Jan 10, 2018 - Abstract. Anemia is one of the most common types of diseases experienced by people in developing countries but gets less attention to deal.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
PAPER • OPEN ACCESS
Detection anemia based on conjunctiva pallor level using k-means algorithm To cite this article: N Sevani et al 2018 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 420 012101
View the article online for updates and enhancements.
This content was downloaded from IP address 139.81.162.67 on 01/10/2018 at 20:45
2nd Nommensen International Conference on Technology and Engineering IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 420 (2018) 012101 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/420/1/012101 1234567890‘’“”
'HWHFWLRQ DQHPLD EDVHG RQ FRQMXQFWLYD SDOORU OHYHO XVLQJ k-means aOJRULWKP
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
,QWURGXFWLRQ $QHPLDLVRQHRIWKHZRUOG¶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¶V FOLQLFDO VLJQV EDVHG RQ WKH SDOORU OHYHO RI WKH PHPEUDQHXQGHUWKHH\HVSDOPVRUQDLOV>@+RZHYHUDPRQJDOOWKHFOLQLFDOVLJQRSWLRQV WKHH\HPHPEUDQHLVDSDUWWKDWKDVDKLJKDFFXUDF\WKDQWKHRWKHUV>@,QDGGLWLRQSDOHQHVV RIWKHPHPEUDQHRIWKHXQGHUH\HVLVSDUWRIWKHERG\WKDWLVJHQHUDOO\VDPHLQDOOSHRSOHLQ WKHZRUOGDQGQRWEHLQIOXHQFHGE\WKHVNLQFRORURIWKHYDULRXVUDFHVDQGHWKQLFJURXSVWKDW H[LVW>@
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd 1
2nd Nommensen International Conference on Technology and Engineering IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 420 (2018) 012101 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/420/1/012101 1234567890‘’“”
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
)LJXUH ,PDJH DIWHU PDQXDO VHOHFWLRQSURFHVV
)LJXUH 8QGHU H\H LPDJH ZKR ZLOOEHSURFHVVHG
2
2nd Nommensen International Conference on Technology and Engineering IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 420 (2018) 012101 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/420/1/012101 1234567890‘’“”
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ܥ LVWKHFHQWURLGFOXVWHUYDOXH݊ FOXVWHUGDWDWRWDOYDOXHDQG݀ LV WKH GLVWDQFH EHWZHHQ HDFK FOXVWHU $Q H[DPSOH RI D FDOFXODWLRQ SURFHVV FDQ EH VHHQ LQ 7DEOH ZKLFK VKRZV WKH LQLWLDO SL[HO FRORU YDOXHV DQG WDEOH ZKLFK VKRZV WKH LQLWLDO FOXVWHUYDOXHZKLFKLVWKHYDOXHRIWKHFHQWURLG ܥ భ σ ୀ൬
ೖ
൰
ௗ
7DEOH&RORU3L[HO9DOXH 'DWD 5 * %
7RJHWWKHFHQWURLGYDOXHWKHPLGGOHYDOXHRIHDFKFRORUDWWULEXWHZLOOEHXVHG([DPSOHRI WKHFRORUDWWULEXWH5ZLWK,GLV 7KHVWHSKDVGRQHZKHQHDFKFHQWURLGYDOXHRI HDFKFRORUGDWDZDVREWDLQLQJ
3
2nd Nommensen International Conference on Technology and Engineering IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 420 (2018) 012101 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/420/1/012101 1234567890‘’“”
7DEOH)LUVW&OXVWHU9DOXH Initial Centroid Cluster 5 * %
iii. Euclidean distance cDOFXODWLRQIRUHYHU\FOXVWHU&DOFXODWLRQRI(XFOLGHDQGLVWDQFH ZLWK HTXDWLRQ ZKHUH ݅ݔLV WKH YDOXH RI WKHx FHQWURLGFOXVWHU DQG yi LV WKH YDOXHRI WKH \ FHQWURLGFOXVWHU ݀ሺ௫ǡ௬ሻୀඥሺ௫ି௬ሻమାሺ௫ି௬ሻమ )RU H[DPSOH XVLQJ SL[HO GDWD LQ WDEOH DQG FOXVWHU GDWD LQ WDEOH WKH FDOFXODWLRQ IRU FOXVWHULV G ඥሺͳͻ െ ͺͻǤͷሻଶ ሺͳͷͻ െ ͻǤͷሻଶ ሺͳͺͷ െ ͻʹǤͷሻଶ GDWDZLWKclusteU G ඥሺͳͶ െ ͺሻଶ ሺͳ͵ͻ െ ͻǤͷሻଶ ሺͳͳ െ ͺͲǤͷሻଶ GDWDZLWKcluster G ඥሺͳͺ െ ͻ͵ሻଶ ሺͳͷ െ ͺǤͷሻଶ ሺʹͲʹ െ ͳͲͳሻଶ %DVHGRQDERYHUHVXOWIURPWKHFDOFXODWLRQ(XFOLGHDQGLVWDQFHDWGDWDRQFOXVWHU G LVZKLOHGDWDRQFOXVWHU G LV7KHVWHSVZLOOEHUHSHDWHGIRU HDFKFOXVWHURIHDFKGDWD7KHH[DPSOHIURPWKHFDOFXODWLRQGLVWDQFHRIHDFKFOXVWHUZLWK WKHLQLWLDOGDWDLQ7DEOHDQG7DEOHUHVXOWZLOOVKRZLQ7DEOH 7DEOHCluster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
4
2nd Nommensen International Conference on Technology and Engineering IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 420 (2018) 012101 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/420/1/012101 1234567890‘’“”
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
)LJXUH$SSOLFDWLRQIORZFKDUW
&OXVWHULQJLPDJHWUDLQQLQJ 7KH GHVLJQ RI WKH DQHPLD GHWHFWLRQ DSSOLFDWLRQ EDVHG RQ WKH SDOORU OHYHO RI WKH XQGHU H\H PHPEUDQHEHJLQVZLWKWKHFOXVWHULQJVWDJHVHWRILPDJHWUDLQLQJWKDWSHUIRUPHGRQWKHEDFN HQGVLGH7KHDLPRIWKHFOXVWHULQJSURFHVVLVWRVWRUHWKH5*%LPDJHGDWDWKDWLQSXWWHGE\WKH XVHU REWDLQ WKH 5*% YDOXH IURP WKH LPDJH DQG VWRUH WKH YDOXH LQ WKH GDWDEDVH )LJXUH GLVSOD\VWKHDSSOLFDWLRQLQWHUIDFHIRULQSXWWLQJWKHLPDJH
5
2nd Nommensen International Conference on Technology and Engineering IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 420 (2018) 012101 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/420/1/012101 1234567890‘’“”
)LJXUHInput Set Image Trainning Process )LJXUHInput Analysis Process. 7KHXVHUDOVRQHHGVWRLQSXWWKHJHQGHUDVVKRZQLQILJXUHDQGFOLFNLQJWKHDQDO\]HEXWWRQ WRVWDUWWKHV\VWHPWRSHUIRUPFOXVWHULQJWKHGRPLQDQWFRORULQKH[DGHFLPDOIRUPDW7KHQH[W VWHSLVWRFRQYHUVHWKHKH[DGHFLPDOYDOXHLQWR5*%YDOXHDQGVWRUHWKHYDOXHWRWKHGDWDEDVH WKDWGRQHE\FOLFNLQJWKHVXEPLWEXWWRQ7KHFRQYHUVLRQSURFHVVFDQEHVKRZQLQILJXUHDQG WKHGDWDEDVHFDQEHVKRZQLQILJXUH
)LJXUH Hexadecimal Conversion Process )LJXUHDatabase (YDOXDWLRQ ,QWKHHYDOXDWLRQSKDVHZHXVHEODFNER[WHVWLQJZKLWHER[WHVWLQJDQGDFFXUDF\WHVWLQJE\ FRPSDUHWKHUHVXOWRIWKHGHWHFWLRQSURFHVVEHWZHHQXVLQJDSSOLFDWLRQDQG*&+E(DV\7RXFK KHPRJORELQWHVWNLWV7KHEODFNER[WHVWLQJPDGHE\GLVSOD\LQJWKHDSSOLFDWLRQDQGGLVWULEXWH WKHTXHVWLRQQDLUHDERXWWKHDSSOLFDWLRQWRWKLUW\VL[XVHUV7KHUHDUHWKUHHHYDOXDWLRQIDFWRUVLQ WKHTXHVWLRQQDLUHVXFKDVDSSOLFDWLRQGLVSOD\ XVHULQWHUIDFH IXQFWLRQDOLW\RIWKHDSSOLFDWLRQ WKHRYHUDOODSSOLFDWLRQ7KHUHVXOWRIWKHEODFNER[WHVWLQJLVVKRZQLQILJXUH
h^ Z ^^ ^^D Ed'ZW, 'ŽŽĚ
ŶŽƵŐŚ
ϯϬ
Ϯϵ ϱ /ŶƚĞƌĨĂĐĞ
Ϭ
ĂĚ Ϯϲ
ϰ &ƵŶĐƚŝŽŶ
Ϭ
ϴ
Ϭ
KǀĞƌĂůů
)LJXUH8VHUUDWLQJJUDSK :KLWHER[WHVWLQJLVGRQHE\WHVWLQJWKHORJLFDOIORZLQWKHDSSOLFDWLRQVXFKDVORRSLQJDQG SURFHVV LQ WKH V\VWHP 7KHUH DUH IRXU FDWHJRULHV WHVWHG E\ XVLQJ ZKLWH ER[ WHVWLQJ 7DEOH VKRZWKHUHVXOWRIWKHZKLWHER[WHVWLQJ
6
2nd Nommensen International Conference on Technology and Engineering IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 420 (2018) 012101 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/420/1/012101 1234567890‘’“”
7DEOH:KLWH%R[7HVWLQJ7DEOH ([DPLQDWLRQ 5HVXOW ,QSXWLPDJHIURPWKHSKRQHJDOOHU\ 6XFFHVV 'HWHFWLRQSURFHVVRIWKHLQSXWLPDJH 6XFFHVV 'LVSOD\WKHGHWHFWLRQUHVXOW 6XFFHVV *LYHDUHIHUHQFHEDVHRQWKHGHWHFWLRQ 6XFFHVV UHVXOW
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³+DHPRJORELQ FRORXU VFDOH IRU DQHPLD GLDJQRVLV ZKHUH WKHUH LV QR ODERUDWRU\ D V\VWHPDWLF UHYLHZ´ International Journal of Epidemiology, 9RO >@ .KDQ $GHHO $KPHG DQG 0XKDPPDG 0DVRRG .DGLU ³$FFXUDF\ DQG 8VH RI :+2 +HPRJORELQ&RORU6FDOHIRU'LDJQRVLVRI$QHPLD$PRQJ3UHJQDQW:RPHQE\+HDOWK &DUH3URYLGHULQ3HULXUEDQ6HWWLQJLQ.DUDFKL3DNLVWDQ´Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, 9RO >@ 0DUQ+HLNRDQG-XOLD$OLVRQ&ULWFKOH\³$FFXUDF\RIWKH:+2+DHPRJORELQ&RORXU 6FDOH IRU WKH GLDJQRVLV RI DQHPLD LQ SULPDU\ KHDOWKFDUH VHWWLQJ LQ ORZ LQFRPH FRXQWULHV D V\VWHPDWLF UHYLHZ DQG PHWDDQDO\VLV´ Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, 9RO >@ 1 6LQKD 3 5 'HVKPXNK DQG % 6 *DUJ ³(YDOXDWLRQ RI :+2 KDHPRJORELQ FRORXU VFDOH SDOPDUSDOORUIRUVFUHHQLQJRIDQDHPLDDPRQJFKLOGUHQ PRQWKV LQUXUDO :DUGKD,QGLD´Indian Journal Medis, >@ 6KHWK 7DUDQJ 1 1LWHHVK . &KRXGKU\ 0DWW %RZHV DQG $OODQ 6 'HWVN\ ³7KH 5HODWLRQRI &RQMXQFWLYDO3DOORU WR WKH3UHVHQFHRI$QHPLD´Journal Gen Intenr Med, >@ &KHQ@ 6XQHU 6HOLP *UHJRU\ &UDZIRUG -RKQ 0F0XUG\ DQG *UHJRU\ -D\ ³1RQLQYDVLYH 'HWHUPLQDWLRQ RI +HPRJORELQ E\ 'LJLWDO 3KRWRJUDSK\ RI 3DOSHEUDO &RQMXQFWLYD´ The Journal of Emergency Medicine 9RO >@ /LX 1D DQG 5XLIHQJ
