Disaster Management in Delhi

Disaster Management in Delhi A PREPARED COMMUNITY

IS A SAFE COMMUNITY

DELHI DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY Government of NCT of Delhi

GEOLOGICAL SETTING OF DELHI 

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Delhi, the capital of India bounded by the IndoGangetic alluvial plains in the North and East, by Thar desert in the West and by Aravalli hill ranges in the South. The terrain of Delhi is flat in general except for a low NNE-SSW trending ridge which is considered and extension of the Aravalli hills of Rajasthan. Seismicity around Delhi appears to be associated with a major geological structure, which is known as the Delhi-Hardwar Ridge.

DELHI & SEISMIC ZONING 

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Delhi located in zone IV which has fairly high seismicity where the general occurrence of earthquakes is of 5-6 magnitude, a few of magnitude 6-7 and occasionally of 7-8 magnitude. Delhi thus lies among the high-risk areas. In the past, five earthquakes of Richer Magnitude 5.5 to 6.7 are known to have occurred in the UT of Delhi or close to it since 1720 AD. Two major lineaments namely DelhiHaridwar ridge and Delhi-Moradabad faults pass through the territory. Normal depth of 30 km may be assumed for these earthquakes.

DELHI SETTLEMENT PATTERN & EARTHQUAKE VULNERABILITY 

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Pockets with high rise buildings or ill-designed highrisk areas exist without specific consideration of earthquake resistance. The Central Business District namely Connaught Place, numerous District Centres and sprouting high rise group housing schemes are high risk areas due to the vertical as well as plan configurations. The walled city area, the trans-Yamuna area, and scattered pockets of unplanned settlements also figures as high risk zones due to their substandard structures and high densities. The city's settlement pattern needs to be viewed in relation to location and geological characteristics.

DELHI & EARTHQUAKES – A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 

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Mahabharata mentions about earthquakes during the war at Kurukshetra (Circa 3000 BC). Earthquake of year 893 or 894 which took place not far from Delhi in which many persons died 1720 earthquakes (intensity IX in Delhi) Earthquake of 22 March 1825 (Intensity VI) Earthquake of 17 July 1830 (Intensity VIII) Earthquake of 24 October 1831(Intensity VI)

DELHI & EARTHQUAKES – RECENT HISTORY 

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Khurja earthquake (M6.7) of 10 October 1956 in which 23 persons were killed in Bulandshahr Earthquake (M6.0) of 27 August 1960 near Delhi wherein about 50 persons in Delhi were injured Earthquake near Moradabad on 15 August 1966 that killed 14 persons in Delhi. Damage to one of the minarets of Delhi's Jama Masjid during the (M4.0) earthquake on 28 July 1994. 1999 Chamoli earthquake (M6.5) took place about 280 km from Delhi. Several buildings in Delhi sustained non-structural damage possibility due to peculiar geological and geotechnical features if this area.

IT IS THEREFORE SEEN THAT DELHI IS PRONE TO SEVERE EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE BOTH BY NEARBY EARTHQUAKES AND BY LARGE EARTHQUAKES OCCURRING IN THE HIMALAYAS.

DELHI – STRUCTURAL SAFETY BACKGROUNDER 

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Vital issue of the earthquake safety performance of buildings, ancient monuments & infrastructure in Delhi, the capital city of India. As per Vulnerability Atlas of India (1997), for shaking intensity VIII, 6.5% houses in Delhi have high damage risk , and 85.5% houses have moderate damage risk. Most buildings in Delhi may not meet codal requirements on seismic resistance Disaster prevention involves engineering intervention in buildings and structures to make them strong enough to withstand the impact of natural hazard.

STRUCTURAL SAFETY & BUILDING CODES IN INDIA 

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Bureau of Indian standards, the National Standard Body of India, is a Statutory Organization under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act 1986. One of the activity is formulation of Indian Standards on different subjects of Engineering through various Division Councils. Bureau of Indian Standards has laid down the code of practice for design criteria of structures. Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) has published the following seismic codes 

IS : 1893 (2002) – criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures

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IS : 4326 (1993) – earthquake resistant design and construction of buildings

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IS : 13827 (1993) – earthquake resistance of earthen buildings

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IS : 13828 (1993) – earthquake resistance of low strength masonry buildings

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IS : 13920 (1993) – ductile detailing of RCC structures

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IS : 13935 (1993) – repair and seismic strengthening of buildings

DELHI EARTHQUAKE SAFTEY INITIATIVE (2002 – 2008) 

BACKGROUND – This multi-year project funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) was designed to improve earthquake safety in several major cities in India.  In particular, it addressed the vital issue of the earthquake safety performance of "lifeline buildings" (i.e., important facilities) in Delhi, the capital city of India.  Delhi is located in seismic zone IV, the second highest earthquake hazard zone in India.  Many lifeline buildings could be damaged when earthquakes strike, limiting the government's ability to deliver critical services. 


RESPONSE – To improve seismic safety in India by building capacity to undertake seismic assessment and retrofit projects.  An experience-based, hands-on approach, pairing highly regarded and experienced US practitioners from the private, public, academic, and non-governmental sectors with local Indian counterparts to transfer knowledge and arrive at locally appropriate solutions.  Five lifeline buildings selected to be retrofitted as part of this project - the Delhi Secretariat, the Delhi Police Headquarters, Ludlow Castle School, several buildings at Guru Tegh Bahadur (GTB) Hospital, and the Delhi Divisional Commissioner's Office. 


IMPACT – 

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Ludlow Castle School was retrofit using a prescriptive system of micro-concrete "seismic belts" developed in India and specified in the Indian building code. Two concrete office buildings at the Delhi Divisional Commissioner's Office complex were retrofitted using reinforced concrete shear walls. The retrofit scheme for the Secretariat was to consist of "wrapping" columns to improve their ability to deform during an earthquake Police Headquarters was to be retrofitted using a combination of new shear walls and modification of existing walls. At GTB Hospital, the retrofit was to consist of anchoring interior brick partition walls and equipment.


OUTCOME & LEARNINGS – 

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MODEL SCHOOL – development of comprehensive awareness and evacuation plans, conduct of preparedness drills, and commencement of structural retrofitting in Delhi’s government schools. Capacity building in earthquake engineering among Delhi government engineers. The Delhi Public Works Department created a "circle" for seismic retrofit within its organization Demonstrated how to identify vulnerabilities in buildings and how to reduce earthquake risk. Educated stakeholders about nonstructural concerns (falling hazards) that can pose immediate danger to building users, even without the occurrence of an earthquake. Produced a set of earthquake safety training manuals for teachers and students

STRUCTURAL SAFETY – CONCERNS & ISSUE AREAS FOR FUTURE 

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No legal framework to require that all constructions in Delhi must implement seismic code provisions. Systematic studies are needed on vulnerability of different types of constructions in the NCT of Delhi. Need to develop a rational seismic retrofitting policy, first for the government- owned buildings and later for the private constructions. Need for updating seismic code especially with regard to construction of bridges, flyovers & metro projects.

RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKE VULNERABILITY – DISASTER MANAGEMENT ACT 2005 

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The Parliament enacted the Disaster Management Act in 2005. The Act envisages the formation of : National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA) & District Disaster Management Authorities (DMAs). Accordingly, the Delhi Disaster Management Authority (DDMA) was formed at NCT level in March, 2008. Eleven districts DMAs have been formed at district level.

The Disaster Management Act 2005 establishes: DELHI DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY Chairperson Hon’ble Lt. Governor Govt. of NCT of Delhi

Vice Chairperson Hon’ble Chief Minister

Member Hon’ble Minister in charge

Member Chief Secretary / CEO

Member GOC (HQ)

Convener/Member Pr. Secretary (Rev) Div. Comm.

Member Comm. Of Police

Member Comm. MCD

Member Jt. Secretary (DM) MHA

Member Pr. Secretary (Home)

STATE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF DDMA

Chief Secretary Chief Executive Officer

Pr. Secretary (Home) Member

Pr. Secretary (Public Works Department) Member

Pr. Secretary (Revenue) Member

Pr. Secretary (Urban Development ) Member

DISTRICT DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY

District Magistrate Chairman

Elected Representative Co Chairperson

Additional District Magistrate/Chief Executive Officer, DDMA Member

Deputy Commissioner (Police) Member

Zonal Deputy Commissioner Municipal Corporation of Delhi Member

Superintendenting Engineer, Public Work Department, Member

Chief District Medical Officer (Health) Member

17

Emergency Support Functionaries (ESFs) Framework for Delhi

ESF

Function

Coordinator

Members

ESF1

Communication

MTNL

NIC, Police, Revenue Wireless, Private Telecom

ESF2

Evacuation

Police Department

Army,Health Dept, Civil Defence, Delhi fire Service, NCC

ESF3

Search and Rescue

Secy. Home

Fire Deptt, Police, Civil Defence, Army

ESF4

Medical Health/Trauma

Secy. Health

Major Hospitals, CATS, St. John Ambulance, Civil Defence

ESF5

Equipment Support

Secy. Urban Development

MCD, PWD, NDMC, Cantt.Board, DDA, JAL Board

ESF6

Helplines, Warning Dissemination & coordination Media coverage

Pr. Secretary (Revenue/Disaster Management)

All Emergency Support Functionaries (ESFs), Media Agencies

ESF Framework for Delhi – Cont’d

ESF

Function

Coordinator

Members

ESF7

Drinking Water

CEO, Jal Board

DJB

ESF8

Electricity

Secy. Power

Transco, Power Companies (NDPL/BSES)

ESF9

Relief (Food and Shelter)

Pr. Secretary (Revenue/Disaster Management)

Civil Supplies Corporation, Civil Defence, Volunteer Organisations

ESF10

Debris and Road Clearance

Commissioner, MCD

PWD, NDMC, Cantt. Board, DDA, MES, CPWD

ESF11

Law and Order

Commissioner, Police

Civil Defence, Home Guards

ESF12

Transport

Secy. Transport

DTC,DMRC

Transport

Law and Order

Debris & Road Clearance

Relief(Food & Shelter)

Electricity

Drinking Water

Helplines, Warning

Equipment Supp.

Medical Health

Search & Rescue

Evacuation

Communicatio n

Emergency Support Function (ESF) EMERGENCY OPERATION

Incident Commander District Magistrate

CAPACITY BUILDING & COMMUNITY EDUCATION 

Carrying

out

awareness

campaigns

development programs: a) Workshops , b) Seminars, c) Trainings, d) Mock Drills, e) Publicity through media campaign, f) Street Plays

and

capacity

AT A GLANCE : Achievements (2009-2011) SN

Activities

District New Delhi

District

District

District

District

District

District

District

West

SW

South

North

NW

East

Central

778

420

675

192

733

50

1553

1055

210

5666

316

22

600

30

80

10

1200

241

190

2689

75

10

156

38

190

125

100

35

80

809

34

14

09

06

43

06

38

10

20

180

1084

300

740

520

5809

150

5000

1752

7000

22355

553

118

549

105

283

126

300

352

62

2448

2010

350

2785

456

4590

200

4000

1125

3720

19236

81

273

33

15

204

13

36

670

190

1515

District NE

1.

Number

of

Awareness

Programmes

conducted

Total

in last 3 years.

2.

Number

of

Programmes

Training conducted

in last 3 years.

3.

Number of RWA plans made in last 3 years.

4.

Number of Relief Centers identified in last 3 years.

5.

Number of CDVs trained in last 3 years.

6.

Number of School Plans prepared in last 3 years.

7.

Number of Teachers oriented in Disaster Management in last 3 years.

8.

Number of Mock Drills conducted Jhopris,

in

Jhuggi

Market

Trade

Associations, Community level in last 3 years.

Total

54898

TESTING EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS..MEGA MOCK DRILL 2011

ACTIVITIES IN RUN UP TO MEGA MOCK DRILL 2011  

IEC Interventions Media campaign:   

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FM Radio News Papers Outdoor Media – BQS, Unipole, Metro, Bridge Panel, etc. SMS

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Orientation and Sensitization Workshops for    

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Rallies, Flyer distribution, Nukkad Nataks, Public Lectures, Apada Mitra Kapil Dev as the Goodwill ambassador of the mock drill

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Members of Delhi Legislative Assembly High Court Judiciary Judges and Lawyers of District Courts Government Departments Residence Welfare Associations Slum areas

ACTIVITIES IN RUN UP TO MEGA MOCK DRILL 2011 

Brainstorming Workshops with: 

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Architects, Doctors, Engineers.

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Mock Drills in:     

Schools & Colleges Malls, Metro Stations Hotels RWAs Govt. Departments

Preparatory Mock Drills at:

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State level District Level

Programmes Conducted Before the Mega Mock Drill:   

108 Awareness programs 23 Training Programs 27 Mock drills for different sections of society

STATE LEVEL MEGA MOCK DRILL SCENARIO 

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The exercise started at 11:30 hrs on 15th February simultaneously in all nine districts of NCT An earthquake of magnitude 7.9 on Richter Scale occurred on DelhiMoradabad fault line, at 11:30 hrs on 15 Feb 2012. The epicentre of the earthquake was 275 km East of Delhi, near Moradabad Tremor lasted for 48 seconds The potential intensity of the earthquake is between MSK VIII-IX. Extreme weather conditions As a result of the above there has been,    

Massive collapse of infrastructure A significant number of medical casualties The walled city, East, NE and West Delhi, suffered the maximum Fire and Gas leaks have occurred at number of places

STATE MEGA MOCK DRILL – OUR PARTNERS          

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NDMA Divisional Commissioner, DDMA (HQ) All 9 District Magistrates and DDMA Delhi Police Delhi Fire Services Health Department MCD NDMC Food & Civil Supplies Dept. Transport Department and Delhi Transport Corporation HQ Delhi Area provided 10 teams of observers, one for each district and one for DDMA (HQ)

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Selected Govt. and private hospitals All Ambulances of CATS and St John Ambulance Brigade. BSES and NDPL and their DM Teams Delhi Jal Board and their DM teams MTNL and DM teams Civil Defence of respective districts. . DG NDRF and nine teams of NDRF Ghaziabad 8th BN Directorate of NCC, Delhi. DMRC Local and State level NGOs, working in respective Distt. Delhi International Airport (P) Ltd. Schools, educational institutions, hospitals, malls, shopping complexes, residential areas and office premises

LOCATIONS OF MEGA MOCK DRILL

Place Affected

Number

Place Affected

Number

School (Government)

1025

Metro Stations

7

School (Private)

24

DC Office

5

Colleges

34

Flyovers

6

Hospitals

24

CNG/LPG Stations

11

Cinema Hall

5

Road Accident

1

Resident Welfare Association

9

Hotel

1

Government Office Building

14

Industry

1

Market Association

7

Foot Over Bridge

1

Petrol Pump

9

Slum/ JJ Colony

4

High Rise Building

3

Airport

1

Malls

7

Parking Area

2 TOTAL = 1206

THIRD PARTY AUDIT – FOSTERING EFFECTIVE APPRAISAL & LEARNING 

Assessment was made by the audit teams under four heads: Emergency Operation Centre (EOC)  Incident Sites  Hospitals  Relief Camps

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The Col GS, HQ Delhi Area was the overall coordinator The Headquarter Delhi Area provided 09 Observer Teams comprising of officers, JCOs and ORs for each of the 09 districts of Delhi and DDMA (HQ) Nearly 350 personnel from Headquarter Delhi Area The Army Audit Teams assessed nearly 125 locations

MEGA MOCK DRILL – VALUE ADDITIONS….. 

STRENGTHS –

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LEARNINGS – 

 Vast

Media Campaign  Response of PCR  Response of Civil Defence  DISTRICT MAGISTRATES – Leading from the front  Focused Approach

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Location of NDRF inside Delhi Raising of State Disaster Response Force State of the Art EOC Survey of Vulnerable Buildings Compatible Communication Procurement of Basic Equipment Standardisation of SOPs of Various ESFs Training of Stake Holders

Glimpses of Earthquake Preparedness Exercise

WORKSHOP FOR HONʼBLE MEMBERS OF DELHI VIDHAN SABHA

AWARENESS ACTIVITIES & COMMUNITY OUTREACH ……

EVACUATION OF CASUALTIES

EVACUATION DRILL AT LG HOUSE

DROP COVER HOLD EXERCISE IN SCHOOLS

STREET PLAYS

CIVIL DEFENCE VOLUNTEERS IN ACTION

DELHI FIRE SERVICE IN ACTION

RESCUE WORK AT CIVIC CENTRE

NDRF IN ACTION AT METRO STATION

MOCK DRILL IN METRO STATION

ARMY OBSERVERS AT DDMA (HQ)

STATE EOC IN ACTION

Hon’ble VC, NDMA at the State EOC

HONʼBLE CM AT THE PRESS CONFERENCE ON 15TH FEB.

MEDIA CAMPAIGN

UPCOMING QRT VEHICLES …..

"That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.” (Neil Armstrong)