dynamics of the suspended sediment transport

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1979-1980. 1981-1982. 1983-1984. 1985-1986. 1987-1988. 1989-1990 ... Caudales menores 70 m3/s. 7. SUSPENDED SEDIMENT FLOW CALCULATION.
Universidad Nacional  Agraria La Molina.

FINCyT

innovación•ciencia •tecnología

Proyecto especial  CHAVIMOCHIC 

Institut de Recherche  Hydrogéodynamique du pour le Développement

Bassin Amazonien.

DYNAMICS  OF  THE  SUSPENDED  SEDIMENT   TRANSPORT  PRODUCTION  ON  THE  SANTA  RIVER,  PERU (1977­2010)

Morera, Sergio1; Condom, T2; Crave, A3; Vauchel, P4; JL, Guyot5. & Lizares, G6. 1 University

National Agraria La Molina. 2 IRD - UMR - HydroSciences Montpellier, France. 3 Geosciences Rennes, Centre National of Research Scientific France.

4 IRD-LMTG.

Box 18-1209. Lima 18, Peru. CP 7091, Lake Sul, 71619-970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil 6 Special project CHAVIMOCHIC. 5 IRD-

How Transfer Fluvial System Santa works? Solid and liquid discharge The HyBAm project has been making efforts to expand knowledge in events that occur on the Andean, Guyot et al., 1996 quantified the sediment yield in the eastern Andes of Bolivia with an average of 3 200 t km‐2 yr‐1.

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Figure: Pepin et al., 2011.

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RESEARCH AREA AND SETTING

< 15%, Plane; >40% Wavy.

15 - 45%, Steep.

> 45%, Extremely steep

SUSPENDED SEDIMENT DATA AND ANALYSIS Sampling

Santa Station  19­02­2010 Condorcerro station  09­03­2010

b. Data analysis 100

Availability percentage

a.

6.35 27.93

24.96

72.07

75.04

Tablachaca

Santa

75 Gaps 50

93.65 Avaible

25 0 Condorcerro

4

Annual discharge variation from study stations (2002­2009)

Annual balance from average daily discharge 6

Annual discharge (km3)

5

Condorcerro = Tablachaca + Santa Santa Tablachaca

4 3 2 1 0

5

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENSO EVENTS AND DISCHARGE VARIABILITY

5.8

6

6.7

7.0

6.0

5.8

5.3 4.5

5

4.3

4.0

4 3.5 3

4.7 4.94.5 4.2 4.0

4.6

4.4 3.5

3.2

2.9

2.5

4.5 4.0

3.9

4.9

3.2 2.7

2.4

2.1

2

NIÑO

2009-2010

2007-2008

2005-2006

2003-2004

2001-2002

1999-2000

1997-1998

1995-1996

1993-1994

1991-1992

1989-1990

1987-1988

1985-1986

1983-1984

1981-1982

0

1979-1980

1 1977-1978

Annual discharge km3/year

7

NIÑA

www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov 6

SUSPENDED SEDIMENT FLOW CALCULATION ­ Methodology 1 (direct calculation) a.

Qs = MES×Q . . . . . . . . . . . (M1 y M4).

­ Methodology 2 (annual adjustment)

­ Methodology 3 (Prediction)

• (Qs=aQb).

• (Qs=cQd).

Condorcerro Station

100

1000000 100000 10000

Suspended sediment load (t/s)

y = 0.0010x3.2200 y = 0.2906x2.2826 y = 0.0021x3.1165 y = 0.0123x2.8114 y = 0.0004x3.4657 y = 0.0007x3.3029 y = 0.0031x3.0472 y = 0.0043x2.9396

10000000

Suspended sediment load (t/d)

Sediment flux against Water discharge at Condorcerro station

y = 0.0241x2.5942 y = 0.0117x2.6891 y = 0.0068x2.7636

1000 100

y = 0.000000057x2.91 R² = 0.898 10 Caudales mayores a 70 m3/s Caudales menores 70 m3/s

1

0.1

y = 0.000018x1.54 R² = 0.328

0.01

0.001 10

10 10

100

1000

100

1000

water discharge (m3/s)

Average daily discharge (m3/s)

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QSolid = c * QLiquid d

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QSolid = c * QLiquid d

Un tendance NASH %V 0.8290 21.8037

Two tendance NASH %V 0.8902 8.3773

Condorcerro

Qsolid

Nº  days 07/2007 ‐ 02/2009 584

Tablachaca

Qsolid

03/2008 ‐ 02/2009

335

0.5021 ‐14.0593

0.0244 ‐35.9649

Santa

Qsolid

03/2007 ‐ 11/2007

261

0.5084

0.7627 22.6957

Station

Periode

45.9061

Three tendance NASH %V 0.7692

4.0291

9

Annual sediment flux  and water discharge at Condorcerro station  Sedemend Flux (Millons of  tonnes)

40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

Method 1

Method 2

Method 3

900 2000‐01

Daily discharge m3/s

2001‐02 2002‐03 2003‐04

600

2004‐05 2005‐06 2006‐07 2007‐08

300

2008‐09

0

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr May

Jun

Jul

Aug

10

Interannual spatial variability of sediment production?

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EROSION RATE DISTRIBUTION What controls sediment supply to rivers in uplands catchments?

SOURCES Lithology

Suspended sediment samples (2008­2009)  12

SEDIMENT SOURCES ? SLOPE

Basin -Station

Whole

0 - 4.9º 5 - 9.9º 10 - 19.9º 20 - 29.9º 30 - 39.9º 40 - 49.9º 50 - 59.9º 60 - 74.9º 75 - 88.9º

Area 1213.0

638.9

1655.3

1681.1

1231.5

426.1

96.7

113.6

115.7

7172.0

Santa

%

16.9

8.9

23.1

23.4

17.2

5.9

1.3

1.6

1.6

100

Area

321.9

253.1

976.3

840.0

545.3

166.6

23.5

4.1

0.4

3131.2

%

10.3

8.1

31.2

26.8

17.4

5.3

0.7

0.1

Tablachaca

0.01 100

Analysis of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) NDVI Low powerful High powerful No powerful erosion erosion

Basin -Station Area Condorcero % Area Santa % Area Tablachaca %

TOTAL

5,141.54

3,687.87

1,536.48

10,365.88

49.60

35.58

14.82

100.00

3,557.51

2,588.61

1,017.90

7,164.02

49.66

36.13

14.21

100.00

1,604.76

1,084.00

498.60

3,187.36

50.35

34.01

15.64

100.00

What else

???? 13

How much sediment is transported from the Andes? Mean annual Sediment Yield (t km-2 yr-1

3000 Grande-Abapo 2500

Tablachaca 2000 1500

Santa 1000 500

In Magdalena 0 100

1000

10000

Catchment area Atlantic Andes

Pacific Andes

100000

1000000

(km2) Catchments study

Suspended sediment producction at Coordillera Andean (Restrepo et al., 2006; Pepin et al., 2011; Laraque et al. 2004 & J.L. Guyot et al., 1996).

Station

Periode

Condorcerro 2000‐2009

Suspended  Range  Annual mean  Sediment Catchment  sediment  elevation  discharge  Yield (t.km‐ 2 Area (km ) concentration  2 (m) (km3/yr) .yr‐1) (g/l) 9969

479 ‐ 6867

4.21 

1,469.4   

1,517.4  

Santa

2002‐2009

6815

507 ‐ 6867

3.32 

557.3   

778.6  

Talachaca

2002‐2009

3132

524 ‐ 4950

0.88

3,182.2   

2,204.2  

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