the design of a converter system to ensure optimal reliability and operation, but ..... International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics,. Intelligent Motion .... the 1995 Elite Prize Excellence Award, the 1996 Outstanding. Young Staff ...
&KLQHVH-RXUQDORI(OHFWULFDO(QJLQHHULQJ9RO1R-XQH
(OLPLQDWLRQRI&ROOHFWRU&XUUHQW,PSDFWLQ 76(3EDVHG-XQFWLRQ7HPSHUDWXUH([WUDFWLRQ 0HWKRGIRU+LJK3RZHU,*%70RGXOHV Xiang Wang, Chongchong Zhu, Haoze Luo,Wuhua Li, and Xiangning He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tGRII DQG PD[LPXP GHFUHDVH UDWH RI I & PD[ GI &Gt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¶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tGRIILV UHOLDELOLW\ DQG RSHUDWLRQ EXW DOVR LQ WKH FRQWURO RI FRQVLGHUHGWRKDYHWKHSRWHQWLDOSRVVLELOLW\WRDFKLHYH >@ V\VWHPVWKDWSUHVHQWUHGXQGDQFLHV RQOLQHMXQFWLRQWHPSHUDWXUHH[WUDFWLRQEHFDXVHLW¶VRI +RZHYHU LW LV QRW HDV\ WR H[WUDFW WKH WKHUPDO KLJK OLQHDULW\ DQG IL[HG VHQVLWLYLW\>@ :LWK VLPLODU LQIRUPDWLRQRIWKHFKLSVIURPVHPLFRQGXFWRUGHYLFHV IHDWXUHV WKH PD[LPXP GHFUHDVH UDWH RI FROOHFWRU 6HYHUDO VFKHPHV KDYH EHHQ GHYHORSHG WR PRQLWRU WKH FXUUHQW PD[GI &Gt GXULQJWXUQRIIWUDQVLWLRQLVDOVRD MXQFWLRQ WHPSHUDWXUH ZKLFK LQFOXGH RSWLFDO PHWKRGV VWURQJ76(3FDQGLGDWH>@ ,QWKHDIRUHPHQWLRQHGZRUN >@ SK\VLFDO FRQWDFW PHWKRGV DQG HOHFWULFDO PHWKRGV WKH WHPSHUDWXUH GHSHQGHQFLHV DQG SHUIRUPDQFH RI +RZHYHU WKH RSWLFDO PHWKRGV KDYH WKH GLVDGYDQWDJHV WKHVH WZR 76(3V DUH GLVFXVVHG DQG WKHLU DGYDQWDJHV RIUHTXLULQJSURIHVVLRQDOHTXLSPHQWDQGEHLQJH[SHQVLYH DUH FDUHIXOO\ DQDO\]HG +RZHYHU DFFXUDWH FROOHFWRU 0RUHRYHU WKH FKLS LQVLGH WKH GHYLFH VKRXOG EH FXUUHQW PHDVXUHPHQW LV QHHGHG DQG WKH FROOHFWRU H[SRVHG ZKLFK PHDQV WKH SDFNDJH VKRXOG EH RSHQHG FXUUHQWLVXVXDOO\YDULHVRYHUWKHRSHUDWLQJFRQGLWLRQV DQG PDNHV LW LPSRVVLEOH WR EH DSSOLHG LQ SUDFWLFDO ,QWKHKLJKSRZHURSHUDWLQJFRQGLWLRQH[SHQVLYH DX[LOLDU\ HTXLSPHQW LV QHHGHG IRU WKH DFFXUDWH
&RUUHVSRQGLQJ$XWKRU(PDLO ZRRKXDOHH#]MXHGXFQ FXUUHQWPHDVXUHPHQW7RVROYHWKHSUREOHPWKLVSDSHU 6XSSRUWHG E\ WKH 1DWLRQDO 1DWXUH 6FLHQFH )RXQGDWLRQV RI &KLQD SURSRVHV D FRPELQHG 76(3 PHWKRG WR HYDOXDWH WKH
,QWURGXFWLRQ
&KLQHVH-RXUQDORI(OHFWULFDO(QJLQHHULQJ9RO1R-XQH
MXQFWLRQ WHPSHUDWXUH ZKHUH tGRII DQG PD[ GI &Gt DUH 6WDJH >tat@ EHIRUH t WKH LQYHUVLRQ OD\HU FRPELQHG $IWHU WKH LQWURGXFWLRQ RI WKH SULQFLSOH RI VSUHDGV DFURVV WKH SEDVHG UHJLRQ ZKLFK HQDEOHV WKH WKHVH WZR 76(3V VHFWLRQ SUHVHQWV WKH HOLPLQDWLRQ FXUUHQWFDUULHUWUDYHOOLQJDFURVVWKHHPLWWHUDQGFROOHFWRU LPSDFW RI FROOHFWRU FXUUHQW ZLWK WKH FRPELQDWLRQ $W t WKH HOHFWURQV DFFXPXODWHG LQ LQYHUVLRQ OD\HU RI tGRII DQG PD[ GI &Gt 7KHQ WKH H[SHULPHQWV DUH VWDUWWREHH[WUDFWHGRXW$WWKLVVWDJHWKHJDWHYROWDJH VWD\VDWWKH0LOOHUSODWHDXWRNHHSWKHFROOHFWRUFXUUHQW LPSOHPHQWHGWRYHULI\WKHHIIHFWLYHQHVVRIWKHSURSRVHG 0RUH DQG PRUH HOHFWURQV DUH H[WUDFWHG IURP WKH VROXWLRQ )LQDOO\ WKUHH PHQWLRQHG 76(3 PHWKRGV DUH LQYHUVLRQOD\HUXQWLOLWSLQFKHVRII FRPSDUHGDQGWKHLUDGYDQWDJHVDQGGLVDGYDQWDJHVDUH 6WDJH >tat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tat@ WKH026FKDQQHOLVIXOO\SLQFKHG OLJKWO\GRSHGQGULIWUHJLRQVDQGZLFKHGEHWZHHQDS RII DQG WKH FROOHFWRU FXUUHQW LV WRWDOO\ VXVWDLQHG E\ HPLWWHUDQGSZHOO026JDWHUHJLRQ$QQFKDQQHOLV WKHVWRUDJHFDUULHUH[WUDFWLRQPHFKDQLVPLQWKHQEDVH IRUPHG WR FRQGXFW WKH FDUULHUV ZKHQ WKH JDWH YROWDJH UHJLRQ7KLVVWDJHVWD\VXQWLOWKHH[WUDFWLRQVWRSVDQG LVDSSOLHG WKHFROOHFWRUFXUUHQWGURSVWR]HUR $V IRU WKH WZR FKRVHQ 76(3V tGRII GHILQHV WKH ,*%7WXUQRIIWUDQVLWLRQ GHOD\WLPHIURPWKHVWDUWLQJRIWKHFKDQJHRIWKHGULYHU ,Q WKLV SDSHU WKH WXUQRII GHOD\ WLPH tGRII DQG YROWDJHWRWKHGHFUHDVLQJRIWKHFROOHFWRUFXUUHQW ZKLOH WKHPD[LPXPUDWHRIFROOHFWRUFXUUHQWGXULQJWXUQRII PD[GI &GtGHILQHVWKHPD[LPXPGHFUHDVLQJUDWHRII & WUDQVLWLRQ PD[ GI &Gt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
)LJ %DVLF,*%7VWUXFWXUH
)LJ 7\SLFDOWXUQRIIWUDQVLWLRQRI,*%7
'HVLJQHGIRUWKHKLJKSRZHURSHUDWLQJFRQGLWLRQ KLJKSRZHU,*%7PRGXOHVKDYHWZRNLQGVRIWHUPLQDOV 2QH LV GHVLJQHG WR FRQQHFW WKH SRZHU FLUFXLW FDOOHG WKH SRZHU WHUPLQDO $QRWKHU LV GHVLJQHG WR FRQQHFW WKH GULYHU FLUFXLW QDPHG WKH GULYH WHUPLQDO ,Q WKLV SDSHU WKH ,QILQHRQ ,*%7 PRGXOH)=5+3B% UDWHGDWN9N$LVWDNHQDVWKHH[DPSOHWRVKRZ WKH PHDVXUHPHQWV RI 76(3 7KH SDFNDJH RI WKH PRGXOH LV VKRZQ LQ )LJ ³&´ DQG ³(´ LQ )LJ DUH WKH SRZHU WHUPLQDOV DQG WKH GULYHU WHUPLQDOV LQFOXGH ³J´³H´³F´,QWKLVSDSHUWKHSRZHUHPLWWHUUHIHUVWR ³(´ZKLOHGULYHHPLWWHUUHIHUVWR³H´ 7KHHTXLYDOHQWFLUFXLWRIKLJKSRZHU,*%7PRGXOH LVVKRZQDVLQ)LJ
)LJ ,QILQHRQ,*%7PRGXOH)=5+3%WHUPLQDOV
;:DQJHWDO (OLPLQDWLRQRI&ROOHFWRU&XUUHQW,PSDFWLQ76(3EDVHG-XQFWLRQ7HPSHUDWXUH([WUDFWLRQ0HWKRGIRU«
)LJ (TXLYDOHQWFLUFXLWRIKLJKSRZHU,*%7PRGXOH
,WLVLOOXVWUDWHGWKDWWKHUHLVSDUDVLWLFLQGXFWRUL H( EHWZHHQ WKH SRZHU HPLWWHU DQG WKH GULYHU HPLWWHU L H(FRQVLVWVRIL NH DQGL N( L NH LVWKHSDUDVLWLFLQGXFWRU LQWKHGULYHFLUFXLWSDUWEHWZHHQWKHSRZHUHPLWWHUDQG WKHGULYHUHPLWWHUZKLOHL N(LVLQWKHSRZHUFLUFXLWSDUW 7KHYROWDJHRIWKHWZRWHUPLQDOVFDQSHUIHFWO\UHIOHFW WKHWZR76(3VDVLVVKRZQLQ)LJ ,Q )LJ LW LV LOOXVWUDWHG WKDW WKH WXUQRII GHOD\ WLPH tGRII LV HTXDO WR WKH WLPH EHWZHHQ WKH WZR YROWDJHZDYHFUHVWVDQGWKHPD[LPXPGHFUHDVLQJUDWH RI I & LV HTXDO WR WKH QHJDWLYH SHDN YDOXH RI L H( YROWDJH :LWK WKH KHOS RI L H( WKH PD[LPXP GHFUHDVLQJ UDWHRII& PD[GI&Gt KDVDOLQHDUUHODWLRQVKLSZLWKWKH QHJDWLYHSHDNYDOXHRIL H(YROWDJHDVVKRZQLQ
VH(3HDN
LN(
GI & Gt
PD[
)URP LWLVVXJJHVWHGWKHPD[GI &GtLVOLQHDU WR VH(3HDN 7KHUHIRUH LQ WKH IROORZLQJ SDUWV VH(3HDN LV GLVFXVVHG LQVWHDG RI WKH PD[ GI &Gt IRU WKH VLPSOH DQDO\VLV
3URSRVHGFRPELQHG76(3PHWKRG 6RPHZRUNKDVEHHQGRQHWRGLVFXVVWKHSRVVLELOLW\ RI WKH MXQFWLRQ WHPSHUDWXUH H[WUDFWLRQ YLD GLIIHUHQW 76(3V>@ 7KH HIIHFWLYHQHVV RI 76(3 LV HYDOXDWHG LQ WKH DVSHFWV RI VHQVLWLYLW\ OLQHDULW\ JHQHUDOL]DWLRQ FDOLEUDWLRQRQOLQHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQDQGVRRQ ,Q >@ WKH LQIOXHQWLDO IDFWRUV RI WKH WXUQRII GHOD\ WLPH DUH GLVFXVVHG 7DEOH , VXPPDUL]HV WKH WXUQRII GHOD\ WLPH GHSHQGHQFH RQ WKUHH RSHUDWLQJ
FRQGLWLRQV:LWKLQFUHDVLQJRITMDQGV&(tGRII LQFUHDVHV PRQRWRQLFDOO\ &RQYHUVHO\ tGRII JHWV VKRUWHU LI I & LQFUHDVHV ,Q DGGLWLRQ WKH WXUQRII GHOD\ WLPH tGRII EDVHG 76(3 KDV D UHODWLYHO\ IL[HG VHQVLWLYLW\ FRPSDUHG ZLWKWKHVWDWLF76(3VOLNHIRUZDUGYROWDJH VI ZKRVH VHQVLWLYLW\ UDQJHV IURP P9ć DW I& $ WR P9ć DW I & $ LQ WKH WHVWHG ,*%7 PRGXOH>@ 2ZLQJ WR LWV DGYDQWDJHV WKH tGRII EDVHG 76(3 LV D SUDFWLFDODSSURDFKWRPRQLWRUWKHMXQFWLRQWHPSHUDWXUH ,WFDQEHVXPPDUL]HGWKDWWKHWXUQRIIGHOD\WLPH tGRII FDQEHFDOFXODWHGE\DILWWLQJIXQFWLRQRIT MI &DQG V&(ZKLFKLVVKRZQE\
tGRII
ftGRII TM I & V&(
$FFRUGLQJ WR WKH DQDO\VLV LQ >@ WKH MXQFWLRQ WHPSHUDWXUH FDQ EH GHULYHG ZLWK WKH PRQRWRQLFDO UHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQt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
VH(3HDN
fVH(3HDN TM I & V&(
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
tGRII
ftGRII TM I &
VH(3HDN
fVH(3HDN TM I &
7DEOH 7XUQRIIGHOD\WLPHWUHQGVRYHU RSHUDWLRQFRQGLWLRQV 2SHUDWLRQFRQGLWLRQWUHQGV
TMĖ
I&Ė
V &( Ė
t GRII WUHQGV
Ė
Ę
Ė
7DEOH V H(3HDN WUHQGVRYHURSHUDWLRQFRQGLWLRQV tPV
)LJ 76(3¶VUHIOHFWLRQRQL H( YROWDJH
2SHUDWLRQFRQGLWLRQWUHQGV
TMĖ
I&Ė
V &( Ė
V H(3HDN WUHQGV
Ę
Ė
Ė
&KLQHVH-RXUQDORI(OHFWULFDO(QJLQHHULQJ9RO1R-XQH
7R WDNH LW D VWHS IXUWKHU IURP WKH GLVFXVVLRQ LQ >@ DQG >@ LW LV VXJJHVWHG WKDW WKH MXQFWLRQ WHPSHUDWXUH GHSHQGHQFH RI ERWK WXUQRII GHOD\ WLPH DQG WKH PD[LPXP FROOHFWRU FXUUHQW UDWH LV RI KLJK OLQHDULW\7RVLPSOLI\WKHUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQ76(3V DQG WKH LQIOXHQWLDO IDFWRUV DQG FDQ EH GHVFULEHGDVWKHILUVWRUGHUHTXDWLRQ
tGRII
a TM a I & b
VH(3HDN
a TM a I & b
7R GHVFULEH WKH UHODWLRQVKLS LQ PDWUL[ IRUPDW LW FDQEHVXPPDUL]HGDVEHORZ
ªV76(3 º «V » ¬ 76(3 ¼
ª a a º ª TM º ª b º «a » « » « » ¬ a ¼ ¬ I & ¼ ¬b ¼
RU V76(3
A PIDFWRU B
)URP LWFDQEHFDOFXODWHGWKDW
PIDFWRU
A V76(3 B
&DOLEUDWLRQ LV QHHGHG LQ WKH SURSRVHG FRPELQHG 76(3 PHWKRG 'XULQJ WKH FDOLEUDWLRQ SURFHVV WKH YDOXH RI T M I & tGRII DQG VH(3HDN DUH PHDVXUHG 7KH UHODWLRQVEHWZHHQ76(3 tGRII DQGVH(3HDN DQGT MI &DUH OLQHDUO\ ILWWHG $IWHU WKDW WKH PDWUL[ A DQG B FDQ EH H[WUDSRODWHG ,Q SUDFWLFDO RSHUDWLRQ FRQGLWLRQV WKH MXQFWLRQ WHPSHUDWXUH T M FDQ EH FDOFXODWHG E\ WKHVH 76(3ZKHQADQGBDUHDSSOLHGLQWR
7DEOH ([SHULPHQWSDUDPHWHUV ,WHP ,*%7PRGXOH 'ULYHYROWDJHv JH 9 7XUQRQRIIJDWHUHVLVWRUR JRQ R JRII ¡ %XVFDSDFLWRUC EXV ȝ) /RDGLQGXFWRUL ORDG /ȝ+ %XVYROWDJHV GF 9 /RDGFXUUHQWI / $ -XQFWLRQWHPSHUDWXUHT M ć
9DOXH )=5+3% a a
7KH H[SHULPHQWDO UHVXOWV RI WKH 76(3V¶ YDOXH XQGHU GLIIHUHQW MXQFWLRQ WHPSHUDWXUH DQG FROOHFWRU FXUUHQW DUHVKRZQ LQ )LJDQG )LJDQGWKHLUUHODWLRQ VKLSLVOLQHDUO\ILWWHG $SSO\LQJ WKH H[SHULPHQW UHVXOWV LQ WKH FRHIILFLHQWPDWUL[FDQEHUHFNRQHGDVIROORZV
ª tGRII º «V » ¬ H(3HDN ¼
ª u « ¬« u
u º ª TM º »« » u ¼» ¬ I & ¼
ª u º « » «¬ u »¼ $IWHU WKH FRHIILFLHQW PDWUL[ A DQG B DUH FDOFXODWHGWKHLPSDFWIDFWRUFDQEHUHFNRQHG ª TM º « » ¬ I& ¼
ª u º ª tGRII º ª u º « »« » »« «¬ u »¼ ¬VH(3HDN ¼ «¬ u »¼
([SHULPHQWYHULILFDWLRQ $GRXEOHSXOVHWHVWSODWIRUPLVEXLOWWRYHULI\WKH HIIHFWLYHQHVV RI WKH FRPELQHG 76(3 DQG LWV UHVXOWV DUH VKRZQLQ)LJ ,QWKHWHVWSODWIRUPZLWKDWHPSHUDWXUHFRQWUROODEOH KHDWLQJ ERDUG WKH MXQFWLRQ WHPSHUDWXUH FDQ EH FRQVLGHUHGWKHVDPHDVWKHVWDEOHEDVHSODWHWHPSHUDWXUH )RU D IL[HG MXQFWLRQ WHPSHUDWXUH WKH UHODWLRQVKLS EHWZHHQ 76(3V DQG WHPSHUDWXUH FDQ EH LQYHVWLJDWHG 8QGHU D FHUWDLQ EXVEDU YROWDJH 9 GLIIHUHQW FROOHFWRUFXUUHQW I & FDQEHJHQHUDWHG,QDGGLWLRQDQ RVFLOORVFRSHLVXVHGWRJHWWKHZDYHIRUPRIVH()URP WKH ZDYHIRUP RI VH( WKH WZR FKRVHQ 76(3V tGRII DQG VH(3HDNFDQ EH REWDLQHG 7KH H[SHULPHQW SDUDPHWHUV DUH OLVWHGLQ7DEOH
)LJ 'RXEOHSXOVHWHVWSODWIRUP
)LJ /LQHDUILWWLQJRIUHODWLRQVEHWZHHQt GRII DQG WHPSHUDWXUHDQGI &
)LJ /LQHDUILWWLQJRIUHODWLRQVEHWZHHQV H(3HDN DQG WHPSHUDWXUHDQGI &
;:DQJHWDO (OLPLQDWLRQRI&ROOHFWRU&XUUHQW,PSDFWLQ76(3EDVHG-XQFWLRQ7HPSHUDWXUH([WUDFWLRQ0HWKRGIRU«
7KH PHDVXUHG MXQFWLRQ WHPSHUDWXUH TM FDQ EH H[WUDFWHGIURP
TM
u tGRII VH(3HDN
7KHDFFXUDF\RIWKHSURSRVHGPHWKRGLVYHULILHGDV LOOXVWUDWHG LQ )LJ ZKHUH WKH VWDWLVWLFDO FRPSDULVRQ RIPHDVXUHPHQWHUURURIWKUHHNLQGVRIPHWKRGVLVJLYHQ ,Q )LJ WKH DFFXUDF\ FRPSDULVRQ RI HDFK PHWKRG LV FOHDUO\ GLVSOD\HG YHULI\LQJ WKDW WKH HIILFLHQF\ RI WKHFRPELQHG76(3PHWKRGLVDOPRVWWKHVDPHDVtGRII EDVHGPHWKRG1RH[WUDPHDVXUHPHQWHUURULVLQWURGXFHG XVLQJWKHFRPELQHG76(3PHWKRGVZKLOHWKHGUDZEDFN RIDFFXUDWHFXUUHQWPHDVXUHPHQWLVDYRLGHG
&RPSUHKHQVLYHHYDOXDWLRQ ,QWKLVVHFWLRQWKHWKUHHPHWKRGVZHUHFRPSDUHG LQ WKH IROORZLQJ ILYH SDUWV DSSOLFDWLRQ DFFXUDF\ PHDVXUH FRPSOH[LW\ FDOLEUDWLRQ FRPSOH[LW\ FXUUHQW PHDVXUH UHTXLUHPHQW 7KH FRPSUHKHQVLYH HYDOXDWLRQ RI WKH WKUHH PHWKRGV ZDV LOOXVWUDWHG LQ WKUHH UDGDU JUDSKVZKLFKZHUHSORWWHGLQ)LJ tGRIIEDVHGPHWKRG VH(3HDNEDVHGPHWKRG FRPELQHG76(3PHWKRG
)LJ 6WDWLVWLFFRPSDULVRQRIPHDVXUHPHQWHUURURI WKUHHPHWKRGV
D t GRII EDVHGPHWKRG
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tGRIIEDVHGPHWKRGUDQNVDVWKHPRVWDFFXUDWHPHWKRG IROORZHG E\ FRPELQHG 76(3 PHWKRG 7KH VH(3HDN EDVHGPHWKRGKDVWKHELJJHVWPHDVXUHPHQWHUURU $V IRU PHDVXUHPHQW FRPSOH[LW\ DFFXUDWH WLPH PHDVXUHPHQWLVUHTXLUHGLQERWKtGRII EDVHGPHWKRGDQG WKHFRPELQHG76(3PHWKRGZKLFKDGGVWKHFRPSOH[LW\ RI DSSO\LQJ WKH PHWKRG LQ RSHUDWLQJ FRQGLWLRQVH(3HDN PHDVXUHPHQWLVPXFKHDVLHUFRPSDUHGZLWKtGRII &DOLEUDWLRQ LV QHFHVVDU\ IRU DOO WKUHH PHWKRGV EXWFRPELQHG76(3PHWKRGLVWKHPRVWFRPSOH[PHWKRG 0RUH FDOFXODWLRQ LV QHHGHG WR JHW WKH PHDVXUHPHQW HTXDWLRQVH(3HDNEDVHGPHWKRGDQGtGRII EDVHGPHWKRG DUHWKHVDPHLQWKLVUHVSHFW 7KH DGYDQWDJH RI WKH FRPELQHG 76(3 PHWKRG LV WKDWQRFXUUHQWPHDVXUHPHQWLVUHTXLUHGLQWKHPHWKRG $V IRU WKH RWKHU WZR PHWKRGV VH(3HDNEDVHG PHWKRG UHTXLUHV PRUH DFFXUDWH I& PHDVXUHPHQW WKDQ tGRII EDVHGPHWKRG)URP LWFDQEHUHFNRQHGWKDWIRUD FHUWDLQ PHDVXUHPHQW RI 76(3 $ PHDVXUHPHQW HUURU RI FROOHFWRU FXUUHQW UHVXOWV LQ ć _DD_ HUURU RIMXQFWLRQWHPSHUDWXUHIRUWKHtGRII PHWKRGZKLOHWKH HUURU LV ć _DD_ IRU WKH VH(3HDN PHWKRG ,Q FRQFOXVLRQ 76(3 EDVHG RQ VH(3HDN UHTXLUHV PRUH DFFXUDWHFXUUHQWPHDVXUHPHQWWKDQWKH76(3EDVHGRQ tGRII 7KLVIHDWXUHSDUWO\UHVXOWVLQWKHORZDFFXUDF\RI VH(3HDNEDVHG PHWKRG )RU WKH FRPELQHG 76(3 PHWKRG ZKHQ WKH VDPSOLQJ FLUFXLW LV PRXQWHG WR REWDLQ tGRII DQG VH(3HDN WKHUH LV QR QHHG WR PRQLWRU WKH FROOHFWRU FXUUHQW
&RQFOXVLRQ
E V H(3HDN EDVHGPHWKRG
F &RPELQHG76(3PHWKRG
)LJ &RPSDULVRQRIWKUHHPHWKRGV
7KLV SDSHU KDV SURSRVHG DQ DGYDQFHG MXQFWLRQ WHPSHUDWXUH H[WUDFWLRQ DSSURDFK IRU WKH KLJKSRZHU ,*%7 PRGXOHV 7KH tGRII DQG VH(3HDN EDVHG 76(3V DUH FRPELQHG WR H[WUDFW WKH MXQFWLRQ WHPSHUDWXUH ZLWKRXW WKH NQRZOHGJHRI FROOHFWRU FXUUHQW ([SHULPHQWV KDYH EHHQ LPSOHPHQWHG WR YHULI\ WKH HIIHFWLYHQHVV RI WKH SURSRVHG PHWKRG 7ZR LQGLYLGXDO 76(3 PHWKRGV VH(3HDNEDVHG PHWKRG DQG tGRII EDVHG PHWKRG DUH FRPSDUHGZLWKWKHFRPELQHG76(3PHWKRGWRFOHDUO\ VKRZWKHGHWDLOHGSHUIRUPDQFH&RPELQHG76(3PHWKRG KDV VRPH DGYDQWDJHV RYHU LQGLYLGXDO 76(3 PHWKRG DVWKH FXUUHQW PHDVXUHPHQW LV QRW QHFHVVDU\ %\ JHWWLQJ ULG RI FXUUHQW PHDVXUHPHQW WKH FRPELQHG 76(3
&KLQHVH-RXUQDORI(OHFWULFDO(QJLQHHULQJ9RO1R-XQH
PHWKRG LV HDVLHU DQG FKHDSHU WR EH DSSOLHG LQ WKH SUDFWLFDORSHUDWLRQFRQGLWLRQ 5HIHUHQFHV >@ + :DQJ 0 /LVHUUH ) %ODDEMHUJ HW DO 7UDQVLWLRQLQJ WR SK\VLFVRIIDLOXUHDVDUHOLDELOLW\GULYHULQSRZHUHOHFWURQLFV IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power ElectronicsYROQRSS >@ 8 0 &KRL ) %ODDEMHUJ . % /HH 6WXG\ DQG KDQGOLQJ PHWKRGVRISRZHU,*%7PRGXOHIDLOXUHVLQSRZHUHOHFWURQLF FRQYHUWHU V\VWHPVIEEE Transactions on Power Electronics YROQRSS >@ 6 @ ( :ROIJDQJ ([DPSOHV IRU IDLOXUHV LQ SRZHU HOHFWURQLFV V\VWHPVECPE Tutorial on Reliability of Power Electronic Systems1XUHPEHUJ*HUPDQ\ >@ 0 $ (OHIIHQGL & 0 -RKQVRQ $SSOLFDWLRQ RI .DOPDQ ILOWHU WR HVWLPDWH MXQFWLRQ WHPSHUDWXUH LQ ,*%7 SRZHU PRGXOHVIEEE Transactions on Power ElectronicsYRO QRSS >@ 1 %DNHU 0 /LVHUUH / 'XSRQW ,PSURYHG UHOLDELOLW\ RI SRZHU PRGXOHV D UHYLHZ RI RQOLQH MXQFWLRQ WHPSHUDWXUH PHDVXUHPHQWPHWKRGVIEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine YROQRSS >@ @ + /XR @
