"Pudendal Neuralgia" OR "Raynaud's Disease" OR "Restless Leg ... OR "Spinal Cord Injury" OR "Spinal Stenosis" OR " Syringomyelia" OR "Tarlov Cysts" OR.
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS
Strategy used for literature search and data extraction from primary studies A. LITERATURE SEARCH STRATEGY
In order to identify relevant studies across the online Medline database we used a comprehensive PubMed literature search strategy (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed) involving the following terms: “voxel-based morphometry" OR "VBM” and “chronic pain” OR each disorder listed by the American Chronic Pain Association as related to chronic pain. The SEARCH ALGORITHM was constructed as follows: ("voxel-based morphometry" [ALL] OR "VBM" [ALL]) AND (“chronic pain” OR # each disorder indicated by the American Chronic Pain Association (https://www.theacpa.org/conditions) as part of the spectrum of chronic pain [ALL]) ("voxel-based morphometry" [ALL] OR "VBM" [ALL]) AND ("Chronic Pain" OR "Addiction" OR "Advanced Prostate Cancer" OR "AIDS-Related Pain" OR "Ankylosing Spondylitis" OR "Arachnoiditis" OR "Arthritis" OR "Arthrofibrosis" OR "Ataxic Cerebral Palsy" OR "Autoimmune Diseases" OR "Avascular Necrosis" OR "Back Pain" OR "Breakthrough Pain" OR "Burning Mouth Syndrome" OR "Bursitis" OR "CADASIL" OR "Cancer Pain" OR "Carpal Tunnel" OR "Cauda Equina Syndrome" OR "Central Pain Syndrome" OR "Cerebral Palsy" OR "Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks" OR "Cervical Stenosis" OR "Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease" OR "Chronic Fatigue Syndrome" OR "Chronic Functional Abdominal Pain" OR "Chronic Pancreatitis" OR "Coccyx Collapsed Lung" OR "Complex Regional Pain Syndrome" OR "Corneal Neuropathic Pain" OR "Crohn's Disease" OR "Degenerative Disc Disease" OR "Dependence" OR "Dercum's Disease" OR "Dermatomyositis" OR "Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy" OR "Dystonia" OR "Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome" OR "Endometriosis" OR "Erythromelalgia" OR "Failed Back Surgery Syndrome" OR "Fibromyalgia" OR "Gout Growing Pains" OR "Headaches" OR "Herniated disc" OR "Hydrocephalus" OR "Intercostal Neuraligia" OR "Interstitial Cystitis" OR "Irritable Bowel syndrome" OR "Juvenile Dermatomyositis" OR "Knee Injury" OR "Leg Pain" OR "Loin Pain-Haematuria Syndrome" OR "Lupus Lyme Disease" OR "Medullary Sponge Kidney" OR "Meralgia Paresthetica" OR "Migraine" OR "Mitochondrial Disorders" OR "Multiple Sclerosis" OR "Musculoskeletal pain" OR "Myofascial Pain" OR "Myositis" OR "Neck Pain" OR "Neuropathic Pain" OR "Occipital Neuralgia" OR "Osteoarthritis" OR "Paget's Disease" OR "Pelvic Pain" OR "Peripheral Neuropathy" OR "Phantom Limb Pain" OR "Pinched Nerve" OR "Polymyalgia Rheumatica" OR "Polymyositis" OR "Post Herniorraphy Pain Syndrome" OR "Post Mastectomy Pain Syndrome" OR "Post Stroke Pain" OR "Post Thorocotomy Pain Syndrome" OR "Postherpetic Neuralgia" OR "PostPolio Syndrome" OR "Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder" OR "Primary Lateral Sclerosis" OR "Psoriatic Arthritis" OR
"Pudendal Neuralgia" OR "Raynaud's Disease" OR "Restless Leg Syndrome" OR "Rheumatoid Arthritis" OR "Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction" OR "Sarcoidosis" OR "Sciatica" OR "Scoliosis" OR "Shingles" OR "Herpes Zoster" OR "Sickle Cell" OR "Sjogren's Syndrome" OR "Sleep apnea" OR "Spasmodic Torticollis" OR "Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction" OR "Spinal Cerebellum Ataxia" OR "Spinal Cord Injury" OR "Spinal Stenosis" OR " Syringomyelia" OR "Tarlov Cysts" OR "Thoracic Outlet Syndrome" OR "TMJ" OR "Tolerance" OR "Transverse Myelitis" OR "Trigeminal Neuralgia" OR "Ulcerative Colitis" OR "Vascular Pain" OR "Vulvodynia" OR "Whiplash"[ALL])
B. ASSESSMET OF ELIGIBILITY OF STUDIES
All the studies identified by our search strategy were assessed in order to ensure that they comply with our eligibility criteria. Studies were excludes if: a. they were non-original studies; b. the location of gray matter alterations was not reported in Talairach/Tournoux or in MNI coordinate space; c. the field of view was confined to a restricted region of the cortex (ROI analysis); d. they reported unspecified VBM analysis; e. they did not report the results of a comparison between chronic pain patients and healthy controls; f. they were published in languages other than English; g. they were not related to the clinical condition of interest (i.e., not chronic pain); h. they were not full publications; i. they were animal models; j. they have duplicated data or sample. The strategy used for the selection of studies is shown in Fig. S1 (PRISMA flow diagram). C. EXTRACTING THE DATA FROM THE STUDIES
We used the BrainMap database in order to extract the coordinates from the original studies. The strategy used for the extraction of coordinates from the original studies is illustrated in Fig. S1 (PRISMA flow diagram).
Identification
Records identified through database searching (n = 322)
Additional records identified through other sources (n = 0)
Screening
Records after duplicates removed (n = 322)
Eligibility
Full-text articles assessed for eligibility (n = 118 )
Included
Records screened (n = 322)
Papers included in Meta-analysis (n = 51) (55 samples)
Records excluded (n = 204 )
Full-text articles excluded (n = 67 ) Not adhering to eligibility criteria
Extracting the coordinates
Are the studies included in BrainMap database?
YES 29 papers
NO 22 papers
Extract coordinates from BrainMap database in Talairach space
Extract coordinates from published studies and include them in BrainMap database
Fig. S1 PRISMA (2009) flow diagram of paper selection and data extraction.
Table S1. Selected studies for the meta-analysis. PAPERS SELECTION Paper ID
Year
First author
1
2014
Pleger, B.
2
2013
Agostini, A.
3
2013
Barad, M.J.
4
2013
Ceko, M.
Fibromyalgia interacts with age to change the brain
5
2013
Fallon, N.
Structural alterations in brainstem of fibromyalgia syndrome patients correlate with sensitivity to mechanical pressure
6
2013
Ivo, R.
Brain structural and psychometric alterations in chronic low back pain
7
2013
Maeda, Y.
Altered brain morphometry in carpal tunnel syndrome is associated with median nerve pathology
8
2013
Martikainen, I.K.
Alterations in Endogenous Opioid Functional Measures in Chronic Back Pain
9
2013
Obermann, M.
10
2013
Prell, T.
11
2013
RodriguezRaecke, R.
12
2013
Yang, F.C.
13
2013
Yoon, E.J.
14
2012
As-Sanie, S.
15
2012
Mordasini, L.
16
2012
Riederer, F.
17
2012
Ung, H.
Multivariate Classification of Structural MRI Data Detects Chronic Low Back Pain
18
2011
Barnden, L.R.
A brain MRI study of chronic fatigue synfrome: evidence of brainsteam dysfunction and altered homeostasis
19
2011
Gerstner, G.
Changes in regional gray and white matter volume in patients with myiofascial-type temporomandibular disorders: a voxel-based morphometry study
20
2011
Gustin, S.M.
Different pain, different brain: thalamic anatomy in neuropathic and nonneuropathic chronic pain syndromes
21
2011
Pantano, P.
A transverse and longitudinal MR imaging voxel-based morphometry study in patients with primary cervical dystonia
22
2010
Gwilym, S.E.
23
2010
24
2010
25
2010
SchmidtWilcke, T Seminowicz, D.A. Tu, C.H.
26
2010
Younger, J.W.
27
2009
Obermann, M.
28
2009
RodriguezRaecke, R.
Paper Title Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I Affects Brain Structure in Prefrontal and Motor Cortex New insights into the brain involvement in patients with Crohn’s disease: a voxel-based morphometry study Complex Regional Pain Syndrome is associated with structural abnormalities in pain-related regions of the human brain
Gray matter volume reduction reflects chronic pain in trigeminal neuralgia Structural brain abnormalities in cervical dystonia Structural Brain Changes in Chronic Pain Reflect Probably Neither Damage Nor Atrophy Altered gray matter volume in the frontal pain modulation network in patients with cluster headache Cortical and white matter alterations in patients with neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury Changes in regional gray matter volume in women with chronic pelvic pain:A voxel-based morphometry study Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome in Men is Associated with Reduction of Relative Gray Matter Volume in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex Compared to Healthy Controls Grey matter changes associated with medication-overuse headache: Correlations with disease related disability and anxiety
Thalamic atrophy associated with painful osteoarthritis of the hip is reversible after arthroplasty Altered regional brain morphology in patients with chronic facial pain Regional gray matter density changes in brains of patients with irritable bowel syndrome Brain morphological changes associated with cyclic menstrual pain Chronic myofascial temporomandibular pain is associated with neural abnormalities in the trigeminal and limbic systems Gray matter changes related to chronic posttraumatic headache Brain gray matter decrease in chronic pain is the consequence and not the cause of pain
Journal PLOS ONE 9(1):e85372
Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 25, 147–e82 Journal of Pain, 15(2):197-203 NeuroImage Clin 3:249-60 NeuroImage Clin 3:163-70 Eur Spine J 22(9):1958-64 NeuroImage Clin 2:313-319 The Journal of Neuroscience 33(37):14729-37 NeuroImage 74:352-8 BMC Neuroscience 14:123 PLOS ONE 8(2):e54475 Pain 154(6):801-7 Brain Research 1540:64-73 Pain 153(5):100614 The Journal of Urology 188(6):2233-7 World J Biol Psychiatry. 13(7):517-25 Cerebral Cortex 24(4):1037-44 NMR in Biomedicine 24(10):1302-12 Journal of orofacial pain 25(2):99-106 The Journal of Neuroscience 31(16):5956-64 AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 32(1):81-4 Arthritis & Rheumatism 62(10):2930-40 Headache 50(8):1278-85. Gastroenterology 139(1):48-57.e2 Pain 150(3):462-8 Pain, 149(2):222-8. Neurology 73(12):978-83 The Journal of Neuroscience
29(44):13746-50
Patients with pain disorder show gray-matter loss in pain-processing structures: a voxel-based morphometric study
29
2009
Valet, M.
30
2009
Vartiainen, N.
31
2009
Wood, P.B.
32
2008
Buckalew, N.
33
2008
Davis, K.D.
34
2008
Geha, P.Y.
35
2008
Kim, J.H.
36
2008
Schweinhardt, P.
Increased gray matter density in young women with chronic vulvar pain
37
2008
Valfrè, W.
Voxel-based morphometry reveals gray matter abnormalities in migraine
38
2007
Kuchinad, A.
Accelered brain gray matter loss in fibromyalgia patients: prematur aging of the brain?
39
2007
Obermann, M.
Morphometric changes of sensorimotor structures in focal dystonia
40
2007
SchmidtWilcke, T.
41
2007
Unrath, A.
42
2006
Draganski, B.
43
2006
Etgen, T.
44
2006
Rocca, M.A.
45
2006
SchimdtWilcke, T.
46
2005
Etgen, T.
47
2005
SchimdtWilcke, T.
Gray matter decrease in patients with chronic tension type headache
48
2004
Apkarian, A.V.
Chronic back pain is associated with decreased prefrontal and thalamic gray matter density
49
2004
Garraux, G.
50
2004
Okada, T.
51
1999
May, A.
Changes in brain function and morphology in patients with recurring herpes simplex virus infections and chronic pain Changes in gray matter density in fibromyalgia: correlation with dopamine metabolism Chronic pain is associated with brain volume loss in older adults: preliminary evidence Cortical thinning in IBS: implications for homeostatic, attention, and pain processing The brain in chronic CRPS pain: abnormal gray-white matter interactions in emotional and automatic regions Regional gray matter density changes in patients with migraine: a voxelbased morphometry study
Striatal grey matter increase in patients suffering from fibromyalgia - a voxel-based morphometry study Cortical gray matter alterations in idiopathic restless legs syndrome: an optimized vocel-based morphometry study Decrease of thalamic gray matter following limb amputation Bilateral gray matter increase in the putamen in primary blepharospasm Bray gray matter changes in migraine patients with T2-visible lesions: a 3T MRI study Affective components and intensity of pain correlate with structural differences in gray matter in chronic back pain patients Bilateral thalamic gray matter change in patients with restless legs syndrome
Changes in brain anatomy in focal hand dystonia Mechanisms underlying fatigue: a voxel-based morphometric study of chronic fatigue syndrome Correlation between structural and functional changes in brain in an idiopathic headache syndrome
Psychosomatic Medicine 71(1):4956 Pain 144(1-2):200-8 The Journal of Pain 10(6):609-18 Pain Medicine 9(2):240-8 Neurology 70(2):153-4 Neuron 60(4):57081 Cephalalgia 28(6):598-604 Pain 140(3):411-9 Headache 48(1):109-17 The Journal of Neuroscience 27(15):4004-7 Movement Disorder 22(8):1117-23 Pain 132 Suppl 1:S109-16 Movement Disorder 22(12):1751-6 NeuroImage 31(3):951-7 J Neurol Neurosurg Psichiatry 77(9):1017-20 Stroke 37(7):176570 Pain 125(1-2):89-97 NeuroImage 24(4):1242-7 Neurology 65(9):1483-6 The Journal of Neuroscience 24(46):10410-5 Ann Neurol 55(5):736-9 BMC Neurology 4(1):14 Nature Medicine 5(7):836-8
Table S2. Clinical and demographic aspects of the studies included in the meta-analysis. PAPER Paper ID
CHRONIC PAIN SAMPLE
First author
Sample ID
N
Age (years)
M
F
1
Pleger, B.
1
20
41.8±9.8
11
9
Agostini, A.
2
18
32.8±7.22
8
10
3
Barad, M.J.
3
15
44
0
15
4
Ceko, M.(a)
4
14
42.4±5.9
0
14
CRPS type I (whole hand including all digits; peripheral nerve injury excluded) Crohn’s disease (CD) right upper extremity Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) fibromyalgia (younger patients)
2
4
Ceko, M.(b)
5
14
55±2.9
0
14
fibromyalgia (older patients)
12.1±0.9 y
5
Fallon, N.
6
16
38.5±8.45
0
16
fibromyalgia
9.1 ± 6.8 y
6
Ivo, R.
7
14
54
6
8
chronic low back pain
>1y
7
Maeda, Y.
8
28
48.1±9.6
8
20
8.5± 9.1 y
8
Martikainen, I.K.
9
16
38±11
8
8
carpal tunnel syndrome chronic nonspecific back pain (CNBP): low back 4, neck 4, larger areas 8
10
60
62±13.2
24
36
trigeminal neuralgia
8.3±6.7 y
11
24
52
6
18
idiopathic cervical dystonia
13.9±10.4 y
12
20
9 10 11
Obermann, M. Prell, T. RodriguezRaecke, R.
63.25±9.46 10
10 unilateral primary hip osteoarthritis
12
Yang, F.C.
13
49
35.7
38
11
13
Yoon, E.J.
14
10
39.8±2.04
7
3
15
17
26.1±1.5
0
17
16
6
24.2±1.9
0
6
14 14
As-Sanie, S.(a) As-Sanie, S. (b)
Diagnosis
15
Mordasini, L.
17
20
40±14
20
0
16
Riederer, F.
18
29
41.4±12.7
7
22
17
Ung, H.
19
47
37.3±12.2
25
22
18
Barnden, L.R.
20
25
32
6
19
19
Gerstner, G.
21
9
25.5±2.5
0
9
20
Gustin, S.M.
22
21
45.7 ± 2.9
4
17
21
Pantano, P.
23
19
53.2 ±11.2
4
15
22
Gwilym, S.E. SchmidtWilcke, T Seminowicz, D.A. Tu, C.H. Younger, J.W. Obermann, M. RodriguezRaecke, R.
24
16
68
8
8
25
8
52.2±8.9
1
7
26
56
32.2 ± 12.3
0
27
32
23.84±2.99
28
14
29
29
episodic cluster headache (CH) (in bout period) chronic neuropathic pain after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) endometriosis-associated chronic pelvic pain (CPP) chronic pelvic pain (CPP) but no evidence of endometriosis refractory chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) Medication-overuse headache (MOH) and migraine(as the underlying primary headache) chronic low back pain chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) myofascial temporomandibular disease (M-TMD) 13 trigeminal neuropathy; 8 trigeminal neuralgia prymary cervical dystonia (CD)
Disease Duration 11.95 m 10.33±5.94 y 2 m - 17.16 y 8.8±7.1y
5.0±3.8 y (me)
7.35 y 8.6±6.9 y 1.5 y 5.5 y 3.75 y >3m 15.14±11.0 y 8.55±7.81 y 7.4±3.5 y 2.5±2.1 y 8.5 ± 2.1 y 12.7±6.5 y
primary osteoarthritis (OA) persistent idiopathic facial pain (PIFP)
unknown
56
irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
11.1 ± 7.7 y
0
32
10.19±3.25 y
38±13.7
0
14
primary dysmennorrhea (PDM) myofascial temporomandibular disease (M-TMD)
7
39.6±15.1
0
7
chronic posttraumatic headache
118.1±51.4 d
30
32
66.8±9
13
19
primary osteoarthritis (OA)
7.35 y
Valet, M.
31
14
51.1
0
14
30
Vartiainen, N.
32
8
47
1
7
4 headache; 7 low back pain; 1 temporomandibular; 1 pelvic; 1 lower limbs labial or genital herpes
31
Wood, P.B.
33
30
42.03±8.43
0
30
fibromyalgia
unknown
32
Buckalew, N.
34
8
-
4
4
chronic back pain (CBP)
>3m
23 24 25 26 27 28
unknown
4.4±2.9 y
9.8±7.2 y 3-20 y
33
Davis, K.D.
35
9
-
3
6
irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
>2y
34
Geha, P.Y.
36
22
40.7±2.3
3
19
complex regional pain syndrome
3m – 13.5 y
35
Kim, J.H. Schweinhardt, P. Valfrè, W.
37
20
33.7±11.3
3
17
9.8±6 y
38
14
25.7±5.1
0
14
39
11
38.9±6.4
2
9
5 aura vulvar vestibulitis syndrome (PVD) 6 aura
Kuchinad, A. Obermann, M.(a) Obermann, M.(b) SchmidtWilcke, T.
40
10
52
0
10
41
11
52.6
42
9
55.9
2
7
9 idiopathic cervical dystonia (CD)
10±6.8 y
43
20
53.6±7.7
1
19
fibromyalgia
173±86.5 m
41
Unrath, A.
44
63
63.7±11.4
18
45
42
Draganski, B.
45
28
41.9±13.8
20
43
Etgen, T.
46
16
67.4±4.3
44
Rocca, M.A. SchimdtWilcke, T.
47
16
42.7
48
18
46
Etgen, T.(a)
49
46
Etgen, T.(b)
47
SchimdtWilcke, T.
36 37 38 39 39 40
45
fibromyalgia 11 idiopathic blepharospasm (BEB)
unknown 5.5±4.3 y
8
119.3±140 m
4
12
prymary blepharospasm (BEB)
6.5±4.9 y
1
15
7 aura
24.8 y
50.4±6.8
9
9
chronic back pain (CBP)
176±87,60 m
28
53.3±8
7
21
50
23
59.3±10
6
17
51
40
50.85
12
28
52
26
-
10
16
53
36
53±9.7
21
15
idiopathic restless legs syndrome (RLS) idiopathic restless legs syndrome (RLS) 20 chronic tension type headache (CTTH); 20 medication-overuse headache 15 muscoloskeletal; 5 radiculopathy; 6 both focal hand dystonia (FHD)
49 50
Okada, T.
54
16
34
10
6
chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)
51
May, A.
55
25
47
23
2
idiopathic headache
N: number of subjects; m: months; y: years; me: median.
20.6±8.9 y
idiopathic restless legs syndrome (RLS) phantom limb pain
Apkarian, A.V. Garraux, G.
48
5±2.9 y
22.3±7.1 y
19±14 y 11.4±11 y unknown 11.3±11.4 y 13±7 y 10±244 m
Table S3. Methodological aspects of the studies included in the meta-analysis. PAPER Paper Sample First author ID ID
VBM
1
Pleger, B.
1
SPM8
2
Agostini, A.
2
SPM5
3
Barad, M.J.
3
SPM8
4
Ceko, M.(a)
4
SPM8
4
Ceko, M.(b)
5
SPM8
5
Fallon, N.
6
SPM8
6
Ivo, R.
7
SPM8
7
Maeda, Y.
8
SPM8
9
SPM8
10
SPM8
8 9
Martikainen, I.K. Obermann, M.
10
Prell, T.
11
SPM2
11
RodriguezRaecke, R.
12
SPM2
12
Yang, F.C.
13
SPM8
13
Yoon, E.J.
14
SPM8
15
SPM5
16
SPM5
17
SPM5
14 14 15
As-Sanie, S.(a) As-Sanie, S. (b) Mordasini, L.
Gray Matter
VBM DATA VBM algorithm unified segmentation scheme VBM, modulated (volume) optimized VBM, modulated (volume) segmented, DARTEL VBM DARTEL VBM, modulated (volume) DARTEL VBM, modulated (volume) optimized VBM, modulated (volume) DARTEL VBM, modulated (volume) DARTEL VBM, modulated (volume) DARTEL VBM, modulated (volume) DARTEL VBM, modulated (volume) Optimized VBM, modulated (volume)
voxel size (mm)
smoothing Atlas (mm) Space
Scanner (Tesla)
↑↑ ↓↓
1x1x1
7
MNI
1.5T
1
0
1x1x1
12
MNI
3T
0
4
1.5x1.5x1.5
8
MNI
3T
3
6
1x1x1
8
MNI
3T
9
0
1x1x1
8
MNI
3T
0
14
1x1x1
10
MNI
3T
2
2
1x1x1
8
MNI
3T
0
16
1x1x1
10
MNI
3T
0
4
1x1x1
8
MNI
3T
0
3
1x1x1
8
MNI
1.5
0
14
0.97x0.97x 1.5
8
MNI
1.5T
10
5
optimized VBM
1x1x1
10
MNI
3T
2
11
DARTEL VBM, modulated (volume) DARTEL VBM, modulated (volume) VBM5.1, modulated (volume) VBM5.1, modulated (volume) VBM5, modulated (volume) VBM8, modulated (volume) unified segmentation scheme VBM
1.02x1.02x 1.05
8
MNI
1.5T
0
5
1 mm thick
12
MNI
3T
0
4
1x1x1.2
8
MNI
3T
1
6
1x1x1.2
8
MNI
3T
0
1
1x1x1
10
TAL
3T
0
3
8
MNI
3T
17
8
8
MNI
3T
2
1
0.86x0.86x 1.0 0.86x0.86x 1.5
16
Riederer, F.
18
SPM8
17
Ung, H.
19
SPM8
20
SPM5
Dartel VBM
0.94×0.94×1
8
MNI
1.5 T
0
0
21
SPM5
Segmentation
1×1×1.2
8
TAL
3T
0
7
19
Barnden, L.R. Gerstner, G.
20
Gustin, S.M.
22
SPM5
modulated (volume)
─
6
MNI
3T
1
6
21
Pantano, P. Gwilym, S.E. SchmidtWilcke, T
23
SPM5 FSLVBM
modulated (volume)
1mm-thick
12
MNI
1.5 T
0
8
modulated (volume)
1 isotropic
3
TAL
3T
11
2
VBM 5.1, modulated (volume)
1×1×1
8
TAL
1.5 T
0
9
Standard VBM (MNI template)
1×1×1
8
MNI
3T
7
18
─
8
TAL
1.5 T
7
9
1×1×1
8
MNI
3T
11
1
18
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Seminowicz, D.A. Tu, C.H. Younger, J.W. Obermann, M. RodriguezRaecke, R. Valet, M. Vartiainen, N.
24 25
SPM5
27
CIVET pipeline 1.1.9 SPM8
28
SPM8
29
SPM2
Optimized VBM
1×1×1
12
TAL
1.5 T
5
0
30
SPM2
Optimized VBM
1mm-thick
10
MNI
3T
1
16
31
SPM2
Optimized VBM
1×1×1
8
MNI
1.5 T
0
13
32
SPM2
Optimized VBM
1×1×1
12
MNI
3T
0
7
26
Optimized VBM Standard VBM (MNI template)
31
Wood, P.B.
33
SPM2
Unmodulated (concentration)
0.94×0.94×1. 2
12
TAL
1.5 T
0
4
34
SPM2
Optimized VBM
─
12
TAL
3T
0
2
35
SPM2
modulated (volume)
1.5mm-thick 1.7×1.7×2 (18s); 2×2×2 (3s) 0.94×0.94× 1.25
10
TAL
1.5 T
0
2
9.2
MNI
3T
0
1
10
MNI
1.5 T
0
20
33
Buckalew, N. Davis, K.D.
34
Geha, P.Y.
36
FSL 4.0/IRTK
Optimized VBM
35
Kim, J.H.
37
SPM2
Optimized VBM
38
INSECT
39
32
1×1×1
10
MNI
1.5 T
5
0
SPM2
Standard VBM (MNI template) Optimized VBM
1.4mm-thick
12
MNI
1T
0
11
40
─
modulated (volume)
1×1×1
10
MNI
1.5 T
0
5
41
SPM2
Optimized VBM
1×1×1
12
TAL
1.5 T
5
4
42
SPM2
Optimized VBM
1×1×1
12
TAL
1.5 T
6
3
43
SPM2
Optimized VBM
1×1×1.08
10
MNI
1.5 T
4
2
44
SPM2
Optimized VBM
1×1×1
6
MNI
1.5 T
0
3
45
SPM2
Optimized VBM
1×1×1.08
10
MNI
1.5 T
0
14
46
SPM2
Optimized VBM
1×1×1
12
MNI
1.5 T
2
1
Rocca, M.A. SchimdtWilcke, T.
47
SPM2
Optimized VBM
12
TAL
3T
1
21
48
SPM99
Optimized VBM
1×1×1 0.97×0.97× 1.08
10
TAL
1.5 T
3
4
46
Etgen, T.(a)
49
Segmentation
1×1×1
8
TAL
1.5 T
2
2
46
Etgen, T.(b)
50
Segmentation
1×1×1
8
TAL
1.5 T
4
0
Segmentation
─
12
TAL
1.5 T
0
16
Optimized VBM
2mm-thick
12
TAL
1.5 T
0
4
Optimized VBM
1.3mm-thick
8
MNI
3T
7
0
Optimized VBM
1.2mm-thick
12
TAL
3T
0
1
Segmentation
1×1×1.5
10
TAL
2T
1
0
36 37 38 39 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
Schweinhard t, P. Valfrè, W. Kuchinad, A. Obermann, M.(a) Obermann, M.(b) SchmidtWilcke, T. Unrath, A. Draganski, B. Etgen, T.
49
SchimdtWilcke, T. Apkarian, A.V. Garraux, G.
50
Okada, T.
54
51
May, A.
55
47 48
51 52 53
SPM software SPM software SPM99 SPM99/S nPM SPM2 SPM2/Sn PM99 ─
↑↑ foci of gray matter increase; ↓↓ foci of gray matter decrease.
Table S4. Statistical aspects of the studies included in the meta-analysis. PAPER STATISTICS Paper Sample First author ID ID 1
Pleger, B.
2
Agostini, A.
1 2
3
Barad, M.J.
3
4
Ceko, M.(a)
4
4
Ceko, M.(b)
5
5
Fallon, N.
6
6
Ivo, R.
7
7
Maeda, Y.
8
8 9
Martikainen, I.K. Obermann, M.
9 10
10
Prell, T.
11
11
RodriguezRaecke, R.
12
12
Yang, F.C.
13
13
Yoon, E.J.
14
14 14 15
As-Sanie, S.(a) As-Sanie, S. (b) Mordasini, L.
15 16 17
16
Riederer, F.
18
17
Ung, H.
19
18
Barnden, L.R.
20
19
Gerstner, G.
21
20
Gustin, S.M.
22
21
Pantano, P.
23
22 23 24
Gwilym, S.E. SchmidtWilcke, T Seminowicz,
24 25 26
Significance level Initial p value p=0.001 (uncorrected) p