Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
ScienceDirect Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 180 (2015) 1074 – 1079
The 6th International Conference Edu World 2014 “Education Facing Contemporary World Issues”, 7th - 9th November 2014
Psychological aspects of the competition training in performance sport – correlational study Petruţa Coman* Piteşti, ROMANIA
Abstract
This paper presents a study made on 23 performance sports people, members of the Curtea de Argeș International Football Club. The central objective of the paper is to highlight the existence of certain correlations among the psychological dimensions directly impacting the sports people’s performance during the task. A number of 20 variables conceived to be measured with a Follow-up assessment instrument: Grid for periodical observation of behaviors in sports performance (GO-BSP) were identified. This instrument sums up 7 dimensions, i.e.: self-esteem, intrapersonal, interpersonal, adaptability, stress management, general condition, intrinsic motivation. The GO-BSP Alpha Crombach internal consistency ratio was 0.90. The self-esteem and intrapersonal, interpersonal, adaptability, stress management, general condition, intrinsic motivation variables represent key elements in the development and optimization of the personal resources representing the premise of shaping behaviors centered on sports performance increase. © Published byby Elsevier Ltd.Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ©2015 2015The TheAuthors. Authors.Published Elsevier (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of The Association “Education for tomorrow” / [Asociatia “Educatiepentrumaine”]. Peer-review under responsibility of The Association “Education for tomorrow” / [Asociatia “Educatie pentru maine”]. Keywords: self-esteem, intrapersonal, interpersonal, adaptability, stress management, general condition, intrinsic motivation, correlational analysis.
1. Introduction In the current context, football is based on peculiarities inevitably leading to the shaping of team work habits. It needs the development of certain skills in the field to be used by experts in their work with sportspeople. Acceptance, unity and mutual consideration are needed to support the personal and professional growth of all those
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1877-0428 © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of The Association “Education for tomorrow” / [Asociatia “Educatie pentru maine”]. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.02.209
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working in this field; football players and experts alike need to find specialized methods, based on science, more than on intuition and “good luck”. There is a particular problematics as regards reaching performances in the current football. It includes factors performance depends on and which, if controlled and managed, may be transformed with “science” in factors facilitating performance. The concern for increasing the performance of Romanian football teams had a quite low visibility in the last years. The ageing for high performance is still a desiderate; this statement is supported by the reality of the results in this sports field, but especially by the daily reality presented by the press. In the football game, performance supposes a complex process, based on a strong psychological aspect. For instance, the pressure during the task “may be deemed to be a dimension of the individual’s personality” (Bull, J. Stephen, 2011, p. 63). The experience I acquired in the six years of working together (coach and psychologist) in the direct work with football teams led to the design and implementation of a counseling and support model having as its purpose work centered on performance and high performance. 1.1. Purpose of the study The purpose of this study is to analyze the connection between such variables as self-esteem measured on three dimensions: self-love, self-image and self-trust (Coman, D.P., 2010, Lelord, F., Andre, Ch., 2003, Lelord, F., Andre, Ch., 2003) and intrapersonal, interpersonal, adaptability, stress management, general condition, intrinsic motivation (Stein, S.J., Book, H.E., 2003, pp. 22-23) at 23 sportsmen forming the selected group constituting the football team of the International Curtea de Argeș F.C. in the 2010 – 2011 period. The sportsmen are aged between 18 and 34. The study of the connection between the abovementioned variables in case of these sportsmen led to the possibility of highlighting the types of answers based on which certain behaviors centered on performance were manifested. The variables were built on observable indicators of the behaviors manifested by the sportsmen within the selected group. I considered that these variables might represent key elements in the development and optimization of the personal resources of the sportsmen in the task – in the competitional period – but also in the workout period preceding the competitional period. x Research method x Hypothesis There is a positive significant correlation between the level of the self-esteem variable measured on three dimensions: self-love, self-image, self-trust in the case of sportsmen of the International Curtea de Argeș F.C. football team and the following variables: intrapersonal, interpersonal, adaptability, stress management, general condition, intrinsic motivation which “dynamic traits may be valorized depending on the situation”( Stein, S.J., Book, H.E., 2003, pp. 22-23, p.21). x Subjects 23 sportsmen who were part of the selected group of the International Curtea de Argeș F.C. football team aged between 18 – 34, pupils coming from families promoting intrafamily violence, pupils aged between 14 - 18. x Tools The assessment tool was conceived as a grid of behaviors with Follow-up observable performance indicators: Grid for periodically observing Behaviors in Sports Performance (GO-BSP). Description
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Petruţa Coman / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 180 (2015) 1074 – 1079
The Grid for periodically observing Behaviors in Sports Performance (GO-BSP) is a psychological tool with 30 items. It is built to be applied through the 14 observable indicator observation method. They are: (1) – aggressiveness, (2) – aggressiveness centered on the purpose; (3) – self-control; (4) – concentration; (5) – construction; (6) – coordination; (7) – creativity; (8) – balance; (9) – determination; (10) – takeover (“give/receive” attitude); (11) – patience; (12) – responsibility; (13) – safety; (14) – tolerance. GO-BSP has the quality of being valid by reference to a real phenomenon; it is a theoretical construct including the assessment of behaviors in the task, under pressure, but also in the pre-competitional period for sportsmen’s training. The correlation between the Grid for periodically Observing Behaviors in Sports Performance (GO-BSP) and the immediate reality is highlighted by the existence of a correspondent between the behaviors measured through the test per se and the manifestation of such behaviors. The proposed observable indicators measure behaviors corresponding to the same psychological construct. The dimensions measured with GO-BSP are: (1) – Self-love (behaviors denoting constructive relationships in the task and the focus on solutions); (2) – Self-image, self-conception (behaviors denoting safety in the task, under pressure); (3) – Self-trust (behaviors centered on finality); (4) – Intrapersonal (Stein, S.J., Book, H.E., 2003, pp. 50) (behaviors denoting safety and self-control in the task, based on good self-control and an optimum level of self-knowledge); (5) – Interpersonal (Stein, S.J., Book, H.E., 2003, pp.111) (behaviors denoting unity in the interaction to team players); (6) – Adaptability (Stein, S.J., Book, H.E., 2003, pp.147) (behavior denoting anchoring in the immediate reality, in the task, and flexibility); (7) – Stress management (Stein, S.J., Book, H.E., 2003, pp. 177) (behavior denoting high tolerance to stress and a good control of impulses); (8) – General condition (Stein, S.J., Book, H.E., 2003, pp. 205) (behaviors denoting a general positive condition centered on balance and resolution); (9) – Intrinsic motivation (behaviors denoting decisive abilities in the task, quickness in finding solutions, grant safety). x Fidelity: The values of the α Cronbach coefficient measured on the 7 dimensions αGO-CPS= 0.90 denote a high internal consistency of the dimensions operationalizing GO-BSP constructs. 1.2. Correlational statistic analysis The correlations between the scores of each of the three dimensions of Self-esteem to the other 6 dimensions of the Grid for periodically observing Behaviors in Sports Performance (GO-BSP) were calculated. The significance level was established at p
