Class materials August 28 to September 25. ◦ Sociological Imagination. ◦
Sociological Paradigms. ◦ History of Sociology. ◦ Culture. ◦ Language. ◦
Socialization.
Social Groups and Formal Organizations
Social Groups
Aggregate - People Who Share a Space But Don’t See Selves as Belonging
A Category - People Who Share
Characteristics
A Group - People Who Think of Themselves as Belonging Together
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2006
1
Social Groups and Formal Organizations
Social Groups Primary
Groups
Face-to-Face
The Family
Friends
Producing
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2006
Microsoft Image
a Mirror Within 2
Social Groups and Formal Organizations
Social Groups Secondary
Groups
Larger, More Anonymous
Members Interact Based on Roles
Fail to Satisfy Need for Intimate Association
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2006
Microsoft Image
3
Social Groups and Formal Organizations
Voluntary Associations Organized
be primary or secondary
Microsoft Image
Can
on Basis of Mutual Interest
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2006
4
Social Groups and Formal Organizations
In-Groups and Out-Groups In-Groups
and Out-Groups Produce…
Loyalty
Sense of Superiority
Rivalries
Implications
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2006
for Socially Diverse Society 5
Social Groups and Formal Organizations
Reference Groups Groups
Used as Standards to Evaluate Selves
Provide
a Yardstick
Exposes
Us to Contradictory Standards
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2006
6
Social Groups and Formal Organizations
Social Networks Ties
that Extend Outward from Self
The
Small World Phenomenon—Six Degrees
Microsoft Image
of Separation
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2006
7
Social Groups and Formal Organizations
Bureaucracies
Five Characteristics of Bureaucracies Clear Cut Levels Division of Labor
Written Rules Written Communication and Records Impersonality Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2006
8
Social Groups and Formal Organizations
Perpetuation of Bureaucracies
Take on a Life of Own
Suffers from Goal Displacement
McDonaldization of Society
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2006
9
Social Groups and Formal Organizations
Coping with Bureaucracies
Red Tape
Bureaucratic Alienation
Resisting Alienation
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2006
10
Social Groups and Formal Organizations
Group Dynamics-Georg Simmel
Group Size Affects Stability and Intimacy
Dyad
Triad
Coalitions
As Size Increases, So Does Stability
As Size Increases, Intensity and Intimacy Decreases
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2006
11
Social Groups and Formal Organizations
Group Dynamics
Effects of Group Size on Attitudes and Behavior
The Larger the Group…
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2006
Greater Diffusion of Responsibility
Increase in Formality
Division into Smaller Groups
12
Social Groups and Formal Organizations
Leadership
Leaders are People Who Influence Others’ Behaviors, Opinions, and Attitudes
Who Becomes a Leader?
Instrumental and Expressive Leaders
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2006
13
Social Groups and Formal Organizations
Leadership Leadership
Authoritarian
Democratic
Laissez-Faire
Leadership
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2006
Styles
Styles in Changing Situations
14
Social Groups and Formal Organizations
Power of Peer Pressure and Authority The
Asch Experiment
The
Milgram Experiment
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2006
15
Social Groups and Formal Organizations
Groupthink Collective
Global
Tunnel Vision Groups Develop
Consequences of Group Dynamics Groupthink Microsoft Image
Preventing
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2006
16
Social Groups and Formal Organizations
Group Assignments Diary will examine the group dynamics Must reflect awareness of: Leadership Peer Pressure Groupthink Organizational Style In Group/Out Group Dynamics
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2006
17
Social Groups and Formal Organizations
Back Stage/Front Stage Role Playing Impression Management Managed Emotions
Social Groups and Formal Organizations
Spoiled Identity Visible Stigma/Hidden Stigma Choice/No Choice—Blame Matters ―Passing‖ as Impression Management (―Closet‖) Social Isolation and Social Groups Stereotypes & Prejudices Sanctions: Medicalization & Criminalization
Social Groups and Formal Organizations
First 2 sections of Book:
◦ Sociological Perspective ◦ Social Groups & Social Control
Class materials August 28 to September 25 ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
Sociological Imagination Sociological Paradigms History of Sociology Culture Language Socialization Social Groups Dramaturgy Stigma
Social Groups and Formal Organizations
Sociological Imagination
Sociological Paradigms
History of Sociology
Functionalist
Conflict
Constructionist
Macro Sociology
Micro Sociology
Culture
Cultural Diversity
Language
Cultural Relativism
Counter-Culture
Sub-Culture
Sick Cultures
Norms
Mores
Folkways
Sanctions
Values
Culture Within
Status
Role
Social Influence
Role Conflict/Role Strain
Ascribed/Achieved Role
Social Darwinism
Nature versus Nurture
Socialization
Agents of Socialization
Primary/Secondary Group
In/Out Group
Peer Pressure
Leadership
Dyads
Reference Group
Group Dynamics
Social Control
Groupthink
Stigmatization
Impression Management
Mass Media
Social Deviance
Crime
Bureaucracies
Social Groups and Formal Organizations
Jane Addams
Solomon Asch
Auguste Comte
Charles Cooley
W.E.B. duBois
Emile Durkheim
Sigmund Freud
Harold Garfinkle
Erving Goffman
Harriet Martineau
Karl Marx
George Herbert Mead
Stanley Milgram
C. Wright Mills
Talcott Parsons
Jean Piaget
George Ritzer
Georg Simmel
Sapir-Whorf
Herbert Spencer
Max Weber
Social Groups and Formal Organizations
50 Multiple Choice -- 4 possible answers Six Kinds of Questions: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Knowledge – Recall Facts Comprehension – Demonstrate Understanding of Facts Application – Take Knowledge & Apply to situation Analysis – Critical Thinking that uses Knowledge Evaluation – Critical Thinking that evaluates situation Synthesis – Taking two or more concepts and applying them critically
Read Questions & Answers Carefully Eliminate Answers Skip & Return to harder questions – Be mindful of clock
Social Groups and Formal Organizations
WebCT Chatroom— ◦ Wednesday 8am to 9:30am ◦ Wednesday evening, 10p to 11p
Alternative will be posted on: http://doingsociology.blogspot.com Email address:
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