Dec 20, 2007 ... Hydraulic and Structural Analysis of Morey's Dam with the Implementation of a
Fish Passage. A Major .... 2.6 Spillway Design & Hydraulics .
LDA-0807 PPM-0807 Morey’s Dam Restoration Project Hydraulic and Structural Analysis of Morey’s Dam with the Implementation of a Fish Passage
A Major Qualifying Project Report: submitted to the Faculty of the WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science by
Yisel Mantilla
Bethany Santangelo
Michael Butler Date: December 20, 2007 Approved: Professor Leonard Albano, Major Advisor Professor Paul P Mathisen, Major Advisor
Abstract This project includes a design for the rehabilitation of a small dam and incorporated fish passage. It also investigates this design processes and elements that must come together for the design of a small dam with a fish passage channel. Requiring analysis in the disciplines of hydraulics, hydrology and structural engineering, the focus of this project was to create a design that specifically suited the site located at the outflow of Lake Sabbatia, on the Mill River in Taunton, Massachusetts.
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Authorship Bethany Santangelo, Mike Butler, and Yisel Mantilla shared the writing responsibilities of the background of the report. Yisel and Bethany were primarily responsible for the writing represented in the Introduction, Results, and Conclusion sections. Each team member focused on writing specific sections. Mike Butler was responsible for the work in 3.1 Hydrologic Analysis and 4.1 Hydrologic Analysis. Bethany Santangelo focused on 3.1.4 Fish Passage Hydrology, 3.2 Hydraulic Analysis, 4.1.4. Fish Passage Hydrology, and 4.2 Hydraulic Analysis. Yisel Mantilla focused on 3.3 Structural Analysis and 4.3 Structural Analysis. Yisel Mantilla and Bethany Santangelo shared authorship on 3.4 Cost Analysis and 4.4 Cost Analysis.
Yisel Mantilla
Bethany Santangelo
Michael Butler
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Contents ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................. I AUTHORSHIP .......................................................................................................................................... II CONTENTS .............................................................................................................................................. III LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................................. VII LIST OF TABLES..................................................................................................................................... IX 1
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 1
1.1
Site Geography ............................................................................................................................................. 2
1.2
Capstone Design ........................................................................................................................................... 2
2
BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................ 4
2.1
Ecology Restoration ...................................................................................................................................... 4
2.2
Hydrology ..................................................................................................................................................... 4
2.3
Soil Characteristics ........................................................................................................................................ 5
2.4 Dams ............................................................................................................................................................ 8 2.4.1 Types of dams .............................................................................................................................................8 2.5 Concrete Gravity Dams ................................................................................................................................. 8 2.5.1 Forces and Stability Conditions of the Structure ........................................................................................9 2.5.2 General Design considerations for Dams .................................................................................................10 2.6 Spillway Design & Hydraulics ...................................................................................................................... 10 2.6.1 Identifying Flow Profiles ...........................................................................................................................11 2.6.2 Fish Passage Design ..................................................................................................................................14 2.7
Cost Estimating ........................................................................................................................................... 15
2.8
Existing Conditions ..................................................................................................................................... 16
2.9
Implications of Background Information..................................................................................................... 19
3
METHODOLOGY........................................................................................................................... 20
3.1 Hydrologic Analysis ..................................................................................................................................... 20 3.1.1 Mill River Watershed Hydrology ...............................................................................................................21
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3.1.2 3.1.3 3.1.4
Physical Characteristics ............................................................................................................................22 Meteorological Characteristics .................................................................................................................30 Fish Passage Hydrology ............................................................................................................................33
3.2 Hydraulic Analysis....................................................................................................................................... 34 3.2.1 Spillway Hydraulics ...................................................................................................................................36 3.2.2 Fish Passage Hydraulics ............................................................................................................................38 3.3 Structural Analysis ...................................................................................................................................... 40 3.3.1 Reinforcement Design for the Structure ..................................................................................................46 3.3.2 Fish Ladder Analysis ..................................................................................................................................48 3.4
Cost Analysis............................................................................................................................................... 49
3.5
Summary of Methods ................................................................................................................................. 50
4
RESULTS & ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................ 51
4.1 Hydrologic Analysis ..................................................................................................................................... 51 4.1.1 Fish passage Hydrology ............................................................................................................................56 4.2 Hydraulic Analysis....................................................................................................................................... 57 4.2.1 Tailwater Analysis .....................................................................................................................................58 4.2.2 Spillway Analysis .......................................................................................................................................59 4.2.3 Fish Passage Hydraulics ............................................................................................................................64 4.3 Structural Design Calculations for the Dam................................................................................................. 66 4.3.1 Load Calculations ......................................................................................................................................66 4.3.2 Structural Analysis of the Fish Ladder ......................................................................................................70 4.4
Cost Analysis............................................................................................................................................... 73
4.5
Summary of Results .................................................................................................................................... 76
5
CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................. 80
WORKS CITED ....................................................................................................................................... 82 APPENDIX A. HYDROLOGIC ANALYSIS. ......................................................................................... A APPENDIX B. FISH PASSAGE HYDROLOGY ................................................................................... R APPENDIX C. HYDRAULIC ANALYSIS. ......................................................................................... 5-Z APPENDIX D. PLANS .......................................................................................................................... EE APPENDIX E. COST ESTIMATING .................................................................................................. HH iv
MAJOR QUALIFYING PROJECT REPORT PROPOSAL: ............................................................... LL 1
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 1
1.1
Capstone Design Process .............................................................................................................................. 1
1.2
Mill River Geography .................................................................................................................................... 2
2
BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................ 3
2.1 General Purpose of Dams. ............................................................................................................................ 3 2.1.1 Types of Dams. ...........................................................................................................................................3 2.1.2 Forces on Embankment Dams. ...................................................................................................................4 2.1.3 Forces in Concrete Dams. ...........................................................................................................................4 2.1.4 Forces Combination for Structural Analysis of Dams .................................................................................4 2.1.5 Settlements ................................................................................................................................................4 2.2
Reconstruction vs. Repair of Dams. .............................................................................................................. 5
2.3
Environmental Concerns. .............................................................................................................................. 5
2.4 Fish Ladder ................................................................................................................................................... 6 2.4.1 Types of Fish Passages. ...............................................................................................................................6 2.5 Morey’s Bridge Dam: Existing Conditions ..................................................................................................... 9 2.5.1 DCR Size & Hazard Classification ..............................................................................................................10 2.6 Pertinent Engineering Data ......................................................................................................................... 10 2.6.1 Drainage Area ...........................................................................................................................................10 2.6.2 Reservoir ...................................................................................................................................................10 2.7
Constraints on Mill River Restoration Projects............................................................................................ 10
3
METHODOLOGY........................................................................................................................... 12
3.1
Define the Problem and Goals. ................................................................................................................... 12
3.2 Assess and analyze existing site conditions................................................................................................. 12 3.2.1 Literature review ......................................................................................................................................12 3.2.2 Present dam assessment ..........................................................................................................................13 3.2.3 Identify design constraints .......................................................................................................................13 3.3 Hydraulic Design ......................................................................................................................................... 13 3.3.1 Dam & Spillway .........................................................................................................................................13 3.3.2 Fish Passage ..............................................................................................................................................14 3.4 Structural Design ........................................................................................................................................ 14 3.4.1 Dam & Spillway Structure .........................................................................................................................14 3.4.2 Fish Passage ..............................................................................................................................................14 3.5
Evaluate the Economic Factors. .................................................................................................................. 15
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3.6
Write Report............................................................................................................................................... 15
APPENDIX A. MILL RIVER LOCATION & SOIL DATA................................................................... I
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List of Figures FIGURE 1. FIGURE 2. FIGURE 3. FIGURE 4. FIGURE 5. FIGURE 6. FIGURE 7.
MOREY'S BRIDGE DAM SITE RELATIVE TO TAUNTON, MA. ..........................................................................................2 BASIC WATER CYCLE. (UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 2007) ....................................................5 TYPES OF SOIL PRESENTED IN THE SITE .....................................................................................................................6 SHASTA DAM IMPOUNDS THE SACRAMENTO RIVER IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA (MICROSOFT ENCARTA 2007) .......................9 EQUILIBRIUM CONDITIONS.....................................................................................................................................9 SUMMARY OF LOADS ACTING ON A BASIC GRAVITY DAM. ...........................................................................................10 FLOW TYPES. A) UNIFORM FLOW; B) UNSTEADY UNIFORM FLOW; C) STEADY, UNIFORM FLOW; D) UNSTEADY, VARIED FLOW; E) UNSTEADY, VARIED. (NED H. C. HWANG 1996) .......................................................................................................... 11 FIGURE 8. FLOW PROFILES. (NED H. C. HWANG 1996) ..........................................................................................................12 FIGURE 9. HYDRAULIC JUMP. (STURM 2001) .......................................................................................................................14 FIGURE 10. DENIL FISHWAY SECTION. (QUINN 2007) .............................................................................................................15 FIGURE 11. CURRENT SPILLWAY CONDITION SHOWING GATE HOUSE SUPPORTS. ...........................................................................16 FIGURE 12. DEAD MUSSELS ON THE RIVER BED. .....................................................................................................................16 FIGURE 13. TEMPORARY COFFER DAM. ...............................................................................................................................17 FIGURE 14. FROM BENEATH THE BRIDGE AND GATE HOUSE. PVC PIPES AND GATE HOUSE SUPPORTS. ..............................................17 FIGURE 15. TEMPORARY COFFER DAM PLAN DRAWING. (PARE CORPORATION 2007) ..................................................................18 FIGURE 16. HYDROLOGIC METHODOLOGY FLOWCHART ..........................................................................................................21 FIGURE 17. LOCATION OF MILL RIVER WATERSHED................................................................................................................23 FIGURE 18. AUTOCAD 2007 REPRESENTATION OF MILL RIVER WATERSHED OUTLINE. ................................................................23 FIGURE 19. CN VALUES. (NATIONAL RESOURCE CONSERVATION SERVICE 2004).........................................................................25 FIGURE 20. DIVISION OF LAND USE. ....................................................................................................................................26 FIGURE 21. HEC-HMS LAYOUT .........................................................................................................................................31 FIGURE 22. BASIN CHARACTERISTIC TABS. ............................................................................................................................32 FIGURE 23. METEOROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS TAB. ...........................................................................................................32 FIGURE 24. CONTROL SPECIFICATION ...................................................................................................................................32 FIGURE 25. HYDRAULIC ANALYSIS FLOWCHART. ....................................................................................................................35 FIGURE 26. HYDRAULIC CROSS SECTIONS, PLAN VIEW..............................................................................................................36 FIGURE 27. SHARP CRESTED WEIR (A) AND OGEE SPILLWAY (B). (HWANG, FUNDAMENTALS OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING SYSTEMS 1989) ..................................................................................................................................................................37 FIGURE 28. EXAMPLE FISHWAY. (MARYLAND DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES 2007) ........................................................39 FIGURE 29. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS FLOWCHART A. ...............................................................................................................40 FIGURE 30. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS FLOWCHART B.................................................................................................................41 FIGURE 31. COFFER DAM PLAN VIEW. (PARE CORPORATION 2007) ..........................................................................................42 FIGURE 32. FORCES ACTING ON DAM. ..................................................................................................................................43 FIGURE 33. SHEAR DIAGRAM. ............................................................................................................................................47 FIGURE 34. DENIL FISHWAY DIMENSION AND HORIZONTAL BAFFLE (SPACING FOR VARIOUS FISHWAY WIDTHS). (ASCE 2003) ...........48 FIGURE 35. EXAMPLE FISHWAY. (MARYLAND DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES 2007) ........................................................49 FIGURE 36. BASIC DENIL FISHWAY DESIGN ELEMENTS. (ODEH, DISCHARGE RATING EQUATION AND HYDRAULIC CHARACTERISTICS OF STANDARD DENIL FISHWAYS 2003) ...........................................................................................................................49 FIGURE 38. MILL RIVER WATERSHED RUNOFF HYDROGRAPH AT MOREY'S BRIDGE DAM FOR PMS .................................................52 FIGURE 37. GLOBAL SUMMARY TABLE. ................................................................................................................................52 FIGURE 39. DRAINAGE AREA VS. MAXIMUM HISTORICAL FLOWS...............................................................................................53 FIGURE 41. MAXIMUM FLOW ASSOCIATED WITH HYDRAULIC ANALYSIS ......................................................................................54 FIGURE 40. RAINFALL DATA FROM USWB TP 40 FOR TAUNTON WATERSHED. ...........................................................................54 FIGURE 42. HYDROGRAPH ASSOCIATED WITH HYDRAULIC MAXIMUM FLOW................................................................................55 FIGURE 43. GOOGLE EARTH IMAGE OF TAIL WATER CHANNEL. ..................................................................................................57 FIGURE 44. EXPANSION AND CONSTRICTION COMPARISON, LOW FLOWS. ...................................................................................62 FIGURE 45. EXPANSION AND CONSTRICTION COMPARISON, AVERAGE FLOWS. .............................................................................63 FIGURE 46. EXPANSION AND CONSTRICTION COMPARISON, HIGH FLOWS. ..................................................................................63 FIGURE 47. DENIL FISHWAY SECTION VIEWS. (ODEH 2003) ....................................................................................................65 FIGURE 48. FISHWAY HEAD AND DISCHARGE VALUES AT FIRST BAFFLE. ......................................................................................65
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FIGURE 49. DEAD LOAD. ...................................................................................................................................................66 FIGURE 50. UPSTREAM HYDROSTATIC LOADS.........................................................................................................................66 FIGURE 51. UPLIFT PRESSURE.............................................................................................................................................67 FIGURE 52. FISHWAY CROSS SECTION. .................................................................................................................................71 FIGURE 53. COST DISTRIBUTION. ........................................................................................................................................75 FIGURE 54. PROPOSED SITE PLAN........................................................................................................................................78 FIGURE 55. DAM REINFORCEMENT......................................................................................................................................79 FIGURE 56. FISH LADDER PLAN. ..........................................................................................................................................79 FIGURE 57. CURRENT USGS DATA REGARDING THE MILL RIVER AND ITS WATERSHED.................................................. A FIGURE 58. LAND USAGE WITHIN THE MILL RIVER WATERSHED. ................................................................................................ D FIGURE 59. IMPERVIOUS AREA WITHIN MILL RIVER WATERSHED ................................................................................................ E FIGURE 60. HMR-51 ISOPLUVIAL MAP (COMPLETE FIGURES PROVIDED IN DATA FILES) ................................................. F FIGURE 61. MILL RIVER WATERSHED RUNOFF HYDROGRAPH AT MOREY'S BRIDGE DAM................................................................ Q FIGURE 62. HISTORICAL DAILY MEANS DATA. (UNITED STATES GEOLOGIC SURVEY (USGS) 2007) ................................................. R FIGURE 63. HDM CONTINUED ............................................................................................................................................. S FIGURE 64. HDM CONTINUED. ............................................................................................................................................ T FIGURE 65. HDM CONTINUED. ........................................................................................................................................... U FIGURE 66. SPILLWAY CREST CONDITIONS, UNDER ALL ANALYZED FLOW RATES. .......................................................................... CC FIGURE 67. SPILLWAY CREST CONDITIONS, FLOW RATES
