(E77) TOMATO: Solanum lycopersicum L., 'Harris Moran 1823 ...

Arthropod Management Tests 2014, Vol. 39

doi: 10.4182/amt.2014.E77

(E77) TOMATO: Solanum lycopersicum L., ‘Harris Moran 1823’, ‘Soraya’ CONTROL OF SWEETPOTATO WHITEFLY WITH INSECTICIDES APPLIED TO SOIL AND FOLIAGE OF TYLCV TOLERANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE STAKED TOMATOES, 2013 Philip A. Stansly University of Florida/IFAS Southwest Florida Res. and Ed. Center 2686 State Road 29 North Immokalee, FL 34142-9515 Phone: (239) 658-3427 Fax: (239) 658-3469 Email: [email protected] Barry C. Kostyk Email: [email protected] Sweetpotato whitefly: Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) – biotype B Bemisia tabaci biotype B also known as Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring is the most damaging tomato pests in Florida, due primarily to its role as the vector of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV). This trial focused on effectiveness of different rotations and modes of application to control SWF and yield losses incurred by both pest and virus in TYLCV resistant and susceptible cultivars. Seedlings of a TYLCV tolerant variety ‘Harris Moran 1823’ and a susceptible variety ‘Soraya’ obtained from a commercial greenhouse were transplanted at the Southwest Florida Research and Education Center in Immokalee Florida on 27 Feb and 1 Mar 2013, respectively. Plants were spaced 18-inches apart on 2 sets of 3 beds 420 ft long and covered with black polyethylene film mulch after incorporating approximately 50% of the fertilizer (10-2-10 NPK). Remaining fertilizer was injected during the course of the crop as liquid 7-2-7 through drip tapes (2 per bed) with 8-inch emitter spacing. A RCB split plot design was used with main plots containing 21 plants each. The center row in each 3-row set was left untreated and served as a buffer between treatments in addition to a reservoir for whiteflies throughout the trial. Plots were split by varieties with 10 plants of each variety per subplot separated by a single TYLCV infected plant obtained the previous fall and planted on 18 Mar. Two ‘Soraya’ plants were left between plots as a buffer. Soil drenches of Admire Pro and Sivanto were made 4 and 5 Mar respectively by delivering a 120 ml suspension using an EZ-Dose® sprayer operating at 45 psi (Table 1). Coragen was injected thru the drip tape on 25 Apr and 9 May by sectioning off each treated plot with a ball valve and pressurizing the tape using a 12 volt pump operating at 0.23 gpm to inject 3 L of water, followed by 4 L of suspension and finally a 4 L of water (Table 1). Foliar sprays (Table 1) were applied with a single row high clearance sprayer operating at 180 psi and 2.3 mph. The sprayer was fitted with two vertical booms equipped with yellow Albuz® hollow cone nozzles, each delivering 10 gpa. Total spray volume increased from 40 to 60 gpa as nozzles were added to accommodate plant growth (Table 1). Disease control included an application of Serenade (Bacillus subtilus) to the soil of all plants on 18 Mar at 3 qts/acre and Actigard (0.33 – 0.50 oz/acre) Kocide (1.5 lbs/acre) and Manzate Pro Stick (1.5 lbs/acre), Regalia (1 qt/acre), Quadris opti (1.6pts/acre), and Gavel (1 lb/acre) as needed. Acramite at 1.0 lb/acre was applied on 9 Apr to control spider mites and Xentari DF at 1.5 lbs/acre was applied 29 Mar, 4 Apr, 17 May, and 22 May for southern armyworm control. Whitefly adults were evaluated weekly from 22 Mar to 14 May on five leaflets from one mid-canopy level true leaf taken from 5 plants per subplot. Eight 0.5 inch2 leaf discs were cut from each of three leaflets of one terminal 7th node trifoliate from 3 plants per subplot on 27 Mar, 3, 10, 17, 24 Apr and 8 May and immature stages counted under a stereoscope microscope. No differences were seen between cultivars and data were pooled. TYLCV incidence was monitored by visual examination every week from 18-Apr to 10-May and all symptomatic plants were tagged. All fruit of marketable size were harvested from 6 plants in each sub-plot on 15 May (HM1823) and 6 June (Soraya) and culled for defects due to insect damage, uneven ripening, bacterial spot and surface deformities such as shoulder cracking and zippering. Number, size, and weight of marketable fruit were recorded. Data were subjected to ANOVA and means separated using LSD (P = 0.05). No significant differences were seen in adult counts between cultivars and data were pooled. On 22 Mar all treatments significantly reduced the number of whitefly adults observed when compared to the untreated while from 27 Mar to 17 Apr no significant reduction of adults was seen with any of the treatments (Table 2). On 24 Apr all treatments except Admire Pro standard rotation and the Sivanto/Requiem and the Closer rotations significantly reduced adult whiteflies when compared to the untreated check. On 1 May only the Admire Pro standard rotation and the Sivanto drench/foliar split did 1


doi: 10.4182/amt.2014.E77

not significantly reduce the number of adults, while on 8 May all treatments provided a significant suppression. On 14 May all treatments except the Admire Pro standard rotation and the Sivanto/Movento treatment provided significant reduction of whitefly adults. From 17 Apr on all treatments provided a significant reduction of whitefly nymphs when compared to the untreated control with greatest suppression seen with the treatment commencing with a drench of Verimark although not different from various other treatments (Table 3). Prior to this date the population was very low and the NBZ2166 treatment did not provide a significant reduction on any of the sample dates, joined on 3 Apr by Sivanto/Movento and on 10 Apr by the Sivanto drench+foliar application and the NBZ2166 rotation and the Closer + foliar treatment. No significant differences in TYLCV incidence was observed with any of treatments (Table 4) although Sivanto drenches tended to be lowest on 18 and 25 Apr Verimark on 2 May. No significant treatment effect was seen in yield in contrast to cultivar with 91.6±19.5 fruit weighing 42.5± 8.3 lbs harvested from the ‘HM1823’ and 59.6±23.5 fruit weighing 22.9±8.5 lbs collected from ‘Soraya’. No phytoxicity was observed. This experiment was supported by industry gifts of pesticide and research funding. Table 1 Applications dates Product/ Formulation

Rate Application 4-Mar 5-Mar 21-Mar Amt/acre Method 120 ml 120 ml 40 gpa

Untreated check Admire Pro 4.6 SC 8.5 oz Hero 10.3 oz Malathion 5 EC 32 oz Baythroid 1 XL 2.8 oz Coragen 20 SC 5.0 oz Admire Pro 4.6 Sc 8.5 oz MBI 203 1.5 lbs induce 0.25% Knack 0.86 EC 10 oz Danitol 2.4 EC 10 oz Baythroid 1 XL 2.8 oz Admire Pro 4.6 SC 8.5 oz MBI 206 1.5 gal induce 0.25% Knack 0.86 EC 10 oz Danitol 2.4 EC 10 oz Baythroid 1 XL 2.8 oz Admire Pro 4.6 SC 8.5 oz Knack 0.86 EC 10 oz Danitol 2.4 EC 10 oz Baythroid 1 XL 2.8 oz Sivanto 200 SL 14.0 oz Sivanto 200 SL 7 oz Movento 2 SC 5 oz induce 0.25% Sivanto 200 SL 14 Movento 2 SC 5 oz induce 0.25% Sivanto 200 SL 14.0 oz Movento 2 SC 5 oz induce 0.25% Requiem 25 EC 2 qts nzb2166 15 oz induce 0.25% nzb2166 15 oz induce 0.25% Knack 0.86 EC 10 oz Danitol 2.4 EC 10 oz Baythroid 1 XL 2.8 oz Verimark 20 SC 13.5 oz Hero 10.3 oz Malathion 5 EC 32 oz Baythroid 1 XL 2.8 oz Coragen 20 SC 5.0 oz Closer 240 SC 11.25 oz

drench foliar foliar foliar drip drench foliar foliar foliar foliar foliar drench foliar foliar foliar foliar foliar drench foliar foliar foliar drench foliar foliar foliar drench foliar foliar drench foliar foliar foliar foliar foliar foliar foliar foliar foliar foliar drench foliar foliar foliar drip drench

28-Mar 4-Apr 11-Apr 19-Apr 25-Apr 26-Apr 3-May 9-May 10-May 40 gpa 40 gpa 60 gpa 60 gpa 180 ml 60 gpa 60 gpa 180 ml 60 gpa

x x

x

x x

x x

x x

x

x x x

x x

x x

x x

x x

x x x

x

x x x

x x

x x

x x

x x

x x x

x

x x x

x x x

x

x x

x x x

x x x

x x

x x

x x

x x

x

x

x x x x x

x x x

x x x x x

x x x

x x x x

x x

x x x x x

x x x

x x x

x

x x

x

x x

x x

x x x

2

x

Arthropod Management Tests 2014, Vol. 39 Hero Malathion 5 EC Baythroid 1 XL Knack 0.86 EC Danitol 2.4 EC

10.3 oz 32 oz 2.8 oz 10 oz 10 oz

foliar foliar foliar foliar foliar

Rate Amt/acre

Application Method

doi: 10.4182/amt.2014.E77 x

x

x x

x

x x x

Table 2 adults/leaf Product/ Formulation

Untreated check Admire Pro 4.6 SC 8.5 oz Hero 10.3 oz Malathion 5 EC 32 oz Baythroid 1 XL 2.8 oz Coragen 20 SC 5.0 oz Admire Pro 4.6 Sc 8.5 oz MBI 203 1.5 lbs induce 0.25% Knack 0.86 EC 10 oz Danitol 2.4 EC 10 oz Baythroid 1 XL 2.8 oz Admire Pro 4.6 SC 8.5 oz MBI 206 1.5 gal induce 0.25% Knack 0.86 EC 10 oz Danitol 2.4 EC 10 oz Baythroid 1 XL 2.8 oz Admire Pro 4.6 SC 8.5 oz Knack 0.86 EC 10 oz Danitol 2.4 EC 10 oz Baythroid 1 XL 2.8 oz Sivanto 200 SL 14.0 oz Sivanto 200 SL 7 oz Movento 2 SC 5 oz induce 0.25% Sivanto 200 SL 14 Movento 2 SC 5 oz induce 0.25% Sivanto 200 SL 14.0 oz Movento 2 SC 5 oz induce 0.25% Requiem 25 EC 2 qts nzb2166 15 oz induce 0.25% nzb2166 15 oz induce 0.25% Knack 0.86 EC 10 oz Danitol 2.4 EC 10 oz Baythroid 1 XL 2.8 oz Verimark 20 SC 13.5 oz Hero 10.3 oz Malathion 5 EC 32 oz Baythroid 1 XL 2.8 oz Coragen 20 SC 5.0 oz Closer 240 SC 11.25 oz Hero 10.3 oz Malathion 5 EC 32 oz Baythroid 1 XL 2.8 oz Knack 0.86 EC 10 oz Danitol 2.4 EC 10 oz

drench foliar foliar foliar drip drench foliar foliar foliar foliar foliar drench foliar foliar foliar foliar foliar drench foliar foliar foliar drench foliar foliar foliar drench foliar foliar drench foliar foliar foliar foliar foliar foliar foliar foliar foliar foliar drench foliar foliar foliar drip drench foliar foliar foliar foliar foliar

22-Mar 27-Mar 3-Apr 10-Apr 17-Apr 24-Apr 1-May

8-May

14-May

1.00a 0.25 0.48bcd 0.20 0.20bcd 0.20 0.88a 0.30

0.90 0.63

0.83a 0.53abc

1.22a 0.93ab

2.10a 1.43b

1.73a 1.40ab

0.28bcd 0.15 0.28cd

0.28

0.50

0.20cd

0.23d

0.63cdef 0.30f

0.05 0.50bcd 0.10

0.72

0.15d

0.75bc

0.30ef

0.25bcd 0.35 0.45bcd 0.33

0.68

0.33bcd

0.40bcd 0.53efd

0.58def

0.05d

0.18

0.43

0.33bcd

0.90ab

1.25bc

1.15bc

0.05

0.43

0.48bcd

0.28d

0.93bcd

1.33ab

0.15bcd 0.05 0.58abc 0.15

0.33

0.50abc

0.63bcd 0.65cdef 0.85bcdef

0.45b

0.45bc

0.10 0.30cd

0.30bcd 0.10 0.23d

0.68cdef

0.20 0.65ab

0.28

0.38

0.30bcd

0.60bcd 0.85bcde 1.08bcd

0.30bcd 0.35 0.30cd

0.23

0.58

0.43bcd

0.38cd

0.20f

0.60cdef

0.05 0.38bcd 0.10

0.25

0.30bcd

0.43cd

1.15bc

0.88bcde

0.30bcd 0.10 0.40bcd 0.20

0.43

0.63ab

0.63bcd 0.40def

0.10cd

Means within columns followed by same letter are not statistically different (LSD, P>0.05).

3

0.48ef


doi: 10.4182/amt.2014.E77

Table 3 nymphs/4 sq inch Product/ Formulation

Rate Amt/acre

Application Method 27-Mar 3-Apr

Untreated check Admire Pro 4.6 SC Hero Malathion 5 EC Baythroid 1 XL Coragen 20 SC Admire Pro 4.6 Sc MBI 203 induce Knack 0.86 EC Danitol 2.4 EC Baythroid 1 XL Admire Pro 4.6 SC MBI 206 induce Knack 0.86 EC Danitol 2.4 EC Baythroid 1 XL Admire Pro 4.6 SC Knack 0.86 EC Danitol 2.4 EC Baythroid 1 XL Sivanto 200 SL Sivanto 200 SL Movento 2 SC induce Sivanto 200 SL Movento 2 SC induce Sivanto 200 SL Movento 2 SC induce Requiem 25 EC nzb2166 induce nzb2166 induce Knack 0.86 EC Danitol 2.4 EC Baythroid 1 XL Verimark 20 SC Hero Malathion 5 EC Baythroid 1 XL Coragen 20 SC Closer 240 SC Hero Malathion 5 EC Baythroid 1 XL Knack 0.86 EC Danitol 2.4 EC

8.5 oz 10.3 oz 32 oz 2.8 oz 5.0 oz 8.5 oz 1.5 lbs 0.25% 10 oz 10 oz 2.8 oz 8.5 oz 1.5 gal 0.25% 10 oz 10 oz 2.8 oz 8.5 oz 10 oz 10 oz 2.8 oz 14.0 oz 7 oz 5 oz 0.25% 14 5 oz 0.25% 14.0 oz 5 oz 0.25% 2 qts 15 oz 0.25% 15 oz 0.25% 10 oz 10 oz 2.8 oz 13.5 oz 10.3 oz 32 oz 2.8 oz 5.0 oz 11.25 oz 10.3 oz 32 oz 2.8 oz 10 oz 10 oz


10-Apr

17-Apr

24-Apr

8-May

4.00a 2.38ab 1.83a 0.19b 0.25cd 0.42bc

7.58a 12.63a 3.45bc 4.42bc

0.13b 0.18cd 0.17c

1.45de

2.50cd

9.25bcde

0.00b 0.13cd 0.63bc

0.46e

3.79c

8.63cde

0.13b 0.06d

1.04de

2.63cd

7.58de

0.00b 0.44cd 1.08abc

2.45cd

2.79cd

4.71ef

0.00b 1.25bc 0.54bc

1.71cde 2.92cd

4.63ef

0.13b 0.25cd 0.58bc

1.83cde 2.63cd

5.83ef

5.38a 3.50a

2.63cd

6.42b

10.63bcd

1.44b 0.75cd 2.13a

2.63cd

3.54cd

6.54def

0.00b 0.13cd 0.08c

0.42e

1.17d

2.25f

0.32b 1.00cd 2.17a

5.17b

6.83b

13.75b

0.13c

1.54ab


4

19.25a 13.21bc


doi: 10.4182/amt.2014.E77

Table 4 % of plants with TYLCV 18 Apr 25 Apr 2 May 10-May Untreated check Admire Pro 4.6 SC Hero Malathion 5 EC Baythroid 1 XL Coragen 20 SC Admire Pro 4.6 Sc MBI 203 induce Knack 0.86 EC Danitol 2.4 EC Baythroid 1 XL Admire Pro 4.6 SC MBI 206 induce Knack 0.86 EC Danitol 2.4 EC Baythroid 1 XL Admire Pro 4.6 SC Knack 0.86 EC Danitol 2.4 EC Baythroid 1 XL Sivanto 200 SL Sivanto 200 SL Movento 2 SC induce Sivanto 200 SL Movento 2 SC induce Sivanto 200 SL Movento 2 SC induce Requiem 25 EC nzb2166 induce nzb2166 induce Knack 0.86 EC Danitol 2.4 EC Baythroid 1 XL Verimark 20 SC Hero Malathion 5 EC Baythroid 1 XL Coragen 20 SC Closer 240 SC Hero Malathion 5 EC Baythroid 1 XL Knack 0.86 EC Danitol 2.4 EC

8.5 oz 10.3 oz 32 oz 2.8 oz 5.0 oz 8.5 oz 1.5 lbs 0.25% 10 oz 10 oz 2.8 oz 8.5 oz 1.5 gal 0.25% 10 oz 10 oz 2.8 oz 8.5 oz 10 oz 10 oz 2.8 oz 14.0 oz 7 oz 5 oz 0.25% 14 5 oz 0.25% 14.0 oz 5 oz 0.25% 2 qts 15 oz 0.25% 15 oz 0.25% 10 oz 10 oz 2.8 oz 13.5 oz 10.3 oz 32 oz 2.8 oz 5.0 oz 11.25 oz 10.3 oz 32 oz 2.8 oz 10 oz 10 oz


15.0 7.5

42.5 47.5

92.5 77.5

100.00 95.00

7.5

37.5

82.5

97.50

12.5

42.5

82.5

97.50

20.0

60.0

95.0

100.00

7.5

35.0

75.0

100.00

5.0

27.8

74.1

97.50

5.0

50.0

77.5

95.00

7.5

30.0

82.5

95.00

20.0

47.5

80.0

100.00

7.5

37.5

70.0

90.00

20.8

49.7

89.7

100.00


5