we incubated the eggs of asp (A.1pi11.1· ll.lpius L.) al eight constant ... beginning of hutching, hatching or 50'hJ or embryos (calculated from samples tuken ...
POLSKIE
All.ClllWUM
IIYDROlllOLOGll
44
(Pol. Arch. llydro biol )
1997
139-143
1-2*
.
Roman Ku j a w a, Andrzej Mam car z, Dariusz Kuch arc z y k
Effect of temperature on embryonic development of asp
(Aspius aspius L.)
Department of Fisheries,
O l s ztyn University of Agricullurc and Te c h nolo gy , O cz apo ws kicgo 5, l 0-718 Olszlyn-Kortowo, Poland
Abstract
Eggs of asp (Aspius aspius L.) were incubated al eight constant water temperatures: 7.0; 9.8; 12.8; 14.8; 1 7.2; 19.7; 21.9 and 24.3° C. The lempcralure or 12.8° C caused h ighe st h at chi ng success, with no abnormalities in the clculheroembryos and lowest mor tality observed between eyed eggs stage and the lime of hatching. In temperatures 19.7-24.3° C total mortality in embryos was o bse rved before pigmentation o f ey eJ egg stage. De vel opme ntal rate increased with increasing temperatures. Duration of embryonic development of eggs (y; hours ) decreased with increasing incubation te m pera tures (x; °C) according to the equation: -
Y
=
3 .37X2 - 137.6X
Key words: Aspius
+
1521 (determination coefficient R2
=
0.999).
a�pius, incubation period, temperature
1. Introduction
Temperature is one of environmental factors inrlucncing incubation time of fish embryos, defined by Ba Ion ( 1975) as the lime from l"crtilizalion of egi;; until hatching of elcutheroembryos. The effect of temperature is frequently masked by o th er environmental factors such as oxygen concentration, pholoperiod, or food conditions. Each fish species requires different t emp era tu re conditions for spawning, embryonic, larval, a nd juvenile development (H c r z i g, W i n k I c r 1986). For practical purpose functional r elationship between tem per atu re and duration of embryonic Jcvclopmenl over the full range of temperature tolerance may g ive recommendation for temperatures optimum for egg incubation. From an ecological point of vi e w this relationship is also of obvious importance. In this study we incubated the eggs of asp (A.1pi11.1· ll.lpius L.) al eight constant temperatures (from 7.0 to 24.3° C) in order to ob se rve their survival and rate of develo pm ent .
*Proceedings of the i ntern a tiona l conference 'Tish lleproduclion '96",
Budcjovice, Czech Republic.
9-12 S eptem be r
1996,
Ceske
140
R.
Kujawi.I el al.
2. M ateria l and methods
Asp spawners were caught in the Pier zchalski Reserv oir ( N or th P oland ) in March 1995 and were tra nsport ed to t he hat chery where they were kept in 1000 d m3 tanks at controlled temperature (8-12° C) and light (12 h light and 6 h dark). Fish were induced to develop ripe gametes by a series of inject i ons with common carp p itu itary extract and human chorionic gonadotropin. Fertilized eggs were in cuba ted in Petri dishes s ub mer ged in aerated aquaria working in re circu lated system described by B a r d e g a, Lu c z y n s k i (1990). Eight constant temperatures were tested with two r e p l icates per temperature: 7.0 j: 0.11, 9.8 j: 0.15, 12.8 j: 0.07, 14.8 j: 0.14, 17.2 j: 0.24, 19.7 j: 0.19, 21.9 j: 0.08 and 24.3 j: 0.10° C ( j: SE). Incubation temperature was measured with the accuracy or ne ar est 0.1° C four to five times per day. The mean test temperatures were calculated as the mean values of ull measurements taken during the e xperimen t (until last hatch in each temp era tu re). The temperatures for duplicat e chambers were pooled as they were nnt significantly different (t tes t P < 0.01). The time of appeurance of cl1aracteristic devclnpmcntal stages was noted: eyed egg stage, beginning of hut c hing, hat ch i n g or 50'hJ or embryos (calculated from samples t u ken every 2 h), last embryo hut ched from t he egg batch. Hatching success was expressed us the percentage of hatched eleut her oem b ry os with no developmental abnormalities (e.g., scoliosis, lor dosis). The differences in hutc hi ng success and mortality were tested by Duncans mu lti p le runge test {P I a t t 1977). ,
3. Results On the basis or the observed
hatching success, the optimu m incubation temperatures securi ng hatching or at least 50% o f the embryo s ranged from 7.0 to 17.2° C (Table I). Highest hatching success (and lowest mor ta lity rate) was observed in eggs incubated at 12.8° C. Total mortalities were noted at hi ghest test temperatures (19. 7-24.3° C) (Table I). In these temperatures all e mbr yo s were dead between 37 and 41 hours or incubation. Incubation time de crea sed with increasing incuba tio n temperature (Fig. 1 ). 4. Discussion Development or fish embryo s
responds to incubation temperature in a variety of ways. One or the re s ponse s was hatching success without deformed embryos. In present paper hatching rate higher than 50%;, which is a good result for cyprinids ( He rzi g, Wi n k I e r 1986; La u r i I a et al. 1987) was observed for A. aspius at test temperatures 7.0-17.2° C (Table I). These data di ffer from the data obtained for A. aspius from middle Poland (M. Ciesla, unpublished). For cypr inid s another response to e x tre me low incubation temperatures is hatching of some embryos with morphological abnormalities (Wi n k I e r, H e r z i g 1986, Ku c h a rczy k 1996). We did not observe abnormalities in A. a.\pius from Pier zchalsk ie Reservoir (present paper). It is pos s i b le that in temperatures lo w e r than 7.0° C asp has good conditions for emb ryonic develop ment.
Effect of temperature on embryonic development of asp
Table I. Resu l ts (mean values:t SD) or incubation of asp
(Aspi11s a.171i11s
141
L) . eggsat different
constant temperatures. In columns 0.05 )
Temperature (° C)
Number of eggs :t ( SD)
7.0 9.8 12.8 14.8 17.2 19.7 21.9 243
343:!:12.0 350:!: 9.9 342:!: 7.0 344:!:15.5 349:!:10.6 361:!:13.4 347:!:16.9 357:!:10.6 600
Results of the incubation exneriment Mortality between eyed Mortality between Hatching success fertilization and eye egg stage unp (Aspius aspius L.)j. \Viad. \V�dk., 4, 12-14 H e rzi g, A., W i n k I e r, H. 1986. The influence of temperature on the embryonic development of three cypriniJ fishes, Abramis brama, C/111/calbumus c/111/coides men/o and Vimba vimba. 1. Fis!t Biol., 28, 171-181.
Kok u r e w i c z, B. 1971. Tcrmiczne warunki mzmJu i rozwoju wyhranyeh gatu nk 6w ryb [Thermal conditions of spa wni ng anJ de velo pm e nt of some fish species]. Broszura Jnstytutu Rybac/wa !irc)dlqdowego, 47, 1-18.
Kuch a r c z y k, D. 1996. In:i.ynicria gcnomowa lcszol1, Abramis brama (L.) [Genome engineering in bream, Abramis brama (L.)[. Ph. D. Thesis, Olsztyn University of Agricu ltu re & Technolo g y , Olsztyn, 1-93. L a u r i l a, S., P i i r o n c n, J. Ho 1 op a i n c n, J. 1987. Notes on egg d evelopmen t and larv al and ju venile gro wth of cruc ian carp (Carassius carassius (L.)). Ann. Zoo!. F enni c i, 24, 315-321.
Lu sk, S., B a r us, V., V o s t r ado vsky, J. 1983. waters ] . Praha, Academia , 121-123 [In Czec h! .
Ryby
v na.�ic/1 vod1id1 [ Fis/1
in our
Effect of temperature on embryonic development of asp
143
PI a t t, C. 1977. Problemy radu111ku pra11'dopodobie1lst11•a i statystyki matematycznej [Problems of ca lcu lus of probability and statistical mathematics]. 2nd e d. Warsza wa, Panslwowe Wydawnic tw o Naukowe. Vo s t r a d o v sky, J., Vu s a, J. 1981. Bolen dravy (i\ spi us a spi us L.) - novy obje kt umlcho chovu [ Asp (Aspius aspius L.) as a new fish species for re aring]. /Jui. VUIU I Vodnany, 3, 10-13.
Wi e g a n d, M.D., Bu c ha n a n, L.G., Loe w e n, J.M. He w i t t, C.M. 1988. Effe cts of rearing temperature on development aml surviv:..d of e mbryoni c an d larval goldfish. Aquaculture, 71, 209-'.!2'.!.
