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10th International
Technology, Education and Development Conference 7-9 March, 2016 Valencia (Spain)
CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
10 years together for education.
10th International
Technology, Education and Development Conference 7-9 March, 2016 Valencia (Spain)
CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
Published by IATED Academy iated.org
INTED2016 Proceedings 10th International Technology, Education and Development Conference March 7th-9th, 2016 — Valencia, Spain Edited by L. Gómez Chova, A. López Martínez, I. Candel Torres IATED Academy
ISBN: 978-84-608-5617-7 ISSN: 2340-1079 Depósito Legal: V-337-2016
Book cover designed by J.L. Bernat All rights reserved. Copyright © 2016, IATED The papers published in these proceedings reflect the views only of the authors. The publisher cannot be held responsible for the validity or use of the information therein contained.
INTED2016
10th International Technology, Education and Development Conference
WELCOME INTRODUCTION
Dear INTED2016 participants,
Welcome to this 10th anniversary of INTED! We wish to express our most sincere thanks for being part of this inspiring forum of knowledge exchange. It is a pleasure to present a varied program with a wide range of sessions covering all aspects of learning, teaching and educational technology advances. After 10 years, this edition has brought together nearly 700 delegates coming from more than 80 countries. This will create a truly international and multidisciplinary atmosphere that will promote the interaction with other colleagues with the same aim: to meet, learn and share ideas for a better education. We hope that your participation in this conference will provide you with an opportunity to open your minds to other educational perspectives and explore new horizons. Thank you very much for your contribution to these “10 Years together for Education”.
INTED2016 Organising Committee
INTED2016
10th International Technology, Education and Development Conference
INTED2016 COMMITTEE AND ADVISORY BOARD Aaron Doering
UNITED STATES
Ignacio Candel
SPAIN
Natalie Wilmot Norhayati Ismail
Agustín López
SPAIN
Salvador Tomás
SPAIN
Alfredo Soeiro
PORTUGAL
Iolie Nicolaidou
CYPRUS
Allen Grant Alma B. Rivera-Aguilera
UNITED STATES MEXICO
Alvaro Torres
GUATEMALA
Amparo Girós
SPAIN
Ana Paula Lopes Ana Tomás
Olaf Herden
GERMANY
Ivan Traina
ITALY
Olga Teruel
SPAIN
Javier Domenech
SPAIN
Omar Majid
MALAYSIA
Javier Martí
SPAIN
Ozden Sahin Izmirli
Jayant Ghiara
UNITED STATES
SPAIN
Jelena Gledic
SERBIA
Paulo Cunha
OMAN
Peter Haber
UNITED KINGDOM
Jesudasan Fredrick Thomas
Angela Addison
UNITED KINGDOM
Jill Clark
Antonio García Beyza Yilmaz
SPAIN TURKEY
CYPRUS
Jose F. Cabeza
SPAIN
Robert Pucher
AUSTRIA
Jose Luis Bernat
SPAIN
Rodolfo Matos
PORTUGAL
PORTUGAL
Kai Zhang Kartikay Saini
Chelo González
SPAIN
Ciaran Dawson
IRELAND
Ketevan Kupatadze
Claudia Dörfer
MEXICO
Kiruthika Ragupathi
SPAIN
Dalia Hanna
CANADA
David Martí
SPAIN
Dee O'Connor
AUSTRALIA
Delyan Genkov
BULGARIA
Dušan Barać
SERBIA
Eladio Duque
SPAIN
Ellen Whitford Eva-Catherine Hillemann Evi Papaioannou
UNITED STATES AUSTRIA GREECE
Kem Rogers
Krista Lussier Leonard Walletzký Lorena López Louise Emanuel
PORTUGAL
Roman Dorczak
POLAND
INDIA
Rosellen Rosich
UNITED STATES
CANADA UNITED STATES SINGAPORE CANADA CZECH REPUBLIC SPAIN
Rosslyn Albon Ryuichi Matsuba Sam Kerr Samaneh Tarighat Sergio Pérez Shakila Yacob
SOUTH AFRICA IRAN SPAIN MALAYSIA
Slavi Stoyanov
NETHERLANDS
Mª Jesús Suesta
SPAIN
Souad Demigha
Manishkumar Varma
INDIA
Sudha Goyal
Mª Lurdes Correia Martins
PORTUGAL
Talat Allahyari
Maria Manuela Varela
PORTUGAL
Thelma de Jager
Maria Porcel
Maria Teresa Gastardo Marielle Patronis Mary Kirwan Michael Cameron
SPAIN BRAZIL GREECE UAE IRELAND NEW ZEALAND
Thor O. Olsen Tom Warms Vassilis Bokolas Victor Fester Vladimír Bradáč
Harm Tillema
NETHERLANDS
Haydar Oztas
TURKEY
Miika Kuusisto
FINLAND
Xavier Lefranc
Hulya Gorur-Atabas
TURKEY
Mohamed Alseddiqi
BAHRAIN
Yun Fat Lam
Ignacio Ballester
JAPAN
SPAIN
MOROCCO
Hussein Assalahi
UAE
Luis Gómez Chova
Fouad Chaatit
RÉUNION
UNITED STATES
UNITED KINGDOM
Maria Renata Duran
Gilles Sagodira
Roger Hill
Simon Hayhoe
PORTUGAL
MEXICO
LUXEMBOURG
UNITED KINGDOM
Filomena Soares
Gilda Rosa Bolaños
AUSTRIA
FRANCE
Bruno Guimarães
Cristina Lozano
PORTUGAL
Regis Kawecki
Ju Youn Song
TURKEY
UNITED KINGDOM
Philippos Pouyioutas
LITHUANIA
NEW ZEALAND
Paul Rea
TURKEY
FRANCE
Joanna Lees
Brigita Janiunaite
Canan Karababa
SPAIN
SPAIN
PORTUGAL
SOUTH AFRICA
SINGAPORE
Iván Martínez
Andrew Youde
Annalene van Staden
Norma Barrachina
UNITED KINGDOM
UNITED KINGDOM
Mónica Fernández
SPAIN
SPAIN
Nadia Volchansky
UNITED STATES
Wycliffe Nyaribo
Yurgos Politis Zafer Kurtaslan
FRANCE INDIA IRAN SOUTH AFRICA NORWAY UNITED STATES GREECE NEW ZEALAND CZECH REPUBLIC KENYA FRANCE HONG KONG IRELAND TURKEY
INTED2016
10th International Technology, Education and Development Conference
CONFERENCE SESSIONS ORAL SESSIONS, 7th March 2016 Collaborative Learning Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) Pedagogical & Didactical Innovations (1) Meet the Keynote Tutoring and Coaching Entrepreneurship Education (1) Management and Development in Education Experiences in Foreign Languages Education Problem-based and Inquiry-based Learning Virtual and Augmented Reality Pedagogical & Didactical Innovations (2) Learning spaces and Next Generation Classrooms Pedagogical Innovations in Primary and Secondary Education Entrepreneurship Education (2) Leadership and Management in Education Language Learning Experiences Flipped Learning Open Educational Resources Pedagogical & Didactical Innovations (3) Creative and Innovative Projects in Education and Technology ICT Innovations in Primary and Secondary Education Professional Development of Teachers Educational Experiences in Health & Life Sciences Mobile Learning in Foreign Languages Mobile Learning Social Media in Education Technology Enhanced Learning Virtual Worlds & Robotics for Inclusive Learning Inclusive Learning ICT Skills and Competencies among Teachers ICT in Health & Life Sciences Technology in Foreign Language Education
POSTER SESSIONS, 7th March 2016 Experiences in Education Research in Education
INTED2016
10th International Technology, Education and Development Conference
ORAL SESSIONS, 8th March 2016 Blended Learning Collaborative Virtual Environments Multicultural and Diversity Issues Special Education Experiences in STEM Digital Competencies & Digital Literacy ICT Experiences in Maths Education New Projects and Innovations in Primary and Secondary Education (1) e-Learning (1) Educational Software and Apps International Experiences and Mobility Programmes Supporting the Undergraduate Experience for Students on the Autism Spectrum Enhancing Learning and the Undergraduate Experience Who’s the best for the job? Experiences in Business Education New Projects and Innovations in Primary and Secondary Education (2) e-Learning (2) E-content Management and Development Evaluation and Assessment of Student Learning Critical Perspectives on 21st Century Education Links between Education and Research Competence Evaluation Experiences in Curriculum Design in Engineering Education Technology in Primary and Secondary Education Research Experiences in Online Education Learning Analytics & Big Data ICT Innovations in Higher Education Quality Assurance in Education (1) Adult & Life-Long Learning Labour Market and Skill Needs Experiences in Engineering Education Teacher Training and Development Research on Technology in Education Educational Software & Student Response Systems University-Industry Collaboration Quality Assurance in Education (2) Postgraduate and Research Experiences Work Employability Experiences in Architecture and Civil Engineering Pre-service Teacher Experiences
POSTER SESSIONS, 8th March 2016 Emerging Technologies in Education New Trends and Pedagogical Innovations
INTED2016
10th International Technology, Education and Development Conference
VIRTUAL SESSIONS Barriers to Learning Collaborative and Problem-based Learning Competence Evaluation Computer Supported Collaborative Work Curriculum Design and Innovation E-content Management and Development e-Learning Education and Globalization Education in a multicultural society Educational Research Experiences Educational Software and Serious Games Enhancing learning and the undergraduate experience Ethical issues in Education Evaluation and Assessment of Student Learning Experiences in STEM Education Impact of Education on Development Inclusive Learning International Projects Learning and Teaching Methodologies Learning Experiences in Primary and Secondary School Lifelong Learning Links between Education and Research Mobile learning New projects and innovations New Trends in the Higher Education Area Organizational, legal and financial issues Pedagogical & Didactical Innovations Pre-service teacher experiences Quality assurance in Education Research Methodologies Research on Technology in Education Student Support in Education Technological Issues in Education Technology-Enhanced Learning Transferring disciplines University-Industry Collaboration Virtual Universities Vocational Training
INTED2016
10th International Technology, Education and Development Conference
ABOUT INTED2016 Proceedings HTML Interface: Navigating with the Web browser This USB Flash drive includes all presented papers at INTED2016 conference. It has been formatted similarly to the conference Web site in order to keep a familiar environment and to provide access to the papers trough your default Web browser (open the file named "INTED2016.html"). An Author Index, a Session Index, and the Technical Program are included in HTML format to aid you in finding conference papers. Using these HTML files as a starting point, you can access other useful information related to the conference. The links in the Session List jump to the corresponding location in the Technical Program. The links in the Technical Program and the Author Index open the selected paper in a new window. These links are located on the titles of the papers and the Technical Program or Author Index window remains open. Full Text Search: Searching INTED2016 index file of cataloged PDFs If you have Adobe Acrobat Reader version 6 or later (www.adobe.com), you can perform a full-text search for terms found in INTED2016 proceedings papers. Important: To search the PDF index, you must open Acrobat as a stand-alone application, not within your web browser, i.e. you should open directly the file "INTED2016.pdf" with your Adobe Acrobat or Acrobat Reader application. This PDF file is attached to an Adobe PDF index that allows text search in all PDF papers by using the Acrobat search tool (not the same as the find tool). The full-text index is an alphabetized list of all the words used in the collection of conference papers. Searching an index is much faster than searching all the text in the documents. To search the INTED2016 Proceedings index: 1. Open the Search PDF pane through the menu "Edit > Advanced Search" or click in the PDF bookmark titled "SEARCH PAPERS CONTENT". 2. The "INTED2016_index.pdx" should be the currently selected index in the Search window (if the index is not listed, click Add, locate the index file .pdx, and then click Open). 3. Type the search text, click Search button, and then proceed with your query. For Acrobat 9 and later: 1. In the “Edit” menu, choose “Search”. You may receive a message from Acrobat asking if it is safe to load the Catalog Index. Click “Load”. 2. A new window will appear with search options. Enter your search terms and proceed with your search as usual. For Acrobat 8: 1. Open the Search window, type the words you want to find, and then click Use Advanced Search Options (near the bottom of the window). 2. For Look In, choose Select Index. 3. In the Index Selection dialog box, select an index, if the one you want to search is available, or click Add and then locate and select the index to be searched, and click Open. Repeat as needed until all the indexes you want to search are selected. 4. Click OK to close the Index Selection dialog box, and then choose Currently Selected Indexes on the Look In pop-up menu. 5. Proceed with your search as usual, selecting other options you want to apply, and click Search. For Acrobat 7 and earlier: 1. In the “Edit” menu, choose “Full Text Search”. 2. A new window will appear with search options. Enter your search terms and proceed with your search as usual.
THE TRANSFER OF KNOWLEDGE FROM UNIVERSITY TO INDUSTRY: HOW A NETWORK WORKS C. De Pablos-Heredero1, A. García-Martinez2, A. Medina-Merodio3 1
Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (SPAIN) 2 Universidad de Cordoba (SPAIN) 3 Universidad Alcala de Henares (SPAIN)
Abstract At the end of year 2014 The European Parliament approved the Reform of the Common agro-food policy (CAP) that is being now applied to the European agro. It promotes the improvement in the competitiveness of the European agro, by improving the role of agriculture associations, and by promoting the innovation and investments. Economic aids will be offered to fight against the change of the climate and the loss of bio-diversity. The lack of competitiveness derived from the Spanish agrofood industry and the analysis of the factors that meet for the creation of the economic and social value derived from a clever use of information and communication technologies, ICT in the farms, makes a requirement the creation of networks to explicit the tacit knowledge into the productive industry. The implementation of ICT for improving the energy in the farms produces efficiencies. One farm is clever when the investments in human, technological and social capital supports a sustainable economic growth and produces high levels of quality in the products and services that are being offered, all together with a rational management of natural resources. For the realization of this kind of projects it is essential the putting into common of the different core competences required coming for four groups: the managerial ones from the Business Organization group at the Rey Juan Carlos University, the computing ones provided by the Alcalá de Henares University, the knowldege of infrastructure, provided by the Polythecnic University of Madrid and the technical knowledge of the industry, offered by the Cordoba University group. The first three Universities are awarded as campuses of excellence in energy and the Cordoba University is awarded as campus of excellence in agro-food. In this paper the experience on how the network is working and transferring the knowledge into the productive industry is described. Keywords: networks, productive industry, transfer of knowledge, cooperation.
1
INTRODUCTION
To make more efficient and competitive the agro-food industry, it is very important to have into account the comsumption of energy. Huge attention has been paid to energy comsumption, the application of alternative sources of enery and more efficient transport systems. The main advantage of this focus consists on the easy translation of investments in monetary savings and the improve in the environmental impact [1]. The intelligent farm constitutes an innovative framewotk that includes higher levels of sensoring and facilitates the optimization of resources. Other innovative focus is centred on the technical capability of managerial profiles and their autonomy to manage resources from farms by making use of daily tools, as for example, mobile phones. This orientation provides mechanims so that the farmer can process in an autonomous way data that allow managing the business. Here we can find simple tools that include very complex implementation strategies. The development of experienced teamworks showing experience in the application of these tools and in the personalization of mobile devices may help to implement them. For this reason an enery efficient network has been created. The main objective of this energy efficient network in agri-food industry is to collect all these innovative orientations, since a group of applications for mobile phones that allow the deployment of a sensoring system to measure the light required in the agro-food farms and recommend options to reach higher levels of energy efficiency has not previoulsy been proposed. For this, and analysis of the economic viability of the network and the proposal, based in the development of applications and in the evaluation of farms is required. A proposal of a metric that allows measuring efficiency in the short and long term is also aimed to be provided.
Proceedings of INTED2016 Conference 7th-9th March 2016, Valencia, Spain
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ISBN: 978-84-608-5617-7
1.1
Scientific and technical proposal of the value-creation network
In particular, the network tries to perform the following contributions: offer a software that allows the optimization of energy in agro-food industry to provide them with more efficiency and levels of autonomy. Besides a deeper vision of the knowledge and acceptance of the use of mobile application and its level of satisfaction in the agro-food industry is provided. A measurement model for the value creation of these services in the agro-food industry and its environmental impact is also offered. To fulfill these objectives the value-creation network is composed by four research groups coming from 4 Public Spanish Universities, each of them with awarded as campus of international excellence. Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcalá University and Polytechnic University have been awarded in the energy field and the Cordoba University in the Agro-food field. Agriculture and farming constitute a strategic industry. As sources of primary resources, employment engine and development, this industry generates itself around a 20% of the employment in the economy [2]. According to the last figures provided by the Spanish Ministry of Industry, Commerce and Tourism (November 2015), it constitutes an 8.4% of the GNP in Spain. One of the main problems that this industry is suffering today from is the lack of profitability and competitiveness of the production and the need to increase its level of internationalization by putting into action quality actions. All these aspects come from structural shortages, obsolete systems, low prices in origin, inefficient of costs, scanty levels of participation in the decision making of the value chain, etc. [3]. The primary sector should be integrated to participate in the transformation industry and even in the rest of the agro-food chain to generate higher degrees of value added that will allow facing better response times and adverse situations as the financial and economic crisis. Farmers and ranchers at the EU face a crisis with no precedent, that has promoted the closing of many farms and, as it is shown in EUROSTAT figures, the average income of a European farmer is under 50% of the average income in the rest of productive industries, and it keeps a downward trend. Reports from the OCDE and FAO proof that agro-food industry shows strengths facing the crisis, but this situation has originated strong sacrifices to industry professionals due to the price dumping impacts. The context that the agro-food industry presents today offers great opportunities, as a consequence, above all, of its expansion in emergent markets (Latin-America, Asia, etc.) with access to the purchase of high quality products by replicating the trends arisen in the more developed countries. At the same time and together with the opportunities, some threads, derived from the global increase of competence, appear, especially those derived from firms located in emergent countries with low cost structures and progressive measures in the quality ratios. This context adds today more pressure so that the agro-food industry assures competitiveness. The atomization of the industry and the reduced dimension of firms imply the spread of additional barriers to face this situation that constitute a barrier for the sustainable growth. As a consequence of the Common Agro-food Policy Reform that applies to the European agro, the improvement in the competitiveness of the industry is promoted, by emphasizing the role that all the organizations perform and by promoting innovation and investments. Apart from fighting against the change of the climate, it is required to consider the loss of biodiversity and the increase in the efficiency and quality of both, water and soil. This reform is aligned with the challenges proposed for society in the call for research projects in the State Plan 2013-2016 and the priority research areas in terms of security and food quality and sustainable agro-food activity in the 2020 Horizon program. In this scenario it is required to apply new ways for building innovation from the crowdsourcing to open innovation frameworks that favor the capability of innovation, the change of productive structures and the competitiveness of the industry. Apart from this the agro-food industry is changing in many countries to provide more effective responses to market needs. New strategic roles, new managerial requirements concerning to environmental issues and higher degrees of progressive involvement of public, private and civil society agents emerge. The support to agricultural research systems is required but they do not have enough capability to expand the innovation capability in the industry. New business models that generate economic growth and improve the competitive of the systems are required.
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According to the innovation model proposed by [4], in today’s industry the competitiveness depends on the collaboration for innovation. Information and communication technologies are important tools that can help in building more innovative capabilities. In this network, composed by 12 members, a multi-agent system that runs in a mobile platform is going to be built. The system uses a sensor for providing different levels of light, which can be used for integrating sensors in the devices and for external lighters too. Farms can use this application in their labor contexts to know the light intensity and to adapt it to the real activity that each moment is required. This way, the consume of energy can be optimized to firm’s real needs, in an autonomous way and with the benefits produced in terms of environmental and energy efficiency. The creation of the system will be composed by, on one hand, the development of the application and, on the other by the analysis in economic and organizational terms of the optimization that a technology of this kind generates and how it contributes to the sustainable development of intelligent agro-food farms. The group from the Rey Juan Carlos University is composed by 4 researchers in the area of business management. They belong to the Strategor Research Group, a group with quality awards in the public th auction for the inclusion of research groups URJC-Santander Bank according to the resolution of 18 June, 2014. And the OpenInnova, group that analyzes the impact of open innovation practices at firms. This group will offer the network’s required competences related to the proposal of optimal business models and energy efficiency systems in the agro-food industry and they will also build the metrics to measure the efficiency. From the Polytechnic University, a member participates, He shows a deep experience in projects related with the optimization of energy and agro-food infrastructures. The group from Alcala de Henares University is composed by 5 researchers from the Computing Science Areas. They will be oriented to the development of mobile applications and the group from Cordoba University composed by two members from the research group Econogesti ARG267: Agrofood Economy and Management of the Dairy Systems. They keep the technical knowledge in the industry. The three groups maintain alliances and generic and specific collaborative agreements amongst them, and they have developed joint research projects and publish their research in impact journals and international venues. All of them participate in the OpenInnova network. It is a multidisciplinary research network located at the Rey Juan Carlos University. Recently the groups from the Rey Juan Carlos University and Alcala the Henares University have been awarded with a special mention for their results in the field of “clever energy”. The groups from the Rey Juan Carlos University and Cordoba University are part of the “Open innovation network for the diversification and internationalization of the agro-food chain in the Area 5”, recently approved and financed by the Ecuador Government.
1.2
Innovative character and network added value
An agro-food firm is clever whenever the investments in human and social capital offer a sustainable economic growth and high levels of quality of life, all together with a rational management of natural resources through participative government [5]. The main objective of the network implies an innovative focus, since the performance of an application for mobile phones that allows by means of a sensoring system the measurement of light in farms and the recommendation of more efficient options has not been developed so far. The following table (table 1) describes the methodology that is going to be used for each objective, the work teams that take part in the project according to their specialization.
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Table 1. Methodology Objective/Activity
Methodology
Delivery
-Literature review by making use of the main database systems: Web of Science and Scopus, and other reports, documents. Analysis of the economic viability of the project
-Evaluating of the models that classify intelligent farms, as ISO 37120, Boyd Cohen (2012) model and the classification of services in intelligent environments (AMETIC) - Evaluation of the services and applications based on the search of energy light efficiency Viability analysis
URJC-UAH-UPMUCO List of the services and applications that allow the management of energy efficiency and its evaluation according to use and environmental impact
UAH-UPM
Document in which the different technical aspects coming from the software, design, development and proofs are explained
Functional analysis Design
Software development
Team work
Development Proofs System’s running
Evaluation that the farms perform from this software and proposal of a metric that allows measuring efficiency in the long term
URJC-UCO Survey from the evaluation of the tool Proposal of a model to measure results
Document of the tool evaluation and its economic and environmental impact
In this Project the following working plan is provided (table 2): Table 2. Working plan Objective/Activity
Analysis of the economic viability of the project
Working plan
Times
Literature review
2 months
Evaluation and analysis of clever farms’ models
1 month
Evaluation of energy efficiency services based in light consume
1 month
Analysis of viability
1 month
Functional analysis
1 month
Design
2 months
Development
2 months
Proofs
2 months
Run of the system
4 months
Survey for the evaluation of the tool
4 months
Proposal of a model for the measurement of results
4 months
Software development
Evaluation that agro-food farms perform in this software and proposal of a metric that allows measuring the efficiency in the short and long term
Complete duration
1301
24 months
The research areas of the group members are complementary and congruent with the spirit of the network. The team has worked together in previous projects.
2
FORECASTED SOCIAL IMPACT
As a result of this progress, people who live in an era where the evolution towards the new communication ways have evolved towards new ones are referred as digital immigrants, facing the new generation of native immigrants [6] that have been trained in the era of the screens (computer, clever phones, tablets, etc.), where Internet and the connection amongst devices have built the “network society” [7] mainly characterized by the performing of a new economy based in the information as a main asset; where the traditional relationships are redesigned in a global, flexible e hyper connected world. In this context, the “Internet of things” [8], [9] appears. It is a quite new concept that. Although there is not too much academic literature on it, it constitutes a theme of economic and social interest, where it is easy to find reports [10], [11] and consultancy firms [12] that describe the economic and social interest where the impact will be higher than the industrial revolution. The advance to the Internet of things is centered on the design of competitive services, by making use as main factors the engineering and technology. This research explains that the creation of value is produced whenever the established paradigm is changed, by making use of Internet for personal and professional areas, where the markets, apart from being conversational according to the Cluetrain Manifesto [13] have the capacity to detect the needs whenever this power of dialogue may be used to monetize results. From the social perspective, the new professional profiles are not the only opportunity that new innovations present. These tools promote more than ever the pro-consumer concept [14], [15], [16] that has a special relevance since it becomes a source of new needs and exigencies. Besides, the new customers of these tools will be able to control their expenses in daily services that will allow seeking their wastes in real time. It will return into a higher capacity in savings for families. [1] Manifest this benefit and it also points out to others as home security, by providing connected systems that warn users in case of contingencies. This results in higher degrees of comfortability that allows solving problems that can emerge from the use of electronic devices in a faster way, than sometimes displacement. Besides, this kind of information can be shared, so the different agents interrelated can interact according to their availability and preferences.
3
INTEREST IN THE FIRM’S ENVIRONMENT
The Dynamic Capabilities Theory [17] supports the increase of resources, the recombination as a model to promote change management. In general these capabilities represent the ability of a Company to create, develop and modify its operational routines [18]. The innovation capability is considered from this theory as a kind of dynamic capability. Concretely, from the authors of this research perspective, the most outstanding capability from the ones that the network has developed is the ability to transform in a continuous way the ideas and knowledge in new products and processes and this produces a positive impact for firms [19]. According to it, the capability that enables the creation of knowledge [20], is the closest one to show from the Business Management perspective how the strategy for service recombination takes place. Home Kits, constitute tools that have followed this trend aligned with the integration of knowledge [21], that allow offering a more competitive product as a consequence of knowledge integration with external knowledge at firms, enabling new innovations. This can be produced in a collaborative way amongst organizations, as it is the case of adapting that knowledge to offer new services to firms. These tools offer firm’s the opportunity to micro segment the market according to the information they warehouse as a consequence of daily actions. This way the firm’s strategy can be reoriented according to the concrete customer’s needs. This situation promotes that firms provide a meticulous data analysis that offer market studies to develop and implement new services through a decision making process based in metrics. Some of the firms find barriers to exploit data in an effective way, and for this reason a new profile has been created “Data Science”. According to the World Quality Report (WQR) built by [22], the impact in the mobility business, cloud of Internet of things (IoT) leads to the investment in the quality of software.
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There are some recent experiences that manifest the interest of firms dedicated to telecommunications that are working in the development of services with the use of this technologies. Some of the most relevant cases, as for example Google, by acquiring Next owning as main product a thermostat for connection to the cloud, able enough to learn and provide information on consumer’s habits This same way, Samsung has bought the company Smarthings, that offers any kind of service that allows connecting home with different sensors. Cisco is performing an investment plan and has started to buy three start-ups dedicated to this activity. Apple, changes its model facing its competitors and Telefonica is preparing a new tool to be in this market Homekit. In these cases, the business model is established according to the reconfiguration of the traditional business and they offer a new service that implies a new experience by maintaining the traditional services. This is to say, through a new product, a price for hiring a service/infrastructure is paid to receive the service and Internet connection. Therefore, the business in maintained through new products and its activity continues as an information technology enabled business. Derived from this service, new measures in terms of digital security are required to preserve the right to the personal/business information. In this sense, [10] points out that more than a 20 per cent of firms will count on with digital security services dedicated to the protection of Business Initiatives and the use of Internet of things at the end of 2017. This means that the opportunities for development will not just be based in products and services, but with all that has relation with the industry. This reality demands highly qualified professional profiles showing high levels of expertise in technology development to enable a digital ecosystem. The described services have proofed return on assets and social return, and it enables the development of intelligent and sustainable farms.
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BBVA Innovation Center (2015). Internet de las cosas. BBVA ( http://goo.gl/qjrVKt) (20-042015)
[2]
Abella, A.; Ortiz-de-Urbina-Criado, M.; De-Pablos-Heredero, C. (2014). Meloda, métrica para evaluar la reutilización de datos abiertos, El profesional de la Información, 23(6), pp. 582-588.
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Rivas, J., De Pablos, C., Perea, J., Barba, C., Dios-Palomares, R., Morantes, M., & García, A. (2014). Adoption of technological packages in sheep farms of La Mancha, Spain. In Challenges in the future. Book of abstracts of the 65th Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science (EAAP). Copenhagen, Denmark (pp. 25-29).
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Gwartney, J., Lawson, R., & Norton, S. (2008). Economic freedom of the world 2008 Annual Report. The Fraser Institute.
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Caragliu, A.; Del Bo, C.; Nijkamp, P. (2009). Smart cities in Europe. 3rd Central European Conference in Regional Science – CERS, 2009, pp. 45-59.
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Prensky, M. (2001). Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants. In On the Horizon, 9 (5). Lincoln: NCB University Press (http://goo.gl/4oYb) (04-04-2015)
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Castells, M., et al. La sociedad red: una visión global. IICA, 2006.
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Ashton, K. (2009). That ‘internet of things’ thing. RFiD Journal, 22(7), pp. 97-114.
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Rifkin, J. (2014). La sociedad de coste marginal cero: El Internet de las cosas, el procomún colaborativo y el eclipse del capitalismo. Paidós. Madrid.
[10]
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