fo for an illitial initial Init iation. Sellde r all NAKfrom receiver. Receiver sends a NAK NIIK fro m rectiver. to initia initiate the transfer. te Ill e Irallsfer. Transfer of blocks. Sender trallsmils transmits a Trl/1lsler 01 Semler 132-bytc block cOllsistillg consisting of a OIII'-byte one-byte I32-byte character, oue-byte one-byte block number, SOH characler, one-byte block IIum number complement, 128 aile-byte ber complemellt, bytes 01 of data, alld and a a aile-byte one-byte checksum. If If byles the receiver gets the block suCctssfulfy, successfully, it tile sends an ACK to lo say, "I "I gal got that se/lds au Ihat block send Ille the nexl neit one." If all an error ococ okay; scud curs, the Ille receiver sends sellds a NAK NAK to say, the last block agaill." again." Tllis This process "Send tire continues ulltil until all blocks have bun been rere cOlltinues (orr tilt the transfer is is ceived successfully (o aborted; see next aborted; /Iext section). sectioll). Termination. Se Sender transmits au an EOT Terminatiol/. nde r trallsmits Ear to signal end of the trans character 10 sig/la l the elld trailSmission. Receiver Rectiver sends an ACK to say, ""1I see that sec Ih at you're done, do ne, so I'm I'm quitting, quillillg, too." and error-checking arc are crilicriti Timing alld cal parts Since the cal parI s of XMODEM. Sillce /lI e transfer Iransfer is automatic, each computer is largely aulomalic, computer must have a a means aborting the mea ns of abortillg tile process proctss if too many mally errors occur. occur. Here Here is aa description descriptioll of error-checking durillg an all XMODEM XM ODE M error-cllecking during transfer: Irall sfer: Initiation. Initiatioll. Sender Semler aborts aborts the the transfer tra/l sfer if it doesn't doesll'l receive an all initiating jnitialing NAK from fro m the receifler after after ten Itll W-sccond lO-secolld timeouts limeoliis the receiver (100 seconds seconds total). lola/). Receiver Rueifler sends sends the II,e first first NAK, NAK, then thell waits wails to 10 get the tile first first SOH, sending sel/dillg another allotller NAK every every ten tell seconds secollds if if no 110 SOH SOH appears. Receiver Receiver aborts the lilt transfer Ira ll sfer if if ten tell W-second 10-secolld timeouts timeolils occur occur without withoul its its receiving uceiving an all SOH. SOH. Transfer Tr/fll s/er of 01 block. block. Sender Sender transmits transmits aa 132-byte 132-bylr block, block, then then waits waits for fo r aa response respollse from from the the receiver. receifler. Sender Sender aborts abort s transfer tran sfer ifif ten lell 10-second JO-second timeouts timeo uts occur occur for fo r any any block block without without its ils receiving receiving an au ACK ACK or or NAKfrom NAK from the tilt' receiver. receiver. Receiver Receifler waits Wai ls for fo r each each block block to 10 arrive, arrifle, sending sf'/!dil!g aa NAK NAK every every ten tell seconds sccollds ifif no 110 SOH SOH appears, appears, and and abort aborling illg transfer tra/Isfer ifif ten tell such such timeouts timeouls occur occur for for any ally block. block. After Afler receiving receivillg an all SOH, SOH, the the re receiver to one Ctifier reduces reduces the the timeout timeout interval il!teroallo olle second secolld for for each each of of the the 131 13J remaining remaillillg bytes bytes in ill the tht' block, block, and 11IId sends sends aa NAK NAK to 10 request request retransmission relra llSlll issioll ifif more 1II0re than than ten ten l-second J-second timeouts limeouts occur occur for for any any single silZgle byte byle (this (this 20 20
COMPUTED COMPUTE!', Gazette GUIII/e
November November 1986 1986
covers covers Ihe the case case wllere where a a block block cOlllail/s contains 100 too few bytes). bytes). If If all all l32 132 bytes bytes arrive arrive all on time, time, ftw tile the reeeifler receiver sellds sends aa NAK NAK if ifthe the first byte byte is is not mber, comnot an an SOH SOH or or ifif the the block block IIu number, com plement, or or checksum checksum does does uol not match. match. If If the plicate block the receiver receiver gets gets aa du duplicate block (caused (caused ils 10 when when the the sellder sender fa fails to recognize recognize all an ACK}, it it throws throws away away tile the duplicate duplicate and and liCK), sellds 0 say, "I sends all an ACK 1 to "I gal got Ihat that block block alal ready; ready; scud send tire the next next aile." one." In tllis this case, case, alld ds to send aa NAK. and whenefler whenever it it IIu needs NAK, the the receiver receiver first purges the line line by by gelting getting ti,e the r of tlillg cllaracters remaillde remainder of the the block block (ge (getting characters ulltil until 110 no more characters characters are are illcoming) incoming) and tlITowing throwing il it away. alld Termination. If If tile the sellder's sender's Ear EOT is lost, lost, Termination. or the the sellder sender simply stops sendiug, sending, the rl're ceiver wentually use ilit experieventually aborts beca because experi ences ten JO10-second timeouts without sccond till/CO llI s wi th oul w ces tell receiving allythillg. anything. If If the sellder sender docs does 1I0t not recciving final ACK, it aborts receive the receiver's filial te whellten when ten 1O,suolld 10-second lillleouls timeouts occur. No Note thai e very last block of data CO lll a illS that if Ih the contains fwer tllall fewer than 128 bytes, lire the sender "pads" the block witll tell with extra characters, of often nulls (ASCII 0). notprovided in the origiorigi Though it's /101 provided iI/ nal protocol, protocol, many implemelllaliolls implementations of XMODEM use allother another special characler character (CAN, ASCII 26) 1to0 allow eilller either compuler computer cancel transfer immediately. Propo to ca llCe! the trallsfer Propo· 1It1lts XM ODEM cla im all nents of XMODEM claim an accuracy in excess of 99 percent (fewer than 1 1 rate ill percelll (fwer XM ODEM perce la ulldetecled percent undetected errors). XMODEM was devised ill persollal in the early days of personal computing, when eight-bit CP/ CP/M ma computiug, when the eighl-bit M ma· chine king. Its limitations arise ch iliI' was killg. Its major limila/ious understandably enough, enough, it relies because, ulllierstalldably all An improved improfled veron eight-bit arithmetic. An ver sioll of XMODEM XMO DEM uses tile sion the CRC (cyclic rere dundancy checksum) mel method to reduce tile the du nda llCY cllecksum) hod 10 likelihood of ulldetected undetected errors. Programs likelillood fo r use with commercial infor illfordesigned for mation services re matioll seroices often oftell relax the timing liming requirements quirell/ellts (increase (illcrease the Ih e timeout limeoul periods) I,crioils) as well, to to allow allow for for the the delays de lays caused caused by telephone telephollC packet-switching packet- switching networks. lIetworks. XMODEM has also also been bUll criticized XMODEM it involves i'/fJolves aa high lligh degree of of over over· because it head: head: For For every 128 128 bytes bytes of of data, da la, you you must musl process process aa minimum of five five non-data IIoll -data bytes (SOH, (SO H, block block number, /Iumber, complement, comp/eme" t, bytes cllecksum, and and ACK ACK or or NAK). NAKJ. More recent checksum, protocols protocols such such as as Kermk Kermit transmit Irausmil data da ta in ill 1024-byte 1024-byte or or even evell larger larger blocks. blocks.
Video Video Banks Banks [I am am in in the the process process of of writing writing an an arcadearcadestyle style game game for for the the 64 64 which which uses uses both both sprites sprites and and hi-res hi-res graphics. graphics. Unfortu Un fortu· nately, nate ly, II have h ave more more than th an 50 50 sprite sprite shapes, so so the the shapes shapes and and the the hi-res hi-res shapes, screen screen cannot cannot be be located located in in block block zero, zero. II haven't been been able able to to find fi nd out out how how to to haven't
move sprites sprites and and the the hi-res hi-res screen screen to to move b lock one. one. The Th e screen screen memory memo ry and and block character character memory memory must must be be moved moved also. also. Do the th e sprite sp rite pointers point ers change ch a nge from fro m Do
2040-2047 1843 1? Since 2040-2047 to to 1842418424-18431? Since my my game game is is in in machine machine language, language, the the placeplace ment ment of of BASIC BASIC is is not not aa problem. problem. Can Can you you help? help? Dean Dean Kreutzer Kreutzer
The C-II video The VI V1C-U video cllip chip haudles handles all all graphgraph ics, i-res screells, ics, illclliding including sJlritrs, sprites, IIhi-res screens, ellarchar prs, allil r acter acter slla shapes, and scree" screen memory memory fo for ordill ary characters. ordinary characters. This This chip chip can can only only "see" "see" 16K 16K at a a time, time, so you can can choose choose from ur video banks: from fo four banks: bank 0: O-J 6383 bankO: 0-16383 ballk 6384-32767 bank J: 1: J16384-32767 bank bank 2: 1: 32768-49151 32768-49151 bank bank 3: 3: 49152-65535 49152-65535 Wh eu When you swilch switch to a a 1It'W new video balik, bank, all video informatioll information mOfles moves Ihere. there. If If you iza fle a character screell ll S have screen at 10catiO locations 1024-2023, w ith sp rit e poill ters at with sprite pointers 2047, alld u move the video fl ideo to 20402040-2047, and yo you ballk bank 1, Ilze the lIew new sprite pointers will be lolo cated at 1842418431. 18424-18431. To swilch 0 a nw switch 1 to new ballk bank ill in BASIC, use tile followhlg lilIes the following lines (whert (where BANK BANK is the bank /lumber): number): PPOKE O KE 56578, PEEKt56578) R3 PEEKI56578) O OR OKE 56576, (PEEKt 56576) AND 252) OR PPOKE (PEEK(56576) OK 13-B ANK) (3-BANK)
Tire illt language equivalellt, The macl/ machine equivalent, assumiliS yo'; Wtlll I , is: assuming you wantt 10 to switch to to ballk bank 1, LOA LDA 56578 O RA #3 ORA#3 STA 56578 LO A 56576 LDA A ND ##252 252 AND O RA # 2 ORA#2 STA 56576
You won't WOII't be able to prillt to to print to the stall dard text texl screen scrCCli unl ess you also standard unless POKE 648, 64 8, (PEEK(648)AND63) OR POKE (PEEK(648)AND63> OR (BANK - 64). • (BANK*64), «
f-- - - - --- ----- - --l
All programs In this listed in
.
magazine are available on the
GAZETIE Disk. GAZETTE See details details See In elsewhere in elsewhere
this issue. Issue. this
And you don't even have to leave your room. '1l1C llic Hussians Russians have have nJ(! The Doomsday Doomsday Papers"" Papers'" locked
deep in a Siberian stronghold. With them, them, they can bring the world to bring to its knees. 'The 111C u.s. U.S. government needs your your help. Using Using their their s:.ltd litc you .satellite you Gill can geL get il1to into lhe the complex complex with with your your
computer. All rou you h:tvc have lO to do is locate locate the combina· combina tio ns to the safe, find tions find and open it, it, and gellhe get die documents ut. documents o out.
Sounds Sounds simple simple enough. Unfonunatel}~ Unfortunately it's not that
casr easy There are ,~deo video cameras and mOni[Qrs monitors to be avoided. Guanl lcd .. :111C Guard patrols. And something caJ called.. .The Annihilator. ne you've Annihilator. Plus, Plus, your your onl)' only map map is is the the o one gOt got 10 to make while while nOI not being discovered discovered by by all all of of
lhe the above. above. Your n got Your repmatio reputation got you you into into this mess. mess. )bur Your hacki ng skill nly thing that hacking skill is is the the oonly that can can get get you you out out.. Bon\byagc. Bon Voyage. For :aIl 8001 For more more infonn:uion Information and and the the dealer dealer nearest nearest )'Oll you on 100" .. CSM
W
"995
MI!;II121 Macn128
Paperback P.ar.ner 64 Pfacitcai(d) or (t)
Hes Multlplan ....
PS, The Proorammabie
Spreadsheet Swiftcalc 54
w^ldensys
Scall Scan
S29 95 J1995
..., ,-,
j3; K
S59 95
.134 95
H3[h 5
c Power
stmnS $imOI'I"$ Basic 8u.w;
K4 96
Scall
..
SS9 95
S39.95
~S79 95
C-64 INTEGRArfD PACKAGES
S39.95
VuaslarflK
Scall
-.
ORAPHICS Pm1 5IIop . PnntShop Prim. Shop Shop Cu eofnP,lnlOl\ Print moan ion . GI1I>/Iits Library LibllIY I.II.111. t. n. 1l1 Graphics Newsroom
Clip Art ....0I Clip
S2195 S27 95 S2595 S24 95
I 95 116 134 95 SI9.95
,.,,"
~ Art Att~ Clip II .
Scall
CflDPIC Scmn Dumper Oum!lOf 64 &01 Screen
S32 95 119 95
Nowiroam
$34. SS
Graphics Exfjanson.... SCALL Clip All I S199S Clip An II SCALL CAD PIC
132.95
Screen Dumper M
SI 9.95
Hnanclat & Accounting Softsyne Pars Acct.. ..S32.95
Com.Horns Ami
S46.95
TirnewksGeneral Ledger, A/fl, M1, PeymN.lnvont.. S40.95/EA
Casribo.
J3S.95
Timowks.Eloct Chkbk.. .519.95
Tim owka Money Mgr.. Typing Aids
519.95
Typing Tutor III
E29 95
Keys to Typing
SI 9.95
TUSSEY COMPUTER PRODUCTS PRODUCTS ~T~T~%::~~'
PA "'"
CLASSIFIEDS CLA IFIED INFORMATION AND AND INFORMATION PA ORDERS ORDERS 814-234-2236 814·234·2236 PA
OPEN 9-8 9·8 Mon-Fri; Mon-Fri ; 10-5 10-5 Sat Sat EAST EAST COAST COAST TIME TIME OPEN
lU1..__ inn,
GEOS
GEOS C64 COLOR COLOR VERSION VERSION C64
$CALL
Unison Worid
Print master Art Gallery
u
U~
~
™
-
$35' W59
seAU JCALL Slt9 1299
SCAU (CAt-L
~kM Maker
S29 95 $29.95
H$-IOIHKJ£T_ _ _ $CAU.
HS^O INKJET.
PANASONIC
(CALL
.JUKI
a YR WARRANTY
(
........ ....._. ___. _-.. ..... ..... EtHANcen
s15. M S159^ , ::"'_'":t...~ ■■ . ■ i- ,
,,..
DosyAliee' Pnnle* Ponabe
Ttpe>of'" _
WI
Ttdgw" (pj. BupII if* CoNKiCIft '_ CorecKxi Tam
....
_
tcAll
MrOOP
IC»U
tlOOP
1344
"'_
,
_.
SAT W,lh
ead>
SD-ID-.
I "
■mo '"& back oi your C-64 Recommend use wilh monoc Kr ome^^^
m."
*14*4
INFODKSIGNS
iiEnlDHJQS
S ... tk-.~I SAT Scoio ImpiowtmBrl
. UI3
\£C8027A
Computerized Computerized order order entry, entry, processing processing and allOW TCP TCP to to serve serve you you and status status allow
The Dala 20 XL-M U an
•
. . .1119
SD-1S
e1)enI)Ioef."
001»rI1I1"I1WIg _ . 11 11 00 00 AW AM our CIUI Cdera arriving betas
Only $39.95
jrrrwtn """"-
sri»in
(136
or
1JU m*«l SlHpr pjptf F*Mh
eo.--.. .... _ _
SCALL
J
80 Column Board lor the C-64
SAT PfoparatlDn
.... '"TlII.
PRINTER!
...
n .. otr..
,,-,,-......... ...."
C.if
0....,-_ 2200 .... . ... _ $264 2200 S264
SL-10C or SG-1OC.... ~:" •-':■'.. ■■ SG-15
You poy TCP's You only oNy!IeY l e I' s standard SI..-d shipping ii,i"V o! S4 ~ i~ Sol 00 00 per 1* orflef atOll!" This otter also also vaird valid on 01' peripherals 1Irod accessor _ ... uncItt 8 pounds POUnO:t and m 5 uncle'
BPDdtrDund Pnn1 £hop til tl I.~ It df III
NL-10C
sags $I.V5
•'rlill Shup
""'NUll T*PEWR1T(H TYI'I(WII"U PRINTER
C.IJ.I.
DS.'DD
*
• _ _ _ Uut
1091 ...5229.00 1060 ...S199.00
NX-10
$IA5 JO.45
osroo
Software be Software orders orders over over $50.00 will wtllbe shipped shipped FEDERAL FEDERAL EXPRESS(yes,even with these prices) prices) with these
lime Mull be sti.pped oui same Cay ' _wdlN~OU1_c.y'
55'00 SS DD
>
2000.
sa 85 $I." IU5 19.1 S
TUSSEY TUSSEY DISKS DISKS
S29 95 95 S29
_ " G . . .1Q- - S C A U. Homawrltor (CALL
OX-1G DX-1D
su,
ST.9!
SS SS DD 00 0500 DSDD
k:on Factory. Factory Icon
B;roo.rd 61 r boa rO
j«9
—
BONUS DISKS OISKS BONUS SS'DD S7.« 55100 SU5 NASHUA NASHUA DISKS DISKS
SOLUTION SOLUTION UNLIMITED UNLIMITED
Epson Printers Printers .. * ... ~ Epson i, jn-.rr.nv ___
LX-ao
F):.:rM FX-IB6 1!)I.,oo HX-100
SCALL
DI SKS DISKS per pe '00* ~' of O I 10 10
DS.-3D 05100
PRINTERS nolS FX-OS
S29.95
Buy wII~ witn DOllno-.. conlldoncp w._ Wo tianor •■ ...-!act e", .. .mill .■ i........... r-. warranty, ....,..
^^^
~Uj ^^e
To order by m*ll: We accept money otder cenilied check, personal check Allow 2 weeks lor personal check 10 clear Shipping: $d 00 lor software and accessotisstto 00 lor pnniars and
color moniiors S8 00 for disk drives and o\het mOTitiofsiAOd S3 O0 per ooi shipped COD Call fo< other shpping charges ACdilional snipping required on APO. FPO. AX. HI. and Imeign wders
Terms: ALL PRICES REFLECT CASH DISCOUNT. ADO 1.9% FOR MASTERCARO OH VJSA. Uanulac\urors»arianty honored with copy Df our invoice ALL SALES ARE FINAL. Defective noms replaced or re paired at our . ■. ■: i .i Pennsylvania residents iidd 0% ill1 u< Pi'cos and lerrns 9ul>|od to etiango wuhout nolico
■
1-800-468-9044 1·800·468·9044
■■*■-■> /
";i
.!
',
'.■
\ '
then started started doing doing the the general general then stuff," he he says. says. stuff," While Brors worked worked on on the the While characters and and the the data data su surround characters rround· ing them, them, Murray concentrated concentrated on on ing working out the the combat combat situations. situations. working Later, the two two put put together what what Later, they'd worked worked out out individually, individually, but but they'd entire process was one one of of con· con the entire stant interaction. interaction. Even 551 SSI PresiPresi stant dent Joe Joell Billings, who has dent extensive experience experience as as a war extensive and a game designer, gets inin gamer and fine-tunerr in volved as a tester and fine-tune SSI development process. the 551 Computerr game enthus enthusiasts Compute iasts exceptional today usually demand exceptionally well developed color graphics. To answer that need, one of the changes in program design is the director, emergence of the art direct o r, whose job it is to make sure that the computer graphics are as effective as possible. At Epyx, Epyx, a a company company as possible. At graphically y excellent known for its graphicall action games, Michael Kosaka serves as art director for computer graphics. Managing a staff of four fou r other artists, Kosaka works with individ individual ual project managers and program programmers, trying to get the right mix of graphics graphics and game play. p lay. Like Like aa number of other companies, companies, Epyx' designers designers build bu il d many many products p roducts with with in-house in-house development development tools. tools. Kosaka Kosaka even even has has aa set set of of graphics graphics tools tools that let let him him create create any any images images he to be be an an he wants wants without without having having to expert in machine machine language. language. expert in
Thrashing Thrashing Things Things Out Out
"I " I think think my my goal goal is is to to try try to to get get the the absolutely best images images I1 can," can," he he absolutely best says. says. And And he he admits admits that that part part of of
what what he he likes likes most most about about his his work work is "thrashing things things out out with with the the is "thrashing programmers, programmers, working working with with them, them,
pushing pushing and and learning learning from from them. them.
"It's "It's very ve ry interesting. interesting. We've We've
found found aa nice nice blend blend of of give give and and take, take, and works out out real real well." well " and itit works Kosaka Kosaka also also works works with with pro pro-
grammers grammers who who may may be be hundreds hundreds of of miles As aa game game designer designer and and miles away. away. As an he sends sends samples samples an artist artist himself, himself. he
of to the the of sprites sprites and and storyboards storyboards to
programmers programmers for for their theirdevelopment. development. Then, Then, once once the the programming programming itself itself
has has started, started, Kosaka Kosaka and and the the pro programmers grammers go go back back and and forth fo rth deciddedd28 28 COMPUTE!* COMPUTE,.! Gazette GUIIUII
November Nov&mber 1986 1986
■
■" ■
■■■
'
..
J
■
5
■
may may bring bring in in sOl'Qe sorne help help on on the the ing ing what's what's possible possible to to accomplish. accomplish. graphics work. work. He's He's seen seen the the way way tha thatt today's today's graphics computers, computers, especially especially the the CommoCommo A Monk dore 64, 64, can can produce produce results results far far bebe dore Monk In In A Monastery Monastery yond ford maintains yond what programmers programmers just just two two Chris Chris Craw Crawford maintains that that It's there's years years ago ago felt felt were possible. ""It's there's still still plenty plenty of room room for for the fascinating. It's the the same same basic mama fascinating. program designer who's willing willing to chine, but but aa lot of of new things are are invest chine, invest thought thought and and energy. energy. In fact, fact, he's convinced going on on with with it. And a a lot of that is going convinced that it's this type of at it. it." experience, hacking away at " programmer who will, in the long run, prevail. And that includes proGarry Garry Kitchen is another sucsuc pro cessfull program designe designer r who's grammers working alone as cessfu as well as as made a transit ion from working design teams. Cra wford, who is transition Crawford, alone to working with a co-designer. continually studying the evolution After creating Activision's The of computer programming, is the The DeDe author of the book, Ti,e sigller's signer's Pellcil Pencil by himself, Kitchen The Arf Art of ComCom pilfer began work on what was to become puter Game Design: Reflections of a a the popular GameMaker program. Master Muster Game Designer (Osborne/ GameMaker is a package that McCraw-Hill). McGraw-Hill). "The damenta l question lets the non prog rammer create nonprogrammer "The fun fundamental question workable, stand-a lone action he re is, What is programming? program min g? stand-alone here games, including sprites, sound efWe're in the middle of a transition ef fects, music, and background backg r ound from one regime to another. another. The scenes. Just as commercial program fifirst rst regime is the monk monk in the monmon manuscript-the designers now use their own develdevel astery copying a manuscript—the opment libraries and refined tools, programmer does what the comcom GameMaker lets the nonprogram· nonprogram puter does well," says Crawford. is program program"The new new regime regime is mer have much the same thingthing— "The only less powerful. ming as an act of communication: is on on what what we we should should The emphasis emphasis is "The GameMaker code is is prob prob- The takes up up almost all of say. People will become bored with ably 150K; it takes Kitchen . communication that that says says nothing. one side of of a disk," notes Kitchen. opening aa book rather like opening Since 5ince GameMaker is essentially essent iall y That's rather that has has an an illuminated illuminated manuscript, manuscript, composed five separate separate sound that composed of of five grap hi cs modules, modu les, Kitchen Kitchen but but is is nothing nothing more more than than 'Mary 'Mary had had and graphics programmer and and musi musi- aa little anything. brought in programmer little lamb'—not lamb'- not saying saying anything. brought cian Alex Alex DeMeo DeMeo to to create c reate the th e " I take aa generally optimistic optimistic cian "I in view over over the the long long term, term, but but less less in 50undMaker and and MusicMaker MusicMaker sec sec- view SoundMaker the short short term," term," he he adds. adds. "When "When II of the the program. program. A!l All five five mod mod- the tions of tions can certainly certainly take the the long long view, view, II can must work work together, together, so so Kitchen Kitchen take ules must ules to carefully carefully design design say and DeMeo DeMeo had had to say that that the the top ten ten products products of of and 1986 are are better better than than those those of of 1983. 1983. and and program program each each section. section. 1986 increasingly difficult difficult to to There in the the gar gar" It 's increasingly There are are aa lot lot of of weeds weeds in "It's out the the work alone alone with with that that much much memo memo- den, den, but but they're they're not not choking choking out work roses. " ry," ry," says says Kitchen. Kitchen. "You "You have have to to roses." generate vast vast amounts amounts of of assembly assembly Whatever the the course course of of pro progenerate Whatever language design, it's it's obvious obvious that that com comlanguage code." code." gram design, gram Kitchen has has not not puters puters will will always always attract attract individual individual Nevertheless, Kitchen Nevertheless, to aa high-level high-level pro pro- programmers made the the jump jump to made like Crawford Crawfo rd and and programmers like Kitchen. Even Even with with microcomputer microcomputer gramming language language such such as as Pascal Pasca l Kitchen. gramming or C. He He prefers prefers to to stay stay with with ma ma- memories memories quickly quickly approaching approaching one, one, or C. chine chine language language despite despite the the rigors rigors two, two, and and four four megabytes, megabytes, there there will will with large large be such aa course cou rse involves involves with such be designers designers who who prefer prefer aa solo solo ap apto proach to programming programming tasks. tasks. But, But, proach to programs. "I'm ''I'm always always dedicated dedicated to programs. maxing out out the the hardware. hardware. IfIf II write write just as clearly, clea rly, commercial commercia l software software just as maxing aa program in assembly assembly language language for for microcomputers microcomputers isis now now reach reachprogram in in C, C, my my ing and someone someone else else writes writes in and the combined combined tal tal· ing aa point point where where the program program will will be be better." better. " ents of of aa group group of ofprogrammers programmers can can ents What's more. more,Kitchen's Kitchen's current current be What's in bringing bringing new new be aa potent potent force force in far aa solo solo products product s to to the the software software project, aa new new game, game, isis so so far project, marketplace. • effort. He He admits, admits, however, however, that that he he marketplace. effort. a
Better Than RISK
Power -you know you love it. Power LORDS · OF
You used used to[0 play pla y You RISKas as aa kid. kid. Maybe Maybe RISK
onto o n w warships wa rships for for
attacks attacks across across oceans. oceans.
yo u still st ill do d o some so meyou tim es wh e neve r times — whenever , you can can get get enough enough you people together. together. people Did you ever ever wish yo u could cou ld play play by by you O r make make yourself? Or yourself? changes in in the the map? map? Would n't itit be be great great Wouldn't cou ld attack attac k if you could North Africa from North America? A merica? Or North Japan from Brazil? Brazil? Lords Announcing Lords Announcing o f Co nqu esffr o m Elec El ecof Conquest~from ic Arts. tron tronic Ie isn't ~n'I RISK... RISK... iI, It its &eller. better It's a conquer~the~world conquer-the-world th at explod es board game that explodes pos~ with new life and new pos sibilities because it uses all the power of your computer. computer. ba ttl e is is alive with Eve ry battle Every
"
... ,.
... ... great g r ea t multimulti-
..... __ ... • ,
player player games, games, com complete wi th treaties, {rea ti es, plete with trades, treachery. trades, and and treachery, ... play ing chal ch al. .. playing lenging solo games len ging solo games against aga in s t an a n intel i nt e l~ ligent l ige nt computer co m p ut e r
••
., ,
op ponent . ...a ga me . .. a built-in built-in game editor ed i to r powerful pow erful enough enough to to be be called called aa "Strategy G ame " Str ategy Game Construction Construction Set." Set:' Lords Lord s of of Conquest. Co nq uest. No No more mucking around with more mucking around with cardss and and dice nd little little card di ce aand pieces of plastic that roll roll pieces of plast ic that under the couch. Now und e r th e couc h . Now to co concentrate you're free to ncentrate on more more im important things. on portant things. Like exterminating Like exte rmin a tin g tthe he opposition. opponent.
music, color graphics, graphics, and music, color and
strategic stra tegic challenges impos sible in a board game. Imagine... Imagine... ... hhaving aV in g aann infinite number of unique uniq ue maps to m, so each game choose fro from, is ddifferent. ifferent. ... marchi ng you marching yourr armies p
-
1,
% Ittlr J BflEB
1I ■1
ail
A A GTtm Great SrrlllqJ' Strategy Ga= Game •* Fit'!' Five kindJ kinds ollorC'tJ of forces 10 to I~hl fight Uilh-h0nt3, with-horxs, U'ftl· u-eapotu, "liD. pans, !wI!. boats, ItmlOryposilioru. lemioryIxnitivus. ond anddties, o' Fl •., '.nib .-tall" 10to fi~1u!o,-,old, Fur kindi of of •wealth fight for-gold, umber. limber, Il'OOI.cooL iron. coal, and and lornlJofhones. herds cfhona. ••For For HJ-4playen. pl::,m. AI fo,.~ As/wrt funfur forOM one (lJ as ifit U isfur forfour.
Nell' ()T1d" 10 Neii' \\' Worlds ro Conqll(T Conquer An ,n/inll( injinilc .~ mricrv of game tnIlps maps, •• Art ritI)oo!2"1IV your OW", men. or 0! pIa,a..,o!20bwll.'" play any o/20b»i(:-in fIllIPS maps ••Crcati CI'l:(II( JIO'I' bkAnMu l&t Anaml Romt. Rome. ElII'OpMn European WaTl,and Wan, and Tht The \I'or£i World The compulr. compuitr can can ,rne,aft generate "nliniled unlimited ran· ran •• Thr
Strategy Galllf Came ConllTunion Coiutruction &1 Set Strauc Variable 1"1IIt game ~o'",,-)'OII setting} —you ~ set t!w: the Ioazrioru locations aM and •• Variabk abundance 01 ojresources. forces, and and ITlIrupmt. transport a!n.Manct teIOIIln:I. lurrt:I,
dom maps.
t levels of handicapping. •• 9bdsofhaMimppffll
""" =".
You d
",i"••
Lardi Conquest on . tlnlm.itd Ennic"DnrdtrlBnd>""by EON_—llic crcatonof "Coimlc Encounter.'" lo rd. "of f Co nqu." bnbblued .. ~J un he boord Kame " Ilotd~tl.n d l·" by EON the ~tcato"o("Colm l c Encou nt .t.""
.;,'■
n
uction Introduction
To mpilers ers Todd Heimarck, Assistant Editor
A compiler is aa powerful utility til at translates programs writA that writ ten ill Iligh-level programming language, like BASIC, ill to in a a high-level into machine language that your computer cm! can understand without
first having to interpret each step. step. Here's a a beginner's guide to to
aile one of tile the most useful items il1 in a a programmer's toolkit. The BASIC programming language has a built-in speed limit that you' ll you'll encounter sooner or later. later. Let's say you've worked hard on writing a large and complex BASIC program. Perhaps it's an arcade-style game, or maybe it's a program to manipumanipu late 1000 customer records for a small- to medium-sized business. The program works; it runs without evident errors. But it's slow-exslow—ex cruciatingly sluggish. You've hit the speed limit. The fact is, BASIC is not alal ways very good at high-speed screen movement, such as you'd need in an action game. And it's not very fast at sorting large lists, espeespe cially if there are lots of strings of data involved. There are many ococ casions where a program written in BASIC will be excessively slow.
Three Wise Men Let's say you bring your BASIC program to a local user group meetmeet
ing and ask the two wisest pro programmers for their advice. You're 30
COMPUTEI', COMPUT&'s GaUNa Gazette
Nowmbef 1986 November
looking for techniques to put some more zip into th e program. the The first one, an experienced BASIC programmer, says, ""II think II see a subroutine that could be re rewritten. And this section should be removed and changed to a three-dithree-di mensional array. You know, of course, that this bubble sort is not as efficient as a quick sort, although a shell sort might be acceptable. Yes, give me a week or two and I could have it running 20 percent faster. I'I'llll speed it up. up, Why, my notebook is full of hints and .... " and...." The second one, the best ma machine language programmer around, interrupts, "Yes, your collection of hints and tricks, I know. But that's just BASIC. I could rewrite it in mama chine language, using my own alal gorithms and relative file filess and perhaps even some sprites and alal ternate video banks. Hmmm, that would be a nice touch. Of course, it might take a month or so to concon vert, but it would be worth it." Then ' a third person you've
never seen before speaks up. "Ex"Ex cuse me; this is my first meeting and II don't know a lot about pro programming, but I might be able to help. Give me a minute or two." He comes forward with a disk in hand, types a few commands, switches disks, presses p resses a key, and waits for a few minutes. Your origiorigi nal program is changed, almost magically, into a new program that runs about four times fa ster, and faster, not a single line has been changed. What's happened? Your sslow l ow BASIC program has been compiled.
The BASICs BASICS Of Speed
A BASIC compiler can significantly speed up a BASIC program by concon verting it into a form that's essenessen tially machine language (ML). To understand how this is possible, we should first take a look at what haphap pens when you run a normal (uncompiled) BASIC program. Consider the PRINT PR I NT comcom mand. Its purpose seems simple enough-it mething, enough—it prints so something, usually to the screen-but screen—but it can perform a wide variety of actions: PRINT
PRINT "HELLO" PRINT A
PRINT ABS(A ABSIA + + B) PRINT "THE NUMBER"; LOG(VAL(A$)); LOG(VAL
r-o.w ............ '" co.!Io;, 625 I71h Avenue. 6th f Floe*, York, NY NY 10010 1001G
, c:o....mtr.
andeoo.ooutrro COMPUTEI 'I~'''' A ............... .""" '' 010" ''''"' _ _ _
^^^^
COoo. 00I00'VIl1 ' , (;CM>vT'f,' • ..,.,.. COMPUTEI""" Bw*i. COMPUTEli
COMPUTE! books books are are available available In in the the U.K., U.K., Europe, Europe, the the Middle Middle East, East, COMPUTE! and Africa Africa from from Holt Holt Saunders, Saunders, Ltd., Ltd., 11 51. St. AMB's Anne's Road. Road, Eastboume, Eastbourne, and East Sussex Sussex BN21 BN21 3UN, 3UN, England, England, and and In in canada Canada lrom from McGraw·Hi", McGraw-Hill, East
Ryerson Ltd., Ltd., 330 330 Progress Progress Ave Ave., Scarborough, Ontario, Ontario, Canada Canada M1P M1P Ryerson .. Scarbol'ough, 2Z5. 2Z5 .
~~, ~-N-RUN Tim J. Midkiff, Editorial Programmer
Challenge aa friend friend ill fast -paced, action-strategy game for in this fast-paced, tile writ tell entirely i1l the Commodore 64. It's written in machine lallgflage language for rapid play and smooth movement. Two joysticks are required. This two-player action game can be
played at two conceptua conceptuall leve levels: ls: When you first play, play, it seems to be purely an action game-a game—all ll speed and reflexes—but reflexes-but after afte r you and yourr opponent master you master the basics of the game, you'll discover the im importance? porta nce of having having aa strategy. The object of of "Bump-N-Run" " Bump-N-Run" is is to to get get the ball and shoot it into into the other player's course, player's goal. goa l. Of cou rse, your opponent is is trying to do the the same, and and this this is the the conflict which is is the the heart heart of the game.
load the game, type LOAD"BUMPLOAD" BUMP-
N-RUN",8 , 1 {tape (tape users use rs sshould hould N-RUN",8,1 BUMP-N-RUN", J, J) type WAD LOAD ""BUMP-N-RUN",U) and SYS 49152 to begin play. Be sure to have two joysticks plugged RESTORE to exit the in. Press RESTORE
game, and SYS 49152 to replay.
the purple player. The yellow play playby the joystick joystick in er is controlled by port 2. Catch the ball by touching it with your player. Your opponent ca n then steal steal the ball by bumping can into you. The ddirection irection and speed your player travels is controlled by the joystick. When you first push joystick, you move move slowly; keep the joystick,
pushing and you'll accelerate. Press to shoot the ball. the fire button to ba ll is released, released, you you lose When the ball ball continues continues your speed, but the ball with your your previous speed and on with direction. Make sure sure your shot shot is is accurate, because once once you shoot shoot accurate, the ball you can't catch it again un unit bounces bounces off aa wall. wall . Remember til it you can can steal steal the the ball ball from your your that you
Typing Typing It In
any time simply by opponent at any
Bump-N-Run Bump-N-Run is is aa machine machine lan lan guage game, so you mu st use "MLX," " MLX," the the machine machine language language en entry program program found elsewhere elsewhere in this this issue, to to type type itit in. in. Be Be sure sure you you un understand how how to to use use MLX MLX before before you you begin beg in entering entering the the data data for for Bump-N-Run. Bump-N-Run. After Afte r loading loading and and running ru nning MLX, MLX, respond respond to to the the prompts prompts with with the the following: following:
Dne player plllyer has hilS the the ball bal/and is threaten IIlnlllellOne and is illS to /0 score. score. The Tire other olher isis going going to 10 try try to to ing
Starting Slatiing address: add re ss:
COOD COOO
Ending Ending address: addreu:
C6A7 C6A7
As As with with many many computer computer games, games, the the
bumping him. The first player player to bumping
guage game, so you must use
Save Save aa copy copy to to disk disk or or tape tape
when when you've you've finished finished typing. typing. To To AA 44
and each player guarding his own joystick in port 11 controls goal. The joystick
COMPUTE'S COMPUTEt'1 Gazsrte Gllzellit
November Novltmber 1986 1986
score 15 15 goals goals wins, wins, and the the game is is score
steal sleal the the ball ball hi/ by humping bumping his Iris opponent. appallellt.
Bumping And And Running Running Bumping best best way way to to learn learn this this one one is is by by playing playing it. it. The The game game begins begi ns with with the ball ball in in the the middle middle of of the the court court the
reset when when both both players press press the the reset fire button. button. fire Here are aa few more details Here concerning the the physics physics of of the the game. ga me. concerning When players players collide, their their veloci velociWhen ties and and directions directions are are exchanged. exchanged. ties Collisio ns with with the the walls wa ll s cause cause Collisions players to to bounce bou nce back. back. A A player player players may go go beyond beyond the the walls walls only only ifif he he may is pushed pushed by by another another player. player. is
See program prog ramlistillg 011 page page 112. 112. See listing on
U a
m
„-.
■'■■■■
■f
-
M
' -
■
H HH ■ PIS -.-■ ""
"
■
BHpB
Imtiel
-.■■'■
Obstacle 128 Stephen Cheng Here's an example of how to tap the power of BASIC 7.0. It's a a short program and uses 110 machine lallguage-yet th e result is no language—yet the aa fine, [ille, fast, fas t, two-player, hi-res actioll modore action game. For th thee Com Commodore
several strategies to this game, but ho carves in general general the player w who out the most area and commits the (ewest fewest mistakes will be the winner.
"Obstacle 128" is a short two-player two-player arcade-style game fo forr the 128. At a length of roughly lK, IK, it's a much more condensed program than a similar version for the 64 would be. The game concept is not new. It's basicall y a version of the classic basically TrOll Tron game where two light-cycles duel to see w h o survives. Fou who Fourr choices face you as your light-cycle tools around the playing area: Do you move up, down, left, or right? If you make no choice, you continue in the direction in w hich you were which already moving. moving.
The program is divided into three parts: the setup of the screen in lines 10-40, joystick control and graphics in lines 50-200, and sound effects and scoring in lines 210320. Let's look at the program in some detail. In line 10, GRAPHIC 3,1 turns on the multicolor graphics mode and clears the screen. SOUN D SOUND 3,100,30000 generates an incessant beat of a low frequency (100 cycles per second) for 30000 jiffies, so this will last 8 minutes and 20 seconds, enough for the whole game.
128.
Trailing behind each player is aa wall of light, which both must avoid hitting. EventuaJly Eventually one player or or the ot h e r gets trapped in an everother shrinking area and crashes into a wall. The survivor wins one point. After typing Obstacle 128 in,
save aa copy. To play, load it and type RUN RUN.. Be sure to have two joyjoy
sticks plugged in. The first player to accumulate five points is declared the winner. There is some variety in
every battle as the size of the arena changes and the players start movmov
ing in different directions. There are
How It Works
Infocom Lifocom introduces four new gam earn Infocom,'· people Infocom,™ the crazy people who brought you "Zork"® "Zork"® and "The Hitchhikel's Hitclihikers Guide to the Gal",,,; '· has a habit of coming Galaxy,"'" ofcoming up with games that add add a new dimension to interactive fiction. fiction. And the best keeps getting bet better. Case in point: "Leather GodGod tel: desses ofPhobos."11" Ithasa dessesof,Ph?bos:"· It hasa scratch n n' sniff sniffcard and a 3-d scratch cruuand a3~ comic book to excite all your comIc book to eXCIte all yow your mterest interest IS is senses. Once yow'
piqued, you'll embark on a rowdy piqued, romp through through the solar system. This hilruious hilarious spoof ofl930's of 1930's pulp science fiction has 3 "naughtiness lias 3 levels," for the prude pl'llde to the lewd. "Leather Goddesses" is sw'" sure to amuse members of either sex. ofeither sex.
One's One's really really warped. warped.
Then Then thel"'s there's "Trinity."'· "TVinity."™ It It answers the question of whet her ofwhether aa game can be both light-heaIted can be both light-hearted
and profound. Youjowl1ey You journey through through a time warp into a mismis chievous fantasy world where all atomic explosions ar~ '!'~teliare mysteri ously connected. connected. ''llinity' "Trinity" W > 11 THEN THEN
J3—1. 13 - 1. ]3 }3 is is aa flag Oag which which signals Signals whether whether the the player player has has crashed crashed or or not. not. Line Line 110 11 0 updates updates the the position position
of player and the the DRAW DRAW com complayer one, and mand mand puts aa small small dot with with color color 33 on the t he screen scree n representing representi n g the the
height) of of the the arena. height)
to start star t the game. ga me . Lines ready to
Line 40 generates the the locations locations Line and the starting positions of of the combatants in in the the arena. arena. X X and and Y Y combatants are the the x and and yy coordinates for for the the are
50-200 are the main main loop, loop, where all 50-200 the action takes place. The joystick
player. player.
rea ding function (JOY) is quite reading handy. In In line 50, 50, ]1=JOY(1) ]1 - JOY(l) as ashandy.
gous lines lines for player two. two . The oonly nly
x
eSt es. One really smells.
Every package includes an inttgml set ofprvps to fxcile yoursemts and enkante the game.
Castle and get involved with \\,th an eccenbic characters, eccentric cast of ofcharacters, including BJitish British nobility, while trying Mend b-ying to save your best fiiend fi'Om a vengeful ghost. "Moonfc from m6't" offers foul' mist" four distinctly diffel'differ entsets clues, problems, pl'Oblems, ent sets of ofdues, solutions and hidden treasures. So you'll (lie die to replay it again andagam. and again.
and save yow' Oma peryour hide fi' from per manent spot in the freak show, All four are easy to get. you'll need to sb",tch stretch yow' your Simply follow your nose to puzzle-solving skills to the limit. your local software store today. One's really haunting. Wrapping up u^ this new qurutet quartet inFoconv is a classiC classic gothicmystery set in fOT more infonnalion.cal! 1-8)O.2!.i2.(i,S68,.I.. I1F. a haunted castle on the mistOr . ,;Ie louUI Or .write to us at 125 125 CambtidgePark CambrulgeFark Dril"t, Drive, Cambridge,:\I...4. Cambridge, MA 021~O. 02140. slu'Ouded shrouded seacoastofComwall. seacqast of Cornwall. In "Moonmist"" you'll e'']lI01'" In"Moonmist"IW explore the dru'kesl darkest I",aches reaches of'n-esyllian ofTresyllian
InFOCOIft" & Jnfocnjn, Inc. Zork \e a reei'l erol Irak mark anil Ri%-
hwj, TrijiJlJ\ l.palher Goddesses of I 'Fiubci bfill Moonml^L
are tndemuta of J nfoeoir.. Inc, Thp Hilchhik*r> GuidUd t be GlLuy i * i: r. 1 ■■ t ■: - of llou j(la» A dtnu-
Lines 120-180 120-180 are the analo analothing different is is that new variables
CONVERT Y OUR YOUR COMPOSITE MONITOR
T
Digili!k, Inc. Inc.
introduces ihe the Introduces
KGIil Conversion HGRI Con\' ersion
!
"';.---------"==="
System! convert SrS1cm! Now Now you )'Ou can C OIII't'r1 your 1702 composite monilormonitor* \0 to Inll!, true, 1702
100%, full Call three full color RGB] HGBI (all
Huns driven separately)! ilie flip Hip guns drh'Cll serarmely) ! Vfiih \l;ilh the of a switch go /:~J)I and
'/-L:====::J
re· quires quires
no 110 software software
usc of or use
computer computer memory memo!"): With \\"ith
our
nur conversion conl'crsion system your
composite monitor IS IS an an RGB] RGI!I composite monitor. monitor F.ujoy I;nl",' ihe the full potential potential of your your
e12S -. USE use of 80 column columl1 mode, mode, CUB (if the 80
tinthe hij;h high resolution resolution mode mode and and Ihe the full full 1! MHZ MIIZ speed. speed. All All this this with with aa picture picture
quality quailly that thaI equals equals any any factory built buih
com()Onents components
necessary nttessary for lssembl\' included. For those re· assembly are included. re 'lulling hare quiring addilion:d additional assistance we have pw,'idcd a technical lffhnical support number provided 10 C'JIl. V:' arc firmly 10 to call, weC are firmly commlucd committed (0 cuStomer support. support. customer don', wait any all)' longer -— Ret gel So don't
the full use of your \'oor monitor — -
convert conwrt itit to [0 RGB! ReBI with Digfifek, Digi'kk. Inc.'s I nc . ~ RGJII Conversion System! S)'Stem! Just Just send RGB!
S49.9; plus plus S3. 50 for postage and $49.95 S3 ^0
handling. handling. Fur For more information or or 10 10 place your rour order call our customer customer service
line at:11 (813) (8 13) 9.)3·8023, to: line 933-8023, or write to:
DigiTck, Inc., 10415 1041; N. N. Florida Ave., AI·e., DigiTek, Suite (10, Tampa, Suite 410. Tampa, Florida 33612, 3361!.
$;.00 additional charge char}(c There is aa S5.00 for for C.O.D. C.O.D. orders. orders. Dealer Ikaler Inquiries illlluiries welcome. welcome. 'Conversion 'COIwerston available :l\"'Jilable for all com com· posite posite monitors, monitors. write wrile or or call oil for for
fUrlher information. information. further
RGB! RGBl monitor monitor (but (bul for for aa fraction fraClion of of
the the price)! price)!
Our conversion conversion system isis aa hard hard-
ware lI"'Jre add-on add·on and and requires requires minor minor
assembly. assembl): The The system system comes comes com com·
plete plete with with detailed instructions instructions for for converting ctll\ll!rtinRyour )"Our monitor. monitor. Our Our con COI1version I'crslon process process isis simple simple and and easy easy to 10
DigiTek, Inc. 10415 N.Florida Aw, Suite 410 Tampa, Florida .W>1-
(813) 933-8023
are needed to store the data for player two. ... hether either Line 190 tests \whether player has crashed. If so, the propro gram jumps to the scoring section in Jines lines 210-310. 210-310, Line 200 directs the program back to the start of the joystick-reading part beginning beginni ng at line 50 to continue with the movemove ment of both players. The final part of the program contains the routines for scoring, sound effects, and printing crash messages on the screen. Line 210 makes an explosion sound and prints the CRASHED message for player 2. Lines 220-230 detect the rare occurrence when both players crash at the same time. Line 240 prints the CRASHED message fo forr player 1. Line· Line 260 creates another explOSion, explosion, and the computer SLEEPs for one second so that the players can view the screen for a short time. The two scores are concon verted to strings, because CHAR can't handle numeric variables, and printed to the hi-res screen. Lines 280-290 check whether either player has won five matches. If so, a congratulatory message is disdis winner, and the pro proplayed for the winner, gram jumps to line 310. Otherwise 13 14 (the collision flags) are are re reJ3 and J4 set to zero and another another round begins. proThere are several ways pro grammers could modify and en player hance the game. When aa player crashes into aa wall, perhaps you CIRC LE to draw aa series could use CIRCLE mark the the of concentric circles to mark where the the crash happened. spot where fla sh the the hi-res hi-res screen by al alThen flash ternating background colors might (COLOR 0) aa few times. You might to experiment with the the also want to victory song sound effects and the victory the at the end of the game. To make the game more more challenging, Challenging, use use CIR CIRgame CLE or BOX BOX to to put put some some barriers barriers on CLE the screen. screen. The players players would would face face the additional challenge challenge of avoid avoidthe additional the obstacles. obstacles. ing the It wouldn't wouldn't be be especially especially diffi diffito convert Obstacle Obstacle 128 128 to to aa cult to one-player game—you game-you against against the the A simple simple technique technique for computer. A moving the the computer computer player player is is to to moving use RDOT ROOT to to check check for fo r an an imminent imminent use collision, then then pick pick aa right right or or left left collision, tum. A A slightly slightly more more intelligent intelligent rou routurn. to see see which which tine would would look look ahead, ahead, to tine direction has has more more empty empty space. space. direction See program program listing listing on 011 page page 116. 116 . O • See
M\A S TIE R\TRJMIlI C m*
SPEED KING
Rated the best motor cycle race game on the 64/128. Race Commodore 64/128.
on world class circuits against ~inet~en nineteen tough against, competitive can, lpelltlve riders in the acltOn action game 01 of '86. '86. X
Rm*l]
quences yet
■.■•.-"■ ■ ;\ mam
VIDEO POKER The great gamble always » pays off in these realistic
i
-l awesome
;peeds Wou -0% Hi-res
gas poker and
escapes in o« the most
achine
lrca*
games w
RELEASE s
.
-'■
Hunte,
PRO-GOLF
-
A totally realistic joystic
Tolled golf simulation
knocks "all other golf ames into the rough."
Mastertronic programs are now available at all locations of Child World and Children's Palace.
Also featured at good software dealers and locations of Caldor, Crazy Eddie, Gemco, Electronic Boutique, Service Merchandise, and Toys R Us.
MASTERTRONIC INT INC 7 311B GROVE ROAD FREDERICK MD 21701 (301)695 8877
1
■ |
llwnrc i-iiiii i.. mi i ic iii [itoplili i mi! .m.iiiiiibIihi play amlon to ptovlrie v"" IMftl I FlWp llUIUO . i'iii|iuli>r 'iCp|H.V,il|. N'l IptttilAl 'i nili'^ilH1 b
quited la iiiitint v"n' ■ omjiui
talking 'I1"." i■ l'■ coutn
hi ■ ■
Ihl
tutrali inomlnfl h.mih [di • h<knn iiuiK ii Tbol ini tmiutu Capital null Idwui hum loltor Idontltli i'11 hi n
/I baila mii'iiLniir.iv -i"ii Initial i»tiw Mounth ui »w"i lODwendN. Mpntlal relntlonibl}>ii (lalti right, i i l)
FACTSHEET/Ollliin linriINt; 201.934,7373
l,t>tf«un'
iironauni •■ and iiiliiiminrb
|. i i . ] AH ll lh lyrinl, CIlildNU i:»" tVt"' i h»li i i" ii that i "i-11 i i»»i
ixi vk tun vuitii ttiu heytaoaidl ">i"« *■!>■
Hi.
,:. i wa tidadiy I jili
i hlld Ihrauoh
i. luiiiimini i nil mi oil lultt>r
null uilntl " '" " "■>"■>' Typlno ilu> iiuhi lelltn imii
inn,i'.it
ii miuntryatdo IlUw!
Every universe universe conies comes Every complete with a desk. The way way complete with a desk. The to keep keep order orderin inour our universe universe to is with with the the GEOS GEOS Desktop. Desktop. It's It's is just like like your your desk deskat at home, home, only only just without the the coffee coffee stains. stains. without The Desktop Desktop keeps keeps your your art art The and documents documen ts filed, filed, and andcomes comes and
-*■
wmwmm mm nHnam
■
W UNIVERSE Running Running out of of space. With With GEOS, GEOS, that's that's hardly hardly likely. likely. Because Because there's there's endless .endless space space in the the universe universe for new new applications.
with all all the the accessories accessories you you need need with to keep keep you you organized: organized: to
An alarm clock keeps you punctual. A A notepad keeps your memos. And aa calculator keeps your accountant honest. to communicate How to with a new universe. With geoWrite, you can can rearrange your written words. words. Move Move blocks blocks of written copy. Cut and paste. paste. And even display your text in fonts of different styles and sizes, sizes, right on the screen. screen. With geoPaint, you become become a Michelangelo with a mouse.
Sketching Sketching and and painting with with all all kinds of colors, textures and kinds of colors, textures and patterns. patterns. You You can can invert, invert, mirror mirror and and rotate rotate images. images. Insert Insert them them into into your Write documents. your geo geoWrite documents. And And save EOS Photo save them them in in your your G GEOS Photo Album Album for for use use later. later. Finding Finding your your way way through through the the universe. universe. The The most most difficult difficult
Unfortunately, Unfortunately, there's there's only so
much much space space in this this ad.
So zip zip down to your nearest dealer. Tell software dealer. l e ll him you you want to explore the new universe in your Commodore.
thing about a new universe is finding your way around. around. But
with GEOS, you only need to remember two things: things: Point and click. When GEOS offers you options, you just point to your answers and click your mouse or joystick. You Y ou want to draw? Point and click. You want to write? Point and click. You want to fill in that obtuse rhomboid with an air-bru shed air-brushed geometric pattern in a lighter shade shade of pink? Point and and click. click. And in in case case you Easy, huh? And ever ever do do make make aa mistake, GEOS backs backs you you up up with with an an "Undo" "Undo" feature feature that that undoes undoes the the very last last command command you you entered. entered.
" Berkeley H Fl Softworks Berkeley
rM°WX\i.\Q.rt
, ' 4 ,·g·
,
·
.. ,
. rt-. - - , ._._v-_ff.
You uA t* pbflHd 14 bnoiu itj i****f*Ai ft tht poll
nrrw ixHVtlt tf ilit jrnpic
-
JflH HP HUB
If I Qu Qojmi Stil .. III .... So
And if he looks at you like you're some kind of alien, well, just tell him Berkeley Softworks sent you. . The name is universally known. To order, order, cafll call 1-800-443-0100 cxt. 234 234 To .fJ()()443.()lOO ext, GEOS is is just just $59.95 S59.95 GEOS
(California residents residents add add 6, 6.5% sales tax. i.-ix.) (California 5% sales ) $2.50 US/$5,SO US7S5.60 Foreign Foreign for for shipping shipping and and 52,SO hiindlinfi- Allow Allow six six weeks weeks for for delhwy, delivery. handling, Commodore &1 64 and and C64 C64 arc lire trademarks trademarks of of Commodore Commodore Electronic!. Electronics. Ltd, Ltd. GEQS. GEOS, GEOS GEOS Commodorc Desktop, groPaint. jjeaPaint, gcoWrite. geoWrile, diskThrbo diskTbrbo and nnd Desktop. Herkeley Softworks are tradenames tradenames of of llcrkck. ')· Soft ....,orks are Berkeley SOf\ Soft..... works. Berkelcy orks,
Softworks
The The brightest brightest minds minds are are working working at at Berkeley, Berkeley.
THE UNIVERSE Well, we told you it wouldn't be long until the first GEOS applications were ready. And these are just the first. The number of satellites in the GEOS universe is infinite. Judge Font Pack on looks alone. Let's face it. People judge your work not only by what it says, but how it looks. That's why we develdevel oped Font Pack. A A colleccollec tion of 20 different type styles that not only say what you mean, but really look like they mean it. ~ is charming. Boalt is all business. IF'(!]) ll1rlt [Jt:[rn (l!llX{ is financial. And Tenegraph Telegraph is ... hmmm, well, you is... get the point. When you combine these 20 fonts with the Write, five you get with geo geoWrite, your work not only reads ~ ~ Tele 9!,aph Durant mykonos Boalt Boolt.
Harmon Hormon
Ormond LeConte LeConte Pumam Putnam
Slinoi h Superb Tilde n Xiiden
Bowditch
better, it practically speaks for itself.
, .\ L.~ 10 1>:.'lU.. 6-1 • . Ne. ANI)
Look what we found in your desk. You know how there's always one drawer in your desk that's filled with really neat stuff? Well, GEOS has one of those, too. It' It'ss called Desk Pack. The ingenious Desk Pack Graphics Grabber copies graphics from clip art galleries like Print
/'s Co;o.,
Shop, Print Master and Newsroom for use in geo Write and geoPaint. geoWrite The Desk Pack Calendar pops up whenever you need to plan your schedule. And since it's valid until the year 9999, you'll never have to miss one of those swell family
IS EXPANDING. New discoveries reported. The GEOS universe is expanding. expanding* And we'll report each new disdis covery to you as it occurs.
1 In the meantime, add Desk Pack and Font Pack to your GEOS system. And see how much you can explore. 1
•
;■ -*■■:•
1^ -. J I
i
t
■> 1
1
t
r
t
t
w
ii
It
11
M
»
Ii
ir
U
11
19
ii
H
11
H
Jl
17
11
14
11
n •
03 Q3 ES
, .
1
w
1
.
reulllons ever again. agam. reunions
loon There's even an Icon
Editor, which lets you
customize your GEOS file icons with the graphic of
your choice. And when you can't deal with work, Desk Pack
deals the sharpest Black Jack game this side of Vegas, complete with graphics and sound effects.
J-BOO443.()lOO ext. 234 To order. or^ call 1-800443-0100
D Berkeley 1"'1Softworks H
Ucrkeleyy Softworks. Softwfirks.
Fonl Font Pack 529.95 $29.95 De!;k Desk Pnck$34,95 Pack S34,95 (California residents add 6.5% tJ.5% sales tax.) lax.) 52.50 US/S5.5O U5/$5.5O Foreign for shipping and $2.50 shippingand de~\'el)~ handling. Allow six weeks w^eks for delivery. Commodore Ccjmmudore 64 and C64 arc are trademarks of COllunodorc Cortnodore Electronics, Elcclronics. Ltd. GEOS. CEOS. GEOS Deskloph gcoPaint. KPoF^inl, gcoWritc, f^oWritu, diskTurbo disk'liirtxj and Desktop, Berkeley Sofll"m ks are tradcn.l1tlCS Derkclcy Stjftwnrks an.- trade niiinus of
The brightest minds are working at Berkeley. Berkeley,
Super Graphix Includes Includes:: Utility isk Utility D Disk With 27 Fonts And Font Creator
0-
Super Graphix.
GRAPHICS and FONTS plus an 8K BUFFER lor for the Ihe ultimate In performance performance and Graphix Interlace now speed. The XETEC Super Graph llt In lerlace l(or or Commodore Computers now offers a new high In technology with Ihese these fe features: oilers ature s; Buller St Standard • 8K Butrer andard Printing in ting Modes • 10 Pr Internal • J3 In tImal Screen Dumps Extensive • Ext enSive Command Channel
of Slorlng Slofing 2 Additional Fonls • Capable 01 AddlUon.1 Fonts Correct Graphlcs/Tant Ratio tor • Cor rect Gra phics/Tu l Aspect ASpect Rat io for all Major Primers Printers ,II Swilchas with Changes Changns •* 8a Aclive Active SwitChes ConstanUy Constantly Monitored Monitored
Resat Bulton Button to to Ha Halt Printing •• Reset ll Printing
•* Inlernal Internal Fonts Fonts Support Support Supar·scrlpt, Super-script.
from Butler Buffer Irom Switch Sonlngs Settings on on Label Label for for •• SwitCh Quick Referonce Reference Quick Quality Foni Buill Built-in lity Font ·ln • Correspondence Qua
Suggested list $99.95
SutHe,lpl. Subscript Und9rllnlng, Underlining. Bold·tace Bold-face and and Cnoles Choice 01 of 9 9 Pllches Pitches
ter ter and and the the pattern pattern to to be be matched matched on on the the right. right. The The computer computer randomly randomly selects selects blue blue and and orange orange squares, squares, and and places places them them on on the the game game board. board. BeBe cause cause the the choices choices are are random, there there are are over over 500 500 possible possible initial initial configuconfigu rations rations for for each each pattern. pattern. A shing cursor A fla flashing cursor appears appears at at me board the the center of the ga game board when when play begins. Select Select the the square square you you wish to change by moving the curcur sor sor with the joystick to the square square and pressing the fire fire button. Only Only the orange squares squares may be changed. If you press the fire fire button while on aa blue square, square, nothing happens happens.. Choosing one of the four comer corner squares (1, 3, 7, or 9) 9) reverses the color of that square and the three adjacent squares. Choosing an edge square (2, {2, 4, 6, or 8) reverses its color as well as the two adjoining comer corner squares. If you select the center square, its color is reversed and so are the colors of the four edge squares.
Includes life Lifetime Warranty time Werran ty
•
At:I.tt:~.
^^5=^=, Inc. Inc. 12804 / 2804 Arnold Rd. Salina, KS 674011913·827·0685 67401 / 913-827-0685 Rd.l/ Salina.
COMMODORE BRAND SOFTWARE FOR THE 64 AND 128 128 COMPUTERS FOR
BELOW BELOW ORIGINAL ORIGINAL WHOLESALE WHOLESALE PROGRAMMING PROGRAMM ING AIDS AIDS Assembler Assembler
S15 S15
VIDEO VIDEO ARCADE ARCADE Kickman(C] Kickman (C)
Business Business English II English English IIII English English III III English EngliSh IV IV English English VV English
Super Super Expander E~pandor (C) (C)
12 12
Clowns Clowns (C) (C)
55
Pilot Pliol
14 14
Visible Visible Solar Sotar Sysiem Syslom (C) (C)
66
Screen Screen Editor Edilor
12 12
Tooth Invaders Invadors (C) (C) Tooth
66
Blue Blue Print Print fC) (C)
66
Solar Solar Fox Fox (C) (C) Star Star Rangers Rangers (C) (C)
88 88
English English VI VI
88
Math Math I I
EDUCATIONS EDUCATION & LEARNING LEARN ING ABeeC's(C) A Bee C's (C)
S6 56
EZMatch/EZ EZ Match/EZ Count Count
66
Viduzzles(C) Viduzztes (C)
WhatsNext Wh ats Ne~1
66
Satan's Satan's Hollow Hollow
Fisfimetic Fishmetic
66
INFOCOM INFOCOM MIND MIND GAMES GAM ES Zork Zork IIII
$11 5"
Triad Triad
10 '0 99
Chess Chess
10 .0
Rail/Speedway Rally Speedway
10 '0
Suspended Suspended
11
Starcross Starcross
11
NOTE NOTE: ALL ALL SOFTWARE SOFTWARE IS IS ON ON DISK DISK EXCEPT EXCEPT WHERE WH ERE NOTED NOTED WITH WITH AA (C) (C) WHICH WHICH IS IS ON ON CAR CAR·
11
TRIDGE. TRIDGE .
Zork Zork III III
Deadline Deadline
11
" "" "
ORDERING OROERING INFORMATION: INFORM ATIO N: For For fast last delivery deliver~ send send cash cash·
English VII VII English Math IIII Math Math Math III III
Math IV IV Math Math V MaihV Math Math VI VI Math Math VII VII
Math VIII VIII Math Science I I Science Science IIIt Science Science III III Science Science IV IV Science Technology Technology
iers lers check check or or money money order order. Personal Personal checks checks allow a low 33 weeks weeks History History to to clear. clear. COD COD charges charges S3.00. 53.00. Please Please add add 5% 5% (or for shipping shipping Games GamosIIIlll and and handling handling with with aa S3.00 $3.00 minimum. minimum . Florida Florida residents residen ts please 5% sales sates tax. tax. All All goods goods are are new new and and factory facto rysealed, sea te d.All All sales salesare are final. final. please include include5%
S S && RR MARKETING MARKETING PO. RD.BOX BOX9597 9597 CORAL CORAL SPRINGS. SPRINGS ,FL FL 33075-9597 33075·9597 56 56 COMPUTE!'! COMPUTErs Gazelle G,,~"ft" November Novembef 1986 19B6
22
J3
4
•
55
6 6
7 7
8 3
9 9
Don't worry if at first it takes aa Don't
PUBLIC DOMAIN DOMAIN PUBLIC $5 S5
1
53 S3 33 33 33 33 33 33 3 3 3 3 3 3 33 33
33 33 33
long time time to to solve so lve the the puzzle. puzzle. long There's no no limit limit to to the the number number of of There's you can can make. make. A A message message moves you moves \vill inform you when you solve solve the will rn games games 2-5, 2-5, be be careful ca reful not not puzzl e. In puzzle. to change change all all the the squares squares to to blue. blue. IfIf to
you do, do, there there are are no no legal lega l moves moves you available-remember, you you can't can ' t available—remember, blue square—and square-an d the the re ve rse aa blue reverse ga me ends. ends. It's It's suggested suggested that that you you game tackle game game 11 {UNI-COLOR} (UNI -COLOR) first. first. tackle It's the the easiest easiest of of the the five. five. When When It's you've mastered mastered this this one, one, try try the the you've others. others.
33 33
33 33
33 33 33 33
TOORDER ORDER CALL CALLTOLL TOLL FREE FREE TO
1-800-523·4874 1-800-523-4874 IN FL FL CALL CA LL 305-685-5423 305,685·5423 IN ElETWEEN9am . 4p m E.T MONDAY MONDAY- ·FRIDAY FRIDAY BETWEEN 9 a.m -■ip.m.E.T
Strategy Strategy
You'll probably probably develop develop your your own own You'll but ifif way of of solving solving the the puzzles, puzzles, but way you can't ca n't seem seem to to get get anywhere, anywhere, try try you
to establish establish some some sort sort of of symmetry sym metry to on the the board board and and then then make make moves moves on maintain that that symmetry. symmetry. This This which maintain which
will make make itit easier easier toto solve solve the the puz puzwill zle, since since all all the the goals goals are are symmetri symmetrizle, cal. cal.
See program program listings listings on 0 11page page 117. 117. ®GI See
NUMBER ONE ARCADE HITS...
--V-
i
FOR YOUR COMPUTER. tan
you
Put PIn on on your your black black belt belt and and challenge challenge your your
AS the the crack crack shot shot COMMANDO,' COMMANDO: battle bailie As
Prepare your life.. Prepare for 'or the tlle fight of oryour life ." .you
friends 'rlends or the the computer computer through through nine nine
overwhelming ove1Whelmln9 odds odds 10 to defeat ddelt advancing ad'Vam:'n9
the KUNG-FU KUNG-FU MASTER-' MASTER,"' Battle a.ntJe the the are the
picturesque plctUT~ue settings settings In In this this leading Ield'ng MarllaJ Martial
rebel forces. Armed rebel'orcl:$. Armed with only only aa machine machine
evil forces 'otces through through the the five five dangerous evil
Arts Aru Game Game to to become bftome the the KARATE KARAT£"
gun gun and and hand hand grenades, grenadl:$,you you must must break bl'eak
floon In In the lhe wizard's wizard's castle astle to to rescue rescue the the floors
CHAMP. Commodore 64"/l 28 CHAMP, For Fot the theCommoclore 64'°"28
through the the enemy enemy lines lines to to reach reach the the fort fortthrough
captive apdve fair 'air maiden. malden. For FOl' the the Commodore Commodore
and Apple IIII -■ Series. and the the 48K ..8KApple Ser'es.
reu. For For the the Commodore Commodore 64'"/) 6" ~1I 28. 28, ress.
6,,"/ 128 and and the the 48K ..SK Apple Apple ll» II" Series. Serles, 64"7128
or
Apple i\pple and ~nd Commodore C""","""",c 64 M are "'" trademark* lf~dem", k . of ..1Apple Apple Com C""" puter. Electronic!. tnc. and and Commodore Commod",,,llIrn,onJ .. , Lrd. Lid. respectively. ,c. pecttvely• p uler, Inc.
■• I< Data i under Capcom 0~1" EM Em. USA. U~ Inc. Inc. Md Mid. """e , Ikeme tlfe~ frnoi I 'omCapc"", USA. ■• *• 9 Carp. Mid. ~ Irani tremCDrp. Mid. under under llcenic lI.ema by b~ Oala DII.II If ,m '''1 USA. UYl, im. Inc.
"~
.CATA
~ "EAST
DATA EAST EAST USA, USA, INC. INC. DATA
470 Needles N eedles Drive, Orlve, San Scm Jose, Jose, California Call'ornla 95112 95112 470 [408| 286.70/1 140S1286·7074
1:. 198o 1981> Data Dllla East Elln USA. USA- Inc. Inc. All All rights rights reserved. reserved, 0
Vizawrite Classic 128 Vizawrite Classic Classic 128-written 128—written by by Kevin Vizgwrilt author of of Omniwn"ltr Ommwriter 64 64 and ViLacy, author zastar 64-may 64—may Just just be be the the most most powerpower ZIlS/lIr
ful word word processing tool presently ful available the avai lab le for th e Commodore 128. to imagine imagine needing a Frankly, it's hard to word processor to do something that Vizawrite cannot do. Besides having all Vizawrilt the standard word processing features expect, such as that users have come to expect. moving, copying. copying, and deleting blocks moving. of texti text; searching searching and and repladng replacing words words of centering, justificajustifica and phrases; and centering. Vizawrite tion, and highlighting of text, VizQwrite has many extraordinary features. Those news letter-like include the ability to do newsletter-like columns, IIa glossary glossary of of frequently frequently used used columns, insertion, words and phrases for quick insenion, onscreen highlighting of text (boldface onscrcen for and/or underline), and automatic formatting of each page as you type. Ex Exenhancements, cept for certain text enhancemen ts, Vizawrite is a " "what such as italics, Vizawrile what you see is what you get" word processor, permitting onscreen what pennitling you to see onsaeen your document will look like when whe n printed Vizawrite has over printed out. Vizawrite over 59K of text memory, enough for aa 25-30 page document. Of course, course. the program can link link multiple multiple files files for for creating creating extra extra long long documents. documents. To To top itit off, off, all all of of these these features featu res are are in in the the 128rs 128's 22 MHz MHz fast fast mode mode and and are are displayed displayed in in 80 80 columns. columns. In In addition addition to to these these many many ad advanced vanced word processing processing features, features, ViVi· zawrite zawrite provides provides a great degree deg ree of control and flexibility over the system. system. You can easily easily customize the the display d isplay colors colors to to your your own own choosing, chOOSing. and and when when aa screen sc reen is is customized customized and and the the file file saved saved to to disk, disk, the the color color choices choices are are saved saved along along with with it. it. A A built-in built-in calcula calculator tor with with memory memory isis available available from from aa sin sin · gle gle keystroke, keystroke, as as well well as as online online help help windows windows that that you you can can customize. customize. A A full full range range of of disk disk commands commands is is available available from from within within the the program—you program-you can can for format mat new new disks; disks; save, save, scratch, scratch, and and verify verify files; files; and and perform perfonn any any DOS DOS commands commands available available from fro m BASIC BAS IC 7.0 7.0 (such (s u ch as as switching switching aa 1571 1571 from from single-sided single-sided to 10 double-sided double-sided format fonnat and and vice vice versa). versa). Vizawrite VizQ wrile allows allows you you to to take take full full advantage advantage of of your your printer's printer's capabilities capabilities by by employing employing aa "printer "printer profile" profile" sys system tem allowing allowing you you to to create create aa custom custom printer printer profile profile to to meet meet the the exact exact needs needs 58 58
COMPUTE!1! COMpuTEr, Giuode ~lltttit
November NovembfIr 1986 1986
of your your printer. The The program then al· aiof lows you you to to go go through through an extensive extensive se· se of options to to define exactly exactly what ries of you want e's use of want to print. print. VizQwril Vizawrite's of the the printer is so so extensive, however, that setting up a file file to print the way you setting take some time initially. Se· Be want may lake tween working through all the options appropriate and figuring out which are app ropriate forr use with your printer and the docudocu fo ment in question, preparing to print is not Simple. simple. Fortunately, once you've completed the exercise, your choices can be saved with the file file.. I1 found it useful to set up the desired printing opop tions (and screen colors) and save a blank file to disk. Then before creating a new document, Ii load in the blank file containing the desired options and save the time an d trouble of setting up the and document. options for every new document. An additional printing capability of Vizawrite VizQ w rite is its built-in built·in proportional and near·letter· quality (N LQ) fonts. The near-letter-quality (NLQ) fou r different propor proporprogram offers four tionally tionally spaced fonts and three different However, 1I could cou ld not get all NLQ fonts. However, of the proportionally spaced and NLQ fonts to work with my Epson printer. only permit pennit 49-1/2 Also, the NLQ fonts only lines per page, as opposed to the stanstan dard 66 lines per page. page. The fonts that The fonts Epson looked ex exworked with my Epson ViZQwrite tremely good. In fact, the Vizawrite user's manual was produced using using the the user's program's NLQ NLQ fonts, fonts. program's price of such such power power Usually, the price and versatility versatility in a word word processor processor is is and complexity complexity and difficulty of of use. use. How How· ever, Vizawrite VizQwrite does does an an admirable admirable job job of of ever, making making itself ilself relatively relatively easy easy to to use. use. Vi Vizawrite zawrile utilizes utilizes aa command command bar bar at at the the top top of of the the display display screen screen and and drop dropdow n menus menus for for most most file, file, disk, disk, print print· down ing, ing, and and utility utility commands. commands. To To activate activate the the command command bar, ba r, simply simply press press the the Commodore key; key; then Ihen use use the the cursor cursor Commodore and RETURN RETURN key key to to drop drop aa particular particular and menu down down into into its ilS subcommands. subcommands. menu From there, there, you you again again use use the the cursor cursor From and and RETURN RETURN keys keys to to activate activate the the de de· sired subcommand. subcommand. However, However, once once you you sired become become familiar famil iar with with the the commands commands available, available, you you can can employ employ aa much much fast fast· er command command execution execution by by simply simply press presser ing ing the the Commodore Commodore key key and and then then the the key key corresponding correspond ing to to the the first first letter letter of of
the rds rep resenting the ired the wo words representing the des desired command command and and subcommand. subcommand. The nds The word processing processing comma commands are are fairly fairly standard, using using function function and and control control keys. keys. There arc are two quirks quirks thai that may may represent represent differences differences between between EuEu ropean and and American command command concon ventions. First, the DElete DELete key erases the character on which the the cursor is placed placed.. Second, commands executed with the CONTROL key (such as CONTROL-E, which begins and ends the boldfacing of a portion of text) are acac comp lished by pressing CONTROL complished and releasing it, then pressing the E key. The most common convention rere quires holding down CONTROL while pressing the other key to complete the command. The fonnatting formatting of text is accomaccom plished by the use of embedded codes and what Vizawrite VizQwrile calls a forlnQI format lineline— a dotted line that appears above the text to be manipulated by the desired for formal mat commands, such as tabs, margins, line spacing, column setting, and page break~ . Additionally, Additionall y, special printer p rinter breaks. codes can be defined on a fonnat format line, 10 embed the neces neces· allowing the user to sary codes in the text to produce special te)(1 enhancements, such characters or text as international international characters, characters, italics, italics, and super· or or subscripts. superWhile the embedded codes, format While f
r|> ("",n, INFOWOKLD ""a 0 "must have" in an ideal software library"
-- ELECTRONIC LEARNING
"".., .. . most powerful of packages" ofpackages" - COMMODORE MAGAZINE -
"PaperClip "PaperCIip is a a logical evolutionary step forward." forward." --AHOY AHOY
""... ... facts facts attest to its excellence!" -- FAMILY COMPlmNG COMPUTING
PAPERCUP ATARI ST PAPERCLIP EUTE ELITE roR FOR THE ATARIST and COMMODORE AMIGA •■ Go beyond word·processing, word-pro cess ing, with wilh idea processing, texVgraphics processing, text/graphics integration, integration, real-time
spe spellll checking, independent variable columns and so much much more. Look for PaperClip PaperCIip Elile. Elite. Coming soon.
~
BAlTERlES BATTERIES INCLUDED
...
IlAITIlUG lMU.V€U. on rf)I , _ _ • "'. . .,rV,, So ... ~i Ilk ........... I .,' "~ Mi. II .o... ■ .,i , lIo. ,,. C-...do. f ■ , lAB IM ( ~ 1 1~ 1 .al 1 . c.""... Inh> ..... 1oa ( ., ~)88 , .$8 , m )'OO N*yt Fuv? lit< e .. |*lts( VTrllun by (us. 0""'). f o. _ a.""... ""'_ al ..~ ...... ,...... ",Ioa uF vuurprogram lor rHurnlnflthtoriglnaidlUandllOQQ.Wrlir f> u* ,tor » ur holl lull color rtliloflafprfHluel the oU'I'lJ:..uoft.[ AfTLE. ",""" . . t .... rlll""' d .... ...." "'_'0.' ...... Pf'Od "'" star 10..... !oUC1'>TOSII.... To\RI.ATAIU!if. , ATARI, A1AJU 5T
Pf'OCI"" _'"
Pf'OCI"""
,,0.0'.
Pf'OCI"",,.,. "'.
""""'''oaIot:of
COMMODORE, COMMutMlftt. AMKM, A.M) (flM MMTAG. ~. ~A."' GA.A.''OIlJ.'' nlm"..\IS.
of,..,.. _",",
Il _ .... MAC;L'
DISKETTE
,
SURGE
T JBflTECTOR
^ MAILER/CARRIER
villa.. 11 iiiu
♦ PHil.jNi ICr. ! KILUllil BI 17 Hi Ml 111 ]? 9] =PRLiQ« IS'J LJ »J1 **
irieeONt r*ncpso« hi fu iiic -mutc i4th* iz nisu
*FTI0»ON^ rOlrlPPlt IHltEVrlUllH
Expands lo meet your needs:
CIldM PBOWHirE-
"Flirt PFfOTECT TtES. bIiIH 1110 Libi H DO L0C4 l*b^ 14
- :
:
I
'
J
"
j
*
1 channel A' D plug-In conversion modulo: 130. Bctiannol A'O plug-In conversion module: 145.
* DS/DD COLORED .DISKS from h
User Manual Includes Instructions, sample programs S diagram! ol lypjcal hookups. BH100 !'■;■■■
iim.V Si.1 '.
Beginner') Module wlln B lED'S, 8 IwllchM On0 1 rolay: |25. Beginner's UO Inlnrlaca Course Book:
|19.
BW100. Beginner's Modulo ano1 Course Booh:
j^
1h> IB- PC. ^["-.D-.E.bH-L A»« II HAfk CtifiTitlff. 1KV» IOC «9L HOW TU
i
SM CJ
!l/OTIac P,O.Bm70 Poi.rlum.NT I36T6 (315)36114350
WNITECH
JOJ MUHLEr - t i | . : ATUPrJDCf. MAD2T4J^I»
(800)343-0472
4.
$39.95
BBS 64 or 128
•*■ V
Tfiese 'fe &*B lull full pe, performance IhaE Intlud Include the oolions options 0□■1 Ille the ~big Tllese ' o.m,ne. BBSs "'I! • •all11 1M Ig
boards Including including lOOil200 30W12QQ Wud, baud, "mOil remote .~cus. accoss, p.(nl printer oclions, 10 10 (, levels bolle,. •• ollllons, ••Is ol secu.lly. security. X·Mod X-Modom-New S Mld"'UI"m Mldwesterm P,OIOCO( Protocols Ttieso p.opro 01 ..... N.... PPunier ... nl" & • . Til." use one o. or ltwo disk drJ drives, are easy lo •• set1 UP up .nd and 'run. Anyone ClndO can do ..ms uSlon. ... odIS~ .... .... lIy to un An)'O'll ggrams
" N-CODER&D-CODER N·CODEA & D·CODEA
$29.95 o.cod,.
These II. are MlGnln. Machine I.Ingu'gt Language Illlpef helpers should Tllese . .everybody . .ryDOdy ,no ... ld hhava. •••. O-Codsr reads d.1I daia .Ighl right 0(1 off III, ihe d disK and g,.ts gives yo you translation of lIell each 'Ud, l.~ lno ....ann EEnglish ~IIs1'1 u .nsl.,1on 01 command Cln Can De oe uM(lIO used to ,examine any M.tllin Machine language programs arocomm.fId. .. ml,,* .ny ... ngulg. l>'OII .. ml P.oleciion routines N.coo N Coder MAKE CHANGES IN IN "'''CMI MACHINE .. ALLOWS YOU TO MA KE CH"NGES NE IK lion .oull"". LANGUAGE PROGAAM$ PROGRAMS . RIGHT FLIGHT ON ON THE DISK. OI5K Now oolh programs are LANGU"GE bolll III011"m •••• included in on. one p,~ pnea Incl ... o.d In
GRAPHIC LABEL GRAPH IC LABE L MAKER
$$24.95 24.95
This program will "10 allow you 10 lo use g"ph graphics provided 0.or uSi use you. your Prlnl Print SIIOP Shop TIlls 1I1011 •• m ",III .. YO'" lc, p,,,,'d.., Graphics when print your ItDeIl labels. II It also works "','lIlhe wMh Ihe xxx XXX JlI!'" Haled 0.,. Dala Gllpll ie ... 1I.n you 11"'" .'to"'o.~. Dish XXX All you "" hava to dO do I. is Innll insert 3 3unesof men ellOOH choose 1111 tna IIlelure piciure Ols~ xxx. ... 10 1Intso lltext .. ,I,.,.n want 10 lo 'un run Ih.n. ihan, prim and YOUl your don. done. pIli'll ,nc you "'1'11
A·COPY and TOOLS 64/128 641128 A-COPY MAGNUM LOAD
$29.95
Magnum Load is a new replacement 10.for I". (fie KERNAl kernal flOM ROM lor both ma C-64 M.gn ... m lwCI ..... wreplleemlnl bolhl"'C&I C-12B. Magn Magnum Load ... will increase you. your $Old load speed by Bx '.1111 lasier In most mosi or cnll. ... m Lo.c ,IIInc:",,", by 6, cases 11 it ... will load 11111' lasier Ih.n (nan FIlILo.d FasiLoad 0.or Mien Macfi $ 5 Unlike Fastioad and ,11 10111 Unl,~e FnllOlC Mach 5, usinn Magnum Load allow! your carl'ldoe port lo be 'res lor olner M.eh $ , .... ,ng M.gn ... m LOld .110.... yOU' e.mldgl POri 10 De I." 10' Oln" use. "M
U,,'
$24.95
PHOTOCOPY PHOTOCOP Y
Til ls 1. •.., COllier 1111.a compl" e I" lln II. This is ,11. the 11111 llrBt lull 1111" featured copier ... with complete aol 01 of 1001, lools 10 lo go ... with It. Til'" Tharo ,re ar« nonIClIlIIO' 13111 IM.n I... PI" m.,,, ,re b~llIl~ none belter or 1 fasier than " A ,COP Copier Parameter are buitt fn .nd and .equlre require no.r:lr:llllon,l no additional lIme rime sp.nl 100 ~ lng for jOt 1111 flan p."mall, .. LlKE "lL TME REST REOUIRE ... apont looking ihe rightl parameter LIKE ALL THE REQUIRE... TIl. uy 10 w lll ""'~ 1111 0", The cop'-. copier I. is lull1,ulom,lIc. fully automatic, lU lastI 'nd and .easy to UII. use This Th>s copler copier will work ... wilh one or lwo' two l!oIls ... I~l1lln IU 0.128 • . 01".' ..!u'u incluC . ... Ful Fill 1541s d,,"" drives or or,..1571s in 1111 the 04 or 128 mOd mode Other m,jOt maior Ifeatures include...Fast File CollY. ... AlIgnm.nl • and; Ind Drlv. Copy. Humon. Hesmon. Dr Drive Alignment Pl-g Prg.. OhKIry Directory + Drive Monitor. Lilt 01 ol ■ fulum ..viDibit ,It.bll IIIIU'" Llil A-Copier Fast fl', File Colli" Copier " ,Colli" FUI Ofl •• Alignment Hesmon by Heawaro Dfiwe Ahgnrnenl Pl-g. Prg. HISIIIOf'I by H ..... " W.III Oi'Klory Directory • Write Pl-OIKI Prolecl Bootmakor Unnew Program 8ooIm,~" Un ...... 'a P'OII •• m R.p, I, .a Track T"e~ Drive Monitor Repair Orl •• Manila' 10 ~ See Form., Formal n", package Plt~.g. is tnl IIKI I•• lools •• II,bl. at II any .ny "';" Tills PIC~.g, I", This Ihe moll mosi .elfoctive tools ,available price. This package ,also cornes ufld"'"no tnlnull comes wllh. with a compllli compteie I"Y eoiy tG to understand manual lor.1I lor ail IIIOII"ms programs listed
Photocopy i£ a PnoICCOllr II •
graphics inl integration program uled used lo transport 'fOU' your gllpf'lle. ..... ,1on 11I0Il"'" to If.n'pOfl favorite graphics Irorn on. One lI'OII"m program to.nol".' lo another,. IT can converl Print SIIop Shop 10 lo r''''''''lg"pnICllrom It c.nCo ....'" Prlnl N....!foom. HI,Ru N..... room Pnotocopy..",u 1111 •a Newsroom, Hi-Rea 10 lo Pronl Print Sl'Iop Shop 0.or Nowsroam Pholocopy works ... wMh variety of doodle, Flexidrsw, Magic. a Graphics '."Ily 01 files lilts dOOCIlt. FI..IC ..... Prlnl Shop, SIlOl), Screen Sc."n Mlgle. llpll ic. Qasic Basic and .nd Compulor-ayos Compul" " rll
+
C-64/128 C·64/1 28 TERMINAL TERM INAL PACK. + WARGAMES AUTODIALER
$39.95
$29.95
This package...I! This is Is aa full featured fe atured package ... 1t has EVERYTHING EVERYTHING already
included. Included. There's Swifterm Swllterm 64, 64. Swllterm Swilterm 128, 128, and WarGames
Autodlaler S 138. 128. Features include Include up/down up/down Autodialer for lor both both the 64 & load wllh New Ne ..... Punter, Punter, X-Modem, X·Modem, and Midwesterm. Mldwe sterm. 29k buffer, bu ller, load with 300/1200 30011200 baud, baud. printer dump, dump, phone phone book, and and auto dial dial to lew. name aa few.
THE SOFTWARE PROTECTION PROTECTION HANDBOOK HANDBOOK
$29.95
Over 250 pages pBgBS that thai cover covel software softwBre protection, protection, copying, pro pro, and unprotect unprotect software, software, and and the the legalities tegallUes involved. Involved. This Th is tect and FOURTH FOURTH EDITION EDITION includes Includes Track Trap, Trap, Ihe the most mosl unusual unusual and inovative Inovallve protection protection analysis analysis tool tool for the C-64 C064 yet! yel! This This addi addi· tion an BK 8K block of of data data (a whole track track at tlon will will allow allow you you to to load load an
SPECIAL DEALS HESMODEM 11 with QUANTUM LINK wlih QUANTUM LINK
.
$19.95 S 1 9.95 $ 5.99
''''''''
$12.95 $12.95
"""."
DISK NOTCHERS NOTCHERS ... . . " " . " DISK 128 128 40/80 COLUMN
ADAPTER with wlih SOUND SOUND ADAPTER 10 10 FOOT FOOT LONG
DRIVE CABLE CABLE ........... DRIVE
. ... . $ 7.95
lor a time) limB) Into the drive, drive, then then sends sBnds itIt over to the computer (or a modification modlflcallon before bBfore saving saving itIt back to 10 the the disk. disk. This This allows allows you you to virt ually any any track. track. to copy copy virtually
Dnsler 0.. 11' and Ind Dlsitrllmtor OIII,IIMIIGr InquirBB Inqulr.. Invltad. In,lIed,
Enclose Enclose Cashiers Cashiers Check. Check, Money Money Order Order or
Personal Personal Check. Check. Allow Allow 22 to to 66 weeks weeks for lor
delivery. delivery.
M.00 S H ill ordan U .OO SS, Mon 01'1.11 o.d ...
Soli...... Submlilloni
Sot tin* r* Sub mil i!on ■ iIMlted in I tod
~
sa
To place pllCI your your order orotr Cy by phone ptIQne Call CIII (208) (2Oe) 6877178 881.11111 To or in in Canada Cln.d. call CIII (70S) (TOS) 7488081 741H0111 or FOI mail mall Orders: OrdelS For
MegaSoft MegoSoR,; 0 Bo80~ 1080 1080 PP O Bailie BaUia Ground. G'OUnd. WA WA 98604 986O-LOOK
List $I" S199
SOFTWARE
ac:all Mm
ro. U!Aoe.
MAC'( MACH '(0 ) (C) .. .. ..
MACII MACH III 121
to (Cl .... ..
TJl.NTl( E (0) TENTH FMM FRAME ID) . KBOUM
, .. ~~l~~~;L"
~
ACE OF ACES (D)
DAM BUSTERS (D)
ACCOLADE FOOTBALL ID) FIGHT NIGHT (Dl HARDBALL ID) LAW OF THE WEST (D| KILLED UNTIL DEAD (D)
II4.W U.M IJ.M
•. • ... . . . . . . .. • ..
II.M
III.M II.M
II.M II.M
II.M ...U.M U.M
eesMi SUPER HUEV II ID)
TALLADEOA
III.M
(D)
II.M
BEYOND FORBIDDEN fORF-ST (D)
S91.M .. · . .. . . . . .. .. .......... 13 1."
ROADWAR WOO ID) BATTLE OF ANT1ETAM (D) GETTYSBURG (D) MECK BRIGADE (D) NAM (D) U.S.A.A.F. {D> KAMPFGRUPPE (D) WAR SHIP [D>
fU.M JI.M M.M J5.M U.M M.M M.M M.M
,
H.M
............ ." ...... ..... '1 ;15."
"i ,... . . . . .,. . . . . .
......... '~;;:::. ..... . .. . ... .................. 5." ....... ...;;u." 115."
..... ................................ .. .... .... .... .............. .... »... ;15."
SAROON I! (D)
SAT MATH (D) SAT PRATICE TEST (D)
w
:~~, C'U'D"
ACCOUNTANT. INC. C11* ID) DESK MANAGER (D) KIDPROQUO(D) MODEL DIET (D) TRIO Ct* (D>
•MNNAKU
.-
"."
».M
Nu " Papn Piper ClIp Clip
......, ""'" CoNIIL1.IIni Coniuliam
Leader Board The Print Prim Shop Bop ''N' N' W'aUc Wrestle SUpc1' Super Hiit)' Huey Vokc Voioc Conunand Command Modllle Module NiM Nine PrI_ Princes In in Amber Super ao.-L Bowl Sunday Flip and FUr Flic OIJk Diik Filer
LI ot •I U
5 lie S.le
Coupon
M».9S S" .9' $$9.9S H9.9S $)9.9'
134.95 S)4 .II' S)4.II' SJ4.9J J22.9J S22.II'
129.9! S29.II' S29.g, 129.93 UI.U S21.93 S2J .II' 123.93 SI8 .g, 118.93 S1 1.g, 111.93 l ).t.g, 134.93 119.93 SI9.1I' S1 7.g, 11T.93
$44.93 $44.9'
nJ39.95 9.9S S1 9 .9S m.95 S19.93 S79 .9' SJ2 .g, S32.9J
IS3J.00 H .OO JI4.9J 124.9'
Par1yW.n Party Ware
I119.9) I9.g, JI9.9J SI9 .9'
Flnandlll Financial Pll1111Cf Planner H.rdbllll Hardball
$049.9, J49.93 $29.9) U9.9'
Pro JOYl1lck Joyuick
Owl Duii Cover
C64 CM Troubiah.oot Troublahool A Rcpalr Repair Qulck Guide
ISB.91 U S
124.93 124.9'
$27.11' J27.95
SIII.II' S19.95 SI2.1I' SI 2.9)
J39.93 $311.11' ISJ.95 no.II'
I III.~ J19.9J
S14.9J 11'.11' S I2.~ I12.9J
SI 4.1I' 114.9J S3.93 " .~
S29.II' JM.95 JP.93 Si 7.1I' 112.IIS J12.93
S12.g, 112.93 SIO.OO S1O.00 119.93 9.11' Sl.g, IJ.93 SlUJ 123.93 116.9S 11«.93 I110.93 IO.IIS
(5«0_ 100 coupon ilenu in oorcaWo,.} our altlof.) (See over IOOcoopo/lltnm
Wri Ie te or C a II ffor or samp Write Call sample
, ,,. Mt.M
. . . .. . . .. .. . ... . ..... ;W.91 M.M
. . .. . .... . . . . .. ... , •• U.M 11.91 U.M .... .... . .. .. . .. ..... 11.91
............................
DELTA DRAWING (O
NUMIIPH TUMBLERS (Q SEA SPELLER (C) UP A ADD-EM*ord«ri, 1 day »xpr*n mall. Priest & Availability tubl*ct 1o cKanga wlrhout nolle*. Hardware ihlpplng prlcn vary according 1o wtlghi. Pl.ciit call far amouni. C.O.D. on phona srdart mil,.
Special Software
M.M M.M
........................."
In U.S. Dollan. WE DO NOT EXPORT TO OTHER
VISA—MAIT1B CARD—C.O.D.
U.M JT.M II.M
.. ..... .... w."
Add 13.00 for ihlpplng. handling, and Jnturanc*. Illiroli r«ll Uni, pl.ai. odd 6%% •aid uii Add 16.00 for CANADA. PUERTO RICO. HAWAII. ALASKA. APOFPO
orcttrt. All •»
4.H
. . . .. ...... I.»» T.91
FLIGHT SIMULATOR 11 II (D! \01 »ET ID) FOOTBALL 1D> BASEBALL {D) I.I.I.
HUTMN
(EXAMPLES)
PROFESSIONAL SOIFTI/l Am SOFTWARE COMMODORE 64
VERBAL (D) li(~~ ,;;"'..... "' .''. ..' ..''''''' ' .''. ..... '''''".' .••' .' H.M Special Software ::: I SAT :~~~i • .. . . .. .. . .... . . ...... 11•• ••"91 . ._ _ _ _ _ _ Coupon! Couponl ... , ... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _•
U.M U.M
. . . . .••. ..•...... ...............
*.M ............ t." . .. ... ... .. S"I." ».W ............ ... ......... t." f."
.. .... ... ......... u. ................... ................... 11..""" ......... ...... ......... ..............'1
Same features as the above modem mode m along with C· 12S mode aand nd 1200 Baud speed. list C-128 List $)99.00 S199.00 SALE $19.95 S79.95
A cr IO~ PACK (0) ACTION ID| ........ .... . .. .... .. . L EAOEA BOARD IIOA.O (0) LEADER (D) .. , . .... . . .. . . .. ... .. ..... II.SES FOR LEADRK IIOAIIO COO COURSES BOARD (0 |D)) .. . .......
~~;~:~"" ...
PARTY WAREID) WARE WITH ALL KIT (D)
1200 BAUD MODEM
~
.......
I:
Easier to use than dialing your telephone. dialing from dialing rom ddisplay isplay fhigh
Features on-line clock, !r~~~d~ capture: and keyboard, on-line capture clock,
prices!
__ ...·····::::::::::::'ll::I . ... ......: : ::::::.....:: 13." ~::
12.M U.M WINTER OAMES ID) U.M WORLD OAMES ()14.M (D) WORL KARATE (D) WORLD U.M WORLD'S GREATEST FOOTBALL(D) U.M MOVIE MONSTER (D)
$29 95 to use than dialing your telephonc" •
....... .......
CHAMPIONSHIP WRESTLINO (D)
JI.M
.. ....•." :::::::.:.::::::::: . . . .. f." M.M I.M 4.W «.»
PHONE ORDERS
88 am CST pm eekdays a.m. C.S.T. Weekdays . . -- 88 p.m. . .. . .W a.m. ·-12 C.S.T. Saturdays Saturdays 99 a.m. 12 noon C.S.T. (312) 382-5244 (312) 382-52-44
T HE PROTECTO THE PROTECTO WARRANTY
~~!~~,~~
All Protacto'i product* carry o minimum 90 day warranty. II anything fallt within 90 dayi from tha ttuto of purcfiai*, (Imply »nd your product to u* via UnliBtl Parcal Servk* prapaid. Wa will IMMEDIATELY (and you
a raplacamant at no charga via Unltad Parcel Sarvlca prapald. Thl' Thlt
prove. om« again that Wm lav* Our Cuttommn. warranty provai
SUPER DEALS (312) 382-5244 TO OKDKR ,
PRINTER/TYPEWRITER
.-- ---_. ~
COMBINATION
~.
~~
'" . ' . ..·.t. .•..•.; -; _ '
I
COMMODORE 128 COMPUTER
COMMODORE 64 COMPUTER
$289.00 LiUMS399 n "99
3-'-'»i/U LislS299 $99.00*Lb"' 99
This powerful 128K computer ha.s has three
mode5. modes. One for C-64 software, one for C· C128 software, and one for CP/M business 64 when you purchase a Pocket Writer 64 software. List $399.00 5399.00 SALE 5289.00 S289.00 ·You •You pay only $99.00 for the Commodore
word processor for only $39.95. 539.93. 5299.00 SALEm.DO SALE$99.00
List
340K 1571 COMMODORE DISK DRIVE
1541 DISK DRIVE
u "" $179.00 Lb. To run all that software and add to
List S349
the
prestige of you yourr system, you'll want the 1541 disk drive. Runs all of the 3.000 3,000 plus
pieces of software for the Commodore 64.
List $249.00 5249.00 SALE $179.00
$259.00 Un""
Double sided, single disk drive for the C· 128 C-128 allows you to use the C· l lS mode plus CPM C-128 mode. 17 times faster than the 1541, and runs all the 1541 1S41 formats. List $349.00 $259.00 SALE $2$9.00
CA LL BEFORE YOU ORDER; ' OUR PRICES MA Y BE LOWER & AND WE OFFER SPECIAL SYSTEM DEALS •
Superb
$199.95 Liimn S299
letter
quality. quality
daisy
wheel
printer/typewriter combination, just a filck flick
. Extra larae of the switch to interchange. large carriage,
typewriter
keyboard,
automatic
drot:l I margin control, compact, lightweight, drop in cassette ribbon! (90 day warranty) In. Centronics Parrallel Interface is built in. List 299.00 SALE $199.95
10" COMSTAR 1000 PRINTER
$179.95 Li,IS'" Lisl S349
he United This is one of the best values in tthe
States today. Print letters, documents, programs, and more at 100 characters per
second or 20 cps in Near leiter Letter quality
mode.Some features are do. dot addressable graphics, adjustable tractor and friction feed, margin settings, pica, elite, condensed,
italics, super & subscript, underline, bold, and double _strikeJ_L_ist $349.00 SALE $179.93.
BIG BLUE PRINTER
$39.95 List $199.00
This is the affordable printer you have been waiting for! This 8'/i" letter size, 80 column thermal printer features upper and lower case, underline, graphics, word processing, and much more. List $199.00 SALE 539.95
PREMIUM QUALITY 150-170 CPS COMSTAR AERO 160 PRINTER
12" 80 COLUMN C01L~IN MONITOR
$79.95 L;n"" List SI29
:1~:~;;.~:~
Super High Resolution green screen green screen monitor. 80 columns x 24 lines, easy to audio sound read, plus speaker for included. Fantastic value. List 5129.00
1~~;i?~~~Cf~.;o;"i;·· SALE S79.95
$199.00 Lin "99 Llsi S499
The ComsUlr 110 CPS, 9x9 dot matrix with double Comstar Aero 160 gives you a 10" carriage, 150150-170 strike capability tor for 18x18 dot matrix (near letter quality), high resolution bit Image image (12Ox144 (120x144 dot matrix), underline, back spacing, left and right margin setting, true lower descenders with super and subscripts, prints standard, block graphics and special characters. It gives you print quality and features found on printers costing twice as muchl much! (Centronics Parrallellnterface) Parrallel Interface) List 5499.00 SALE $199.00
13" COLOR MONITOR
$139.95L1usl29
TV TUNER
$49.95 Lin
List SIlO SI30
This premium quality monitor comes with This tuner has dual UHF/ VHF selector UHF/VHF speaker and audio hook hook up, High switches, mute, mule, automatic fine tuning and computer/TV selector switches. switches. Hook it up lines, front panel controls and much more. between you yourr computer and monitor! Inputs Can also be used with VCR. One year included for 300 ohm ohm,, 75 ohm ohm,, and UHF. List $129 .95 SALE 549.95 warranty. List $329.00 5329.00 SALE SIJ9.9! 5139.93 5129.95 $49.93
ATTENTION
COMPUTER CLUBS. CLUBS • DEALERS We Wo oHer offer big volume dlKount.t discounts! CALL TODAY CALLTODAY
14" RGB & COMPOSITE COLOR MONITOR
$239.95 u.. ,,99 List S399
Must be used to get 80 columns In in color with (ROB cable $19.95) Add 514,50 $14.50 shipping. List $399.00 SALE S239.95 5239.93
PROTECTO We Love Our Customers 22292 N. Pepper Rd. Rd.,, Barrington, Illinois 60010
(312) 382-5244 to order
Color Monitor onitor al Sale Sale Qualify) (Premium Quality)
Qualify) (Premium Quality)
In Speaker & Audio Aud io • Built in
*• Beautiful Color Contrast
• For Video Recorders
• For Small Business Computers Computers
*• High Resolution *• Sharp Sharp Clear Text Text
• Apple Apple·- Commodore
*• Anti-Glare Screen
-Alarl - Aplu. 3000 -etc. -Atari-Aplus 3000-etc.
*• 40 40 Columns Columns xx 24 24 Lines Lines
Warranty ' • One Year Warranty'
RGB Super H1gh High
ResolutIon Resolution
■• Front Panel Controls
$329 00 List $32900
95 ' $139 139'5
13" Color Computer Monitor' 13"
Sale SO I©
' C64/ Alo ri composite .95 "C6hih or
^ oflwire
c-n. EJ!'S QUIDE C-lSfl ·CP.1.II,I$ CPU USER'S CUIDE
E.Hnllll ryoM Inte,_ Esssmral ;uk» guide 10f lor .... svtryons Inter-
",te 'n CP/M 011 1,.. 128. 1)'I10m, SiITII:>I. .. plon. llon cI thl Oilod In CP/M on [ha 12B, Simple
explanation of ih* _a1~ opsrallng system, ,.,...,orV • • CP/M uulllily t ll~y 1>vlerindrnor*. SIGH
Abacus [HffrrUjl
P.o. P.O. Box 7219 Dept. CB Grand Rapids, MI4951 Ml 495100•■ Telex 709·101 709-101 •- Phone (616) 241·5510 241 -5510 If you wan wantt to start up (or add on to) to) the most comprehensive and coordinated series of Commodore 128 reference books available anywhere anywhere,. check your local local bookstore or software dealer. Or order directly using your MC, Visa or Amex credit card. Add $4.00 per order for shipping and handling. Foreign orders add $10.00 per book. book. Call now or write for your free catalog-also contains information on our ou r C-64 books and software. Dealers inquires welcome-over welcome—over 1400 dealers nationwide.
GOTO And NEXT
If there is a failure, we are sent off to an error-reporting subroutine at adad dress 10037 within OUf our program. BNE means Branch if Not Equal. Equal. It causes the program to GOTO its target address if the previous action (the e MP in tthis his case) was not CMP equal. In other words, if the number currently in the accumulator is not the same number discovered in the RAM cell sampled by the CMP, the place. Conversely, if branch takes place. the compared numbers are equal, the program passes right over the branch and ignores it. An ML branch, then, is the equivalent of IF-THEN-COTO IF-THEN-GOTO.. Now we come to the ML equivequiv alent of BASIC's BASIC'S NEXT command. DEX reduces the X X register by one, and BEQ (Branch if Equal to zero) tests to see whether the X X register has reached zero yet. If so, we are branched out of this loop and sent down to address 10023. However, while X till counting down, we X is s still don't wanllo branch, so we transfer want to branch, the value of X X (the next number we're going to be POKEing into the RAM cell currently under test). Then
we jump back up to the start of our POKE-PEEK loop at 10010. When, hhowever, owever, X has counted down all the way to zero, we move ourselves to the next higher RAM cell in memory by raising th e numthe num ber in the Y Y register. (Recall that Y Y is being added to the pointer address, so by raising Y we access a higher RAM address.) But Y-like Y—like the accumulator, th eX the X register, and any single memmem ory cell-can cell—can hold only numbers between 0 and 255 255.. So, eventually, Y will go to 255, and then when we try to INY, it will reset itself to zero. It's at this point that the BNE comcom mand located at address 10024 fails to trigger us back up to the sstart tart of our main loop, and we fall through to the command at address 10026, which raises the page number in our pointer by one. (INC means inin crement.) Then we load the page pointer into the accumulator and check to see whether it is yet an 8 (which would mean we've reached the bottom of screen RAM). H If not, we return to loop through the next pag e (we just INCed the page pa g e page pointer, so now we're ready to test
HAS SOMETHING STRANGE BEEN PREVENTING YOU FROM COPYING YOUR SOFTWARE? THEN DlSKBUSTERS2 '" IS THE D1SKBUSTERS2'" COPIER YOU 'VE BEEN WAITING FOR!!! YOU'VE You 'll be amazed when you load up DISKBUSTERS2 '" and see it copy You'll DISKBUSTERS2'" copy software that nobody else can! NEW POWER-PAK Parameters ZAP through over 100 I" copies HUNDREDS of software NEW protection schemes! DISKBUSTERS2 DISKBUSTERS2" tilles jusl2-3 '" copy even loads some software titles in in just 2-3 minutes! minutes! A A DISKBUSTERS2 DISKBUSTERS21" many limes . ...the the NEW times FASTER! And for software yet yel to be released released., DISKBUSTERS2 t" GCR Nibble Buster Is OISKBUSTERS2'" is so good it's it's scary!!! Specially designed for the Cl28, ... just put the C128, (64, C64, SX-64, with 154I11571 1541/1571 drive. 028 C128 owners owners... DISKBUSTERS2 ,.. disk in your drive and Power-Up, it loads automaticaliy! D1SK8USTERS2'" automatically!
DISKBUSTERS2 ,. COPIES NEW C128 SOFTWARE DISKBUSTERS2™ USING 1571 DRIVE! Order by by phone VISA/MASTERCARD/C OOor send chtdVmoney Ip VISA/MASTERCARO/COD thecymoney ordel order lo to '·db "db sollware" software" & & indude include ~ ship charges: charges; 3.50 ship ship U~, USA, UPS AIR 5.50, 5.50, ship ship CANADA 7.50. 7.50. CA addfl'SSt5 addresses add add 6% lax. tax.
a new, higher 256-byte-size chunk of RAM). H, If, however, we have finished with page 8, we jump down to the RTS (RETURN) instruction which sends us out of ML and back into
BASIC. The commands at 1003710041 10037-10041 access a subroutine built into the computer itself. It's located in ROM BASIC and, for BASIC, it prints line numbers to the screen during LIST. However, we can use it to print the address of a fa iled RAM cell if we failed simply load the page and cell point pointer numbers into the accumulator and X X register, respectively, before JSR Gump •e (Jump to SubRoutine).
COMPUTEt's COMPUTED
GAZETIE GAZETTE TOLL FREE Subscription Order Line 1-800-247-5470 1·800·247·5470
In IA 1·800·532·1272 1-800-532-1272
Still ONLY $29.95! CALL 805-569-1644 Operator 10 Ask about DiskNotcher & SPECIAL COPY-PACK!
WE AIN'T AIN 'T AFRAID OF NO DISKS! db software software'' box 31169' 31169" Golcla' Golela * CA' CA * 93130
'We speak your language" "We
G
~~~~~~~;;~~~~~~::~.~AS;:'C;Comp~'.;.::~"i~==~~~~======::::::~:;~~~ ;
M~ke
Make your BASIC programs
BASIC Compller Complete pi Is r Completa BASIC BASIC com compill'
Inc! development dr/tlopmenl package. paella;.. and
SfI"d up your programs program. 5i s.
Speed up your
10 to 35l. 35., Compile Compi le to to machine m,chln'
eod. , compact eompt.eI
code,
Convert them to to high-speed high-speed Convert them machine language language machine
,'
.iBH~ , , , ~:~~~~~~~;~~::~ r •
•
1>00111 or 01 p-code
boLh . '12S '128 version: Yll'lion: 40 40 or or 80 80 both. col. eOI. monitor mon ll01 output output and Ind FA$ T-modl operation. operation. '128 '1211 FAST-modB vlrt lon Incl\ld" IIllanllvl version Includes eitensive BO-page SO-pilOt programed program a l'l guide. gul(!e, A great "r.,t package package that Ihal no no A loltwlr. library lIb/ary should should be be software willlGul. C-1ZS C' 128 S59.B9 ,51,(15 wittioul. C-84 139.93
C·84 ,31U 5 suptt P.. c.1 Complltr
Hiipur ft.isal Cumpllnr
Language Language
iii,.
Learn the the the language language of the 80's and beyond the 80's and beyond
&& C C using 1I.lng CALL: CALL: 51K 51K avail IVailable abh' for tor object obj&c:1 coda; coda; Fast F .. I loading; loading; Two Two standard standard I/O VO librarys libra rys plus plus malh malh S& graphic graphk: libraries. li!!farl". C-128 C-128 $59.95 nU5
on your C-128 and C-64 onyourC-128andC-64
~:;~~~~=ir::::~
IIrttehoiea. first choice. C·84 C64
nll .u $59.95
C-84
nll.u
IanlluagO. on your '28
0' 64. 64. language, on your 128 or
CoeOL Compiler Compl,., package pac:k.lgt COBOL
cod.. .cc....
using the ullng lh' best bt,l taala 1001• avflll• vall.
$59.95
Ihe most mo. 1 widely widely used used the commorcl. 1 programming ptogre.mmlnll commercial
"'11
able-Super Ibl .. Suptt Pascal Plle.l isls your
C-64
COBOL. COBOL Now you you can can learn learn COBOL, COBOl. Now
Not Nol just ju.1 a• compiler, compiler. but bYl a•
complete com,"I' system 'Y"11Im for lor develop dt ve!oping applications 'ppllcationl inin PascalPascal-wllh graphics. Extensive wllh gr.phlcs. EJlonlivo editor edito. with will'l search, ..areh. replace, rapl.ot. renumber, ,.numbe •• elc. lie. Standard Standard JJ && W W compiler compitor that th.t generates general" m.chln, code. High-speed High.. paIJd machine dl.k 48)( RAM is tI disk access. ASH RAM available. learn .valle.bI • . IfWyou you want WMI to 10 IIlIlIn Pascal PlISotl or o. to 10 develop develop software softoota..
Let your your '64 speak speak Pascal Pascal
Super S uper CC Compiler Compiler For For school lehool or or software loftwar, development. dtv,lopmlnt Learn Learn the Ilia CC language langllaga on on the 11'11 '64 '64 or Of '128. '128. Compiles Compile. into Into lest ful machine machln. coda. Added '12B features: c:ocI l. Addld '128 Intu ... : CP/M-like operating, CP/M. Opllratlng system; 'r.tam; 60K lICK RAM RAM disK. di.k. Combine Combine MIL MIt.
with Editor, a Interpreter ind Debugg
com" complete complate with ",ill'l.ynlu. comes syntaxeh,clUnll editor, lJdilo•• interpreter Inl"pral" checking , and .nd symbolic 'ymtlOllc debugging dobugg ng aids. aid •. New '128 '128 version vanl lon works woriq with 40/60 ~Cl180 column column monitors monitor. wilh .nd Is II quicker quicker than l""-n the the '64 and £•-■■ vII.lon. C-128 C. 121 S59.95 U I.15 version. C-84
C-84
131. 115
S39.95
.... and work hard for you, too! Use your Use your '12810 '128 lo communicate communicate with the the outside outside world world
SpeedTerm 128
Cadpak
SpHdt.~'2'
Et.'Y-1O-Ult~:-:ctivI Easy-to-use interactive draw. draw Ing ccu,.I. ing pack'ile package 10 for• • accurate Dlaphlc designl. o;men,lon' graphic designs. Dimension Inll o.te OXIlC! ing laltu,. features 10 to a create exact Ic.led 11 majol scaled outplll output to to .all major dol.m.lrix dot-matrii prlnlO,.. printers. Input Input vta via kaybol/d Keyboard or or lighlpon. llghlpen. Two Two IIll1p11lc: graphic ac:raoos screens 10, for COPYing COPYin g from on~ 10 from one lo tho the othe,. other. CRAW. DRAW, BOX. BOX, ARC. ARC, ELLIPSE. ELLIPSE, lie. etc. Iv.lI.blo. available. DeMno Define you, your own own IIbf.ry 01 Iymboillobjocts_ library of symbols/objsctsIloro slore up up 10 lo 104 104 &8p11.,alt separate
Spendlirm-128
Let your C-128 C-12S communical. communicals ~t you. with the outside world. world. Ot;IlII.in Obtain WIth th. outslc!e
information Irom from v.n. various Inlolm.tlon o ul computer networks. Flexible, compulor nIiI~rIIs. Fltxl.blt. driven lormlnel terminal command dnven Supports software package. softWare ~lIe. SUppo,tl most modems for the C-12B. mOllI modem, lor Ihe C·12B. Xmodem an and Punter mo file Xmodlm d Punte, transfer PfOlocol. protocol. VT521100 VT52/100 l.an,111 terminal Iemulation wilh CUIcur IIlmina) mulilion with sor kaY". keys, lalill large 45IC 45K CaptUIO capture 101 buffer & IISII user dlfinable definable tuncfunc ~" .. & tion kaY". keys. C· C128 S39.95 tiDn , 2a UII.U
objacts. objects.
C,'28 .15 C-12B UI 359.95 C-64 S39.95 C·84 I3I1 .U
Personal Portfolio Manager Complete portfolio management for the Individual individual or professional Investor. Manage portfolios, get up· to ·the·mlnute quotes & news, up-to-the-minute and perform selected analysis. Enter quotas quotes manually or through C-128 $59.95 C-64 $39.95 Warner. £39.95
Chartpak high-quality charta charts and graphs without Easily create professional hlgh·quallty labeling, axis, bar programming. Immediately change the scaling, labeling. filling, etc. to suit your needs. Accepts data from CaJcResult CalcResult and I1IlIng, C-128 $39.95 C-64 $39.95 MultiPlan. C -128 $3 9,lIS C-6 4 $39 .95
T echnical Analyals Technical Analysis Systom System Sophisticated charting and analysis system for Investors. investors. Chart and analyze the history history of ol a stock. stock. Pinpoint Pinpoint tJends trends and patterns to predict predict a a stock's stock's future. Enter data via keyboard or online financial services. C-128 $59.lIS C-64 $59 .95 services. C-128 S59.95 C-64 S59.95
Xper "expert system' system' lor tar the C·t28 C-128 and C-64. C-64. While XPER Is the first 'expert ordinary data bases are good for reproducing reproducing facts, XPER can ordinary derive knowledge from a mountain 01 of facts and help help you make derive C-G4 S59.9S expert decisions. Large capacity. C.6 4 $59 .9 5
•.. _
.. c--.Dot Mailing labels 1x3 ,.. ,. 6.95 1 1. &5
~i ~
) NAME BRAND *7
~'h~t1
< VIDEOTAPES C ^%
I
. CALL CALL .CALL CALL
JOYSTICKS FROM Wlca W1CO & & SUNCOM
/ "7
from
-^
Available
JV
S4.49 01V- Discounls
X.
ea Batl Hane. iin flow. NBw Kyi Nv 10013 _
,
"
"
;
o
)
I
T
I
'
"
"
"
~
C\)I,IOV!f,,_ ~ . OB c. C1MHJI1' ~ ' _ ' . OCI'oO'IIT! r , _ >J»»i cf CQWI COW.* I Com COC*ut£'. Garf". ___ IKHCTWl ord CC"-*U'Ei I AW Sr Otk yd Magam
COMPUTE! boob books are are available available in in the the U.K., U.K., Europe, Europe, the the COMPUTE! East, and and Africa Africa from from Holt Holt Saunders, Saunders, Ltd., ltd., 11 St. St. Middle East, Middle Anne's Road, Road, Eastbourne, Eastboume, East East Sussex Sussex BN21 BN21 3UN, 3UN, England, England, Anne's in Canada Canada from fro m McGraw-Hill, McGraw-Hili, Ryerson Ryerson Ltd., ltd., 330 330 and in and Ave., Scarborough, Scarborough, Ontario, Ontario, Canada Canada M1P M1P 225. 2ZS. Progress Ave., Progress
128 Instant Keywords
Shawn K. Smith Save time and typillg typing effort witll with this short utility for tile the Commodore 128. Up to ll be en tered, to 52 keywords ca can entered, each all an easy-ta-remember, easy-to-remember, two-key combination, combination.
""Instant Instant Keywords" can drastically reduce the time it takes to type in a program. This utility prints a BASIC 7.0 keyword when the Commodore or SHIFT key is pressed in conjuncconjunc tion with a letter key. For instance, pressing the SHIFT and L keys disdis plays the keyword LOOP. A total of 52 keywords can be displayed in this fashion. Refer to the chart for a list of the key combinations. combinations. Also, pressing the SHIFT or Commodore key while in quote mode displays the standard graphics characters rather than a BASIC keyword. Instant Keywords is short and easy to use. Although it contains mostly machine language (ML) (ML),, you don't have to know any ML to use it. In fact, you can just type it in and run it as a BASIC program. First, type in the program and then save a copy. When you run it, the BASIC loader stores the ML in an area of RAM which wh ich is determined 100 (changing by the value S 5 in line 100 the value of S will relocate the utili ty). Once the data is stored in RAM, the utility is activated, the address to deactivate/reactivate it is disdis played, and the loader is erased played, from memory. Press ing RUN Pressing RUN/, STOP and RE STO RE is an ot her RESTORE another program. way to deactivate the program.
Modifying The Program Readers may wish to rearrange the
by one-byte tokens. For instance, the command PRINT is stored in the computer with a token value of
$99 (153 decima l). Because the 128 decimal). has a larger vocabulary, the designdesign ers of the 128 decided to use twobyte tokens to represent some of the new commands. All of the new two-byte co mmands use iCE commands $CE or $FE as the first byte of the token. InIn stant Keywords will allow you to use any keyword except those that begin with SCE $CE as the first token value. (This eliminates the use of only eight keywords.) The last 52 hexadecimal values in the loader (beginning with DB 0B in line 200) are the token values of the keywords displayed by Instant KeyKey words. The fifirst rst 26 hex h ex values are for the SH IFT key (the token for SHIFT SHIFT-A is the first, and the token IFT -2 is the twenty-sixth). for SH SHIFT-Z The last 26 values are for the ComCom modore key. If you plan to add toto kens for any two-byte commands, leave off the first byte ($FE)-the ($FE)—the program knows that it is a two-byte command and will adjust itself acLctler Le tter A
B
C D E
, F
G G H I
IJ
K L M
N 0O P Q Q R
S HI FT SHIFT SLEEP HEG IN BEGIN CHRS DO PEN DOPEN ELSE FOR 'OR GOro GOTO HEX$ HEXS INPUT JOY lOY DRAW LOO P LOOP MIDS NEXT TAB! TAB< PRINT GS HAPE GSHAPE RETURN SPRITE THEN US ING USING READ WHILE POKE GRAPHIC LEFTS
Commodore Commodaie STRS BEND COLOR DCLOSE ENVEWP E ENVELOPE FILTER GOSUB DEC INST R INSTR PLAY CHAR LOCATE MOVSPR COLLISION SPC( PA INT PAINT SSHAPE RESTORE SOUND TEMPO UNTIL DATA WINDOW PEEK C IRCLE CIRCLE RIGHTS
utility to support a ddifferent ifferent sct set of keywo rds . Thi s can be accomkeywords. This accom 5S plished with minor changes to the T utility. But first first,, a quick background U about keywords is in order. BASIC V IV w 7.0 contains 130 plus commands or X keywords. Most of the keywords Y (including all of the keywords in Z Z the the 64's 64's BASIC BASIC 2.0) 2.0) arc are represented represented L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _--' 82
COMPUTE!', COMPUTED Gez9/t1!l Gazeff0
November November 1986 1986
cordingly. If you're unsure of the token value of any keyword, type in this program: program: GA 10 GOT030 GOTO30 EF 20 REM HEM "PU\Cf! "PLACE KE'tWORD KEYWDRD HERE
••
HS 30 BANK15IB-peEK(45)+12 +PEE BANK15iB=PEEK(45)+12+PEE K(46) * 256IPRINT "KEYWORD K(46)*256iPRINT"KEYTORD (SPACE)VALUE(S) _ "";/ [SPACEjVALUE(S) » BD 40 H-PEEK(B),PRINTRIGHT$(HE H=PEEK(B)lPRINTRIGHTS(HE BO XS(H),2): " "/ XS(H),2);' ",
AE 50 IFH-2540RH-206THENS-S+l, IFH-254ORH-206THSNB-B+1! GOT040 GOTO40 In line 20, type the keyword for which you want to find find the token value. Run the program and it will display the token value fo forr the keyword you 've inserted you've inserted..
See program listillg listing Oil on page 121.
au to lo gel gtt in on the ,IClilm-if you ~ prop(:r lraining action—ifyou get the proper training now, now. Total computer systems m NRI training, only Iro from '1 0 Icam 1b leam how to tu 1I~)rk work (In on cumpulcN. computers, }llU yuu haw to get 1,!o.!1 inside NI{I lake:; }')\I have to made one. one. ,\l1d And onl)' only NRI takes you
inside a computeT. computer, ";UI with total s)'Stcms systems training thal that gil~)oo gives you hands-on e.~pcriCncc experience \\;Ih with computers. computers, peripherals. and sofiv.'are. Peripherals, software. i\~ As part of )UUT your training. IU build a &1nyo \1BC·55().2. which training, )1)\. you'll Sanyo 1 MliC-550-2. experts h;lI'c II: "most intris!uin~r have haik-,J hailed as U the intriguing" 01 of all lhe .....· 1B1 \ 1
CEJ
I{
I
f-l F* Ij
II F5 J]
ISHlrrlQ!]
CEJ
I F6 1
ISH1FTICQ
I< "F8)I
CEJ ISH'''ICEJ
I" I If F1 F7 I ]
Sec: See:
•II•-
.... .1 I.
•
When You Read:
•
-f
B
ISlUrrleD
For Commodore 64 Only rj ' ~ E E' ~ E>3 Ed Es5 3~ E, ~ E, ~ Ed
See:
Press: Press:
III !I!II
0] ] C
'.COMMODORE, r§\, \iO?Z7)+A 3S0 CK CK=CK*Z2 + Z5*(CK> Z7)+ft ac - CK+ZS "( CK>z5):RETURN JC 390 CK CK=CK-t-Z5*(CK>Z5) :RETURN OS QS 400 PRINT"[OOWN)START1NO PRINT"[DOWN)STARTING AT ~4~"; ::GOSUB300iIF GOSU030e,IF IN$o %42"; INSo N$ THEN OOSUB1030:IF NS GOSUB1030:IF f' F (SPACE ITliEN400 [SPACEJTHEN400 EX 410 RJ::TURN EX RETURN HO PRIN1"'[Rvsl ENTER DATA HD 420 PRINT"{RVSJ (SPACE}" : 00SUB400:IF If) IN {SPACE]":GOSUB400:IF $"'N$ S=NS THEN220 JK 430 OPEN3,3:PRINT SK 440 POKE198 ,0: 00SU8360:IF f' POKE198,0:GOSUB360:IF F TUI:;N :f'RINT" THEN PRINT INS INSiPRINT"
lup) [5 RIOHTI"~ {UP}[5 RIGHTj";
GC 450 FOR 1_ 0 TO 24 STEP 33:B? : 8$ 1=0 -SS:FOR - l TO 2.IF =SS;FOR J J=l 2iIF F F T HEN B$_MID$(IN$,I+J,l) BS=MID$(INS,I+J,lJ HA 460 PRlNT"[RVS)"B$L$t : IF 1< PRINT"[RVS]"BSlJS;!lF K 24THEN PRINT~{ OPFJ" : 24THGN PRINT-fOFF]"; liD :I F M=N$ HD 470 OET GET AS A$:IF A$=NS THeN470 THEN4 70 " ANDAS •■/"andas 0 TO D:GETtl B:GET#1,AS:P FOR 1_0 , A$:P BS+I,ASC(A?+Z?):IF OKE BS+l , ASC(A$+ZS):IF {SPACEjST k~D(l(>B)THEN AND(K>B)THEN (SPACE)ST F=2:AD-I:I=B Fo01+1 . 970 INPUT»15,A,AS:IF A THEN lNPUT.lS , A, A$ : IF A CLOSE1:CLOSE15:GOSUB10 CLOSE1 : CLOSE1S1GOSUBIO 60:PRINT"{RVS}ERROR: "A 60:PRINT"{RVS)ERROR:
S5
GO 870 RE'roRN EJ 860 880 pOKE183.PEEK{FA+2) POKE183,PEEK(FA+2)SPOKE F.J ,POKE 187,PEEK(FA+3}:POKE188, 187.PEEK(FA+3),POKE188. PEEK(FA+4):IFOPa0THEN92 pEEK( FA+4) : I FOPtoOTIIEN92 GQ
870
RETURN
• 0
63466:IF(PEF,K( 783)A 703)A 890 SYS 63466,IF(pEEK( HDIJTHEN GOSUB1060:PRIN NDl )THEN GOSUOI060:PRIN T"[D0WNj[RVS] FILE NOT {OOWN I IRVs) PIL1! T" I{SPACEjFOUND SPACE) FOUND "":GOTO690 : GO'l'0690 CS 900 AD=PEEK!829)+256*PEEK!B AD~pEEK(829)+256·pEEK(8 30):IF THEN 1'-1 F=l:: 30) : If' AD«>SA AD~)SA TIlEN GOTO970 OOT0970 SC 910 A-PEEK(831)+256 A=PEEK(B31)+256*PEEK(B3 5C *PEEK(83
HJ UJ
PRINT"{DOWNI(RVS) SAVE SAVE [SPAGEjFILE (SPACE)Fll.1! ":OP=0 ":01>-0 710 710 INS=NS:INPUT"{DOWN1FILE IN$_N$IINPUT"{OOWN}PILE NAMEE4|"fINS:IF IN$-N$ NAMEE4J",IN$ IIF INS»NS [SPACEJTHEN220 (spAceJTIIEN22G ' 720 720 F=0:PRINT"iDOWN]{BLK) F-0'PRlNT~looWN)laLK) {RVSjTfOFFJAPE {RVS)T I OFF}APE OR OR {RVS} IRVS} D[OFF)lSK: Dlof'F }lSK : N3"f E4~"; 730 730 GET AS:IF 11.$111' A?="T"THEN AS-"T"THEN PR pR 1ST"T{DOWN}":GOTO880 1NT MT{ OOWN)- :00'1'0880 740 740 IF IF AS*>"D"THEN730 AS32THEN310 FV ) 32THEN310 I'D PRINT"[RVS j"CURS(V+64)" SF 290 PRI NT MI RVS J"CII R$(V+64)M (OFF) "S$ "S$(V);iIFS$|V)=" 10PFI (V ) /II PS$ (V). M M "TIIENPIU NT ( CT RL- MCHR$ ( "THENP RINT"[CTRL-"CHR$( MJM ; v+64) V+64)"]"r PRINTiGOTO180 PK 300 PRINTr GOT0 18 0 FV< 1280RV)16 0THENPRlNT BP 310 IIFV160THENPRINT CHRS(V):GOTO1B0 CHR$ ( V) ,GCTOI 8 0 PRINTa5DSCHRS(V)QSDSTAB R$( V) O$D$TAB OF QP 320 PRINTO$D$Oi (24)S?(V)IGOTO180 (24 ISS ( V) IGOT0180 XG PRI NT M{2 UP) "I IPO XG 330 M_M_I, M=M-1iPRINT"i2 UP]"iiPO KEX,PEEK{214)i3YS59903i KEX .P EEK( 214),SY S5 9993r PRINT:FORI=0TO2 PRI NT I PORI - 9T02 SD PRINTM+ITAB19)"00"TAB(1 S D 340 PRI NTM+ITM{9 J M00MMTAB(l 55>1'0":NEXT:PRINT"{UP)"T ) " OM INEXT , PRI NT (UP )"T AB(22)"iCYNjEND OF PROG M( 22j " ICY N) END 01' AAM@ 8 j" POKE198,0iGOSUB400:PRIN RB 350 POKEI98 .0I GOS UB400 , PRIN T"{CLRj c LRj"U:GOTO130 IGOTOI30 T"l DOWNJE83BAS PH 360 IIS="(CLR)(2 $- "( CLR){ 2 DOWNjK8j8AS IC EX EXAMINER":DIMSS(160) AMI NER MIDIMS$(160) IC IiQS-CHRS(34)iD?«CHR$(20 O$-CII R$ ( 34) I D$-CIIR$ (20 ))iA=780:X»A+l , 11.- 78", , X. A+l Y=»A+2iDEFFNH(F)»INT(F/D sa I DE n 'NlI (p )· INT( P/ O SB 370 Y_A+2 )):DEFFNL(F)=F-D"FNH(F)i , OEFPNL(F )_ P_O_FNH(P)I DEFFNC(F)sF+48-7*(F>9) OEFFNC( F j·P+48 - 7-( P)9) FORI=5TO34:READS$(I) :NE CP 4IREADS$ (1)INE CP 380 FORI-5T03 XTiFORI=129TO160:READS? XT , PORI · 129T01 60.READS $ (I) ,NEXT :NEXT (1) 390 FORI _828T0931 , READJ ,POK RK 390 FORI=828T0931iREADJiPOK Et, J , NEXT El,J:NEXT DC FS="":Q=0:IFPEEK(786)-4 DC 400 P$· .... '0- 0'IPPEEK( 788 j - 4 9THENPRINTISi $ . IINPUT" NP UT M 9TlIt!NPRINTI OOWN j PROORAH NAME";FS NAME"/F$ ([DOWNjPROGRAM CP 410 41 0 F-LEN(F$ j, S$ _ M",INPUT" CP F=LEN(F?)sSS^""!INPUT" {DOWNJSTART WITH LINE (DOh'N )START W ITH LI NE t "";SS:S=INT(VAL(S5))iIFF ; S$ : S_ I NT( VAL{ S$ »,IFP =0THENRETURN _0THENRETURN BC BC 420 FORI=1TOFIPOKE678+I,ASC FORI _ ITOP,POKE67 8+I.ASC (MIDS|F5,I,1))iNEXTiPOK (M IDS ( pS . 1 .1 ») .N EXT ,POK E183,FiPOKE157,128 EI8 3. PIPOKEI 57.1 28 QK FORl - 184TO I 88 ,READJ , POK OK 430 430 FORI=184T0188iREADJiPOK El,J POKEA,0:POKEX INEXTIPOKEA.0IPOKEX EI. J jNEXTj ,1:POKEY,8iSYS65493 . 1 ,POKEY. 8.SYS 65493 KA 440 440 POKE44,8iSYS42291:P0KE4 POKE44. 8 , SYS42291IPOKE4 4,192.i 4.1 92,I IFST=64THENRETURN I FST-64THENRETURN GB GS 450 450 PRINTiIFST -"THENAN·PI GETASiIFAS""THENAN-Fi GOT0260 GOTO260 150 NEXTIGOSUB360 NEXTtGOSUB360 GETASHFAS-"-THEN160 160 GETA$, I PA$. · .. THENI60 GOTO260 170 GOT0269 180 SYSP . 10 . 2 , PRINT "YOO ,..,S SYSP,10,2iPRINT"YOU MUS -,PRI T ENTER VALUES FOR F0R"iPRI NTTAB(2)"N1.N2 . Rl, AND NTTAB(2)"N1,N2,R1, (SPACE)Rl." I SPACE j R2." 190 SYSP.13,2,PRIHT-THE SYSP,13,2iPRINT"THE SUH SUM OF Rl+Rl R1+R2 !«lST MUST BE 135THENGOS UB2801 GOT0 90 Ua280iGOTO90 EC EC 220 OOSUB310,00SUB380IFORAN GOSUB310iGOSUB380iFORAN -0TOFSTEPS,RP-Rl-SIN(Nl -0TOFSTEPSiRP-Rl*SIN(Nl -AN)+R2*SIN(N2-AN) *AN)+R2*SIN(N2*AN) .... BK BK 230 GOSUB350'GETA$.lFA$199 111EN X- I FC 450 " RETURN 4613 X- X+IIIF X>199 THEN X-I XD 470 Y-Y-IIIF Y >1THENJ3=1 FK 110 X_x+J:Y _Y+KIORAW l,X ,Y X-X+J:Y=Y+KlDRAW 3,X,Y JOY(2)zIFJ2a0TIIEN170 OR 120 J2J2=JOY(2)tIFJ2=0THEN170 QR 120 RJ 130 IFJ2 - 3TIlENL- +lIM0 IFJ2=3THENL=+i iM-0 00 _7THENL __ l:M_0 IFJ2=.7THENL—1 :M=0 QD 140 140 IFJ2 -l:L- 0 55 1THENM—1:L=0 SS 150 IFJ2 -= ITtlENMSR 160 IFJ2 _ 5THENM~ +1ILa0 IFJ2=5THENM=+1:L=0 XM 170 LOCATEA+L,B+M:IFRDOT( 2) LOCATEA+L,B+M:IFRDOT(2) )} THENJ4 .. l >1THENJ4=1 RA 180 A" A+L:B-B+MIORAW 22,A,B , A, B A=A+L:B=B+MiDRAW FS _ 10RJ4 _ ITHEN210 IFJ3=1ORJ4=1THEN210 FS 190 IFJ3 Oil. GOTO50 GA 200 GaT050 GO , 70,1,050, 2,40000,70,1,050, 00 210 SOUND 2,40000 1915 ,3,40001 IF J4 - 1 THE 1915,3,4000iIF J4-1 N CHAR2, 29 ,1, ·CRASHEO ", N CHAR2,29,1,"CRASHED": C. C+I, ELSE240 C-C+l:ELSE240 MP :I FRDOT(2 X+J,Y+K:IFRD0T(2 HP 220 LOCATE X+J,Y+K ))=30RRDOT(2) _30RRDOT(2)_2THENJ3"' 1 = 2THENJ3=-1 HI'. ,X,Y X=X+J:Y=Y+KjDRAW 3 3,X,Y HA 230 X_X+J:Y_Y+K,DRAW BC 240 IFJ3"'1 , 3 ,I, " IFJ3=1 THEN CHAR3 CHAR3.3.1," CRASHEO", O-D+I CRASHEDH:D=D+1 AG 1 AND J4 .. 1 THEN CH IFJ3=1 J4=l CH fcG 250 IFJ3AR 11,12,20,"YOU , 12,20, "YOU BOTH CR ASHEO" : SOUND 1,5000,90, ASHED":SOUND 22,3300,500,1 , 3000,500,1 FE 260 SOUNDI ,102 4 , 60 ,0,0, 0,3 , SOUND1,1024,60,0,0,0,3, 0,SLEEPl, GRAP HIC3,I,A$~ 01SLEEP1:GRAPHIC3,1iAS=
STR$ (C) :CHARI , 3,22, "SCO STRS(C);CHAR1,3,22,"SCO RE, "+1'.$ REI "+AS PC 270 AS - STR$(D) .CH AR1, 29,22 , AS=STRS(D):CHAR1,29,22, PC ·SCORE "SCORE:: "+1'.$ "+AS XJ D D>C THEN CHAR AND JCJ 280 IFD>4 AN 2,29 ,I,"YOU WON", GOT03 2,29,1,"YOU WON"iGOT03
1. 10
JA IPO4 AND C>D THEN CHAR CHAR JA 290 IFC>4 3,3 , 1, "YOU loON". GOT03 3,3,1, WON":GOT03
eM CM EJ EJ
,. 10
J3 - 0:J4-0.GOT020 J3=0jJ4=0iGOTO20 TEMPO30:PLAY"V2T7O4 H H C C 310 TEHP0301PLAy"V2T704 CCCCCD R R CC RR CCCCCCDF G R $S BRAGA G RRRCCFA R B R AGA G G
l~0 3S0
55 SS 320 SOUND 3,0,0,PRINT"[CLR) 3,0,0iPRINT"[CLR) "IGRAPHIC ":GRAPHIC 0 ,END I END
Match Blox (Article 011 on page 50.)
Program 1: Match Blox-64 Blox—64 Version xc ,P XC 100 GOSUB820.pOKE GOSUBS20:POKE 53280,6 532B0,6iP OKE 53281,6,PRINT 53281,61PRINT OfR$( CHHS( 8)"[CLR}{2 8)"(CLR)[2 DOWN)@7~"sPC DOWN)|73"SPC (I4)"MATCH {14)"MATCH BLOX[2 BLOX(2 DOWN) FE 110 L$(l)-"g II(RVS)Ogy)p L5(l)-"|ig(RVS)OgY§^ I(DOWNlU DOWN II 3 LEFT} Uil Biil LEFTliHJ Wl [DOWNj{3 LEFTjLgp8@ (D0WN)[3 LEFTjL(14 CF 220 CL(4,I) _ 14,CL (4.3) _ 14.c CL(4,1)-14:CL(4,3)-14:C L(4. 7)-I4,CL(4,9)-14 L(4,7)=14iCL|4,9)-14 JC 230 CL(5,I)-14 ,CL( 5,3) - 14, C CL(5,1)-14iCL(5,3)»14iC L(5,5)-I4 , CL (5.7) _I4. CL L(5,5)=14iCL(5,7)-14iCL {5.9)14 (5,9)-14 MF 240 PRINT SPC(12) "i838pJ SPC(12)"|8S£P3 (OOWN}{2 [D0WNH2 LEFT)iNj{RVS}l LEFT]ENi(RVS]l 1iOFFJgH|[DOWN][2 OFF UHH DOWN )( 2 LEFT) gYJ[UP)IRIGHT)g78 |y3[up]{right]E73 UNI-C uni-c OLOR{DOWN '",PRINT SPC(l OLOR(DOWN]"iPRINT SPC(1 2), 2)i CP 250 PRINT"BSJ!!PjlooWN) PRINT"g83gP3[DOWN) )INIIRVS}2 10FF) 12 (2 LEFT LEFTjiN3(RVS]2{oFF] gHI[ DOWN}[2 LEFT)gYJ Eh3[down][2 left]Jy3 [up) [RIGHT)87) CROSS [up][right]E71 cross IDOWN)",PRINTSPC( 12)" [DOWN]"iPRINTSPC(12)" @888pjIDOWN){2 LEFT}~Nj [RV )310FFjiHj{DOWN) [ RV S Si31 OFF]in 3[DOWNj 12 Hy 3{up ) {RIGHT) [2 LEFT LEFT)EyHUP) [RIGHT] NO CENTER{DOWNj" g71 til NO CENTER)DOWN]" OG QG 268 260 PRINT SPC(I2)"g8npj SPC(12)"E83EP3 IDOWNj{2 S /4 (D0WNJ12 LEFT)gNliRV LEFT]gN3[RVS]4 IOFF I8Hj[ DOWNj(2 LEFT} {OFF)|H3[DOWH][2 LEFT] gYHupj [RIGIIT)E7j 4 - 15 THEN DZ_MTIGK_ HB 310 IF 5 S>=15 DZ=MTiGKMTI GOTO 330 MTjGOTO HR 1929,MT+176;POKE 5 5 KR 320 POKE 1929,MT+176:POKE 62ijl , I5tGOTO 290 6201,15!GOTO FB 330 PRINT QlR$(3I)"(CLR'"1 CHRS(31)"(CLR}": HJ 1=0 TO 23,PRINT" 23:PRINT" HJ 340 FOR 1-8 [RVSj{BLU){39 [RVS](BLU){39 SPACES)" SPACESl" HP 350 MMI063+(40*I ) I1POKE POKE HM. ) MM, HP 1601POK£ 160tPOKE MM+54272,6,NEX MM+54272,6iNEX T.POK£ TiPOKE 2023,160,POKE 2023,160iPOKE 56 295,6 295.6 BD 360 PRINT (RVS)(39 SPACES) PRINT"[RVS}[39 SPACES] IiHOME]":POKE HOME!",POKE 53281,15 RH 370 PRINT "(HOKE }{2 DOWN)":, print"[home](2 downJ"m PRINT print SPC(I5)"[RVS'''NA$ spc(15)"[rvs]"nas (GK) (GK)"" {2 [2 DOWN)" DOWN]"1 SP 380 {HOMEi17 "SP PRINT"(HOME 117 DOWN! DOWN]"SP 360 PRINT" C(3)"(RVS)(BLUjM{OOWN)A C (3 ) " [ RVS H BLU] M ( DOWN iA [DOWN )T(DOWN}C( DOWN)II JDOWN]T[DOWN]C[DOWN)H {2 [2 DOWNJl3 DOWNH3 LEFTjB[OOWNj LEFT]B[DOWN] L[DOWNJO{DOWNjX" L(DOWNjO(DOWN]X" DC 390 E,. I.F- 3,PRINT"(HOMEj E-1iF=3:PRINT"[HOME) l8 ", FOR SJ-l [8 DOWNJ DOWNj'iFOR BJ-1 TO TO 3 IPRINT :PRINT SPC(3I):IFOR SPC{31);iFOR AlAI= E TO F FM 400 POKE 646 , CL(GK,AI),PRIN 646,CL(GK,AI)iPRIN T T$, INEXTIE-E +3,F-F+3, TSjiNEXTiE-E+3tF-F+3i M
£K EK Mll HH PO FQ
DD
430 PRINT"{2 DO"'~)"TAB(15)" PRINT"(2 DOWN)"TAB(15)" (RVS' "P$(7)P $(8 )PS( 9) [RVS]"PS(7)PS(8)P5O) 440 POKE 7S 2,OY,POKE 78I ,OX 782,QYiPOKE 7S1,QX lPOKE ,0, SYS 655201P :POKE 783 783,0:SYS RINT" (BLKI8+31 LEIT I"; ,R RINT"[BLK]g+3(LEFT]BriR ETURN 450 MV"'MV+l ,U=0,FOR C"l MV=MV+1iU=0:FOR C=l TO {SPACE)9.IF -X THEN {SPACE]9:IF Y(C) Y(C)=X U- U+I U-U+l 460 NEXTiIF NEXT,IF TC-l 0. TC=1 THEN TCTC-0I MVMV-l MV-MV-1 470 IF MV>0 THEN PRINT " PRINT" {HOME!120 j[ RVS) [HOME][20 DOWN DOWNj[RVS] {BLUj"SPC(16)"MOVE"MV ,G fBLU]"SPC(16)"M0VEuMViG OSUB 440 480 IP l AND U«9 U-9 THE N 75 IF GKGK=1 THEN 75
• 0
SA 490 IF U9 THEN 780 tl=9 OD QD 500 IF GK-2 AND U_5 U-5 AND yI2 Y(2 )+Y(4)+Y(5)+Y(6)+Y(8)-4 o0 THEN 750 KP 510 IF GK_ 3 AND US AN D Y(5 Y{5 GK-3 U=8 AND )14 THEN 750 )»14 CO yII GK=4 AND U-4 AND Y(l CQ 520 IF GK-4 )+Y(3)+Y(7)+Y(9)a32 )+Y(3)+Y(7)+Y(9)=32 THE N 750 N 0 IIFF GK5 AND 5 AND Y(I 530 KF 53 GK=5 AMD UU=5 Y(1 )+Y( 3) +Y(5)+Y(7)+Y(9) - 4 )+Y(3)+Y(5)+Y(7)+Y{9)-4 o0 THEN 750 0 FF 540 G(n'O GOTO 61 610 AF 550 P-UIIF Y(U)-X THEN TC_ l P=UiIF Y(U)=X TC-1 ,GOSUB 420,GOTO iGOSUB 4201GOTO 450 FA 560 W(1) - V(U,l)tW(2) .. vlu.2) W(1)-V(U,1)IW(2)=V(U,2) IW(3 )- V(U, 3) ,W(4)-V( U,4 iW(3)=V(U,3):W(4)=V(U,4 BA
)
GO I TO 4,W0 ,IF Y(W GQ 570 FOR GG=l 4iW=0:IF (e) X THEN W ool (G) I)-X W-l KG 5S0 - O,p 580 IF Wool W-l THEN Y(W(G)) Y(W(G))-QiP S(W( G)) -L$ (l) RX 590 IF W000 Y(W(G))-O Ttl W=0 AND Y(W(G))-Q TH EN Y(W(G))-X , p$( W(G)) - L Y(W(G))=XiPS(W[G))»L $( 2) 5(2) XK 600 NEXTiY(U)=XtP?(U)=LS(2) NEXTIY(U) - X,P$(U) - L$(2)
IGOSUB420,GOT0450 :GOSUB420iGOTO450 KE 610 POKE 204 ,0 ,Jy-15-PEEK(5 204,0iJY-15-PEEK(5 6320)ANDI5 .J B- 16-PEEK(5 632 0)AND15iJB-16-PEEK(5 6J20)ANDI6 6320JAND16 ox GX 620 IF JB-0 THEN GOSUB 828. 8201 UTEIGOO'O 550 U-TEiGOTO PB 630 IF JY-8 THEN JY-3 CE 640 IF JY4 CJ 650 GOSUB 820 :ON JY GOTO 66 820:ON 0,680.700.720 0,680,700,720 OS UP THEN 610 QS 660 IF OXQX=UP HO OX-3,TE- TE-3IGOTO 74 HQ 670 OXQX=QX-3jTE=TE-3iGOTO
• 0
PB 680 IFQXDN THEN 610 IFQX=DN PR 690 OXOX+3ITE- TE+3,GOO'0 74 QX=QX+3iTE=TE+3(GOTO B 0
PK 700 IF OYRM THEN 610 Q.Y=RM PO Q't+3:TE- TE+IIGOTO 74 FD 710 OYQY=0Y+3:TE=TE+liG0T0 0 B
KP 720 728
IF OY-LM QY«LM THEN 610 OY_ Q't_3 : TE_TE_I QY°QY-3:TE"TE-1 GOSUB 420,GOTO 4201GOTO 610 IF MV_ l THEN MV$-"MOVE " MV-1 MVS-"MOVE" GOSUB 830,PRI NT"{RVS ! 830iPRINT"[RVS) (BLU) (7 SPACESjyOU [BL,U)(7 SPACES]YOU SOLV ED IITT IN"MV;MVS.SI"'30,S IN"MVfMV5iSl=30lS S3- -1 2-20, 2=20iS3=-l SF 770 GOSUB 848.GOTO 840;GOTO 800 QS 0,PRINT "{RVS) OS 780 GOSUS GOSUB 83 830:PRINT"(RVSi {BLU){5 [BLU]{5 SPACESjNO SPACES]NO MOVES AVAILABLE .• •GAME OV~" AVAILABLE...GAME .51 - 17 , 52- 35 .93- 1 .Sl-17iS2=35:33-l
FR FR 730 730 CD 740 OK DK 750 XC 768 760
COMPUTE'S Gazalra COMPUTEt's GIIZ~"
November NoYomber 1986 1966
117
GOSUB 940 840 JE 790 GOSU8 BA 8£10 ~ tOOIoN}(RVSI 800 PRINT PRINT"[DOWN)[RVSJ [5 SPACESlpRESS SPACES}PRESS FIREBUT (5 TON TO PLAY AGAIN(HOME) AGAIN[HOME) :ON
CP 81£1 810 WAIT 5632e,16,16,FOR 56320,16,16iFOR I_ I54297iPOKE I.e 1,0 54272 TO 54297,POK£ ,NEXT,RUN !NEXTiHUH XX 820 POKE 204.1 204,liPOKE 207,0iR xx , POKE 207 . 8,R ETURN OK DK 918 830 GOSUS GOSUB 44e,PR.INT~(RV5} 440iPRINT"[RVS] £73 {HOME){19 [HOME}[19 OOWN)-,RE DOWN)"iR£ S78 TURN
CD 840 PO KE 54296 . 15,POKE 5429 POKE 54296,15iPOKE 54273,40:POKE 55,0:POKE . 8 , POKE 54273 . 4e I POK£ {5PACE}54278 . 240.POKE 5 {SPACE)54278,240iPOKE 4277,0 4277,£1 850 POKE 54276 54276,17iFOR A=S1 AE 85£1 . 171FOR A-51 ISPACEjTO 52 S2 STEP 51,PO S3iFO (SPACEjTO B B-A B=A TO 68-A, 60-A R JD 868 860 POKE 54273.B,NEXT 54273,BtNEXT 8.A,P B.AiP JO 5427 3,3iPOKE 54276, OKE 54273,3,POKE £I0tRETURN ,RETURN 870 DATA 2,4,5,18,1,3,1£1,18 2,4,5,10,1,3,10,10 GE 87£1 ,2,5,6,10,1,7,10,10,2,4 ,2,5,6,1£1,1,7,10,1£1,2,4 ,8,6,3,9,10,10,4,5,8,10 ,8,6,3,9,18,18,4,5,8,1£1 ..7,9 7,9 890 DATA 10,18,8 10,10,8,5,6,10,0,0 GS BBe , 5 .6.10.8.8 ,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, ,0.£1,0,8.£1.£1.8,8.£1.£1,0, 80,0,1,240,0,3,248,0,7,2 , 8 .1. 240,8.3,248.8,7,2 52,0 52 .8 QG 890 DATA 7 7,252,0,7,252,0,3, OG . 252,8 , 7,252,0 ,3. 248,8,1,248,0 , 8 ,0,8,8, 8 248,0,1,240,0,0,0,0,0,0 ,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0, ,8.8 , 0,8.8,8 , 0,8 , 8 , 0 , 0.
.0. 0,0
MB 988 900 DATA DATA 0,0,8,8,8,0,8,8,£1, 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
1190 ,.
Program 2: Malch Match BIox—Line Rime-line Substitutions For The Plus/4 and 16 A.J 10 18 DIHJ{15).J(l)-liJ(3)=8iJ DUU(l5),J(1)-l,J(3)-8,J AJ (5)=2:J{7)=4 (51-2,J(71-4
B8 180 COLOR4.7,4,COLORO,7,4,P BB 100 COLOR4,7,4:COLOR0,7,4iP RINT CHRS(9)"{CLR} CHR$(9)~(CLR) (2 DOWN)17a-SPC(14)-MAT {2 DOWN)E73"SPG|14)"MAT
CH BLOXJ2 DOWN)" 01 BLOX(2 DOWNJ~
HX 290 S_JOY(l)IIP S=JOY(1):IF S-7 S-7 THEN MT =MT-liIF HT5 THEN MT=5 (SPACE iMT)5 TIlEN MT -5 320 328 POKE POKE 3977,MT+176:POKE 3977,MT+176,POKE 22 953,15iGOTO290 953,15,GOT02ge
11K 350 MM-3111+(40*I):POKE MM-Jlll+(48 ·I) ,POKE MM, HK 16£1 ,POKE MM-1024,70iNEX HM-le24,70,H£X 160iPOKE TtPOKE T,PO KE
SS 360 360 SS
4071,160:POKE 4071.168,POK£
30 38
47,70 47,70 PRlNT~{RVsl{39 SPACES] SPACES) PRINT-[RVS}(39
(IIOME 1-, COLOR8 , 15 {HOME}":COLOR0,15
GX GX 400 POKE 1339,CL(GK,AI):PRI 1339.CL(GK,AI) :PRI NT NT T$;;NEXT:E=E+3:F=F+3 T$; , NEXT,E-E+3 : P- P+3
, PRINT - {DOWN I-,NEXT iPRINT"{DOWNJ":NEXT PS 440 440 POKE POK£ 2036,QY:POKE 2036,OY,POK£ 2035, PS QXtPOKE203 OX,POK£20377,0iSYS65520i . 8,SYS6552e.
PRINT~18LKU+I~I 'RETU RN PRINT"[BLKlE+3";:RETURN
AC AC 610 610 JY=J(JOY(1)AND15):JB=1JY-J(JOY(1)ANOI51,JB-l(JOY(1)AND128)/128 (JOY{1)AN01 28)/ 128 XM XM 810 810 IF IF (JOY(1)AND128)128 (JOY(1)k~01281e)128 (SPACE}THEN (SPAC£}TIIEN 810 818 EC EC 815 815
RUN RUN
DD DO 830 830 GOSUB GOSUB 440:PRIKT"(RVSt 440:PRINT-(RVS) [LEFT}g73 IL£FTJg7~ {HOME) (HO M£) [19 119 DOWN]":RETURN OOWNI~.R£TURN
118 118
COMPUTE'S COMPUTEr. GazoltB Gllle"e
November November 1985 1986
Fill-64 FiII-64 See illstructiolls mstmclions in article 011 on page 76 hi. before typing ill. Fill-64 Program 1: FiIt-64 83FFiFF 93FP,PF 8407,78 8407i79 840Fi4C 848P .4C 8417:88 8417.8B 841FtC9 841 F,C9 8427,4C 8427i4C 842Fi8B 842F,98 8437.8C 8437,8C 843FI03 843F,03 8447i8D 8447,80 844FiA9 844P,A,9 8457,DF 8457,OP 845Fi8D 845F,80 8467:A9 8467.A9 846FJ00 846F.00 B477j01 8477,81 847Fi07 847F.07 8497iF5 8487.F5 84BFi04 848FI84 8497iC9 8497.C9 849F120 849F,28 B4A7i56 84A7.56 84AF:04 84AF,04 84B7:04 8487.04 84BF:00 848F.0e 84C7IE8 84C7,E8 84CFiF0 84CF,F8 B4D7iA4 8407.A4 94DFiFB 840F.F8 84E7i04 84E7 ,04 84EFiE9 84EF,£9 84F7I02 84F7,82 84FFi99 84FF , 99 8507iE6 8587.£6 B50FtB9 850F , 89 8517100 8511108 851Fi7B 851F.7B 8527iB9 8527,B9 852Ft00 852F.00 8537,C9 8537.C9 853F:A6 853F.A6 8547i10 8547,18 854Fil6 854F.16 8557i24 8557,24 855Fi4C 855P.4C 8567:CB 8567,CB 856FI09 8561:',09 857716D 8577,60 B57Fi20 957FI28 8587,53 8587:53 858Fi46 858F.46 8597 , 43 8597i43 859F:57 859PI57 85A7:D2 85A7.02 B5AFt4C 85AFI4C 85B7t47 8587147 85BFtC4 85BFIC4 85C7,40 85C7:4D 85CF.43 B5CF:43 85D7j4F 8507.4F 85DF:4F 850F,4F 8SE7;43 85£7143 B5EF:00 85£F180 B5F7iCC 85F7 , CC B5FFi79 85FF.79 8607:0A 8607.8A 868FI86 B60Fi8G 8617.84 8617i84 861F , 84 B61Fi84 8627t84 8627.84 862F,84 B62F184 8637:84 8637.84 B63F:03 863F . 83 8647 . 91:' 8647i3F
4C 88 86 4C 88 F3 4C 8D 80 A9 07 85 9F £IS 05 40 40 48 40 8D 80 96 84 FF F0 24 A9 C9 84 BO BD F5 71 01 C9 55 55
24 4C 84 FB P8 4C 88 Fl 04 84 51 03 83 8D 80 8D 80 40 9D BO 8D 80 A9 03 £13 4C 0F F0 37 0F 99 3C 0B 90 00 C9 E8 £8 F0 49 D0 DO
F0 DF P0 OF FB 01 0B C8 8B C8 9E A0 02 10 82 10 A9 FF 87 87 85 02 38 3B 82 80 D0 DO 80 7A E6 E6 FA B9 B9 FA 85 10 10 30 0F 3e £IF 24 A7 M 84 84 AA CB C8 B9 89 85 B5 C8 C8 47 47 AB AS 45 45 54 54 49 49 4C 4C C8 c8 46 52 52 45 45 52 45 52 41 41 D9 09 45 45 D4 D4 45 45 52 52 4F 52 4F 47 47 45 45 50 59 55 55 47 47 45 45 41 41 SO. 5~ 20 20 F6 F6 90 90 04 e4 00 09 4C 4C AA M BD 80 48 4C 4C 48 05 84 84 05 11 84 84 11 ID 10 84 B4 29 84 84 29 AD AD 00 0e 10 10 0C 0C D0 00 03 03
88 93 4C 88 CF 4C 88 03 80 8D A9 89 09 DE O£ A9 28 20 84 04 00 40 61 80 BD 3£ 3E 85 70 78 D0 DO
4C 88 8B 47 4C 88 F7 4C A9 06 ED £0 83 03 9F 9P 80 00 9F 40 8D 80 4C 97 £Ie 00 E8 08 20 2D 25 10 ID 86 B6 38 DO D0 99 38 02 85 08
90 88 02 88 80 CB C8 38 D0 DO 9F C5 C5 E8 D0 DEI 9D B9 B9 90 DO B4 84 BC BC 99 85 85 7A 7A D0 02 00 £12 F9 B7 F9 87 04 05 04 0B eB C8 87 85 85 87 0F 0F C9 07 C9 4C 4C F3 F3 49 A0 87 87 85 85 B9 B9 87 87 D0 DO F5 F5 43 4F 4F 43 CC CC 53 53 4C 4C 49 49 D3 03 43 43 43 4F 4F 43 44 50 58 44 52 52 45 45 41 53 53 09 43 43 D9 D4 54 54 D4 D4 D4 54 54 D4 D4 52 52
C5 08 "0
C5
95 85 4C 4C
C9 DE DE C9 ED £0 A7 15 15
86 86
73 00 99 73 88 84 84 08 14 84 84 14 20 20
84 84
2C 84 84 2C 9D 90 D0 DO
AD 01 £II 4C B4 54 4C AD
92 4C 88 FF 4C 88 F2 B4 84 03 80 8D A9 90 BD 80 8D A9 A9
82 02 A9
87 49 4C 88 E1 El 4C 88 90 BD A9 88 08 £10 00 17 IF 01 06 40 8£ 8E 7A Ie 10 F4 22 3F 30 71
A6 02 00 D0 C9 C9 C9 84 7A CA F9 9E 30 05 FB 01 £9 3A E9 0F 85 £IF 98 80 08 BD F0 DB DB F0 F0 A6 F0 A0 10 PO 0F 0F F0 FO 01 FD 01 60 A0 60 28 ce C8 E8 85 F0 F0 85 0B D0 DO 99 86 B9 00 E0 £0 D0 FF FF F0 F0 CC CC B0 80 A6 38 38 FF CA CA FF 10 FA PA 10 85 30 30 85 4C 4C EF EF 4C 4F 4F 4C 57 49 49 57 00 4C 4C D0 4C 4C 45 45 52 C4 C4 55 D4 D4 55 57 57 49 49 C5 CS 4D 40 50 55 55 50 55 52 52 55 55 55 52 52 45 4C 4C 45 00 90 2fl 20 AE A.E A7 A7 90 ge 06 06 38 38 E9 £9 48 BD BO 48 FF 83 83 FF 88 84 84 0B 17 84 84 17 23 23 84 84 2F 84 84 2F 01 01 60 68 9D 90 2D 20 ae 96 60 60
4C 8F 65 4C 98 88 F8 F0 A9 05 85 03 90 8D 9F 9F 80 8D 80 BD A9 28 20 A0 £17 07 C9 P0 F0 00 D0 9£1 90 A0 C8 ca A0 88 0B 89 B9 Fe F0 39 38 00 C8 7A FA BO BD C6 80 00
no
BD
F5 F5 98 98 85 85 4C 4C 08 0B 06 06 £9 E9 P0 F0 4C 4C 05 05 A6 A6 02 D2 54 54 4F 4F 41 41 50 50 44 4£ 4E 45 45
D4
D4
42 42 42 42
4F 4F 73 73
C9 C9 28 20 CC CC
14 14 02 02 0E 0E 1A 1A 26 26
32 32 C9 C9
OF
DF
110 A0
2F 2E C8 ce 9F 8F 3F 77 94 3F 3E lA 1A 4C 8C 10 ID 08 DQ 27 3C 8C BC £4 E4 1A 1A BO BD A8 AS C5 DO D0 AD A6 44 50 5C SC 6C B1 Bl 97 18 IF IF 18 IB 95 87 87 05 FO FD 41 41 B1 Bl 8B 30 30 89 46 46 F4 F4 97 97 £7 E7 B3 B3 8F 8F 07 07 56 56 69 45 79 £7 E7 2B 76 76 DF DF 6£ 6E 10 10 21 23 75 75 E9 E9 7i 71 7e 70 10 10 ££ EE Bl Bl 38 3B 20 20 28 28 39 30 38 39 £9 E0 £6 E6 9£
864F,00 864F100 20 7£ 7E 96 86 A0 09 20 94 9A BC A0 31 37 8657.86 8657:86 20 89 B9 80 8D 20 80 8C 865F , 03 20 7E 86 A0 06 20 94 20 865F103 8667.86 8D 28 20 8C BC 8C A9 80 8667:86 20 99 89 80 866F:09 BD OF DF 9F AD 0B 9F 38 30 DE B66F:00 80 8677 .1 C A9 80 BD OF DF 9F 60 20 54 8677;3C B0 80 867F , AA 86 AD 08 9F 80 1C 9F C4 867F:AA 8D lC 8687.AO 8D 10 ID 9F AD 0A 47 8687iAD 09 9F 80 868F ,9F 80 20 AA 86 EC B68Fi9F 8D 1£ IE 9F 60 2£1 8697 ,AD l1C C 9F 80 BD 02 9F AD 10 ID 56 8697lAD 8D BC EC 869F.9F 869F:9F 80 8D 03 9F AD 1£ IE 9F 80 20 E4 98 8B 20 0A 4C 86A7 104 9F 69 86A7:04 60 28 86AF,9C SC 60 AD 90 00 90 9D F5 86AF:8C 20 56 8C 8687.C9 10 24 AD 82 02 9080 9D 0D 2C 86B7:C9 02 19 868F,04 9D 00 0D 85 05 9D 00 0D 97 07 90 9D F4 86BFI04 90 86C7 , 00 £A 03 90 9D 38 £9 E9 A0 20 EA AD 83 86C7:D0 9D 38 E9 C8 6£ 86CF ,80 £2 86CFIB0 E2 AD 06 90 6E 8607,80 86D7iB0 OA DA 20 04 88 4C 29 87 87 860F.C9 89 2£1 20 Al 86DFiC9 £13 03 10 39 20 51 B9 02 10 F6 86£7.84 86E7:04 88 B8 AD 88 00 90 9D C9 82 86£F , 01 60 F0 21 AD 82 02 90 9D CO CD 44 86EF:01 96F7 ,04 90 03 90 9D CO CD 4C 86F7:04 9D 08 D0 14 AD 83 86FF ,e5 90 9D 00 D0 ec 0C AD 06 90 20 9D 80 8D 28 86FF:05 07 9D 80 8D £IS 05 90 9D 70 8707.84 8707:04 90 9D AD 87 00 90 9D A9 e0 00 BO 8D 46 878F.A9 870F:A9 02 80 8D 80 8717.06 20 51 89 69 9S 95 B717I06 90 9D 4C 29 87 28 871P,AO 00 90 9D C9 03 98 90 18 20 FF 871FiAD 08 9F F0 83 8727.04 87 27:04 88 8B AD 17 91:' 03 20 68 872F.31:' 00 80 BD 20 98 A9 8C BC 872F:3F 87 A9 88 90 60 69 8737.9 0 80 8737i9D 8D 21 98 20 38 30 98 6D 18 CF 873F . AO 08 873FiAD 00 90 9D eA 0A 69 86 06 60 8747.91:' 6D 19 9F C9 80 C2 8747i9F A9 00 60 874F , 90 86 06 20 49 8F 4C 35 A4 70 7D S74F:90 8757.A9 BD 20 00 D0 AD 18 9F 7C 8757:A9 02 80 875F.85 FB AD 19 875F:85 F8 19 9F 85 FC AD 12 32 8767i00 8767.00 90 19 65 FO 9D 0A 69 82 02 A8 18 FD 876F,FB 80 18 9F A9 £10 PC Fl 876F:FB 00 65 FC 8D 18 8777,80 19 9F C8 98 18 8777 :8D 19 18 65 FB FF 877FI80 PC 8D 80 C8 877F:9D IF 9F A9 00 65 FC 87B7:20 9F 89 8787.28 B9 £10 00 90 9D 91 F8 FB 88 79 878F , 10 F8 F8 60 20 8A 8A AD 20 9B D9 B7BF:10 8797:BC AS 20 FO 8D 00 90 A5 65 8000 9D 20 FD A8 AS 879FlAE 28 9B BC 8C A5 C8 879F:AE 20 8A AD 20 87A7.65 80 01 90 80 IB IB 4A 87A7:65 8D 9D A9 88 00 8D 87AFt9F BD 8D 1A lA 9F 9F 28 FO AE A£ 20 29 AS 20 FD A5 878718A 20 9fl 98 BC BC 20 2£1 C£ C8 87 B7 : 8A AD 20 CE 87 C0 87BF.E£ lA 9F AD 1A lA 9F 9F 4A 41\ CD 4D 40 87BFtEE 1A 87C7i00 9D 87C710e 90 90 £8 38 86 86 AC DB DB E8 4C 38 87CF .1 B 9F 9F A9 80 90 A5 AS 3F 3F 87CF:1B 00 99 02 9D 87D7:65 8707.65 99 99 03 03 9D 90 A5 AS 64 64 99 84 30 04 30 870F,90 10 10 1A 1A A9 FF FF 99 02 02 90 87DF:9D 9D A7 87E71B9 186901 11 69 01 11 87E7:B9 03 9D 49 FF 18 B7EF:99 87£F 199 03 9D 90 B9 89 04 04 9D 90 49 49 FF FF 05 85 18 87E7 169 00 £10 99 04 94 91) 90 98 18 18 69 69 18 87E7i69 B7FF.81 8D 80 IB In 9F 9F 60 60 AD 00 00 9D 90 A8 87FF103 8807 ,0A BD 80 IB 18 9F 9F A2 01 A0 00 £10 38 38 8807:0A 880FIBO 02 82 9D 90 99 99 02 02 9D 90 EB £8 GS £8 0E 9£ 8B0F:BD 8817.£8 C8 CC OC IB 9F 90 9£1 Fl A9 A9 E6 E6 B817iE8 881F.e0 99 02 82 9D 90 60 A9 A9 00 8D 80 E7 BB1F:00 8827.18 9F 20 20 8A 8A AD 20 29 9B 9B BC 8C 3C 3C B8 27:1B 9F 882F.A5 65 65 AE AE IB IB 9F 9F EE £E IB IB 9F 9F 82 82 882F:A5 8837,90 00 80 40 40 E0 £0 04 10 10 06 06 20 20 B9 89 8837:9D 883F,FO AE AE 4C 4C 29 29 B8 88 4C 4C 78 78 8F 8F 0D 80 8B3FiFD 8847.A9 80 80 BD 80 17 17 9F 91:' A9 02 8D 80 A5 A5 B847iA9 884F .28 D0 DO A9 A9 05 £IS 8D 80 18 18 9F 9P A9 DF OF B84F:20 8857.40 8D 80 19 19 9F 9F 60 60 A9 A9 00 00 BD 80 40 4£1 8857:40 885F,17 9F 9F 20 20 78 78 BF 8F 60 60 20 20 5C 5C 0A 0A 885F:17 8867.88 A9 A9 05 8D 80 20 20 98 98 A9 A9 40 48 97 97 8867i88 886F.80 21 21 98 98 20 20 51 51 88 88 4C 4C 30 30 1A lA 886F:8D 8877 190 AD AD 17 17 9F 9F 10 18 13 13 A9 A9 80 80 B9 B9 B877:90 887F.20 AE AE 88 88 AD AD 18 18 9F 9F 18 18 69 69 11 11 887F:20 8887 , 01 8D 80 18 18 9F 9F 90 90 03 93 EE EE 19 19 01 01 88B7:01 888P ,9F 4C 4C E3 E3 8F 8F AD AD 17 17 9F 9F 10 10 12 12 B88F19F 8897,ll A9 40 40 20 20 AE AE BB 88 AD AD 18 18 Bl B1 8897 113 A9 889F , 9F 18 18 69 69 01 8D 80 18 18 9F 9F 90 90 60 60 889Ft9F 88A7.83 EE ££ 19 19 9F 9F 4C 4C 0E 0£ 90 90 AC AC 7B 7B 88A7:03 8BAF,18 9F 9F 84 84 FB F8 AC AC 19 19 9F 9F 84 84 92 92 88AF1I8 88B7.FC A0 A0 00 £Ie 91 91 FB FB 98 9B C8 C8 91 91 ED EO 98B7:FC 888F.F8 EE £E IF IF 9F 9F D0 DO 03 03 EE EE 20 20 F8 Fa 88BF:FB 88C7.9F 60 68 20 20 5C 5C 8B 88 4C 4C 51 51 88 8B 2B 28 8BC7:9F 88CP , A9 00 80 8D 80 05 05 40 40 A9 A9 00 08 8D 80 ED ED 8BCF:A9 8807.1F 9F 9F A9 A9 40 40 8D BO 20 20 9F 9F 4C 4C 12 12 8BD7ilF
