A new sponge Desmapsamma vervoorti spec ... - Naturalis repository

Commemorative volume for the 80th birthday of Willem Vervoort in 1997

A new sponge Desmapsamma vervoorti spec. nov. (Poecilosclerida: Desmacididae) from Indonesia R . W . M . v a n Soest

Soest, R.W.M. van. A new sponge Desmapsamma vervoorti spec. nov. (Poecilosclerida: Desmacididae) from Indonesia. Zool. Verh. Leiden 323, 31.xii.1998: 427-434, figs 1-3.— ISSN 0024-1652/ISBN 90-73239-68-0. R.W.M. van Soest, Institute for Systematics and Ecology (Zoologisch Museum), University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94766,1090 GT Amsterdam, e-mail: [email protected]. Key words: Porifera; Indonesia; new species; Desmapsamma. A new poecilosclerid sponge species Desmapsamma vervoorti spec. nov. is described from several Indonesian localities: Ambon, Jedan, Salayar, Komodo, Java, and Irian Jaya. The species was earlier reported from several Indo-Pacific localities as D. anchorata (Carter, 1882), a common Caribbean shallow water species. Comparison with Caribbean specimens makes it clear that Indo-Pacific specimens demonstrate small but consistent differences.

Introduction Several Indo-Pacific sponge species still bear names of species o r i g i n a l l y described f r o m the western A t l a n t i c a n d Caribbean. A n example is Desmapsamma anchorata (Carter, 1882), a c o m m o n species i n s h a l l o w waters of the western A t l a n t i c (cf. V a n Soest, 1984), w h i c h has been reported f r o m N o r t h - E a s t A u s t r a l i a (Burton, 1934), a n d East A f r i c a (Burton, 1959; Pulitzer-Finali, 1993). It is likely that Indo-Pacific specimens reported as Desmacidon reptans R i d l e y & D e n d y (1887) f r o m Japan (Tanita & H o s h i n o , 1990) a n d the South C h i n a Sea ( L i n d g r e n , 1897) b e l o n g to the same species, since D. reptans - o r i g i n a l l y described f r o m B r a z i l - is generally considered a junior s y n o n y m of D. anchorata. O n close examination, other w i d e - s p r e a d Indo-Pacific/western A t l a n t i c 'species' i n v a r i a b l y t u r n e d out to consist of closely related b u t clearly different sister species. T w o sponge examples m a y suffice to illustrate this: (1) Biemna tubulata (Dendy, 1905) w a s o r i g i n a l l y recorded f r o m the I n d i a n O c e a n a n d subsequently f r o m the C a r i b b e a n (De Laubenfels, 1936; V a n Soest, 1984); specimens f r o m the latter area are n o w considered to represent a separate species, Biemna caribea P u l i t z e r - F i n a l i (1986). (2) Lissodendoryx isodictyalis (Carter, 1882) w a s o r i g i n a l l y described f r o m the Caribbean, a n d subsequently f r o m e.g. Indonesia (Carter, 1886; Topsent, 1897); the Indonesian specimens were described as t w o different species, v i z . L. similis a n dL.ternatensis b y Thiele (1899; 1903), w h i c h w a s c o n f i r m e d b y later authors (e.g. H o f m a n & v a n Soest, 1995). In line w i t h these c o m p a r i s o n s I m a d e a close s t u d y of Siboga E x p e d i t i o n a n d I n d o n e s i a n - D u t c h Snellius II E x p e d i t i o n samples p r o v i s i o n a l l y i d e n t i f i e d as Desmapsamma anchorata, a n d c o m p a r e d the results w i t h Curaçao, Bonaire a n d C o l o m b i a n samples. T h i s s t u d y revealed that b o t h sets of samples s h o w s m a l l b u t consistent differences a n d a c c o r d i n g l y the Indonesian samples are referable to a n e w species, w h i c h w i l l be described b e l o w .

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Van Soest, Desmapsamma vervoorti spec. nov. from Indonesia. Zool. Verh. Leiden 323 (1998)

Material and methods Specimens f r o m the f o l l o w i n g localities w e r e s t u d i e d , a l l i n c o r p o r a t e d i n the P o r i f e r a collection of the Zoölogisch M u s e u m A m s t e r d a m : Z M A P O R . 836 (Siboga E x p e d i t i o n Sta. 162, labelled Desmapsamma anchorata, det. M . Burton), 838 (Siboga E x p e d i t i o n Sta. ?7, labelled Desmapsamma anchorata, det. M . B u r ton), 839 (Siboga E x p e d i t i o n Sta. 273, labelled Desmapsamma anchorata, det. M . Burton), 841 (836 ( A m b o n , coll. W i l l e m s Geerooms, labelled Desmacidon reptans, n o identifier mentioned, p r e s u m a b l y G.C.J.Vosmaer), 844 ( A m b o n , coll. W i l l e m s Geeroms, labelled Desmacidon reptans, n o identifier mentioned, p r e s u m a b l y G . C . J . Vosmaer), 2754 (Siboga E x p e d i t i o n Sta. 213, labelled Desmapsamma anchorata, det. M . Burton), 7887 (Snellius II E x p e d i t i o n Sta. 4.010, labelled Desmapsamma s p e c , det. R. v a n Soest), 8190 (Snellius II E x p e d i t i o n 4.007, labelled Desmapsamma s p e c , det. R. v a n Soest), 8206 (Snellius II Exped i t i o n Sta. 4.007, labelled Desmapsamma s p e c , det. R. v a n Soest), 8403 (Snellius II Exped i t i o n Sta. 4.079, labelled Desmapsamma s p e c , det. R. v a n Soest). F o r c o m p a r i s o n specimens i n the Z M A collections i d e n t i f i e d as Desmapsamma anchorata f r o m Curaçao, Bonaire, V e n e z u e l a , C o l o m b i a (cf. V a n Soest, 1984) a n d the C a p e V e r d e Islands (cf. V a n Soest, 1993) w e r e also s t u d i e d . P r e p a r a t i o n for light m i c r o s c o p y a n d S E M f o l l o w e d the u s u a l procedures (see for instance V a n Soest, 1984). Spicule size data are based o n 25 measurements. Taxonomic part P h y l u m Porifera Class D e m o s p o n g i a e O r d e r Poecilosclerida Suborder M y x i l l i n a H a j d u et al., 1994 D e f i n i t i o n : Poecilosclerida w i t h tridentate or polydentate, arcuate o r anchorate chelae. F a m i l y D e s m a c i d i d a e S c h m i d t , 1870 E m e n d e d d e f i n i t i o n : M y x i l l i n a w i t h tridentate anchorate o r unguiferate chelae a n d d i a c t i n a l ( n o r m a l l y oxeote) megascleres. N o m o r p h o l o g i c a l differentiation i n ectosomal a n d c h o a n o s o m a l megascleres. R e m a r k s : T h e contents of the f a m i l y D e s m a c i d i d a e are here n a r r o w e d d o w n to i n c l u d e o n l y the type genus Desmacidon a n d the closely related genus Desmapsamma. T h i s is i n s p i r e d b y recent refinements m a d e b y H a j d u et al., 1994, i n the classification of the Poecilosclerida, based o n the shape of the chelae a n d the differentiation a n d shape of the megascleres. A former, v e r y w i d e concept of D e s m a c i d i d a e (often cited as " D e s m a c i d o n i d a e " ) has been s h o w n to be inconsistent a n d untenable ( H a j d u et al., 1994). D e s m a c i d i d a e are the sister f a m i l y of the M y x i l l i d a e s.S., f r o m w h i c h they differ i n the lack of styles. It is p r e s u m e d that these have become replaced b y the ectosomal tornotes w h i c h are p r e d o m i n a n t l y oxeas i n D e s m a c i d i d a e .


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G e n u s Desmapsamma B u r t o n , 1934 T y p e species: Fibularia anchorata Carter, 1882 D e f i n i t i o n : D e s m a c i d i d a e w i t h p a u c i s p i c u l a r isotropic reticulation; s a n d i s nor m a l l y i n c o r p o r a t e d i n variable quantities, especially f o u n d at the surface. R e m a r k s : The m a i n differences w i t h the o n l y other genus currently assigned to the f a m i l y , i.e. Desmacidon, are the m o r e anisotropic system of thick spicule tracts a n d the absence of s a n d of that genus. Desmapsamma vervoorti spec. n o v . (figs 1, 2 A - E , 3 A - E ) Desmacidon reptans Lindgren, 1897: 21; ?Tanita & Hoshino, 1990:127, pi. 13 fig.3, text-fig. 78 (not: Rid ley & Dendy, 1886: 345). Desmapsamma anchorata Burton, 1934: 547; Burton, 1959: 239; Pulitzer-Finali, 1993: 295; Hooper & Wiedenmayer, 1994:165 (not: Fibularia anchorata Carter, 1882: 283). ?Desmapsamma sp. 800 Hooper, 1994:104, table I. Material.— Holotype: Z M A POR. 8190, Dutch-Indonesian Snellius II Expedition, Sta. 4.007, 03°38'S 128°12Έ, Ambon Bay, Guru-Guru, near Eri, 7/111/26, 3.ix.l984, muddy coral reef, 4-10 m, coll. R.W.M. van Soest. Paratypes: Z M A POR. 8206, Dutch-Indonesian Snellius II Expedition, Sta. 4.007, 03°38'S 128°12Έ, Ambon Bay, Guru-Guru, near Eri, 7/III/43, 3.ix.l984, muddy coral reef, 4-10 m, coll. R.W.M. van Soest; Z M A POR. 7887, Dutch-Indonesian Snellius II Expedition, Sta. 4.010, Ambon Bay, inner bay, Ε of Tawiri, 10/11/12, 6.ix.l984, muddy shore, 1-4 m, coll. J . C den Hartog; Z M A POR. 8403, DutchIndonesian Snellius II Expedition, Sta. 4.079, 08°35"S 119°34.2'E, Komodo Island, Selat Linta, 79/III/29, 18.ix.1984, 4-11 m, coral reef, coll. R.W.M. van Soest; Z M A POR. 836, Siboga Expedition, Sta. 162, ca. 01°S 130°E, between Loslos and Broken Islands, W coast of Salawatti, Vogelkop Peninsu la, SE 1868, 18.viii.1899; Z M A POR. 838, Siboga Expedition, Sta. ?7, 07°55'S 114°26Έ, Batjulmati, East Java, SE 1562IV, ll.iii.1899, 15 m, coral; Z M A POR. 839, Siboga Expedition, Sta. 273, ca. 05°S 135°E, Jedan Island, Aru Islands, SE 145ÍA, 23.xii.1899, 13 m; Z M A POR. 841, Ambon, coll. Willems Geer ooms, no further data; Z M A POR. 844, Ambon, coll. Willems Geerooms, no further data; Z M A POR. 2754, Siboga Expedition, Sta. 213, ca. 06°S 120°E, Salayer SE 256, 26.X.1899,36 m.

C o l o u r . — Surface encrusted b y a thinner or thicker coat of s a n d grains w h i c h m a y cause the c o l o u r to range f r o m r e d d i s h b r o w n to g r e y i s h b l u e . U n d e r n e a t h this s a n d coat the c o l o u r is r e d or orange. Shape, size, surf ace a n d consistency (f ig. 1).— M a s s i v e l y encrusting, of ten w i t h elongate lobes or branches w h i c h m a y creep a l o n g the substrate. There m a y be also t h i n f istule-like outcrops i s s u i n g f r o m the u p p e r surf ace. Size of h o l o t y p e 6 χ 2.5 x 2 c m , of paratypes 2-10 x 1-3 χ 0.5-2 c m , l e n g t h of creeping branches u p to 12 c m o r m o r e . Surf ace irregular, a bit r o u g h i n appearance, sand-encrusted. Oscules f ree f r o m s a n d crust, s m a l l , of ten w i t h a star-like system of canals l e a d i n g to them. T h i s i s not apparent i n p r e s e r v e d samples. C o n s i s t e n c y compressible, so f t or s l i g h t l y f i r m , easily damaged. S p i c u l e s . — Megascleres oxeas (f igs 2 C , 3 A ) w i t h c y l i n d r i c a l shape (shaf t i s o d i a metric over most of its length), s l i g h t l y c u r v e d , w i t h sharp, occasionally mucronate, apices; size: 186-197.2-213 x 7-8.4-10 μιη (holotype), 150-215 x 7-11 μπι (holotype a n d paratypes).

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Fig. 1. Holotype of Desmapsamma vervoorti spec. nov. (ZMA POR. 8190), photo L.A. van der Laan.

M i c r o s c l e r e s i n t w o size categories of anchorate-spatulate chelae (figs 2E, 3B-C), I: 18-19.5-21 μιτι (holotype a n d paratypes); II: 1 0 - Π . 8 - 1 3 μιτι (holotype a n d paratypes). Three size categories of sigmas (figs 2 D , 3 D - E ) , I: 33-36.6-40 μιη (holotype a n d paratypes); II: 18-23.5-29 μιη (holotype a n d paratypes); III: 12-13.9-15 (holotype a n d paratypes). S k e l e t o n . — E c t o s o m a l skeleton (fig. 2 A ) a n isotropic reticulation of oxeas a n d s a n d grains, i n variable quantities. I n the h o l o t y p e the s a n d coat is relatively l i g h t a n d spicules are r e a d i l y r e c o g n i z e d , i n other specimens the coat is m u c h thicker a n d c o n sists almost entirely of a s a n d reticulation. M i c r o s c l e r e s at the surface are p r e d o m i n a n t l y the smallest categories of chelae a n d sigmas. T h e c h o a n o s o m a l skeleton (fig. 2B) also is basically a n isotropic arrangement of tracts consisting of 2-5 oxeas, i n places encrusted or strengthened b y s a n d grains a n d b r o k e n spicules. T h e reticulation is rather i r r e g u l a r a n d occasionally confused. S a n d grains are less d o m i n a n t than at the surface. E c o l o g y . — I n s h a l l o w water, f r o m the i n t e r t i d a l z o n e d o w n to 45 m ; it is appar ently c o m m o n i n s e d i m e n t e d reef areas, w h e r e it encrusts d e a d a n d p o s s i b l y also l i v e corals. D i s t r i b u t i o n . — Indonesia, S o u t h C h i n a Sea, southern Japan, N o r t h - E a s t A u s t r a l i a , East A f r i c a . E t y m o l o g y . — N a m e d i n h o n o u r of Prof. D r W . V e r v o o r t o n the occasion of h i s 80th b i r t h d a y i n a c k n o w l e d g m e n t f o r h i s contributions to o u r k n o w l e d g e of m a r i n e invertebrate b i o d i v e r s i t y . D i s c u s s i o n . — T h e n e w species is v e r y s i m i l a r i n m i c r o s c o p i c a l characters to the


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Fig. 2. Drawings of microscopical details of Desmapsamma vervoorti spec. nov. A , view of ectosomal skeleton showing the reticulation of oxeas and sand grains; B, choanosomal skeleton in section per pendicular to the surface, showing the reticulation of oxeas and sand grains; C, representative oxea and alternative morphologies of the apices observed in a spicule slide of the holotype; D, three size categories of sigmas; Ε, two size categories of spatulate anchorate isochelae.

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Fig. 3A-E. SEM photos of spicules of Desmapsamma vervoorti spec. nov. A , large anchorate isochela; B, small anchorate isochela; C, a larger and a smaller category of anchorate isochelae; D, opposite apices of the same oxea; E, sigmas, F-G: SEM photos of isochelae of Desmapsamma anchorata from Curaçao (ZMA POR. 10755).


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western A t l a n t i c Desmapsamma anchorata (Carter, 1882). H o w e v e r , the geographic sepa ration makes conspecificity of the Indo-Pacific a n d C a r i b b e a n p o p u l a t i o n s u n l i k e l y u n d e r a n y species concept other than a strictly m o r p h o l o g i c a l one. M o r e o v e r , a close c o m p a r i s o n w i t h western A t l a n t i c specimens i n the Z M A collection revealed the f o l l o w i n g differences: C o l o u r : W e s t e r n A t l a n t i c specimens i n v a r i a b l y s h o w shades of p i n k or p i n k i s h orange, whereas the Indonesian specimens are b r o w n i s h or g r e y i s h . Surface: S m o o t h i n w e s t e r n A t l a n t i c specimens, r o u g h i n I n d o n e s i a n specimens. Oscules: L a r g e a n d often o n volcanoe-shaped lobes i n w e s t e r n A t l a n t i c speci mens, i n c o n s p i c u o u s a n d f l u s h , w i t h star-shaped canals l e a d i n g to t h e m i n Indone sian specimens. Oxeas: 144-165-190 χ 5 μιη i n w e s t e r n A t l a n t i c specimens, 150-200-213 x 8.5 μιη i n Indonesian specimens, thus o v e r l a p p i n g b u t w i t h significantly different average. Sigmas: T w o size categories i n w e s t e r n A t l a n t i c specimens, three i n I n d o n e s i a n specimens. These differences, t h o u g h s e e m i n g l y t r i v i a l w h e n considered separately, i n c o m b i n a t i o n indicate that there are at least t w o closely related b u t clearly different species, D. anchorata a n d D. vervoorti spec. n o v . A c c o r d i n g to H o o p e r & W i e d e n m a y e r (1994) a t h i r d species of Desmapsamma, D. turbo (Carter, 1885; as Holopsamma), m a y exist i n S o u t h A u s t r a l i a . Its o r i g i n a l descrip t i o n m e n t i o n s n o spicules, its skeleton b e i n g entirely b u i l t f r o m s a n d grains. D e n d y (1896) c l a i m e d to have f o u n d t i n y chelae a n d t h i n styles i n a fragment of Carter's s p e c i m e n i n the B r i t i s h M u s e u m , o n the basis of w h i c h he assigned it to Esperiopsis, a genus of the M y c a l i d a e , suborder M y c a l i n a . T h e assignment to Desmapsamma b y H o o p e r & W i e d e n m a y e r (1994) w a s n o t e x p l a i n e d a n d m u s t therefore be considered tentative. The assignment of Tanita & H o s h i n o ' s (1990) specimens f r o m S a g a m i Bay, Japan, to o u r n e w species is not certain, because the oxea size q u o t e d b y these authors (110125 μιη) is far b e l o w the size f o u n d i n o u r specimens; also the authors d o n o t m e n t i o n the presence of s a n d grains i n their d e s c r i p t i o n . It is possible that their material belongs to a genuine Desmacidon species. The coasts of W e s t A f r i c a also h a r b o u r p o p u l a t i o n s of sponges i d e n t i f i e d as Desmapsamma anchorata (cf. B u r t o n , 1956; Levi, 1959; V a n Soest, 1993). T h e colour (dark b r o w n ) of l i v e specimens f r o m the C a p e V e r d e Islands is different f r o m those f r o m the C a r i b b e a n , b u t this m a y be d u e to the p r e d o m i n a n c e of v o l c a n i c s a n d i n the C a p e V e r d e Islands. T h e o v e r a l l shape w i t h oscules o n volcanoe-shaped lobes is s i m i lar to the shape of C a r i b b e a n specimens. F o r the time b e i n g it is therefore a s s u m e d that the W e s t A f r i c a n specimens are conspecific w i t h those f r o m the C a r i b b e a n . Acknowledgements M r J. V e r m e u l e n ( Z M A ) m a d e the S E M photos of the spicules. M r J.C. d e n H a r t o g ( N N M ) collected one of the paratype specimens. D r J. v a n d e r L a n d ( N N M ) i n v i t e d m e to participate i n the D u t c h - I n d o n e s i a n Snellius II e x p e d i t i o n i n September 1984.

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