Chapter 15 Resource: Classification of Matter

Glencoe Science

Chapter Resources

Classification of Matter Includes: Reproducible Student Pages ASSESSMENT

TRANSPARENCY ACTIVITIES

✔ Chapter Tests

✔ Section Focus Activity

✔ Chapter Review

✔ Teaching Transparency Activity ✔ Assessment Transparency Activity

HANDS-ON ACTIVITIES ✔ Lab Worksheets for each Student Edition Activity

Teacher Support and Planning

✔ Laboratory Activities

✔ Content Outline for Teaching

✔ Foldables–Reading and Study Skills activity sheet

✔ Spanish Resources ✔ Teacher Guide and Answers

MEETING INDIVIDUAL NEEDS ✔ Directed Reading for Content Mastery ✔ Directed Reading for Content Mastery in Spanish ✔ Reinforcement ✔ Enrichment ✔ Note-taking Worksheets

Name

Date

Directed Reading for Content Mastery

Class

Overview Classification of Matter

Directions: Complete the concept map using the terms in the list below. heterogeneous compound

elements substances

homogeneous mixtures

Meeting Individual Needs

Matter

is composed of various

1.

which, when made up of like atoms, are

of which two or more may combine in an easily separated manner to form

Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

2.

of which two or more may form a

3.

4.

which, if blended evenly throughout, are

which, if the different materials are easily distinguished, are

5.

6.

Directions: Circle the term in parentheses that makes each statement correct. 7. A beam of light is (visible, invisible) as it passes through a solution, but (can, cannot) be seen as it passes through a colloid. 8. Appearance and behavior are (chemical, physical) properties. 9. The change of one substance to another is a (chemical, physical) change. 10. When substances go through a physical change, mass is always (gained, lost, conserved). Classification of Matter

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Name

Date


Section 1

■

Class

Composition of Matter

Directions: Choose the correct category from the list for each item. Each category will be used more than once. a. element

2. copper

b. compound

3. granite

c. suspension

4. vinegar

d. heterogeneous mixture

5. pond

e. homogeneous mixture

6. water

f. colloid

7. salt 8. permanent press fabric 9. soft drink 10. paint 11. gold 12. a river delta 13. fog 14. gelatin 15. lead Directions: Complete the sentences by writing the letters of the correct terms on the lines provided. 16. All substances are built from _____ . a. elements c. metal b. atom d. salt 17. A beam of light can be seen as it passes through a(n) _____ . a. colloid c. element b. solution d. compound 18. A _____ is a homogenous mixture of particles so small they cannot be seen and will not settle to the bottom of their container. a. colloid c. element b. solution d. compound 20 Classification of Matter



1. chalk

Name

Date


Section 2

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Class

Properties of Matter

Directions: Complete the paragraphs using the terms listed. Some terms may be used more than once. liquid physical change chemical change mixture physical properties physical property distillation equals melting conservation of mass


Scientists try to explain how changes in substances take place. By applying energy, you can tear a sheet of paper into pieces and cause a 1. ____________________ ____________________ in the paper. On a hot summer day, water vapor will condense into water droplets on the outside of a glass of iced tea. The glass of iced tea is a 2. ____________________ of sugar, tea, lemon, and water. Water is a clear, colorless 3. ____________________ at room temperature. The words clear and colorless describe two 4. ____________________ ____________________ of water. The melting of the ice in iced tea is a 5. ____________________ Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

____________________. In comparison, a 6. ____________________ ____________________ produces new substances. When a candle burns, physical and chemical changes take place. The 7. ____________________ of the wax is a physical change. The melted wax, as it burns, combines with gaseous oxygen in air. After the chemical change, water vapor and carbon dioxide gas are formed. The mass of all substances before a chemical change 8. ____________________ the mass of all substances after a chemical change. This is called the law of 9. ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ To separate a solid from a liquid, such as salt from seawater, a process using the 10. ____________________ ____________________ of boiling point called 11. ____________________ is used.

Classification of Matter

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Name

Date

Class

Key Terms Classification of Matter


Directions: Unscramble the terms in each of the following statements. Write the term in the blanks at the left of the statements and then circle the term in the word search puzzle. 1. A(n) ethgnesuoereo mixture has different materials that can be easily distinguished. 2. A homogeneous mixture with particles so small they cannot be seen without a microscope is a(n) tuolsion.


3. A(n) ssinnopseu is a liquid heterogeneous mixture in which visible particles settle. 4. A(n) ooudnmpc is a material made from atoms of two or more combined elements. 5. If all the atoms in a sample of matter are alike, that kind of matter is a(n) neemetl. 6. A(n) oogosuenehm mixture has two or more substances blended evenly throughout.

8. Size, shape, and melting point are hsypialc properties. 9. A burnt object has undergone a aheicmcl change. 10. The law of ionrtcvaeson of mass states that mass is not gained or lost during chemical changes. B H H E T

T E R O G E N E O U S

E O P P R O L O N Z H C O

N P M

I

H M Q L

I

O

C

I

O P

S

M C E R M G H

N

L N C Y H

R O O C O M P O U N D D E O C G O P E T

I

C S E S A T R D E

L M P

C O N S E R V A T

I

E R E L

E M E N T U

G T O O

I

I

I

I

M Y

E

O N C

S S

P

L E

A

C

I

S

Y N D A L

L

I

C

U

C U M C A T D M C R Y M S A

S

S T

E E S O L U T

22 Classification of Matter

N

I

O N

L

I

B

Y L

I


7. The scattering of light by colloids and suspensions is called the lyTdnal effect.

Name

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1

Reinforcement

Class


Directions: Match the terms in Column II with the definitions in Column I. Write the letter of the correct term in the blank at the left.


Column II

1. heterogeneous mixture containing a liquid in which visible particles settle

a. Tyndall effect

2. contains two or more gaseous, liquid, or solid substances blended evenly throughout the mixture.

b. colloid

3. substance in which all atoms are alike

c. heterogeneous mixture

4. any material made of two or more substances that can be physically separated

d. mixture

5. the scattering of light by colloidal particles

e. element

6. heterogeneous mixture with larger particles that never settle

f. suspension

7. a mixture in which different materials can be easily distinguished

g. solution

8. homogeneous mixture of particles so small they cannot be seen and will never settle to the bottom of their container 9. substance in which two or more elements are combined in a fixed proportion

h. homogeneous mixture i. compound

Directions: Fill in the table below with the element below that matches its description. gold lead titanium americium aluminum tungsten 10. radioactive metal 11. resists corrosion 12. excellent reflector of heat 13. highest melting point of any metal 14. strong and lightweight 15. has a high density


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Column I

Name

2

Date

Reinforcement

Class


Directions: Below are two sets of words. Complete the second set by choosing a word from those listed below the blank. The two words must be related in the same way as the first set of words. EXAMPLE letter:envelope::pillow: ____________case_________ case, sheet, soft, bed

2. physical:chemical::size: ________________________ burning, taste, solubility, acid 3. chemical:rust::physical: ________________________ compound, condensation, solid, change 4. physical:density::chemical: ________________________ size, melting, combustible, ice 5. solid:steel::gaseous: ________________________ coal, air, water, gasoline 6. burning:candle::rust: ________________________ vaporization, physical property, iron, mixture 7. smell:rotten eggs::heat and light: ________________________ burning logs, mountains, river deltas, ice water 8. gold:gold leaf::copper: ________________________ ice, wire, mass, rust

Directions: Answer the following questions on the lines provided. 9. What is the difference between a physical change and a chemical change?

10. Name some physical properties. 11. Explain how a pile of ashes has the same mass as the original log before it was burned. What is the law that defines this (assuming a completely dry log and no combustable products escaped in the air) called?

12. Have you ever created a physical change? A chemical? Explain.




1. steam:water::water: ________________________ heat, molecules, ice, matter

Name

Date

1

Enrichment

Class


When classifying matter, it is helpful to organize your information in a useful way. One useful way to organize information is to use a dichotomous key. A dichotomous key is a key for identifying items based on a series of choices between alternative characteristics. A dichotomous key showing the terms used to classify matter is drawn below.

Directions: Use the dichotomous key below to classify the following types of matter.


element

pu

re

substance

compound

matter


e ur tp no

homogeneous un

ifo

solution

rm

mixture

no

n-

un

colloid

ifo

rm

heterogeneous suspension

1. copper 2. sodium chloride 3. muddy water 4. hot coffee 5. milk


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Name

2

Date

Enrichment

Class

Using Physical Properties to Separate Mixtures

Jim’s teacher gave him samples of several mixtures. Jim’s assignment was to design methods to separate the substances of each mixture by applying the concepts that he had learned in science class. Jim began by going to reference books and researching as much as possible about the substances in various mixtures. He then proposed a method of separation for each mixture. Using the science books in your classroom and other references in the library, find out as much as you can about the physical and chemical characteristics of each of the substances in the given mixtures. Record the information in Table 1.

Mixture

Substances present

A

tin carbon

B

those in fountain pen ink

C

sulfur sodium chloride

D

sulfur sand iron filings

E

sulfur sodium chloride sand

Information recorded from reference books

Now that you have researched the physical and chemical characteristics of the substances in the different mixtures, propose a separation method for each mixture. Record the methods in Table 2.

Table 2 Mixture A tin and carbon B fountain pen ink C sulfur and sodium chloride D sulfur, sand, and iron filings E sulfur, sodium, chloride, and sand


Separation method



Table 1

Name

Date

Note-taking Worksheet Section 1

Class



A. _______________________—either an element or a compound 1. When all the atoms in a substance are alike, the substance is an _______________________. 2. A _______________________ is a substance with two or more elements combined in a

B. Two or more substances that can be easily separated by physical means form a _______________________. 1. _______________________ mixture—mixture of different and easily distinguishable materials 2. _______________________ mixture—contains two or more gaseous, liquid, or solid substances blended evenly; also called a solution 3. _______________________—heterogeneous mixture with larger particles that never settle; colloids scatter light in the Tyndall effect 4. A heterogeneous mixture containing a liquid in which visible particles settle is


called a _______________________.

Section 2


A. _______________________—characteristics of a material which can be observed without changing the identity of the substances in the material; examples include color, shape, size, melting point, and boiling point 1. _______________________—physical description of a substance 2. _______________________—how a substance acts; for example, magnetism, viscosity, ductility 3. Physical properties such as size and magnetism can be used to _______________________ mixtures. B. _______________________—change in a substance’s size, shape, or state of matter 1. Substance does not change _______________________ when it undergoes a physical change 2. _______________________ is a process for separating a mixture by evaporating a liquid and condensing its vapor.


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fixed proportion.

Name

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Class

Note-taking Worksheet (continued) C. _______________________ property—characteristics of a substance indicating that it can change chemically; for example, flammability or light sensitivity of a substance D. When one substance changes to another substance, a _______________________ has occurred. 1. Some chemical changes are indicated by _______________________ change, smell, or bubble formation. 2. Other chemical changes occur very slowly, such as the formation of _______________________.

from their ores. E. ______________ of Earth’s surface involves both physical and chemical changes. 1. ____________—big rocks split into smaller ones; streams carry rock particles from one location to another 2. ____________—Chemical changes can occur in rocks when calcium carbonate in limestone changes to calcium hydrogen carbonate due to acid rain. F. Law of ________________________________________—Mass of all substances present before a chemical change equals the mass of all substances after the change. Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.


3. Chemical changes can be used to _______________________ substances such as metals


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Chapter Review Part A. Vocabulary Review

Directions: Use the clues below to complete the crossword puzzle. 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Across 1. A change in size, shape, or state of matter 3. Substance in which two or more elements are combined in a fixed proportion 4. A mixture in which different materials can be easily distinguished 6. Heterogeneous mixture containing a liquid in which visible particles settle

10

Down 2. Mixture containing two or more gaseous, liquid, or solid substances blended evenly throughout 5. Substance in which all atoms are alike 8. Effect of scattering light by colloidal particles 9. Law of conservation of ______

7. Heterogeneous mixture with larger particles that never settle 9. Any material of two or more substances that can be physically separated 10. Homogeneous mixture of particles so small they cannot be seen and will never settle Classification of Matter

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Assessment


9

8

Name

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Class

Chapter Review (continued) Directions: Find the mistakes in the statements below. Rewrite each statement correctly on the lines provided. 11. A burning candle is undergoing a physical change. 12. Removing salt from water by heating the water until it vaporizes and leaves the salt behind is called suspension. 13. An orange squeezed to make orange juice is an example of distillation.

Part B. Concept Review Directions: Determine whether the following mixtures are homogeneous or heterogeneous. 1. chocolate chip ice cream 2. tap water 3. milk 4. smoke 5. vegetable soup

Assessment

Directions: In the blank on the left, label each of the following as a physical property, physical change, chemical property, or chemical change. 7. sharpening a pencil 8. flammability of a substance 9. size of an object 10. inflating a tire 11. freezing point 12. drawing copper into wire 13. corrosion of bicycle frame 14. fragrance of a flower 15. formation of water when hydrogen burns 16. boiling water 36 Classification of Matter


6. State the law of conservation of mass. This law applies to physical changes as well as chemical changes. With this law in mind, explain what happens to the mass of 18 mL of liquid water when it vaporizes to form about 22 L of water vapor.

Name

1

Date

Section Focus Transparency Activity

Class

Brilliant Sunset

Transparency Activities

1. What are some components of air? 2. Why might air be referred to as a mixture? 3. Do you think air pollution can affect how we see the sky? Explain.



Why do some sunsets have such rich, vibrant colors? The color of the sunset depends on the way in which particles in the air scatter light. If the air is relatively free of particles, then the sunset will tend to look yellow. If there are a lot of particles in the air the result will be a sunset of fiery reds and oranges.

Name

2

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Section Focus Transparency Activity

Class

All that Glitters

1. What properties of gold allow it to be separated from sand and gravel by panning? 2. How does gold change from the time it is collected to the time it is ready to sell?


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If you imagine a 19th century gold miner, you may think of someone standing in a river swirling water in a pan. Panning was a common technique used to separate gold from a mixture of sand and gravel.

Name

Date

Teaching Transparency Activity

Substances and Mixtures

Matter Has mass and takes up space Substance Composition definite Compound Two or more kinds of atoms Element One kind of atoms

Mixture Composition variable Transparency Activities


1

Class

Heterogeneous Unevenly mixed Homogeneous Evenly mixed; a solution


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Name

Teaching Transparency Activity

Date

Class

(continued)

1. How does the composition of a mixture differ from the composition of a substance?

2. How does an element differ from a compound?

3. What does the term homogenous mean?

4. Carbon dioxide is made up of two atoms of oxygen and one atom of carbon. How would you classify carbon dioxide?



5. What is a colloid?


Name

Date

Assessment Transparency Activity

Class


Directions: Carefully review the graph and answer the following questions. Elements Dissolved in Seawater

Cl

Mg

Ca = Calcium Cl = Chlorine K = Potassium

S

K Ca

Mg = Magnesium Na = Sodium S = Sulfur

1. According to this information, which element makes up greater than 50 percent of the elements dissolved in seawater? A Sodium B Sulfur C Magnesium D Chlorine 2. Which element is found dissolved in seawater about twice as much as magnesium? F Calcium G Sodium H Sulfur J Potassium 3. A compound is a substance made of the combined atoms of two or more different elements. According to this definition, which of these is a compound? A Ca B MgS C Cl2 D Na


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Na