Iamonico & Iberite • Lectotypification of Riccia fluitans and R. natans
TAXON 63 (2) • April 2014: 394–395
N O M E N C L AT U R E Edited by Gerry Moore, James Lendemer & Erin Tripp
Lectotypification of the Linnaean names Riccia fluitans and R. natans (Ricciaceae) Duilio Iamonico1 & Mauro Iberite2 1 Laboratory of Phytogeography and Applied Geobotany, Department PDTA, University of Rome Sapienza, 00196 Rome, Italy 2 Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy Author for correspondence: Duilio Iamonico,
[email protected] DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12705/632.9 Abstract The typifications of the Linnaean names Riccia fluitans and R. natans (Ricciaceae) are discussed. A specimen from the Linnaean Herbarium and an illustration from Dillenius are designated as the respective lectotypes for the two names. Keywords Linnaean names; nomenclature; Riccia; typification
INTRODUCTION Riccia L. (Ricciaceae) is a genus of about 200 species of thallose liverworts with a cosmopolitan distribution (Bag & al., 2007; Crandall-Stotler & al., 2009). Linnaeus (1753, 1759) published five names under Riccia: R. crystallina, R. fluitans, R. glauca, R. minima and R. natans, of which one, R. natans, has been transferred to Ricciocarpus (≡ R. natans (L.) Corda). Riccia crystallina and R. glauca were lectotypified respectively by Perold (1992) and Isoviita & Grolle (Jarvis, 1992: 568), R. minima is a nomen utique rejiciendum (see Appendix V, C. BRYOPHYTA of the ICBN, McNeill & al., 2006) while the names R. fluitans, and R. natans appear to be as yet untypified and are investigated here. Riccia fluitans is one of the most common species of the genus Riccia and it can be considered cosmopolitan (Stephani, 1900; Campbell, 1975; Manju & al., 2012) as well as Riccio carpus natans (Ruiz, 2008), but this latter is rare and its finding is often occasional.
TYPIFICATIONS Riccia fluitans
Linnaeus’s (1753: 1139) protologue consisted of a short diagnosis with one quotation from his earlier work (1751: 241–242) and two synonyms cited from Dillenius (1741: 213) and Vaillant (1727: 98) both providing illustrations that can be considered original material for the name. Isoviita (1970: 8; see also Grolle, 1976) cited the specimen No. 1271.3 for R. fluitans reporting “… is evidently the gathering originally described in Linnaeus’s ‘Skånska resa’
(1751:241)”, stating (p. 22) “Syntype: Concerning Linnaeus’s own specimen, see p. 8”. According to the Art. 9.5 of the ICN (McNeill & al., 2012) a syntype is “Any specimen cited in the protologue …” Since Linnaeus (1753: 1139) did not explicity cite any specimen, No. 1271.3 cannot be taken as a syntype nor should this syntype indication be taken as an error to be corrected under Art. 9.9 (see Jarvis, 2007: 17, 20, 56–57). The sheet No. 1271.3 at LINN includes a Linnaean annotation “4 scania” explicitly referring to the number of the species account in Linnaeus’s protologue (“4”) and to provenance (“scania” that refers to southern Sweden). A script by Smith is also included (“fluitans D”, where “D” means Dickson). The sheet bears five specimens of which one (lefthand bottom specimen) is clearly associated to the script “sca nia” that was annotated by Linnaeus just below it. We have been unable to trace any further original material in any of the other herbaria known to contain Linnaean specimens (see also Jarvis, 2007: 796). All elements selected (specimens from the Linnaean Herbarium and illustrations from Vaillant and Dillenius) clearly show dichotomous thallus, a feature that marks part of the Linnaean concept of the species (“frondibus dichotomis”). However, Linnaeus (1753: 1139) also reported “frondibus … lineari-filiformibus”, a character that is not well highlighted in the images by Vaillant (1727: t. 9., fig. 3). Among the image by Dillenius (1741: t. 74, fig. 47) and the specimen by Linnaeus, we prefer to designated this latter as lectotype of the name Riccia fluitans since, according to Jarvis (2007: 21–22), the exsiccata are better choices against the illustrations because of their potential ability to provide large number of additional characters (micro-morphological, chemical, molecular, etc.) that cannot be matched by images.
Received: 10 Sep 2012 | returned for revision: 25 Nov 2013 | revision received: 2 Dec 2013 | accepted: 9 Dec 2013 | published online ahead of inclusion in print and online issues: 17 Mar 2014 || © International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) 2014 394
Version of Record (identical to print version).
Iamonico & Iberite • Lectotypification of Riccia fluitans and R. natans
TAXON 63 (2) • April 2014: 394–395
Riccia fluitans L., Sp. Pl.: 1139. 1753 – Lectotype (designated here): Herb. Linn. No. 1271.3 (LINN!). [Image of lectotype available at http://linnean-online.org/13286/] Riccia natans
Linnaeus’s (1759: 1139) protologue consisted of a short diagnosis (“R. frond. obcordatis ciliatis”), with one synonym along with an illustration cited from Dillenius (1741: t. 78, fig. 18). The illustration, which nicely matches Linnaeus’s short diagnosis, can be considered original material for the name. Linnaeus actually cited “f. 8”, but in tabula no. 78 there is no figure 8, the figures being numbered 9 to 18. Therefore, Linnaeus’s “8” is likely an incorrect citation for 18; the figure 8—tabula 77 in Dillenius—clearly cannot refer to Riccia natans. Isoviita (1970: 23) cited an illustration from Dillenius (“Lichen 18, tab. 78 fig. 18”) as “Probably the lectotype”. The doubt in the statement is taken as an ineffective designation. Grolle (1976: 229) agreed with Isoviita (1970). Since no original material in any of the Linnaean and Linnaean-linked herbaria was traced and the image by Dillenius is the only extant original material and is clearly representative of the species as currently applied (e.g., Casas & al., 2009; Atherton & al., 2010), it is here designated as the lectotype of Riccia natans. Ricciocarpos natans (L.) Corda in Opiz, Naturalientausch 12: 651. 1829 ≡ Riccia natans L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 1339. 1759 – Lectotype (designated here): [illustration in:] Dillenius, Hist. Musc.: t. 78, fig. 18. 1742 (“1741”). [Image of lectotype available at http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/spa/Libro .php?Libro=1432&Pagina=670]
LITERATURE CITED Atherton, I., Bosanquet, S. & Lawley, M. (eds.) 2010. Mosses and liverworts of Britain and Ireland: A field guide. Plymouth: Latimer Trend. Bag, A.K., Singh, S.K. & Bhattacharya, S.G. 2007. Riccia of west Bengal. Bull. Bot. Surv. India 49(1–4): 173–186. Campbell, E.O. 1975. Notes on the liverwort family Ricciaceae in New Zealand. Tuatara 21(3): 121–129. Casas, C., Brugués, M., Cros, R.M., Sérgio, C. & Infante, M. 2009. Handbook of liverworts and hornworts of the Iberian peninsula and the Balearic islands. Barcelona: Limpergraph.
Crandall-Stotler, B., Stotler, R.E. & Long, D.G. 2009. Phylogeny and classification of the Marchantiophyta. Edinburgh J. Bot. 66: 155–198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0960428609005393 Dillenius, J.J. 1741 (pub. 1742). Historia muscorum. Oxford: e Theatro Sheldoniano. Grolle, R. 1976. Verzeichnis der Lebermoose Europas und benachbarter Gebiete. Feddes Repert. 87: 171–279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19760870303 Isoviita, P. 1970. Dillenius’s ‘Historia Muscorum’ as the basis of hepatic nomenclature, and S.O.Lindberg’s collection of Dillenian bryophytes. Acta Bot. Fenn. 89: 1–28. Jarvis, C.E. 1992. Seventy-two proposals for the conservation of types of selected Linnaean generic names, the report of Subcommittee 3C on the lectotypification of Linnaean generic names. Taxon 41: 552–583. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1222833 Jarvis, C. 2007. Order out of chaos: Linnaean plant names and their types. London: Linnean Society of London and the Natural History Museum. Linnaeus, C. 1751. Skånska resa. Stockholm: Uplagd på Lars Salvii. http://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?PPN371731151 Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species plantarum, vol. 2. Stockholm: impensis Laurentii Salvii. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.669 Linnaeus, C. 1759. Systema naturae, 10 th ed., vol. 2. Stockholm: impensis Laurentii Salvii. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.542 Manju, C.N., Rajesh, K.P. & Prakashkumar, R. 2012. On the identity of Riccia fluitans (Ricciaceae: Marchantiophyta) in India. Acta Biol. Pl. Agriensis 2: 115–124. McNeill, J., Barrie, F.R., Burdet, H.M., Demoulin, V., Hawksworth, D.L., Marhold, K., Nicolson, D.H., Prado, J., Silva, P.C., Skog, J.E., Wiersema, J.H. & Turland, N.J. (eds.) 2006. International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Vienna Code): Adopted by the Seventeenth International Botanical Congress, Vienna, Austria, July 2005. Regnum Vegetabile 146. Ruggell: Gantner. McNeill, J., Barrie, F.R., Buck, W.R., Demoulin, V., Greuter, D.L., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Marhold, K., Prado, J., Proud’Homme van Reine, W.F., Smith, J.F. & Wiersema, J.H. (eds.) 2012. International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code). Regnum Vegetabile 154. Königstein: Koeltz Scientific Books. Perold, S.M. 1992. Studies in the genus Riccia (Marchantiales) from southern Africa. 24. R. moenkemeyeri, subgenus Ricciella: New records. Bothalia 22: 19–22. Ruiz, A.M. 2008. Ricciocarpus natans (Marchantiophyta), una hepática acuática en México. ContactoS 70: 67–70. Stephani, F. 1900. Species hepaticarum, vol. 1 Geneva, Basel: Georg & Cie. Vaillant, S. 1727. Botanicon parisiense. Amsterdam, Leiden: chez Jean & Herman Verbeek et Balthzar Lakeman. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.738
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