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(Acari: Parasitidae). Ewa Teodorowicz, Dariusz J. Gwiazdowicz & Jacek Kamczyc. Poznan University of Life Sciences„ Department of Forest Protection, Wojska ...
Biologia 67/3: 540—545, 2012 Section Zoology DOI: 10.2478/s11756-012-0033-x

Description of larva and protonymph of Vulgarogamasus kraepelini (Acari: Parasitidae) Ewa Teodorowicz, Dariusz J. Gwiazdowicz & Jacek Kamczyc Poznan University of Life Sciences„ Department of Forest Protection, Wojska Polskiego 71C, PL–61689 Poznan, Poland; e-mails: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract: The study presents a detailed description of a larva and a protonymph of Vulgarogamasus kraepelini together with their biometric data obtained from the analysis of 37 specimens. Moreover, the study includes complete figures that take chaetotaxy of palps and legs into consideration. Key words: mites; Vulgarogamasus; Parasitidae; Mesostigmata

Introduction The mites of the family Parasitidae, are among the most common and widely distributed of the Mesostigmata to be found in litter and humus. In addition, many species are also found in other microhabitats such as rotting wood, anthills, compost, dung, and also on insects, small mammals and in their nests. They are essentially predatory and feed upon other microarthropods, including their eggs (Hyatt 1980; Lindquist et al 2009). Even though 400 species of this family are known throughout the world, all developmental stages of only a few of them are known (Micherdzi´ nski 1969; Hyatt 1980). The description of larval or protonymphal stages and keys to determine them are missing in most cases, even in monographic studies (Holzmann 1969; Tichomirov 1977; Karg 1993). Vulgarogamasus kraepelini (Berlese, 1905) is a species of the family Parasitidae that is one of the most commonly found in forest habitats of many European countries of the Palearctic region, including following countries: Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Great Britain, Ireland, Iceland, Poland, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland (Micherdzi´ nski 1969). This species was recorded in many diverse microhabitats, most frequently in litter. It was found both in lowland and in mountainous areas at the height of 2700 m a.s.l. However, not all developmental stages of this species are completely known and described. The larva has not been known yet. However, Micherdzi´ nski (1969) presented a short description and several figures of a protonymph of V. kraepelini based on only one specimen. The aim of this study is to describe both the larva and the protonymph of Vulgarogamasus kraepelini, and to present their detailed biometric data with complete c 2012 Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences 

figures. In the future this will facilitate the identification of this species and also comparative studies with other developmental stages within this family, which may further result in a preparation of keys to the identification of larvae or protonymphs. Chaetotaxy, symbols and the numbering system of setae on the dorsal and ventral side are after Hyatt (1980). Chaetotaxy of legs and palps follows that of Evans (1963, 1969). Material and methods Mites were collected from litter in the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest located in the Siemianice Experimental Forest near K˛epno, Central Poland (51◦ 14 N, 18◦ 06 E). Samples were collected on 15.04.2009, 14.07.2009 and 16.10.2009, leg. A. Jagodzi´ nski, J. Kamczyc, R. Rakowski. Mites were extracted in Berlese Tullgren funnels for 72 hours and fixed in 70% ethanol. Forwardly, the permanent slides were made with a use of Hoyer’s medium. A key prepared by Hyatt (1980) was used to identify the species, and the data provided by Micherdzi´ nski (1969) were also analysed. Examinations were taken with a Zeiss Axioscop at 40–100× magnifications. Initial pencil drawings were prepared using a drawing tube compound. The known synonyms are given to facilitate data synthesis on this species. Individuals of V. kraepini are deposited in the collection of Department of Forest Protection, University of Life Sciences in Poznan, Poland.

Vulgarogamasus kraepelini (Berlese, 1905) Synonyms: Gamasus kraepelini (Hull, 1918), Eugamasus kraepelini (Schweizer, 1961), Parasitus kraepelini (Micherdzi´ nski, 1969), Parasitus intermedius (Berlese, 1882 sic) sensu Turk & Turk, 1952), Paracarpais (Aceocarpais) kraepelini (Athias-Henriot, 1978).

Description. Larva (n = 12). Oval body of milkywhite color, with the length of idiosoma ranging from

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Fig. 1. Vulgarogamasus kraepelini (larva): A – dorsal view; B – ventral view (pa. s. paranal setae, po. s. – postanal seta, eu. s. – euanal setae). Scales 100 µm.

320 to 475 µm; the average length is 407 µm. The width of idiosoma ranges from 200 to 300 µm; the average width is 246 µm. The pronotal shield (230– 235 × 225 µm) with irregular edges and 9 pairs of pi-

lose setae is located in the anterior part of the dorsal side (Fig. 1A). Setae s4 (110–115 µm) and z5 (110– 115 µm) are the longest ones. Other setae are significantly shorter: j1 (36–40 µm), j3 (21–23 µm), j4

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Fig. 2. Vulgarogamasus kraepelini (protonymph): A – dorsal view; B – ventral view (pa. s. paranal setae, po. s. – postanal seta, eu. s. – euanal setae). Scales 100 µm.

(42–45 µm), j5 (30–31 µm), j6 (34–35 µm), z2 (25– 27 µm), z4 (47–49 µm). There is no ornamentation on this shield. 9 pairs of pilose setae, variable in length, are also located below the pronotal shield: J2 (29–31 µm), J3 (43–47 µm), J4 (56–60 µm), J5 (37–39 µm), s6 (32– 34 µm), S2 (25–27 µm), S3 (21–23 µm), S4 (26–0 µm), S5 (41–43 µm). The sternal shield (162–165 × 92–97 µm) with a pair of setae st1 (30–31 µm) is located on the ventral shield. Setae st2 (31–33 µm) and st3 (29–30 µm) are outside the shield (Fig. 1B). Tritosternum with a base measuring 32 µm and laciniae measuring 54–58 µm (Fig. 3E) is located above the shield. 4 pairs of pilose setae, variable in length (from 23–27 to 43–45 µm), are located below the sternal shield. A delicate, reticulate ornamentation and very long paranal setae (94–101 µm) and a postanal seta (220–225 µm) are located on the anal shield (45–55 × 78–80 µm). A pair of euanal setae present. Stigmata and peritremes are absent. Corniculi horn like (24–25 µm). Pilose hypostomal setae of similar length: h1 (36–37 µm), h2 (38 µm). 11 rows with tiny denticles in the center of hypostome. From 12 to 28 denticles (Fig. 3I) per row. The epistome

is triramous. Two lateral apices are higher and thin, the central one is lower and wide at the base (Figs 3A, B). Fixed digit with 5 teeth and pilus dentilis, while movable digit (42 µm) with 3 teeth (Fig. 3G). The pedipalps 270–275 µm long have five free segments. The chaetotaxy is shown by the following formula – trochanter 0 (no setae), femur 4, genu 5, tibia 12, tarsus 11. The anterolateral setae (al) on the femur and genu are variously modified. Tarsus bears on its inner basal angle a movable flattened fork-like structure – apotele (Fig. 3K). Legs variable in length: I (520–550 µm), II (350–375 µm), III (360–380 µm). Setation of leg segments I–III follows given scheme: antero-laterals – dorsals/ventrals – posterolaterals, respectively: coxae I: 0-0/2-0, II: 0-0/2-0, III: 0-0/2-0; trochanters I: 1-0/2-1, II: 1-0/2-1, III: 1-0/2-1; femora I: 2-4/3-1 II: 1-4/1-1, III: 1-2/1-1; genua I: 1-4/2-1, II: 1-4/0-1, III: 1-4/0-0; tibiae I: 2-2/3-1, II: 1-3/2-1, III: 1-3/2-1; tarsi I: 28; II: 14; III: 14. (Figs 4A–D). Description. Protonymph (n = 25). Oval body with the length of idiosoma ranging from 460 to 580 µm; the average length is 524 µm. The width of idiosoma ranges

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Fig. 3. Vulgarogamasus kraepelini (larva): A, B – epistom; E – tritostermum; G – chelicerae; I – gnathosoma; K – pedipalp; (protonymph): C, D – epistom; F – tritostermum; H – chelicerae; J – gnathosoma; L – pedipalp. Scale 25 µm.

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Fig. 4. Vulgarogamasus kraepelini (larva): A – tasus I; B – leg I; C – leg II; D – leg III; (protonymph): E – leg I; F – leg II; G – leg III; H – leg IV. Scales 100 µm.

from 260 to 370 µm; the average width is 297 µm. On the dorsal side are a pronotal shield (280–290 × 265 µm) and a pygidial shield (93 × 120–130 µm); two pairs of mesonotal scutellum (9–11 × 11–14 µm and 3–5 × 4–6 µm) between them (Fig. 2A). 11 pairs of pilose setae, variable in length, are located on the pronotal shield. The longest setae are the follows: z5 (119– 124 µm), s4 (82–87 µm), s5 (69–71 µm), j5 (65–70 µm); while the shortest are: j2 (39–44 µm), z2 (48–52 µm). Setae r2 (42–45 µm), r3 (160–166 µm), r5 (17–20 µm) and s6 (31–34 µm) are outside the shield. 5 pairs of pilose setae are located on the pygidial shield: J3 (52– 55 µm), J4 (55–65 µm), J4 (72–96 µm), Z3 (59–65 µm),

J5 (69–75 µm). 9 pairs of setae are located between the pronotal and the pygidial shields; seta R1 (14–15 µm) is the shortest one and Z1 (62–67 µm), Z2 (60–67 µm), J2 (60–65 µm), S4 (60–65 µm) and S5 (60–63 µm) are the longest ones. The two shields are covered with a delicate, reticulate ornamentation. Tritosternum more likely as for an adult form with a base 40 µm long and laciniae with the length of 65 µm (Fig. 3F) is located on the ventral side above the sternal shield. 3 pairs of setae are located on the sternal shield (184–210 × 105–123 µm); seta st1 (46–47 µm) is longer than st2 and st3 (37–38 µm) (Fig. 2B). The anal shield (41–50 × 54–75 µm) with two paranal se-

Description of larva and protonymph of Vulgarogamasus kraepelini tae. The paranal setae (29–32 µm) are shorter than the postanal (42 µm) seta, all revealing a fine pilosity. A delicate ornamentation is visible on the shield. 6 pairs of setae, variable in length: from 11–12, through 25–31, to 40–46 µm are located between the sternal and anal shields. Peritreme is short (45 µm) located in the region of coxae III/IV. Corniculi horn like (31–35 µm). Hypostomal setae are pilose and variable in length: h1 (42–50 µm), h2 (44–45 µm), h3 (32–37 µm), h4 (40–45 µm). 11 rows with tiny denticles in the center of hypostome. From 17 to 37 denticles (Fig. 3J) per row. The epistome is triramous. The apices are most frequently furcate and the central one is the lowest one (Figs 3C, D). Fixed digit has 6 teeth and pilus dentilis, while movable digit (58–59 µm) has 3 teeth (Fig. 3H). Palps are 210–215 µm long. The chaetotaxy is shown by the following formula – trochanter 1, femur 4, genu 5, tibia 12, tarsus 15. The anterolateral setae (al) on the femur and genu are variously modified. Tarsus bears on its inner basal angle a movable flattened fork-like structure – apotele (Fig. 3L). Legs variable in length: I (685–705 µm), II (470–485 µm), III (465– 485 µm), IV (755 µm). Setation of leg segments I–IV with scheme aplied: antero-laterals – dorsals/ventrals – posterolaterals, respectively: coxae I: 0-0/2-0, II: 0-0/20, III: 0-0/2-0, IV: 0-0/1-0; trochanters I: 1-0/2-1, II: 1-0/2-1, III: 1-0/2-1, IV: 1-1/2-0; femora I: 2-4/3-1 II: 0-4/3-1, III: 1-3/1-0, IV: 1-3/0-0; genua I: 1-4/2-1, II: 1-4/0-1, III: 1-4/0-1, IV: 1-4/0-0; tibiae I: 2-2/3-1, II: 1-3/2-1, III: 1-3/2-1, IV: 1-3/2-1; tarsi I: 30; II: 15; III: 15, IV: 15. (Figs 4E-H). Differential diagnosis. Actually, only one drawing of the dorsal side of a protonymph and figures of its tectum, chelicera, the third tarsus and the fourth leg are that of Micherdzi´ nski (1969). They are alike all figures given herein, although between pronotal and pygydial shields two pairs of mesonotal scutellum are absent, probably due to their inconspicous character. Also worth mentioning are finley pilose paranal setae, which according to Micherdzi´ nski’s (1969) short description of a ventral side, are said to be simple.

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References Athias-Henriot C. 1978. Paracarpais n.g (type Gamasus furcatus G. et R. Canestrini, 1882) et redescription de Paracarpais infernalis (Wilmann, 1940) (Parasitiformes, Parasitidae). Rev. Suisse Zool. 85 (1): 47–53. Berlese A. 1905. Acari nouovi. Materiali pel ‘Manipulus V’. Redia 2: 231–238 Evans G.O. 1963. Observations on the chaetotaxy of the legs in the free-living Gamasina (Acari: Mesostigmata). Bull. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. Zool. Ser. 10 (5): 275–303. Holzmann C. 1969. Die Familie Parasitidae Oudemans 1901 (eine systematische Studie aus dem Jahre 1955). Acarologie 13: 3– 55. Hull J.E. 1918. Terrestial Acari of the Tyne Province. Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Northtumb. 5 (1): 13–88. Hyatt K.H. 1980. Mites of the subfamily Parasitinae (Mesostigmata: Parasitidae) in the British Isles. Bull. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. Zool. 38 (5): 237–378. Karg W. 1993. Acari (Acarina), Milben Parasitiformes (Anactinochaeta), Cohors Gamasina Leach. Raubmilben. In: Die Tierwelt Deutschlands und der angrenzenden Meeresteile nach ihren Merkmalen und ihrer Lebensweise, 59. Teil, 2. ¨ Uberarbeitete Auflage, VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, 523 pp. ISBN: 3-93137448-3 Lindquist E.E., Krantz G.W. & Walter D.E. 2009. Order Mesostigmata, pp. 124–232. In: Krantz G.W. & Walter D.E. (eds), A manual of Acarology (Third Ed.), Texas Tech. Univ. Press, Lubbock, 816 pp. ISBN-10: 0896726207, ISBN-13: 9780896726208 Micherdzi´ nski W. 1969. Die familie Parasitidae Oudemans 1901 (Acarina, Mesostigmata). Pa´ nstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Kraków, 660 pp. Schweizer J. 1961. Die Landmilben der Schweiz (Mittelland, Jura und Alpen.) Parasitiformes Reuter. Denkschr. Schweiz. Naturforsch. Ges. 84: 1–207. ISBN-10: 3764380632, ISBN-13: 978-3764380632 Tichomirov S.I. 1977. Seme˘ıstvo Parasitidae [Family Parasitidae Oudemans, 1901], pp. 55–107. In: Gilyarov M.S. & Bregetova N.G. (eds), Opredeliteľ obitayushchikh v pochve kleshche˘ı, Mesostigmata [Key to the Soil-inhabiting Mites, Mesostigmata], Nauka Press, Leningrad, 718 pp. Received June 2, 2011 Accepted February 10, 2012