Effect of Microbial Phytase on the Bioavailability of ...

Arnab Kumar Majie and Asit Kumar Maji

prone to different tumors in organs of reproductive system. More percentage of dogs suffered from tumors after crossing the higher activity phase of life i.e. 7-9 years of age. In context of the organ involvement mammary gland was on the top of the list of occurrence followed by genitalia. Breed-wise occurrence of neoplasia was related to the population of that particular breed in a local area.

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References Gupta Neelu and Tiwari, S.K. (2009) Veterinary World, 2(10) : 392. Mohapatra, H.K., Panda, S.K., Natu, I and Bose, V.S.C. (2005) Indian Vet. J. 82(134). Withrow Stephen, J. and Macewan Gregory, E. (2001) Withrow and macewen’s small animal clinical oncology (3 rd ed). Elsiever, U.K., pp. xv-xvi.

Indian Vet. J., April 2013, 90 (4) : 117 - 119

Effect of Microbial Phytase on the Bioavailability of Nutrients in Broilers P. Kanagaraju1, S. Rathna Praba, P. Veeramani, R. Richurd Churchil and M. Babu Institute of Poultry Production and Management, Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai – 600 051 (Received : 19-06-2012;

The nutritional significance of phytic acid is complicated by protein-mineral-starch-phytate interactions and its inhibitory effects on digestive enzyme such as pepsin, amylase and trypsin (Hatten et al. 2001). Further, phytate, being a strong acid (myo-inositol), can from various insoluble salts with important minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, copper, zinc, potassium and iron, thus reducing their solubility (Erdman, 1979). Most phosphorus (P) in vegetable feedstuffs is available in phytate-bound form which is poorly utilized by the birds due to absence of endogenous phytase enzyme (Bedford, 2000). Published information available on these aspects is very much limited and hence the present study was undertaken to find out the effect of microbial phytase on the bioavailability of nutrients in borilers. 1

Accepted : 04-08-2012)

Materials and Methods 480 day-old straight run commercial colour broilers (‘Varna’) belonging to a single hatch were procured from the Centre for Advanced Studies in Poultry Science, Mannuthy. The chicks were wing banded, individually weighed and randomly allocated into six treatment groups, each with four replicates of 20 chicks each. All the experimental chicks were housed in deep litter system under identical conditions. Routine scientific managemental practices were followed throughout the experimental period of 6 weeks. The birds in each treatment were assigned to each of the six rations viz., standard broiler ration (T 1), broiler ration with 0.3 per cent available phosphorus (AP) (T2), broiler ration with 0.4 per cent AP (T3), standard broiler ration with 750 units (u)

Corresponding author : Email : [email protected]

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Microbial phytase supplementation to broilers

of phytase (Natuphos R – 5000) per kg of feed (T 4), broiler ration with 0.3 per cent AP supplemented with 750 u of phytase per kg of feed (T5) and broiler ration with 0.4 per cent AP supplemented with 750 u of phytase per kg of feed (T6). All the rations were formulated as per BIS (1992) specifications except in the level of AP. Feed and water were provided ad lib. Broiler starter ration was fed from 0-28 days and finisher ration from 29-42 days of age. At the end of the experiment, metabolic trials were conducted using six birds, randomly selected from each treatment group and housed in individual cages. Faecal samples were collected by total collection method described by Summers et al. (1976). The chemical composition of the experimental rations and excreta collected during the trial was examined as per the procedure of AOAC (1990). Uric acid nitrogen in the droppings was determined (Marquardt, 1983) and the available phosphorus in feed was estimated. The digestibility of nutrients was calculated using suitable formula. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis as per the methods described by Snedecor and Cochran (1985).

Results and Discussion The utilization of apparent metabolizable energy (AME) (Kcal / kg) was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in groups fed with enzyme supplemented diets 2983 ± 21.91 (T 4), 2809 ± 19.87 (T5), 2908 ± 20.51 (T6) compared to their respective un supplemented groups 2711 ±21.66 (T2), 2807 ± 21.15 (T3) and control 2923 ± 22.36 (T1). Farrell et al., (1993) reported improvement in the utilization of AME of sorghum-soyabean meal based diets (3066 versus 3130 Kcal/kg) when microbial phytase was added in broiler diets. Similarly, the protein digestibilities of the birds of all the dietary groups were statistically (P < 0.01) different. Significantly higher protein digestibility was observed in enzyme supplemented groups 83.38 ± 0.25 (T 4),

79.43 ± 0.23 (T5), 82.48 ± 0.23 (T6) compared to their respective counterparts 75.59± 0.22 (T 2), 78.57 ± 0.23 (T4) except in the standard ration 82.42 ± 0.35 (T1) in which it was comparable. Farrell et al. (loc. cit) also reported that the nitrogen digestibility and retention was improved in broilers by the addition of phytase enzyme. Per cent bioavailability of calcium and phosphorus was significantly (P < 0.01) influenced by phytase supplementation. In each of the phytase supplemented groups, bioavailability of calcium 64.19 ± 0.03 (T4), 57.28 ± 0.05 (T5), 61.28 ± 0.09 (T6) was significantly better than their corresponding unsupplemented groups 62.13 ± 0.06 (T1), 53.09 ± 0.29 (T 2 ), 58.37 ± 0.29 (T 3 ). Similarly phosphrous bioavailability was significantly better in enzyme supplemented groups 55.85 ± 0.20 (T4), 45.60 ± 0.19 (T5), 52.31 ± 0.19 (T6) than their corresponding unsupplemented groups 51.28 ± 0.30 (T1), 38.08 ± 0.12 (T2), 46.08 ± 0.07 (T 3). Windisch and Kirchgessner (1996) reported increased bioavailability of calcium and phosphrous with phytase supplementatioin in broilers. Phosphorus excretion in the droppings (g / kg DM intake) was significantly (P < 0.01) reduced in enzyme supplemented groups 4.20 ± 0.02 (T4), 2.35 ± 0.02 (T 5), 3.85 ± 0.02 (T 6) compared to the respective unsupplemented groups 5.38 ± 0.03 (T1), 3.64 ± 0.008 (T2), 4.76 + 0.02 (T3). Korengaya et al., (1996) also observed that supplementation of phytase reduced phosphrous excretion in the droppings of broilers. Similarly, it is well documented that phytase supplementation to poultry diets increases the digestability of phosphorus (Silversides et al., 2004). Based on this study, it was inferred that the supplementation of microbial phytase improved the bioavailability of nutrients in commercial broilers possibly by removing the antinutritional effects of phytic acid on the utilization of starch, protein, calcium,


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phosphorus and improving the activities of digestive enzymes, including proteases, lipase and amylase.

References

Summary

Bedford, M.R. (2000) Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 86: 1–13.

Supplementation of phytase (750 U/ kg of diet) significantly (P < 0.01) increased the utilization of AME (Kcal /kg), protein digestibility, per cent bioavailability of calcium and phosphorus. Phosphorus excretion in the droppings was significantly (P < 0.01) reduced in enzyme supplemented groups. Based on this study, it was inferred that the supplementation of microbial phytase improved the bioavailability of nutrients in commercial broilers possibly by removing the antinutritional effects of phytic acid.

AOAC (1990) Official Methods of Analysis, 15 th edn. Washington, DC, USA, pp: 1141. BIS (1992) Bureau of Indian Standards of poultry feed. Manak Bhawan, 9, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi,, India. Erdman, l. W. Jr. (1979) J. Amer. R. Oilchem. Farrell, D.J., Martin, E., du Preez, J.J., Bongarts, M., Betts, M. Sudaman, A. and Thomson, E., (1993) J. Animal Physiol. Animal Nut., 69: 278-283. Hatten, L.F., Ingram, D.R. and Pittman, S.T. (2001) J. Appl. Poult. Res. 10: 274. Korengay, E.T., Denbow, D.M. Yi, Z. and Ravindran. V. (1996) Br. J. Nutr. 75(6): 839. Marquardt, R.R. (1983) Poult. Sci., 62: 2106. Silversides, F.G., Scott, T.A., Bedford, M.R. (2004) Poult. Sci. 83: 985.

Acknowledgement

Summers, J.D., Grandhi, R. and Leeson, S. (1976) Poult. Sci., 55: 2189.

The enzyme Natuphos 5000® donated by M/s BASF, Artiengessells chaft, D-67056 Ludwigshaben, Germany is greatly acknowledged.

Windisch, W. and Kirchgessner, M. (1996) Nutr. Abstr. Rev., 66: 402.
